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N TP HC K I
MN HA KHI 11 (BAN C BN)

CHNG 1: S IN LI
1. Cht in li: Cht in li l nhng cht tan trong nc to thnh dung dch dn in c. Mui,
baz v axit thuc loi cht in li.
2. Cht khng in li:L nhng cht m dung dch khng dn in c. Dung dich ru etylic,
ng saccaroz... l nhng cht khng in li.
Gii thch tnh dn in ca dung dich cht in li: l do trong dung dich ca chung co cac tiu phn mang
i n tch chuyn ng t do c goi l cac ion.
3. S in li: S in li l s phn li thnh ion dng v ion m ca phn t cht in li khi tan trong
nc. S in li c biu din bng phng trnh goi l phng trnh in li.
Ion
Ion
dng(Cation)
m(anion)
Axit
Hiro
V
gc axit
Baz

Hiroxit
kim loi
Mui
kim loi

gc axit
4. Cht in li mnh. Cht in li yu.
Cht in li mnh l cht phn li gn nh hon ton. VD: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, KOH,
Ba(OH)2
Cht in li yu l cht ch phn li mt phn s phn t hoa tan, phn con li vn tn ti di dng
phn t. VD: H2S, CH3COOH
5. Axit, baz va mui theo A-r-ni-ut
Nh bit, axit l nhng cht m phn t gm hiro lin kt vi gc axit, baz l nhng cht m phn
t gm cation kim loi lin kt vi anion hiroxit. Da vo qua trnh in li ca axit v baz, co th inh
ngha chung nh sau : axit l nhng cht khi tan trong nc th to thnh ion H + ; baz l nhng cht khi
tan trong nc th to thnh ion OH . inh ngha ny m t ung hin tng nhng khng nu ln c
bn cht ca axit, baz v vai tr ca nc.
Axit, baz v mui theo Pronxtet Axit l nhng cht co kh nng cho proton, Baz l nhng cht co kh
nng nhn proton. Phn ng axitbaz l phn ng ho hc trong c s cho v nhn proton.
Hiroxit lng tinh l hiroxit c c hai kh nng cho hoc nhn proton, ngha l va l axit, va l
baz VD Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3
Mui l hp cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation kim loi. Co th coi mui l sn phm ca phn
ng axit-baz, bao gm Mui axit v Mui trung hoa
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
hay Zn(OH)2 + 2H+ Zn2+ + 2H2O
H2ZnO2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O hay H2ZnO2 + 2OH ZnO22- + 2H2O
Nng ca ion H+ Trong nc nguyn cht, nng mol/l ca ion H + (hoc H3O+) bng nng ion
OH, v bng: [ H+ ] = [OH] = 10 -7 mol/l
Khi nim v pH: Nu biu din nng ion H+ ca dd di dng h thc nh sau: [ H+] =10-a (mol/l)
th s tr a c coi l pH ca dung dch, hay pH = a.
[H+](M) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14
I
pH =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
Cn c vo thang pH ta co th kt lun :
- Nc nguyn cht hay dung dich trung tnh co pH = 7
- Dung dich axit co pH < 7, cng nh nu axit cng ln.
- Dung dich baz co pH > 7, cng ln nu baz cng ln
Cach xac inh pH
Thng thng pH c xac inh bng cht ch thi mu, o l nhng cht thay i mu ty theo gia tri
pH ca dung dich. Th d, qu tm i mu hng khi pH < 5, khng i mu khi pH = 7, v i thnh mu
xanh khi pH > 8 ; phenolphtalein khng mu khi pH < 8, co mu tm trong khong pH t 8-10, v i
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thnh mu khi pH > 10. Ngi ta cn pha ch hn hp gm nhiu cht ch thi, m mu thay i t pH
= 1 n pH = 14. Khi cn xac inh chnh xac pH ngi ta dng may o pH.
[H+] = 10-a pH = a ; [H+] = X.10-a pH = a - lgX
VD: [H+] = 10-3 pH = 3 ; [H+] = 5.10-3 pH = 3 - lg5
[OH-] = 10-a pH = 14 a ; [OH-] = X10-a pH = 14 a + lgX
[OH-] = 10-2 pH = 14 2 ; [OH-] = 510-2 pH = 14 2 + lg5
Cn c vo thang pH ta co th kt lun :
- Nc nguyn cht hay dung dich trung tnh co pH = 7
- Dung dich axit co pH < 7, cng nh nu axit cng ln.
