(Knowledge Management : KM)

2554

(Knowledge Management:
KM)





(Resistivity
survey) (Electromagnetic survey)

2554

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.2
2.2.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.2.2
1.
2.
3.
4.

I-1
I-1
I-1
I-1
I-2
I-2
I-3
I-3
I-3
I-3
I-5
I-6
I-7
I-7
I-7
I-8
I-9
I-10
I-11
I-12
I-14
I-15
I-15
I-16
I-17
I-17
I-21
I-22

 ()
5.
6.
7.
8.
3
3.1
3.1.1 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus
1.
2.
3.
3.1.2 SuperStringTM R8/IP
1.
2.
3.
3.2
3.2.1 EM-34
1.
2.
4
4.1
4.2

I-24
I-25
I-25
I-26
I-27
I-27
I-27
I-28
I-28
I-30
I-31
I-32
I-33
I-34
I-37
I-37
I-38
I-38
I-42
I-42
I-44


2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5 -
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10 Sine function ()
2.11
2.12 Transmitters
2.13 FDEM
2.14 Coplanar
2.15 Coaxial
2.16
3.1 SYSCAL
3.2 SYSCAL R-1 Plus
3.3 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus

3.4 SuperStringTM R8/IP

3.5 SuperStringTM R8/IP
3.6 1
SuperStringTM R8/IP
3.7 2
SuperStringTM R8/IP
3.8 EM-34
3.9 Transmitter Receiver
3.10 TransmitterReceiver
3.11

I-10
I-11
I-12
I-13
I-13
I-15
I-18
I-18
I-19
I-20
I-22
I-23
I-23
I-24
I-24
I-25
I-27
I-29
I-30
I-32
I-33
I-34
I-35
I-37
I-39
I-39
I-40


1.1
2.1

2.2

2.3

2
4
5
5

I-1

1.1
(Knowledge Management : KM)
2554

1.2
1.

2.
3.
4.
1.3
1. 4
-
-
-
-
2.
3.

I-2
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.4
1.1
1.1

.. .. .. .. ..

..

..

..

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
1.5
1.
2.

3.

I-3

(Resistivity method)
2.1





2.1.1

2.1.2
( 2.1)
-
(Anomaly)
(Anomaly)

I-4
2.1

1.
(Magnetic)

2.

(Gravity)

3.
(Resistivity)
-
4.
(Induced polarization)

5.
(Electromagnetic)

6.
/
(Seismic)

7. (Uranium)
(Radioactive)

(Thorium)
(Potassium)
8.
(Self-potential)

9.

(Ground-penetrating radar)
(Dielectric constant)

2


2.2

I-5
2.2

2.1.3

2.3
2.3

-



-

I-6
2.3 ()

-

2.1.4



(Ambiguity)



(Forward
model) (Invert model)

I-7
2.2

(Resistivity method) (Electromagnetic method)
2
2.2.1 ( Resistivity Survey )

1

1.
- - (Insulator)

(Ore body)
-
-

-
-
-
(Conductor)

(Electrolytic conduction)
(Matrix conduction) -

-

(Graphite) (Pyrolusite) (Pyrite)
(Chalcopyrite) (Galena) (Magnetite) (Clay minerals)
-

I-8


2.



1.

2.
(
)
(Cation exchange capacity, CEC)

(Feldspar) (Mica) (Orthoclase feldspar)
(Kaolinite)

3.
(Well sorted)
(Poorly sorted)




4.

I-9
5.

3.


IV

I 1/R

I = V/R V = IR
V (Volt)
I (Ampere)
R



( 2.1)
2.1

R= L
A
=R A
L

I-10
R
A
L

()
V = IR R = A
L

= VA
IL
=

()
V = IR R = a A
L

a = VA
IL
a =

2.1 ()
(True resistivity)
()
(Apparent resistivity)
4.
2.1
( 2.2)

2

-

I-11
5.
1 2 3
4 1 (Sounding)
2 (Profiling)
3


4
1
4

2.2 ( Todd, 1980)

1 2 3 4
1 2
1 2
2 1

1

I-12
6.
(Electrode configuration Electrode array)
4
(Current electrode, CC) 2
(Potential electrode, PP) 2 4
ASTM D6431-99 Reapproved 2005
3 (Wenner configuration)
(Schlumberger configuration) -
(Dipole-dipole configuration)
(1) (Wenner configuration)
( 2.3)

2.3 ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

-


-
4

-
(Horizontal structure)
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (S/N )

- (Dike)
(Ore)

I-13
(2) (Schlumberger configuration)
L CC b
PP L 5 b (L 5b) ( 2.4)

2.4 ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

- Lateral resistivity variation

-

-
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) -

- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
-
(3) - (Dipole-dipole configuration)
CC = PP = a CC PP
na ( 2.5)

2.5 - ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

I-14
-
-
-
-

-
-
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (S/N )
7.
( 2.6)

1. (Resistivity meter)


2.

