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    Pressure Vessel

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    17 views36 pages

    1 (1) .Pressure Vessel

    Uploaded by

    prabhakar_met
    Pressure Vessel

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 36
    PARTI. 1. Vessels Under intemal Preeute nrwincserssrnmaenesunee ‘Stresses in Cylindrical Shell, De laid, Pressure-Temperature Carbon Steel Pipe Flanges. te Stability, Deiet onofStresses, Design of Skirt Support, Design of Anchor Bolts (approximate Design of Base Ring (approximatemetied), Designot 14BaseRing, Anchor Bolt Chair for Tall Towers, Welting of Pressure Ves Welded Joints, But We nesses, Application of e-cs ee O00: 6 6:6 FIRE ee Copyright © by Eugene F. Mesyesy Copyright 1972, 1973 by Pressure Vesscl Handbook Publishing Inc. 2 ‘All Rights Reserved ‘This book OF any part thereof may not be ‘reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 95.0683, ISBN 0-914458-183 COPYRIGHT © 1972, 1973, Printed in the United States of America NOTE: This new edition of the Pressure Vessel Handbook super- ‘Sedes all previous editions, effective July 1, 1995, The changes over the previous Ninth Edition have been made ‘necessary by the revision of Codes, Standards, Specifications, et. ‘addition, new material is included on frequent demnd, FOREWORD Engines who desin are soone: oF later ‘onting requirements for them, This is very of ‘experince for aryont who hat not kept up wi {in the fed of code requirements and design equations. Fiat be must familiarize himself with the latest version of the applicble code, Then he mast search the literature for techniques used ia design to meet these codes. Finally he mutt select material Propertiesand dimensional dats from various handbooks end company ‘atalogs for usin the design equations, Me Menesy hus recognized this problem. For several years he ‘ccumulating dats on code requirements and caleulational is information fist in the form * and now has put it all gether in (one place in the Pressure Vessel Handbook. 1 belive that this fs areal need in the presute vessel industry ‘STRESSES IN CYLINDRICAL SHELL 4 . ty | b INTERNAL PRESSURE L 3s, served by the vessel, at which Uniform intemal o exer resnreinducssin tke longitudinal seam twotimes lage sit sess than inthe chramsfeeatil sear becuse ofthe geemety ofthe ylinder is ssl. Itisrecommendedtodesign vessel pressure than the operating pressure. A design pressure stisty this requirement. Thopressure of tie laid an das be taken into consideration. See tables on page 29 for reser Tadings may than the plate which wis satisficcory ‘The compressive sess due to external pressure aad tensile tess dot intereal resiire shal be determined by the formulas | . FORMULAS, 5 (x ‘CIRCUMFERENTIAL * ) Ce JOINE. } a eat at When catcilations are not made, the design pressure may be used as the Ss derpituds she Beive Cheef] Jpmer saat al ing pressure (MAWP) code 3-2, } NOTATION Mosn diameter of vessel, inches Sh ‘r extemal presture, ps : ' Trotion alos : sxcded, noice oe EXAMPLE ty many users and manufacturers of pressure lovable worag ressire bythe headorshell, 5 flnges, openings, ee. formximam allowable pressure for flanges. pag: 142 for maximum allowable pressure for pipes. ~ye3 ‘temperature doesnot affect ts strength (room temperature) (co need not 10 be taken i Gen D = 96 inches ro, is 596 PS isp S42 BANS - sto on 2880 psi times the maximum allowable working pressure orthe design nthe vessel when calelatins arenotmadeto determine Foruers under