- Dung dich baz co pH > 7, cng ln nu baz cng ln
Cch xc nh pH: Thng thng pH c xac inh bng cht ch thi mu, o l nhng cht thay i mu
ty theo gia tri pH ca dung dich. Th d, qu tm i mu hng khi pH < 5, khng i mu khi pH = 7,
v i thnh mu xanh khi pH > 8 ; phenolphtalein khng mu khi pH < 8, co mu tm trong khong
pH t 8-10, v i thnh mu khi pH > 10. Ngi ta cn pha ch hn hp gm nhiu cht ch thi, m
mu thay i t pH = 1 n pH = 14. Khi cn xac inh chnh xac pH ngi ta dng may o pH.
Tinh axit, baz ca dung dch mui:
CHNG 2: NI T - PHOTPHO
Phn nhom chnh nhom V gm nm nguyn t ghi trong bng di y :
Tn nguyn t
K hiu hoa hoc
Z Cac lp electron
Ban kinh
m in
nguyn t
Nit
N
7 2 5
0.7
3
Photpho
P
15 2 8 5
1.1
2.1
Asen
As
33 2 8 18 5
1.21
2.0
Stibi (Antimon)
Sb
51 2 8 18 18 5
1.41
1.8
Bitmut
Bi
83 2 8 18 32 18 5
1.46
1.8
Ta s ch nghin cu hai nguyn t quan trong l nit v photpho.
I. Tinh cht ca nit N2: l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng vi, chim khong 4/5 th tch
khng kh v nh hn khng kh tan rt t trong nc, hoa lng -195.8 oC v hoa rn -210oC. Nit
khng duy tr s chay v s h hp.
1. Tc dng vi hidro t0 trn 4000C co Ni lm xuc tac
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 + Q
2. Tc dng vi oxi: 30000C ( hoc co tia la in) N2 hoa hp vi O2 to ra nit oxit, NO.
NO + O2 NO2 - Q
nhit thng, NO hoa hp ngay vi oxi trong khng kh to ra cht co mu nu l nit ioxit
2NO + O2 2NO2 (mu nu )
Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn bit co cac oxit khac na ca nit (cac oxit ny khng iu ch c t phn
ng trc tip ca N2 v O2): N2O N2O3, N2O5
3. iu ch va ng dng ca nit
-Trong CN ngi ta co iu ch N2 bng cach ct phn on khng kh lng. H nhit xung rt thp
khng kh hoa lng. Sau o nng nhit ln dn n 196 0C th N2 si v bay ln, cn li O 2(t0si1830C).
-Trong PTN N2 tinh khit nghin cu, c iu ch bng cach un nong dung dich amomi nitrit bo
ha (NH4NO2 l mui ca axit nitr HNO2): NH4NO2 2H2O + N2
II. M t s hp cht ca Nit.
1. Amoniac NH3 l mt cht kh khng mu, mi khai v xc, nh hn khng kh. Co th thu amoniac
bng cach y khng kh. Amoniac hoa lng -340C v hoa rn -780C, tan c nhiu nht trong nc.
Tinh cht ho hc ca amoniac: Dung dich NH3 co tac dng lm cho phenolphtalein t khng mu
chuyn thnh mu tm, lm cho qu tm i thnh mu xanh.
a. S phn hy: Amoniac phn hy nhit 600-7000C v ap sut thng. 2NH3 N2 + 3H2
b. Tc dng vi nc H2O + NH3 NH4+ + OH- dung dch amoniac l mt dung dch baz yu
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c. Tc dng vi axit NH3 + HCl NH4Cl Amoniac l mt baz.

d. Tc dng vi cht oxi ha.
a) Tc dng vi O2. 4NH3 + 3O2 2N2 + 6H2O + Q NH3 chay trong O2
Khi co cht xuc tac v nhit 8500C:
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O + Q
b) Tc dng vi Cl2. Dn kh NH3 vo bnh kh Cl2, NH3 t bc chay to ra ngon la co khoi trng
2NH3 + 3Cl2 6HCl + N2 NH3 chay trong Cl2 to khoi trng l nhng ht nh tinh th NH4Cl
e. Tc dng vi dung dch mui ca kim loi ma hiroxit la cht khng tan.
VD 3NH3 + 3H2O + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
2. Mui amoni: Cng nh cac mui natri, mui kali..., tt cac mui amoni u tan. Trong dung dich,
mui amoni in li gn nh hon ton. NH4NO3 NH4+ + NO3
a. Phn ng trao i ion: (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH 2NH3 + 2H2O + Na2SO4 Hay NH4+ + OH NH3 + H2O

Da vo tnh cht ny nhn bit ion amoni v iu ch NH3 trong phng th nghim.
b. Phn ng phn hy: Mui amoni d bi phn hy bi nhit.