(Steel)
(Stainless steel)
40-50
3.
100 200 300


4.
5. GPS
6. (field curve)

I-15

.
IRIS

2.6
8.



1


2 3

9.
1.

2.

3.

4. -

I-16
5. (Simple
structural geology) 1

6.


(Overlap)
7. -
-
5-10
8.


1-2
9.


(Polarization)


2.2.2 (Electromagnetic Survey)

I-17
1.
1. 4,000
(Absorption)
Long wave
2.
-

-

-

(Ferromagnetic)

3. (
(Sphalerite) (Hematite) (Chromite)
(Marble) (Quartzite) (Granite) (Basalt)
(Clay)

4.
(Depth of penetration)
2.
(1)

( 2.7)



( 2.8)
H = B/
H (/)
B

I-18

2.7

2.8
(2) (Faraday-Henry Law)
(E)

E = -B/t

B (
)
E ()
( 2.9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 300,000 /
6.

I-19

2.9
(3) Sine function
(Alternating current) f
(Period) T 1/f Function
y = A sin t
t
A (Amplitude)
(Angular frequency) = 2f

I-20
Amplitude
y = A sin Phase difference ( 2.10)

2.10 Sine function ()

(4) Propagation constant

Magnetic permeability Permeability
Propagation constant Wave number
2 = (+i)
= 2f
f Frequency in hertz
Magnetic permeability of the medium in henry/metre
Permeability in farad/metre
Conductivity in simens/metre
i -1
Propagation constant 2 Real part
Displacement current Imaginary part Conduction
current Amplitude Conductive media
Skin depth
(5) Skin depth Depth of penetration

Exponential curve Skin effect Skin depth
37% Skin depth
Skin depth () = 2/

I-21
Skin depth ()
()

(6) Response parameter
Secondary field
2 In-phase Quadrature
() Permeability () (Geometry)

Response parameter ()
= l2
= ts Thin tabular body
l
t
s
t (Conductance) Conductivity

3.

(Transmitter coil) (Primary magnetic field)

( Eddy
Current )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
( 2.11) (Receiver Coil)
Transmitter ( Primary Magnetic field )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
Phase Amplitude
(Transmitter)

I-22

2.11 (Klein and Lajoie, 1980)

4.

(1) 2
1. (Time-domain electromagnetic, TEM)


() Sine wave Half sinusoidal waveform
( 2.12)

I-23

2.12 Transmitter
2. (Frequency-domain electromagnetic, FDEM)

Sinusoidal waveform Sine wave
( 2.13)

2.13 FDEM (Klein and Lajoie 1980)

I-24
(2) 2
1. Passive

(Magnetosphere)
Magnetotelleric
2. Active

2
- Near-field

- Far-field
(Very low frequency, VLF EM)
5.
(Coil configuration)
1. Coplanar

Horizontal coplanar (HCP) Vertical coplanar (VCP) ( 2.14)

() Horizontal coplanar (HCP)

() Vertical coplanar (VCP)

2.14 Coplanar
2. Coaxial Vertical
coaxial (VCA) ( 2.15)

2.15 Coaxial

I-25
3. Multicoil system
Coplanar Coaxial

6.

1. (Transmitter)
(Receiver) ( 2.16)
2.

( 2.16)
3.

( 2.16)

()
()
2.16 () (Transmitter) (Reciever)
() (Tx Coil) (Rx Coil)
4. Bucking loop Primary field
Bucking loop Balancing network
5. Reference loop in-phase Out
of Phase (quadrature)
7.

I-26
8.
(Versatile)
shearzone

500
50

I-27

2
2
3.1
3.1.1 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus
SYSCAL Iris instrument ( 3.1)

(DC electrical)
(Vertical electrical sounding)
(Electrical profiling) (Chargeability)
(Induced Polarization)

3.1 SYSCAL

I-28
1.