ineraa! pressure and wind le the eric he sire stress governs can be approxima by the formula: po, = where H = Cris! bepht of tava. f hich compres vessel material atthe design temperature isles than at hydrostatic est pressure should be Y As olny pd nd oh od I Dn Di Pm DD DDD hs PARE CONTENTS Design and Constructor of Pressure Vessels. Geometry and Layout of Pressure Vessels ty Neasues and Weights osiaoneenne Design of Steet Structures aos el INTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS IN TERMS OF INSIDE DIMENSIONS EXAMPLES NOTATION = Deas ree oc nx alone Bb einer Br ‘S» Soas he ‘of material psi. page " ca = Coron DESIGN DATA: E = 1.00, jn efiieney of seamless 9, ices cendion ger “Cine conan sian CVLINDRICAL SHELL Goneseaun" | 170 » 048 x 03m) iNet ‘SUE DESIGN DATA ABOVE erie ne mien awe” (er031:5 mick ha wha th Sn. pe PETRA OH ROS ay ‘S0r Deon Dim anor Dein rind tg esis tip a = 025 out SEE DESIR ta AnOVE eri ema oe pes? Seenbesk whan id ‘ment, Drill Sizes for Pipe Taps, Bend Allowances, Length of Bia Belt, Pry Vel Dela. Prefered Lovin STRESSES IN PRESSURE VESSELS lings, which exert stresses of The category and intensity of the geometry and construc- tion ofthe vessel components, LOADINGS (Code UG-22) ‘a. Internal or extemal pressure . Wein ofthe vestel and contats ¢c_ Sttgractionsfromattactod equipment piping lining insulation, intemal, a ec. Wind pressure and seismic forces f, Impact reactions due to fluid shock Temperature gradients and differential thermal expansion MAXIMUM STRESSES (Code UG-23) ALLOWABLE STRESS: a. Tensile aris s tb. Longitadind compressive stess | __ The smaller ofS or the value of factor B determined By the procedure described in Code UG 23 (b) (2) 8, General primary membrane stress 1 induced by combination of earth- neously. . 2s i 1. x heii FH Se 2-o-@ | | Ga wt EB r| a | leese] ¢ [lary] g la] ab [Ee Hl a [efi BES] [Elen (iz A a an ip i i el tel = pire | 2 al eWay. lal iy oe at [EB Hl» [Ela i) y lela d] > (2) ihe [25 i) UP a de Vey Bd) ae fee | al * il i ee] et F E Im this case, the test pressure shall be: ‘Su Val A Tv T 1S Me Bec Pas)” * Ki Valeo i Deon Vessels where the maximum allowable working pressure linited by the ‘anges, shall be tested ata pressure shown ia the table: Primfjaare Rating | 15010] 300] a0ore] geote| 100 [15001 |2so018 Hoswonemsee™ [ass [i100 [1020 [airs | 2210 [ssoe _|ocoo Hydrostatic text of multichamber veueis: Code UG99 (0) fl ese sve emit (rift atv ‘maximum allovable compressive ste: to bused in th dn of std sale tc cheaters Jongtudinal that the stress arsing in the girthseam pound per sqisre inch is oneal of the stessin thetongitudinal seam, “The formulas forthe girth seam sccerdingly: ~ PR a 28E '° SE 0aP Po Reo ‘Srenotation on page 22, re ter promt te Pere eget le) “| _2min. nor ese than 1.25%, Teed not be greater than ¢ | wolf z | CIRCULAR FLAT HEADS +14 VOI PSE ‘This formula shall be applied: 1. When d does not exceed 24 in 2: fis tee thn 0.05 Ia value of rftless than 1 is used in ‘calculating , de shell thickness shall be ‘maintained along a distance inwardly from, the inside face ofthe head equal tot least 2 5, covers, ‘ind flanges Code UG-24; other types of closures Code UG-35 INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL PRESSURE .Fequted thickness of seamless shell for pressure. in, actus thickness of shell, ‘THE MINIMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS, ¢ ts asus PISE = 24 sf 0.13 x 300/15,000 x1 = 1.223 in. 32S = oa td SCPE = 24 [02145 VIS OXI = 1.57 in. Use 1.625 in. place Fi ted Ha ee ce ci inside