NH4Cl NH3 + HCl ; NH4NO2 2H2O + N2 ; NH4NO3 2H2O + N2O
Tm quan trng ca amoniac: NH3 co nhiu ng dng, c bit trong nng nghip. Dung dich amoniac
co th dng trc tip lm phn bon. T amoniac co th iu ch ra cac mui amoni m ng dng ch yu
l phn bon. Ngoi ra, cn iu ch c HNO3 v nhiu hoa cht khac nh ure, xoa...
3. Axit nitric: HNO3
a. Tnh cht vt l: l mt cht lng khng mu, bc khoi trong khng kh m, si khong 86 0C. Tan
trong nc theo bt k t l no, khi un nong HNO 3 phn hy sinh ra H2O, NO2 v O2 . Ngay nhit
thng no phn hy mt phn, do vy HNO3 thng co mu vng do co ln NO2. Dung dich c nht
co nng l 68%. Axit nitric d gy bng v co tac dng pha hy da, giy, vi...
b. Tnh cht ho hc ca axit nitric
b1. Tinh cht axit: Dung dich HNO3 co cac tnh cht c trng ca dd axit: (5tnh cht c bn)
b2. Tinh cht oxi ha mnh.
a) Vi kim loi: oxi hoa c hu ht cac kim loi tr Pt v Au
Cu + 4H+ + 4 NO3 Cu2+ + 2NO3 + 2NO2 + 2H2O (HNO3 long th kh bay ra l NO)
dung dch HNO3 c v ngui khng tc dng vi Fe v Al
b) Vi phi kim: Dung dich HNO3 co th oxi hoa mt s phi kim nh S, C, P... cac phi kim bi oxi hoa ti
mc cao nht. Th d, cho tng giot dung dich HNO3 c vo than ung nong, than bng chay
4HNO3 + C 2H2O + CO2 + 4NO2 Than bng chay
6HNO3 + S H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O Lu hunh tan nhanh
iu ch axit nitric
PTN: Cho dung dich H2SO4 c tac dng vi dung dich mui nitrat th d NaNO3 v un nong nh :
NaNO3 + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HNO3
( thu c HNO3, ngi ta chng ct dung dich trong chn khng)
TCN: Nguyn liu chnh l NH3 v O2.
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O + Q.
Cho nit oxit hoa hp vi oxit ca khng kh nhit thng 2NO + O2 2NO2
Tip theo, cho nit ioxit hoa hp vi nc trong iu kin co oxi 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3
Bng phng phap ny iu ch c dung dich HNO3 khong 50%.
**Tm quan trng ca axit nitric: l mt trong nhng hoa cht c bn c dng vo vic sn xut cac
mui nitrat (mui ny co nhiu ng dng m ch yu l lm phn bon hoa hoc), thuc n, phm nhum
v dc phm.
4. Mui nitrat: Mui nitrat l mui ca axit HNO3: NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 , AgNO3... th rn,
mui nitrat l nhng tinh th ion. Tt c cac mui nitrat u tan trong nc v l nhng cht in li mnh.
nhn bit dung dich mui nitrat, ngi ta cho Cu + HCldd:
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO (hoa nu) + 4H2O
Khi nung nong, mui nitrat bi phn hy. Mui ca nhng kim loi mnh th phn hu thnh nitrat v oxi,
Mui ca mt s kim loi th phn hy thnh oxit kim loi, nit ioxit v oxi. V vy, nhit cao mui
nitrat l ngun cung cp oxi, v l nhng cht oxi hoa mnh. Cho mui nitrat vo than nong , than bng
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chay. Hn hp mui nitrat v cht hu c d dng bt chay v chay mnh. Thuc sung en l hn hp
gm 75% KNO3, 10% S v 15% C.
III. Tinh cht ca photpho
Hai dng th hnh quan trong ca nguyn t photpho l photpho trng v photpho .
1. Photpho trng l khi trong sut trng ging nh sap, co cu truc mng tinh th lp phng, trong
tinh th cac nguyn t P lin kt vi nhau thnh tng n vi cu truc gm 4 nguyn t nm bn nh
ca mt hnh t din u. Mi nguyn t P co ba lin kt cng hoa tri vi ba nguyn t P khac. P trng
mm, d nong chy(440C), d bay hi (si 2870C), khng tan trong nc, nhng tan trong mt s dung
mi khng cc nh benzen... Ptrng rt c. Hn na no li rt d gy bng. V vy phi ht sc cn thn
khi dng Ptrng.