2 1
(Circuitry supplying) 1 (Injection current)
12 ()

(Internal converter) 12 (
)


(Microprocessor)
- (Spontaneous polarization, Sp)
- (Automatic ranging)
- Digital stacking
-
(Intensity) (Voltage)
(Geometrical
parameters)
Serial link
(Transmitter)
(Receiver)
10

10 ()
( 40 -) 12
SYSCAL



2.

(Panel) ( 3.2)

I-29

3.2 SYSCAL R-1 Plus

1. LCD 2 20
2. 16 (Function keypad)
(Numeric keypad)
-

-

3. Tx
4. 2
5.
6.
7.

8. Rx
9. 3 (Three pins plug)
10. (Ventilation screw)

(
)

I-30
11. A B M N

3.
SYSCAL R-1 Plus


SYSCAL R-1 Plus ( 3.3)

3.3 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus

1.

2. A B M N A
B M N
3.
INT EXT
4. ON
5. BATT
6. MODE

I-31
7. SET UP
MODE 6
Rho Rho and IP
8. CONFIG
9. E. ARRAY
10. SPACING

11. RS CHECK

12. MONITOR
(MN)
13. START
14. RESULT
15. (
)
MEMORY
16.
RS232 SERIAL LINK
17. OFF

3.1.2 SuperStringTM R8/IP

SuperString Resistivity imaging
- (IP)
SuperString 8
( 3.4) 8
9

I-32

3.4 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.
SuperString Multi-electrode systems
20-100
12 8
1


Electrode switching system 2 Distributed switching
system Central switching system 2

5
1-60
Power supply SuperSting
Command file upload Flash memory upload
SuperSting 5
- Firmware software .agi
- Command file .cmd
- Data file .stg
- Calibration file .crs
- Binary file .bin

I-33


2.
SuperSting

( 3.5)

3.5 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.
2. Fuse holder
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Firmware upload
8. LCD 16 30
9.
10. Swift cable 1 2 Switch boxes 1 2
11. (A B)
12. (M N)
13.
14. Serial communication Data
download Command file upload
15.

I-34
3.
SuperStringTM R8/IP
IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus

SuperStringTM R8/IP
1
2
1
SuperStringTM R8/IP 1
( 3.6)

3.6 1 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.

2. 4
3. I
4. 6 System settings 1
5. F2 FACTORY FACTORY

I-35
6. FACTORY F3
MEN 2 Main menu
7. 2 Manual mode

8. 2
9. 1
8
10. AB MN

11. MEA LCD

12. AB
MN MEA
13. O

2
SuperStringTM R8/IP 2 ( 3.7)

3.7 2 SuperStringTM R8/IP

I-36
1. Command file SuperSting
Command file
2. Switch box
3. 1 Automatic mode
2
4. Command file
5. ()
6.
7. x, y z
8. ENTER Command line = 1 SuperSting
First command line Command file 1 Command
file
9. Roll-along Roll-along +
- Roll-along

10. ENTER MEN

2 2
MEN
ENTER
11. 1 Switch box Switch box 1 1
Switch box 1
Switch box + - Switch box MEN
12.
56 4 14
1-14, 15-28, 29-42 43-56 Cable address Cable address
Roll-along MEN
13. Factory default setting 9
FACTORY MEN
14. Contact resistance test
F1 MEN

15. MEA
16. O

I-37
3.2

Electromagnetic
conductivity
Terrain
conductivity EM-34 ( 3.8) Geonics Limited
EM 34

(Terrain Conductivity)
Inductive Methods millisiemens/metre (mS/m)

2-3
200

. Transmitter and Receiver Console

. Transmitter and Receiver Coil

3.8 ()-() EM-34

I-38
1.
Apparent Conductivity
millicemens per metre (mS/m)
(Dipole Transmitter)
(Dipole Receiver)
(20.5 )
(Intercoil Spacing)
- 10 6.4 kHz
- 20 1.6 kHz
- 40 0.4 kHz
(Conductivity Ranges) 10, 100, 1,000 mS/m
(Resolution) 0.1 % of full scale
(Accuracy) +- 5% at 20 mS/m
(Noise) 0.2 mS/m (
)

- Transmitter (Tx) 15.5 X 8 X 26
- Receiver (Rx) 19 X 13.5 X 26
- Receiver & Transmitter coil 63
EM34-3XL Transmitter coil 100 cm.
2.
1.