face of the head = NE 2 (TX OATS = 6 in, we = Dw @- TI VIVID sd PWVdITIYUy EOn a 1 INTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS IN JERMS OF INSIDE DIMENSIONS EXAMPLES fico et eaisee oi efiency of seamless Tr eeqra0 xe -Oey Tm ons ‘VALUES OF FACTOR NOTE: Whee he mt Ls peer tn 16 ro Code enact hale of mab aes ye formals A= Mad VES TABLES ‘or quick comparison of required plate thickness and weight for various materials and at diferent degree of radiographic examination, 1A Sess values at temp -20 t0 650°. a Mies | wwe | Bie | ue ae 1 1 ‘ome | 60 ra i | Taro Vs wo [12750 [13800 | iasis | is000 | i7500 (we [= [tsa [are | |_ 17780 092 = 1.08 Lia 1s iat | A joes [em [wae | on] = ore 1000 0.78 0.85 0.92 0.99 = Ly T7300 067 0.73 0.79 085 0.86 - |, Table A shows the stress vale ofthe most fequetly ued shell and head matries. ‘Table B shows the ratios ofthese strese values, EXAMPLE: |" Ostainnesand howe vet es ee 2. What plate thickness wil be required and whet wil the weight of the vessel be, Incase 1. The eres value ofthe material 14875 TIncase2. The stres value ofthe material 13800 ‘The ratio ofthe two stress values from Table B ~ 1.08, In this proportion will be ‘increased the required plate thickness andthe weight of the vessel. 13608 tb. 4 ‘using SA 285-C plate and full radiographic examination: I | | EXTERNAL PRESSURE yd INTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS IN TERMS OF OUTSIDE DIMENSIONS EXAMPLES NOTATION Looe rege peeaa ous 22ST so eee a a = lt effigy, page 172 x Ghd akes ao Dw ewe IID OY CONE Ann CONICAL SECTION 2SEt eos ec PP = “Tema (SEFOAP)| ”“D=O.8rc0s & 1, The fal apc ane not reer than 30° (Gade Append 0) 2 Whee emer ha 20% pcan vei, "AGRE FLANGED AND DISHED HEAD (JORISPHERICAL MEAD) Whente= 16/3 0,895PL rz ' agg “SESORP ~TRHSL=O When Ye Less Than 16% PL 2set ‘= gee P(M—02y | “MEM 03) cACTOR Pp SEEDESION DAT ABOVE. rome rt = on br « Soe po 24.2 19 007 His — 04.38 0) NOTE: Whe ert oi gout tan 6%, foe Codecomcion eva of M yb eae ty be tarmale = Me VEN EXTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS EXAMPLES DESIGN DATA: B= 15 pagectema design promure outside ameter of head \ASAIASC plate S0OPF desig tompeatre 2:1 ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD “The required thickness Gall be the greater of the following thicknesses. (1) The thickness as computed ty the formulas wwhereR=0.9 D, and B tobe determined as for sphere. "ASME FLINGED AND DISHED HEAD GORISPHERICAL HEAD). Procedure (2) in, R,= 09x96 8640. t= 6100/276 = 221 ps. ‘Since the maximum allowable pressure P, i greater than the design pressure 7 ihe assured thickness Is sitsfictory. ‘SEE DESIGN DATA ABOVE. ) Ass 96 in. An Be5 200/307 = 16.93 ps. ‘Since the maximem allo than the design pesure P the assumed teres i sntifctory, | Bin Se, Fe: ey Sis By HG, Sy, BSS Z «< PRESSURE ~ TEMPERATURE RATINGS FOR STEEL PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS ‘American National Standard ANSI BI6.5-1981 oss 15018, J 400i. | 60018 90018. [rs0018, [2s00 var 450 1soo | 2225 | 32s0 | ssvs | 9275 ‘smeesaruier | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NON-SHOCK PRESSURE PSIG. PRESSURE OF FLUID STATIC HEAD “The fluid in th vest exerts presureon the vessel wall, The intensity of she o 201100 | 25 | 740] 990] i400 | 2220 200 260 | 675 | 900 | 1350) 2025 300 230 | 6ss| ars | 131s | 1970 400 200 | «35 | 845 | 1270] 1900 500 170 | «09 | 800 0 wo | $50) 730 700 mo | 335) 710 4640 730 9s | 50s | 670 2s20 | 4200 800 80 | 410} 550 2060 | 3430 850 6s | 2m | 35s 340. | 2230 900 50 | 170| 230 60 | 1430 950 3s | 10s | 140 sis | 860 260 | 430 15-702 SASI6-702 SA181-7012 SA-3S0.LF2 ‘SA216-WCB? Sora 1. For service temperatures above 850 F itis recommended that bile stesls containing ct les than 0.10% residual lcon be used. 2, Upon prolonged exposure to temperatares above 800 F, the carbide phase of carbon sted may be converted 0 graphite. 