2. Photpho l mt cht bt mu , co cu truc phc tp. Nguyn t P no cng co ba lin kt vi
nguyn t P ln cn. Do cu to nh vy, P kho nong chy hn, trong khong t 500 0 C n 6000C no
mi t t hoa lng, v nu thc hin di ap sut cao no s thng hoa. P khng tan trong bt k dung
mi no. Khac vi Ptrng, P khng c. Di tac dng ca nhit hoc anh sang Ptrng chuyn dn
thnh P. Ngc li, khi nung nong di ap sut cao lm cho P thng hoa, ri ngui th hi ca no
ngng t li thnh Ptrng.
3. Tinh cht ho hc ca photpho
a. c trng cho tnh hot ng ca photpho l kh nng d bi oxi hoa. Photpho tac dng d dng vi
O2 v bi oxi hoa ti mc cao nht, +5.
4P + 5O2 2P2O5
Ngay iu kin thng Ptrng bi oxi hoa t t bi oxi ca khng kh ( bo qun Ptrng phi
ngm no trong nc). S oxi hoa chm ny km theo anh sang phat ra, mu lc nht, nhn thy c khi
trong ti. Trong trng hp ny, nng lng ca phn ng khng phat ra di dng nhit nh a s cac
phn ng khac m di dng anh sang. Hin tng nh th c goi l s pht quang ho hc. Nhit
trn 400C, Ptrng t bc chay trong khng kh.
P khng bi oxi hoa trong iu kin thng (do o khng co hin tng phat quang). No ch bc chay
trong khng kh khi un nong ti 2500C. Pcng tng tac d dng vi cac phi kim khac nh halogen, lu
hunh cho nhng sn phm trong o no co s oxi hoa dng (photpho bi oxi hoa). Ngoi ra, photpho cn
co th bc chay trong nhng cht oxi hoa mnh.
b. Trong trng hp cht vi kim loi v hidro nh Ca3P2, Zn3P2..., PH3, photpho co s oxi hoa 3. PH3,
photphin l mt cht kh rt c, so vi NH 3, PH3 km bn hn, c th l PH3 rt kho iu ch trc tip
c bng phn ng gia P v H2. PH3 li d bi oxi hoa hn. nhit 1500, PH3 t bc chay trong
khng kh theo phn ng: 2PH3 + 4O2 P2O5 + 3H2O
Nu co ln hp cht iphotphin P2H4 th PH3 t bc chay ngay trong khng kh iu kin thng (tnh
cht ny gii thch mt hin tng i khi gp ngha ia ni co PH 3 thoat ra t nhng t thi ang thi
ra m v m tn ngi ta cho rng o l ma tri).
c. ng dng va iu ch photpho
- Phn ln P c dng iu ch axit photphoric theo s : P P2O5 H3PO4. P c dng
ch to dim. Thuc gn que dim gm mt cht oxi hoa nh KClO 3 hay KNO3 ..., mt cht d chay
nh S..., v keo dnh. Thuc qut bn cnh hp dim l bt photpho v keo dnh. tng co sat cn
thm bt thy tinh nghin min vo c hai th thuc trn. Khi qut u que dim vo lp thuc hp
dim, P nong ln v gp cht oxi hoa no lin bc chay, lm cho lu hunh bt chay ri que dim bng
g cng chay theo.
- V hot ng hoa hoc mnh nn trong t nhin photpho khng tn ti dng t do, ch thy dng
canxi photphat Ca3(PO4)2, co trong hai loi qung l apatit v photphoric. Nc ta co c hai loi qung
ny, c bit qung apatit vi thnh phn chnh l 3Ca3(PO4)2 .CaF2 vi tr lng rt ln Lo Cai.
Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch photpho bng cach nung trong l in hn hp gm canxi
photphat, silic ioxit (cat) v than.
IV. P2O5 va axit photphoric H3PO4
1. P2O5, oxit tng ng ca H3PO4: l mt cht rn, mu trng, thng hoa 3590C. P2O5 rt hao nc,
v vy no c dng lm cht kh. Khi tng tac vi nc va , no to nn axit photphoric:
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
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Trong P2O5 v H3PO4, P co s oxi hoa +5. Khac vi nit, photpho co m in nh nn bn hn mc

+5. Do vy, H3PO4 v P2O5 kho bi kh, khng co tnh cht oxi hoa nh HNO3
2. Tinh cht vt li ca axit photphoric
H3PO4 l mt cht rn, khng mu, nong chy 42.5 0C. No d chy nc (hut hi nc trong khng
kh m), v tan trong nc theo bt k t l no.