3.9

- (10, 20 30 )
8 Transmitter (TX)
Referrence Receiver
- Transmitter Transmitter
- LEVEL Transmitter NORMAL
- Transmitter Receiver

- SEPARATION Transmitter
Transmitter ( POWER ON)

I-39

3.9 Transmitter Receiver (Coil)

- Transmitter

Transmitter
- Receiver SEPARATION
BATT+- POWER ON +-4.5 V
+6.00 V
- SEPARATION Receiver ( 3.10)

()

()

3.10 Transmitter () Receiver ()

I-40
2.

(Transmitter and Receiver Coil) 2 Horizontal Dipole Mode (
) Vertical Dipole Mode ()
(Intercoil Spacing)

(Conductivity ) mS/m
- / (Coil Mis-alignment
and spacing error)
Horizontal Dipole Mode
2
Receiver (Error)
() (Apparent Conductivity) (1-cos )
Vertical Dipole Mode 2 45
Transmitter ( cos +45 )
Horizontal Dipole Mode
( 3.11)

3.11

I-41
- (Electrical Interference)



(Noise)
Conductivity Range

3. (Taking a Reading)

(Apparent Terrain Conductivity) mS/m Vertical Dipole
Horizontal Dipole
a = 4 2 ( Hs)
woS

Hp

Hp Primary Magnetic Field

Hs Secondary Magnetic Field
W 2f , f = Frequency (Hz)
o Permeability of free space
a Apparent Conductivity
S Tx / Rx
Tx Rx

-
Receiver SEPARATION 0 (0 +- 300)
- SENSITIVITY RANGE Conductivity
70%
(Errors)
Transmitter Transmitter Receiver Receiver 0.7 1

I-42

(Sub surface geological structure)

2
1.
2.

4.1
2

4.1

I-43
1.
(Topographic Map) (Geomorphology)
(Linearment)


2.





(Pseudo section)
3.

2

4. (Appearance
Resistivity) (Layer)

5.
(Potential Electrode)

6.

4.2

I-44
1.

2.


, 2550, ,
,
, 2539, (Airborne Geophysical Surveys),
, , ,
,
, 2551, ( 2/10)
1000-2550 4000-2550

, 2551, ( 3/10)
1000-2550 4000-2550

SYSCAL (v 11.5++) Resistivity-meter with automatic voltage switch, Multi-Electrode
Mode, Users manual, 2005, France
The SuperStingTM with SwiftTM automatic resistivity and IP system, Instruction Manual,
Advanced Geosciences, Inc., Austin, Texus
it.geol.science.cmu.ac.th/gs/courseware/.../Geophysics1_Intro.htm
it.geol.science.cmu.ac.th/gs/staff/pisanu/.../NewBook4x-Electromag.doc
www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G228378Lect0510EM1.pdf

1
2
2.1
(Resistivity Method)
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2
(Electromagnetric Method)
2.2.1
2.2.2

II-1
II-3
II-3
II-4
II-5
II-6
II-8
II-8
II-11

II-12
1 . .

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
2
1.7
2 . . .

2.1
2.2
2.3

II-14
II-14
II-14
II-14
II-16
II-18
II-18
II-19
II-22

II-25
II-25
II-25


2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2
2.7

II-25
II-27
II-28
II-28
II-30
II-31

3 . . .

50
3.1
II-33
3.2
II-33
3.3
II-33
3.4
II-33
3.5
II-35
3.6
II-36
3.6.1
II-36
3.6.2
2
II-38
3.7
II-39
4 . . (Tertiary)

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6

II-42
II-42
II-42
II-42
II-45
II-47


4.6.1
4.6.2
2
4.7

II-47
II-49
II-49

5 . .
5.1
II-53
5.2
II-53
5.3
II-53
5.4
II-53
5.5
II-55
5.6
II-57
5.7
II-58
6 . . .