43. The material shall not be used in thickness above 2% in, "Flanges of ANSI B16 sal 2 be usd. for Nghe ratings except wer its Jotified by the design methods ofthe Code. aig ae emu alone nonshok wring ester ee resre, athe tabulated temperatures aad may be Interpolated teiween eeperauresshowa, ‘Temperatures are thote on the inside of the pressurecar ‘ange ln general it isthe same as that ofthe coniained shell of the e NOTES EXTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS Sy 0 ‘Use £ in calculation as shown wien ‘Use Lin caleuinion as shown when the srength of oins ofcone to ola- der mess ie requlrements described (on pages 163-168 c ow Cc EXTERNAL PRESSURE EXAMPLES FORMULAS ae acrDaTA pee foes on ae i. eee ee os Srropsinaiee Seer Pe cits Steal cpa = 2 eee 2 BRST pom etna sree i ee 68000 60°F 1 = Sadtinepedeefete CYLINDRICAL SHELL Seamless or with Longitudinal Bi When 0/1 eqal to or esse. wirusriprenive nic | be anrlied ‘move horizomally and allowable working pres ——— eee pbb ebts sc eeey seve tenes: segeeee peaeg|® ‘BUMSSAd TNUALXA WAQNN STASSHA YO SVINAYOS NI CASA Y WOLOva dO SANTVA aHL FIG. Ucs28.2 oceans a8 7 Toes 2 a aren exe tt ‘et o acrONA ‘THE VALUES OF FACTOR B USED IN FORMULAS FOR VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE. ‘The values of the plicable when the vessels constructed of carton steel and the specified yield strength 30,000 pal. and over To this category belong the folowing most frequently dstd matey: SA-233C SA-S1S} ancrades SA-+53-8 Type aos Stainless Steels. SRIBBE SALE J atoms SASi06te Typeatoy Sti sen EXTERNAL PRESSURE FORMULAS EXAMPLES CONTE At COWEAL SECTION | I+ ‘of Ih 2 43, Eke chart UGO28 (page 2) a the vue } \ SEDs yD aera aten ID, wirklich owe hr for or SoG he we Vg ey t= Memeo. | rte wt fy of te ofinder juncture. See page 1 heist ft pert nea etn wi te nit preston ef Ine upper endo te temperature sactone ig. UHA.28.3° NOTE: {acme whee in ave oF A rats Zs eseres Fs aweres 3 a eeerss — ss ratee racrona ‘THE VALUES OF FACTOR B USED IN FORMULAS FOR VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE ‘The yale ofthe cart ar ppt when the en! contraced of mune ste! (18CTENiD, 03 a, eabon, Type 24L) (Tele on pest 90) ey 708 GGG aa ‘THE VALUES OF FACTOR B USED IN FORMULAS FOR VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE. ‘The value of the ctat are apptiabe when the ves is comma of Austen steel (9G #NMo.0.09 mas exon, Types DIL and 37) (Table on page 90) ben O On OS e SO. e.0..6,.0..9, 6 S,-S EXTERNAL PRESSURE DESIGN OF STIFFENING RINGS 7, = Required moment of neta of he sifeningring combined with ite sxction which i to the (1) next stiffening ring, (2) tthe ection, oF (4) to cone-to-cyinder junc the type of stiffening ring and determine fe crovecectlonal area A. the reouired number of rings and dlsiibute them equally beeen jacketed section, cone-tosbell junction, or head line at 4 of its depth and “Grtermine dimersion, y= Pitesti p= PEs ee The aloof hall be detec by be folowing procure [Fela = (SSutesing ring forts vse: Code U6-29 EXAMPLES aIDELAt + ALLA) _ 96? X196% (05+ 303 / 196) x 0.00015 Ap angle of 6 x 4-5/16 elecied. Ai=3.05 19, i. UL Us 2 affening. ings equally spaced beoween one aird