3. Tinh cht ho hc ca axxit photphoric
a. H3PO4 l mt triaxit, no co th cho mt, hai hay ba proton.
b. H3PO4 l mt axit trung bnh, no yu hn so vi cac axit HCl, H 2SO4, HNO3... Trong dung dich,
H3PO4 in li theo ba nc v ngay nc 1 cng ch in li mt phn, nc 2, nc 3 s in li li cng yu
hn. Cac phng trnh in li :
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4 ; H2PO4 H+ + HPO42 ; HPO42 H+ + PO43
Trong dung dich H3PO4, ngoi nhng phn t H3PO4 cn co cac ion H+ , H2PO4 , HPO42 v PO43.
Dung dich H3PO4 co cac tnh cht hoa hoc ca dung dich axit. C th l, dung dich H 3PO4 co tac dng
ln cht ch thi mu. Dung dich H3PO4 tac dng vi dung dich baz v oxit baz.Trong cac tng tac ny,
tu theo lng ca H3PO4 v lng cht tac dng s cho nhng sn phm mui trung ho hay mui axit.
Th d : nu t l n H3PO4 : n NaOH = 1:1, th ta co phng trnh:
H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O hay H+ + H2PO4 + Na+ + OH Na+ + H2PO4 + H2O
H3PO4 co th tac dng vi nhng kim loi co tnh kh mnh hn so vi hiro v cho kh H2 bay ra.
4. Mui photphat: co 3 mui: mui trung ho v 2 mui axit (hirophotphat v ihirophotphat). Tt c
cac mui trung ho v mui axit ca kim loi kim v amoni u tan trong nc. Vi cac kim loi khac
ch mui ihirophotphat l tan c, ngoi ra u khng tan hoc tan t trong nc.
5. iu ch va ng dng ca axit photphoric
Trong cng nghip, ngi ta iu ch H3PO4 bng cach cho dung dich H2SO4 c co d tac dng vi
canxi photphat Ca3(PO4)2 tan nh ( ly t qung apatit hoc qung photphorit):
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 2H3PO4 + 3CaSO4
CaSO4 tan t nn kt ta lng xung, H 3PO4 cn li trong dung dich. H 3PO4 iu ch c, dng sn
xut phn bon hoa hoc (phn ln).
6. Phn m: cung cp nit hoa hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat NO 3 v ion amoni NH4+. Phn m
lm tng t l ca protit thc vt, co tac dng lm cho cy trng phat trin mnh, nhanh, canh la xanh ti,
cho nhiu ht, nhiu c hoc nhiu qu. Phn m c anh gia theo t l % v khi lng ca n.t N.
a. Phn m amoni: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 ... Cac mui ny c iu ch t amoniac v axit
tng ng. Mui amoni co dng tinh th nh khng mu ( phn bit, (NH 4)2SO4 thng c nhum
mu xanh) v rt d tan. Mui amoni co kh nng lm cho t chua thm (co pH < 7), do o ch thch hp
cho loi t t chua, hoc c kh chua t trc (dng CaCO 3 hoc CaO). nhit cao hoc gp
cht baz mnh, mui amoni bi phn hy cho NH3 bay ra. Do vy, vic bo qun phn m amoni cn
ni thoang mat v tranh ln vi cac cht baz (vi sng, vi ti...). (NH4)2SO4 v NH4NO3 thuc loi phn
m c dng ph bin trn th gii. Amoni nitrat co t l % N cao (35%), tuy nhin no d chy nc
(do hut hi nc trong khng kh m) v ong cc, khng thch hp vi iu kin khng kh co m
thng kha cao Vit Nam.
b. Phn m ure(NH2)2CO: l loi phn m tt nht hin nay, co %N rt cao(46%), khng lm thay
i axit-baz ca t do o thch hp vi nhiu loi t trng. Co nhiu phng phap tng hp ure,
thng l t NH3 v CO2 ( nh may phn m H Bc, tng hp ure theo phng phap ny). Trong t,
ure bin i ln thnh amoni cacbonat theo phn ng sau: (NH 2)2CO + 2H2O(NH4)2CO3 Nhc im ca
ure l d chy nc, tuy t hn so vi mui nitrat, v vy phi bo qun ni kh rao.
c. Phn m nitrat. o l cac mui nitrat: NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2... Cac mui ny c iu ch t axit
nitric v cacbonat kim loi tng ng. Phn m nitrat d chy nc, kho bo qun.