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
3

II-61
II-61
II-61
II-61
II-63
II-65
II-69
II-71


2-1
2-2
2-3 -
2-4 ()-()

2-5

2-6
(Klein and Lajoie, 1980)
2-7
Horizontal loop EM
2-8 EM MaxMin

II-4
II-5
II-6
II-7
II-9
II-10
II-10
II-11

1-1
II-14
1-2
II-15
1-3
II-16
1-4 ()-()
Schlumberger
II-17
1-5 dipole-dipole
II-17
1-6 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole
II-18
1-7 (pseudo cross section)

II-19
1-8 (pseudo cross section)
2
II-19
1-9 ()-()
II-20
1-10
II-21
2-1
II-26
2-2
II-27

II-27

2-3
2-4
Schlumberger
II-27
2-5 2
dipole-dipole
II-27
2-6
IP2Win
II-28
2-7 (pseudo cross section)
2
II-30
3-1

II-33
3-2
II-34
3-3 ()-()
Schlumberger
II-35
3-4 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole
II-36
3-5
II-36
3-6

II-39
4-1
II-42
4-2
II-43
4-3
II-45
4-4
2
II-46
4-5 ()-()
II-46
4-6 ()-()
2
II-47
4-8 ()-() Pseudo section
Surfer8
II-48

9 ()-()
2
5-1
5-2
5-3 ()-()
5-4 ()-()
Schlumberger
5-5 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole
5-6 Rinvert
5-7
AGI Earth Imager 2D
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4 MaxMin
6-5 (Pseudo section)

6-6 Rinvert 3.2
6-7 Response parameter diagram
5-15

6-8 Geophysics Profile

II-49
II-53
II-54
II-55
II-56
II-56
II-57
II-57
II-62
II-63
II-64
II-65
II-66
II-66
II-68
II-69


1-1 2
2-1
2-2 2
3-1
3-2 2
4-1 2
5-1 2
6-1
6-2 2

II-22
II-28
II-31
II-37
II-40
II-51
II-58
II-67
II-70

II-1

(Surface geophysical survey)

2554
3 1
-



-

2 3



2
6
1: . .;

2: . 8 . . .;

3: . . .;

50
4: . .; Tertiary

5: . .;

6: . . .;

II-2
1 5 (1)
( Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES) (2)
2 (2D Imagine) 6
( Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
Max-Min (Electromagnetic method)

II-3

2.1 (Resistivity Method)

(physical properties)

geophysical model
geological model


surface electrical-resistivity ,method seismic ,method gravity ,method electromagnetic method magnetic method 2
surface electrical-resistivity method electro-magnetic method
(Geophysics Method)

- 2 1)

2) -
()


( 2-1)

II-4

2-1
2.1.1

(Conductivity)
(Resistivity)


surface electrical-resistivity method
-
- (resistivity)
-



(Resistivity Meter) - (Current
electrodes) (V) (Potential electrodes)

(Resistance, R)
(K)
()
(Ohm laws)
R = V/ I
R (Resistances), []
V , []
I , []

(1)

II-5
() = KR - K (Constant)
Geometric factor K
(Electrode configuration)
2.1.2
(pegging procedures or electrode configurations or electrode
arrays or electrode layouts) (electric poles)
resistivity method
current
electrodes 2 ( C1 C2) potential electrodes 2 ( P1 P2)
7 2

1 (Part I)
1. (Schlumberger)
L AB b MN
L 5 b (L 5b) ( 2-2)
(a)
(2)

2-2
2. - (Dipole-dipole)
AB = MN = a AB
MN = na ( 2-3) (a)
(3)

II-6

2-3 -
2.1.3
( 2-4)
1. (Resistivity meter) Super Sting R8/IP
2. (Multi-electrode system)
4 1,375
3. Switch box
4. (Resistivity meter) IRIS SYSCAL R-1 plus
5. 300 2
6. 4
7. (Electrode) 56
8. 4
9. (GPS)

II-7

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()
2-4 ()-()

II-8
2.2 (Electromagnetric Method)


(paleo-chanals)
50

very low frequency electro-magnetic (VLF-EM) wave
(anomaly areas)
electrical-resistivity
method seismic refraction EM method
()





(noises)

2.2.1

( 2-5)
H = B/
H (/)
B

II-9

2-5

(Transmitter coil) (Primary magnetic field)

( Eddy
Current )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
( 2-6) (Receiver Coil)
Transmitter ( Primary Magnetic field )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
Phase Amplitude
(Transmitter)

II-10

2-6 (Klein and Lajoie, 1980)

( Frequency-domain
electromagnetic, FDEM)
Sinusoidal waveform Sine wave
Active
Near-field
(Coil configuration)
Horizontal loop EM 2-7

()

()

2-7 Horizontal loop EM

II-11
2.2.2
( 2-8)

2-8 EM MaxMin

II-12

II-13

1
. .