the depuls ofheads (see figure), L, = 196in. WL The moment of inertia of the selected ancle: 114 in. 1. Theale of Factor B=3/4[PD9/(¢+4,/L,)] = s14fisas6/t0s 3.031 1563] = 2095 2, Since the value of B is est tino 2500, A=2b/E= 2x 2095/27,000,000 = 00015 IV, The required moment of inertia: =997 ink i smaller than the the vessel is ad 3 GHARTS FOR DETERMINING THE WALL THICKNESS FOR VESSELS SUBJECTED TO FULL VACUUM CHARTS FCR DETERMINING THE WALL THICKNESS FOR VESSELS SUBJECTED TO FULL VACUUM ‘CYLINDRICAL SHELL. (Ger fcing pee tor exptasation) = 300 5F i = = ms 500" es By Nd jab = 00°F Bs ~ = 5 F ce =A i oe mS 7 - a =e Ra = = mf = I = ef = a Sea a al eal tb Lob td = - - {= ReouineD suru Tarceness a - CYLINDRICAL SHELL - - (Specified yield strength 30,000 to 28,00 pi inci) . Te To find the required shell thickness: ” m8 4 Erte loner chart cing pags) tthe value of L 3 =i é ee - “ 8 5 ed § a g x * ne Notation > ng _ 8 erate ot = yee 6&6 - 6-6 6. OG. tues «BEE 2m ome 5 nig. uncer | 220 re) 23 «Ss 67e ae ETT Tos sere ‘THE VALUES OF FACTOR B LUSED IN FORMULAS FOR YESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE ‘The aloes ofthe char ae applicable whee the ves ls contracted of aster (INCEAN, Troe 208) (Tbk on pase 190) Deere 2 4 ee 8108 as or 00 “s01 ‘THE VALUES OF FACTOR B USED IN FORMULAS FOR VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE "The values of te chat are apiiale whes the veel cousvuced of austenitic set (I8Cr-BNi-Mo, Type 316) (Table 3 on page 190) SF MAP OF WIND SPEED (ile per hour) ' eS 2 J ae SRK [ STR,” SSL YAS fro MAP OF WIND SPEED (ites per hou) ~ Y a: : a podem iaceyle can mote of Aba ed ‘ fePetakie 65 hie Se i ped ey le 8. Whitty bs! wet aca ae oe de) EXTERNAL PRESSURE Je CONSTRUCTION OF STIFFENING RINGS 5” Hocanion 7 Sutenite rings may be placed onthe nde or outside of vee DRAIN AND VENT Stffenr sings placed in the inside of norizotal bottom for the masimom are of shel ting, ste Code Figure UG.29.2, 2 Fines EXAMPLE: RINGS OUTSIDE 4” RINGS INSIDE 4° ‘Thefilet weld eg hallbe not es than the amulet ofthe folowing: 1 in the thickness of vesel wall er tfener atte joint 2 ——— CHARTS FOR DETERMINING THE WALL THICKNESS FOR VESSELS SUBJECTED TO FULL VACUUM nesses can be avoided. sgn method of ASME = REQUIRED HaIAD WaCeNEGS Te 10 120 130 140 150 180 170 140 190 300 LANGED AND DISHED HEADS 38,000 pai, inclusive) Inside crown radiss, kn. RaxeDo y= Pediat 692,100 ~ 413,690 = X20 35% 4 = 6822 DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS: ED WEIGHT OF THE VESSEL D; FORMULAS = SHEAR wowent —_[stRiss fmacuwsss| ‘A Erection weight, which includes the weight of the: Equipments: the weight given by? Se Whee S= oni aes, pal @ ‘= eight of vessel above the section under con te = circumference of she or skit on the mean diameter ka. 10 thickest ofthe shal or ei in. ‘The weight of different vest elements ae given in tables beginning on page 374 SEE EXAMPLES FOR COMBINED LOADS ON PAGE: 67 DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS BE) DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS LINGO WIND LOAD (Continued) ind load is basedon Standard ANSUASCE 7-93, approved 1994, I be taken fom the map on the following page. “The basic wind speed is 80 mph, in Hawaii and 95 mph. in Puerto Rico, "The minimum design wind pressure stall be not less than 10 IbJ/sq. ft. ~ When records and experience indicates that the wind reflected in the map, thehigher value of wind speed Thevind ynamen the peje we of i be appl Pugs, (Eeled AnaisocE 1 eraminD (References made to the tables ofthis standard) [E Projected ara of to Shape factor = 0.8 for Gust response factor= (G4 G,)* When the tower located: in aba, satubanareas Expr in open ferain with nfl, usbstracted ares, Expo D. Expeout Cott Expuntes 8 C&D (abe) YELOCITY PRESSURE, ¢ Basic wind speed, mph, 7 70 | 80] 90 [100] 110] 120] 130 Velocity Pressure pt 0.002567. | 13 | 17] 21] 26 st] 37] 4 (COEFFICIENT G (Gust response factor combined with Exposure Coefficient) ‘The area of caged ladder may be approximated as 1 sq. fi. per lineal ft. Area of platform 59. f. conierably Fores y oa 90 degrees from the vapor line, 4 gee ee 6x80 ~ 480g. ft. F=26x18x08x 480=17, oO DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS ‘SEISMIC LOAD (EARTHQUAKE) Continaton) NOTATION, 1 = Occupsney importance eoefficlent (use 1.0 for 5S. = Site coefficient Asal pt mtr (Gia mid arid yer ey pe an 90 ft Sale gear eit we doin (St oe ine lhe fn ee. = 4 Sp i eins en eet eh 20 ‘Asp ec mdi cm a nee pre aera rr neerTy ‘fm cu an et i 8 = 8 5, = Allowable tensile stress of vessel plate material, Psi T =Furdamental period of vibration, seconds =¢,x He 1 =Required corroded vessel thickness, in 12M g_ 12M, 2 RSE | uRS,E V = Toul seismic shear at bas, Ib. 0.4 for zone 4, ‘Gee map on the following pages for zoning) DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS ‘SEISMIC LOAD (EARTHQUAKE) Determine: The overturning moment due to cartha ‘tadistace X frm top tangent line Firs, fundamental period of vibration shall be ealetated T= Gx = 010359x 100% = 1.1 see, at thebase and fm, 513 R=4, 1285 125% 15 C= ar — = ray = 196 < 2.95 ye ZC_ yy 02 x1 196 = 7 35400 = 3115 1b, F=00770~ 067 M=(RHAV =F) = [240 x 100 + 3115 - =10b. @ x 1008) = 216.6950. 4 xo ins My [EX+ 0 F) CHB) = = [240 x 100 + 3115 ~ 240) (96 ~ 1008) = 205,125 1. 1b, fF DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS WIND LOAD (Computation of wind load as alerts method based on standard ASA ASE, 1-1955. This ‘A ada is buco but al ied tn some codes ad foreign counties The te ow oe ie wa es rans he EVERISW te me Ta PANO 7 sie {in Okahoma, which i 1a the wind presrare mep presttes (or Valoushelght cones are; sally soecily fronce te the height zones oF nap areas. Pot Spelled pressure shall be considered to be Relation between ind pressure and wind velocty when the Korizoat 4 els, even by the formula: where Py wind pressure Ib per sg ft Vz = wind Seloty mp 1B - omns xvi EXAMPLE Wind of 100 mph velocity exerts 1 pressure ‘x V2 ~ 25 pods perequrefeot presi onthe project area Height Bf 30 fet above gros. MAP OF WIND PRESSURE Dasreas of Standasts “Tne map based on the records of the United States Weather Moreau and developed by the Nato DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS ECCENTRIC LOAD Design of Tall Towers ELASTIC STABILITY tic aul sym! wud the vr on my alin two aye Beas finaly: ss of the shell i avery the resulting fastability. ‘The formulas for Investigation of ts fs Nec eelend WW el va FORMULAS ENT REQUIRED a STRESS | THICKNESS 2We awe eres Soa gee NOTATION zcenety We aitance oe te tver ss 8 eer of = Eiicene ree ors > Moen 9 sce fon, fT Mestad a enet b $5 See ae macs oy aul being ae, ‘Tica oye excing coroner, fy = Beenie iand Ghex: When there is more than one eccentric load, the moments shall be summarized, iaklag the resultant ofall ecceatie lads, Deerite the allowabe compressive sss (8) = Soa Lamhe + 20853 m8 ee ‘Determine the allowable compressive stress (S) using. Siee as Lette! iene: e L : 52 DOD a 5 ee OD = 22.438 PSL 108 = 0.29, ison, W. M, and Newmark N. Mz. The Stengih of Thin