II-14
1.1
()
1.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)
1.3

30

1.4




( 1-1)

1-1

II-15
2 (Terrace
sediment) 1.6 100,000

(Fluviatile and alluvial fan environment)

30-60
(Alluvial sediments) 10,000

(Flood plain, channels) (Alluvial fan)

30-60 ( 1-2)

1-2


6
2 (Qfd)

25 - 40 10 - 20
/ 2

(Qyt)
40 60 5 15 / ( 1-3)

II-16

1-3
1.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 50 ( 1-4) 2
- (electrode) 2 4
2 30-40 1
56 112 roll along
56 ( 1-5 1-6)

II-17

()

()

()

()

1-4 ()-() Schlumberger

1-5 dipole-dipole

II-18

()

()

()

()

1-6 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole

1.6
1.6.1
log-log scale
X Y
(pseudo cross section) ( 1-7)
30-50 10-20
-
A1-A4

II-19

1-7 (pseudo cross section)

1.6.2 2
2 AGI Advanced Geosciences, Inc
EarthImager 2D ( 1-8)
4.9-143 - inversion 5-200
- 30-50 - -3
3-8
5-12 - 9-28
100-200 -
28-40
5-10 -
30-50 -

1-8 (pseudo cross section) 2

II-20

()

()

()

()

()

()

1-9 ()-()

II-21

1-10

II-22
( 1-9 1-10)
2553

25-30 (fining upward
sequences) 5-8
8-25
15-20
1-2
8-10 12-15


(unconfined aquifer)
1.7
2
5-15
- 30-50 -
100-200 -
2


2 1-1
1-1 2
VES
2D Imagine

-
- 200
-

-

Earthimager 2D

II-23
1-1 ()

-

-

-
-

II-24

2
. . .

II-25
2.1
8
2.2

(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)

2 (2D Imagine)
2.3

2.4

200
( 2-1)

2
610 1,000
(Quaternary)
(Qa) ( 2-2)


2-10 /
1,500 / ( 2-3)

II-26

2-1

II-27

2-2

2-3

2.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 150-200 ( 2-4) 2
- (electrode) 9
70-80 1 56 495 ( 2-5)

2-4
Schlumberger

2-5 2
dipole-dipole

II-28
2.6
2.6.1 (Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
7
30-370 - inversion
IP2Win ( 2-6 2-1)

2-6 IP2Win

2-1
(.) (.)

NJ1

NJ2

NJ3

0-1.49
1.49-20.9
20.9-43
430-0.29
0.29-0.93
0.93-2.31
2.31-91.2
91.20-0.93
0.93-6
6-56.7

1.49
19.4
22.1
17.4
0.29
0.63
1.38
88.9
0.93
5.06
50.7

(-)
427
41.4
103

88.2
656
9.06
46.5
4.61
467
33.6
50.4

II-29
2-1 ()
(.) (.)
NJ4

NJ5

NJ6

NJ7

50.70-0.39
0.39-2.29
2.29-5.59
5.59-12.7
12.70-0.32
0.32-12.6
12.6-20.1
20.1-46.8
46.80-0.30
0.30-0.85
0.85-5.97
5.97-12.1
12.1-53
530-0.82
0.82-17
17-43.2
43.2

0.39
1.98
3.3
7.09
0.32
12.3
7.51
26.7
0.30
0.55
5.12
6.14
40.9
0.82
16.2
26.2

(-)
24.6
24,742
466
8.99
200
29.1
236
51.1
17.7
121
0.22
165
569
68.8
14
85.9
0.14
140
21.9
120
1.34

3 150-500-

3-7 40-90
- 7-40
100-200 -
40 1-5 -

II-30
2.6.2 2
- electrode 9 56
85 1 492
( 2-7)

2-7 (pseudo cross section) 2

20-100 -
inversion 10-300 -
20 20-30 -
20-60 40-60 60
10-20 -

NHJ-3 60
-
0-14 16-25 35-47
2 47

3 /

II-31
2.7
2

1-5 - 30-50 100-200 -
300-500 -
40

2 2-2
2-2 2
VES
2D Imagine

- -
-

-
- 200
-

- -
-

-

-

-

-

II-32

3
. . .

50

II-33
3.1

3.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)
3.3

50
3.4

0664238 E 1774256 N 1: 50,000 5141 III
45 ( 3-1)

3-1

2 (Terrace sediment) 1.6
100,000
(Fluviatile and alluvial fan environment)


30-60 (Alluvial sediments)

II-34
10,000
(Flood plain, channels)
(Alluvial fan)
30-60

6
(Qfd)

25-30 10-20 / ( 3-2)

3-2

II-35
3.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 150-200 ( 3-3) 2
-
100-200 (electrode) 2
4 2 30-40
1 56 112 roll along
56 ( 3-4)

()
()
3-3 ()-() Schlumberger

()

()

II-36

()

()

3-4 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole

3.6
3.6.1
11
30 - 370 -
inversion IP2Win ( 3-5 3-1)

3-5

II-37
3-1

(.)

(.)

(-)

KH1

0-2.44
2.44-5.432
5.432-14.72
14.72
0-1.91
1.91-4.45
4.45-10.4
10.4-15.8
15.8
0-0.345
0.345-4.59
4.59-10.9
10.9-46
46
0-1.08
1.08-12.8
12.8-29.8
29.8
0-0.6
0.6-2.67
2.67-5.63
5.63-12.2
12.2
0-1.44
1.44-3.46
3.46-10.1
10.1-21.5
21.5
0-2.02
2.02-6.77
6.77-28

2.44
2.992
9.289
*inf
1.91
2.54
5.96
5.38
*inf
0.345
4.25
6.34
35.1
*inf
1.08
11.7
17
*inf
0.6
2.07
2.96
6.53
*inf
1.44
2.02
6.62
11.5
*inf
2.02
4.76
21.2

28.9
3.792
38.48
12.58
16.9
4.38
21.7
2.89
37.2
104
4.49
10.1
20.5
1.89
64.3
7.32
20.2
7.63
9.16
6.23
27.3
4.21
16.1
38.5
6.18
26.6
2.8
44.9
0.982
17.3
10.1

KH2

KH3

KH4

KH5

KH6

KH7

II-38
3-1 ()

KH8

KH9
KH10

(.)

(.)

>28
0-0.82
0.82-17
17-43.2
43.2
0-1.967
1.967-20.13
20.13
0-1.12
1.12-2.28
2.28-9.91
9.91-20.1
20.1

*inf
0.82
16.2
26.2
1.967
18.16
*inf
1.12
1.16
7.63
10.2
*inf

(-)
26.1
140
21.9
120
1.34
37.41
9.8
34.41
27.7
5.01
19.5
10.5
15.3

6 20-30 -
6-25
40-80 - 25
5-10 -
3.6.2 2

35-40

-
222 7.4-228 -
inversion ( 3-6) 5-200 -
2 50-100 -
2-13
5-10 - 13-30
80-200 -
25-30 -


-12
12-40

II-39

3-6
3.7.
2
1-5 30-50 -
10-15 -
40
2 3-2

II-40
3-2 2
VES

- 200
-

2D Imagine
-

Earthimager 2D

2

-
-

II-41

4
. .
(Tertiary)

II-42
4.1

(
)
4.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)
4.3

4.4

320
400-1,100
( 4-1)

4-1

II-43
(Graben) 2
(Normal fault) -

13
( 4-2)
P2

P3

TR_pt

TR_p

4-2
TR_h

TR_d
TR_pd

II-44
T


Qt

Qa

PR_v -

Bs


( 3) 3

Qcl
15-40 2-10
Qyt
15-40 2-10

Qot
90-120 150 2-10
20

Tsc
20-60 2

II-45

4-3

Pc 20-60
2-10
10
Pcms
20-70
2
Bs
20-70
2
Vc
40-60 2

4.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)
AB/2 200 156
2 (Electrode) 9 1 56
504 roll along 12 ( 4-4 4-6)

II-46

4-4
2

()

()

4-5 ()-()

II-47

()

()

()

()

4-6 ()-() 2
4.6
4.6.1
156


Ipi2win
Pseudo section Surfer8
13 ( 4-7)

()

()

II-48

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()
4-8 ()-() Pseudo section
Surfer8

II-49
4.6.2 2
2 AGI Advanced Geosciences, Inc
EarthImager 2D
12 ( 4-8)

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

9 ()-() 2
4.7
2
156
2 12

II-50
-
1-15 -
100-200 -
20-50 -
- 100200 -
50-70 -
70-150 -
20
100
10-50 -

2

- 1-15 -
- 20-50 -
- 100-200 -
- 10-50 -
- 50-70 -

- 70-150 -
- 100-200 -
2 4-1

II-51
4-1 2
VES

2D Imagine

- 200
-

-



Earthimager 2D
2

-

-

-
-

II-52

5
. .