Cylindriea ‘iets lung xpi Un bu 253198 DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS VIBRATION ‘SEISMIC LOAD (EARTHQUAKE) v9 di we 2 The loading condiion’ cantilever beam wisn The design method be forces ie similar © that of 8 ‘As & result of wing tall toners develop vibration. The period of the vibration 1s not dhcused in this SHEAR MOMENT ports prevent the arising o| < IM =F, x H + (V — F) x 2HA)) a ya Dy MATE X A) fox, FORMULAS vortet y Re |, = x40 mx ee — 110) as i Petiod of Vibration sec. r= o.moonss(2)|22 i for X >"), oe ot oa | Base Shear ipioan Aone ret Tat ‘The base shear isthe total horizontal seismic shear at : = TOW the base of tower The triangular loading pate ard pore the shape ofthe toner shear diagram ductothat leading 5 = Seca ares 8 aad (). A pero Fo tl Bee ce Vis esooed tb epi at £2 Rielefdintres ine 6 the top of the tower. The remainder ofthe base shear is t= Ratan eps ‘ dinate tooo he ng of he owes rc. , ieee ieee yee anon Overtarning Moment EXAMPLE The Gherisng eons sumot the moment of al Ds een ie ee) NOTATION Lass 0 EIS «15 we C = Numerical cocfficien =. a oes, es (need not exceed 275) FP C, = Numerical coetiiens = 0.035 7 0m \/ EID 6 15 fy D = Ouside dismater of vessel, ft The tl vie do st ce he = Efficiency of wel litle visnion ()Séanic Sher Dagan | F, =Total horizontal seismic force at top of the vesiel, Ib. deesmined fom the following, for F, = 007 TV (F, need not exceed 0.25V) =0, for T <0.7 1939) = Length of vessel including skirt, f. Reference: Freese, ©. E.: Vibration of Vertical Pressure Vessel ASME Fé DESIGN OF TALL TOWERS EXAMPLE - A ‘Required thickness of eyindvical shell under internal presure and wind load. DESIGN CONDITIONS. } Wind, From Table A, ung ean be fou dows from the top tangent line within which the thicknem o lated for internal pressure aatsfactory alot pressure, xX SRxm {y= The equ thickness for internal pressure cop “etsion) in. te = The rgaited tices for wind pressure athe bet bead joie stl in. EXAMPLE: = O0253in.1, = O44 in 4, = 6140209 = 27 From Tie m Kent 100 = 43 a Figu 8 toes te monet der wind « bres, The dag ea ac be eed eect te nproprte ‘ine thickness a alas heights a EXAMPLE: al Aitheteight 0.71 H the required hckoea0.$ times the thickness required the btm, a ‘This is grater than the thickness calculated with ‘hestengh ofthe longi ean therfore, his tulsa thickness 293 i, all be ase For ample veut moment duet wind mal te sbove eesaton is aactry. Veusiswtien (are loadings ay need closer lavestiation wh rerpet ao ‘sonoma pie Tb fer et bie aud nebo belt een 9 eu vs 1" 3 EXAMPLE B (CONT.) EXAMPLE B (CONT) Sta se 00 own Go ep fe tow Pa e025 srt we rene xxmynkaw, oe Oe . Gat” tas x 75 ~ 2 Stress dae to wind Stress dae to weight Stress due to ving Stress due (0 weight TH_OFERATING CONDITION Strem due to wind Sties due to veignt Slies dietoint press + 1.037 | Stes due te wind — 900 + 91640 | Stress due to weight = 382 Se enmensaree 2.160 ton 30x Bin. 5.316 po 1,897 psi Toul 77153 psi fe. distance fiom top of the tower is ned on the sume reason mentioned above, PRESSURE VESSEL HANDBOOK Tenth Edition With foreword by Paul Buthod Professor of Chemical Engineering Univ of Tulsa Tulsa, Oklahoma Eugene F Megyesy PREFACE ‘This reference book is prepared forthe purpose of making fermulas, ‘echaical dan, desiga and construction methods readily available forthe designer, denier, layoutmen and others dealing with pressure vessels, Prictcal mea in this industry often have difficuky finding the required

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