II-53
5.1


10 20
15
5.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)
5.3

5.4
70

343

2
30 ( 5-1)

5-1

II-54
-

(Anticline) 10-25
343 ( 5-2)
2

2 .. .
Quartzitic sandstone Limestone


Quartzitic sandstone
( 5-3)

5-2

II-55

()

()

()

()

5-3 ()-()
5.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)
AB/2 200 50
2 -
(Electrode) 9 1 56
504 roll along 2 ( 5-4 5-6)

II-56

()

()

5-4 ()-() Schlumberger

()

()

()

()

5-5 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole

II-57
5.6
Rinvert 3.2
2
Earth Imager 2D
( 5-6 5-7)

5-6 Rinvert

5-7 AGI Earth Imager 2D

II-58
5.7

100-500 -
(anomaly)
(fracture zone) (fault Zone) 29-30
(574351E, 1052046N) , 60 (574105E, 1052182N)
97-106 (573908E, 1052445N-573866E, 1052514 N)

40-60 100-110

42-65 2-8 /

2



5-1

5-1 2
VES

2D Imagine

- 200
-

Earthimager 2D
2

II-59
5-1 ()
VES

2D Imagine
-
-

II-60

6
. . .

II-61
6.1
(
) 1
6.2
(Resistivity Sounding Method)
MaxMin (Electromagnetic Method)
6.3

6.4

48 1
3



3
2


-


( 6-1)

2 (Consolidated
aquifers)

(Unconsolidated aquifers)


( 6-2)

II-62

6-1

II-63

6-2
6.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)

14 100 100
MaxMin 5
Transmitter Receiver 100
10 60
8 Horizontal loop EM MaxMin I
EM Tx-Rx 100 (coil separation)

II-64
Geophysical cross section
( 6-3 6-4)

6-3

II-65

6-4 MaxMin
6.6
6.1.1
(Pseudo
section) Surfer8
Rinvert 3.2
( 6-5 6-1)

II-66
6.6.2 MaxMin
Response parameter diagram
( 6-7 6-8)

6-5 (Pseudo section)

6-6 Rinvert 3.2

II-67

6-1

(.)

(.)

(-)

X5

0-0.67
0.67-2.3
2.3-2.84
2.84-33.56
33.56
0-0.28
0.28-1.12
1.12-13.6
13.6-41.34
41.34
0-0.34
0.34
3.94-44.14
44.14
0-0.74
0.74-4.07
4.07-94.72
94.72
0-0.76
0.76-1.05
1.05-19.2
19.19
0-12.89
12.89-28.31
28.31
0-1.28
1.28-6.5
6.5-16.27
16.27
0-1.42
1.42-3.7

0.67
1.64
0.54
30.72
*inf
0.28
0.83
12.5
27.7
*inf
0.34
3.94
40.2
*inf
0.74
3.33
90.65
*inf
0.76
0.29
18.14
*inf
12.89
15.42
*inf
1.28
5.2
9.77
*inf
1.42
2.28

831.1
1516
19.48
789.2
12
213.5
630.8
153.4
560
23
1223
1533
37.53
205.6
473.6
1530
33.4
215.4
232.7
5567
461.2
77.56
437.6
13.95
282
243.7
1205
5.6
281.8
363
1203

X6

X7

X8

X10

X11
X13

X14

II-68
6-1 ()

X15

X19

(.)
3.7-50.55
50.55
0-0.13
0.13-4.42
4.42-34.47
34.47-48.18
48.18
0-0.69
0.69-1.69
1.69-54.98
54.98

(.)
46.84
*inf
0.13
4.28
30.05
13.71
*inf
0.69
0.99
53.29
*inf

(-)
34.37
299.5
490
1659
70.4
15.28
453.1
58.1
465.3
50.85
1463

6-7 Response parameter diagram 5-15

II-69

6-8 Geophysics Profile

6.7
250 -
20-30 50-250 -
30-50
MaxMin 5/27
0-30 0.03-0.47 / 4060 0.01-0.39 /
60 0.23-0.33 /
2 6-2

II-70
6-2 2
VES

2D Imagine

-
-

- 200
-
4-5
-

- 50

II-71

3

3.1



200-300





3.2 2






-
3.3 MaxMin

50




(noises)


, 2544,
6 , 2, ,
328
, 2551 (6 /10):
1000-2550 7000-2550
, , 59
, 2551 (7 /10):
1000-2550 12000-2550
, , 241
, 2546 . : .
373 .