7. Phn ln: cung cp photpho hoa hp cho cy di dng ion photphat PO43-. Phn ln c bit cn
thit cho cy thi k sinh trng, no thuc y cac qua trnh sinh hoa, qua trnh trao i cht v nng
lng ca thc vt, co tac dng lm cho cy trng cng cap, cnh la khe, ht chc, qu hoc c to. Phn
ln anh gia theo t l % khi lng P 2O5 tng ng vi lng photpho co trong thnh phn ca no.
Nguyn liu ch bin phn ln l qung apatit v photphorit, co thnh phn chnh l Ca3(PO4)2.
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a. Phn ln t nhin: Co th dng trc tip bt qung photphat lm phn bon. Ca 3(PO4)2 tuy khng tan
trong nc nhng tan c trong mt s axit hu c co sn trong t, hoc c tit ra t r mt loi cy.
V vy bt qung photphat ch c dng nhng vng t chua hoc mt s loi cy nht inh. V loi
phn ny, nc ta sn xut ph bin dng phn ln nung chy. Cach iu ch Phn ln nung chy: Trn
bt qung photphat v loi a co magie(VD a bch vn cn goi l olomit CaCO 3.MgCO3) p nh,
ri nung nhit cao, trn 10000C. Sau o lm ngui nhanh v tan thnh bt. Phn ln nung chy co
dng tinh th nh mu xanh, hi vng, trong nh thu tinh nn goi l phn ln thu tinh.
b. Supephotphat: Thng thng goi l supe ln, dng bt mu trng xam hoc sm, vi thnh phn
chnh l mui tan c, o l Ca(H2PO4)2 . Co hai loi l supe ln n v supe ln kp.
a) Supephotphat n: Trn bt qung photphat vi dung dich axit sunfuric c, phn ng sau y xy
ra: Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4
Phn ng ta nhit lm cho nc bay hi. Ngi ta thm nc va mui CaSO 4 kt tinh thnh
mui ngm nc: CaSO4 .2H2O (thch cao). Supephotphat n l hn hp ca canxi ihirophotphat v
thch cao.
b) Supephotphat kp: Trn bt qung photphat vi axit photphoric, phn ng sau y xy ra :
Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 3Ca(H2PO4)2
Trong thnh phn ca supephotphat kp khng co ln thch cao, do o t l %P2O5 cao hn.
c. Amophot.
Cho amoniac tac dng vi axit photphoric thu c hn hp NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4. Hn hp cac
mui ny co tn l amophot, no l mt th phn bon phc hp co c cac nguyn t N v nguyn t P.
Phn m nitrat dng thch hp cho nhng vng t chua v mn.
8. Phn kali: cung cp cho cy trng nguyn t kali di dng nguyn t ion K+. Phn kali giup cho
cy hp th c nhiu m hn, cn cho vic to ra cht ng, bt, cht x, cht du v tng cng sc
chng bnh, chng rt v chiu hn ca cy. Phn kali c anh gia theo t l % v khi lng ca kali
oxit K2O tng ng vi lng kali co trong thnh phn ca no.
Kali clorua KCl l loi phn kali c dng nhiu nht, co dng tinh th nh, vi rt mn v rt d tan.
Kali clorua c iu ch t nhng qung co KCl nh sinvinit, cacnalit... Sinvinit l mt hn hp gm
ch yu co KCl v NaCl. tach ring KCl v NaCl ngi ta da vo tan ca chung thay i khac
nhau khi nhit tng ln, c th l :
Nhit
200C
500C
1000C
tan ca NaCl
35,8g
37,5g
39,1g
tan ca KCl
34,7g
48,3g
56,6g
Ngoi ra, co th dng cac mui K2SO4, K2CO3 (thng goi l b tt) ... lm phn kali.
CHNG 3: CACBON - SILIC
I. Cacbon
Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p2, C th 6, chu k 2, nhom IVA. M t s dng th hnh c bn ca C l: kim
cng, than ch, fuleren. C th hi n tnh kh(ch yu) ho c tnh oxi hoa.
1. Tac dng vi O2:
C + O2 CO2 ; CO2 + C 2CO
2. Tac dng vi hp cht: HNO3 c, H2SO4 c, KClO3, cac oxit ca kim loi
3. Tac dng vi H2(co xuc tac,t0): 2H2 + C CH4
3. Tac dng vi kim loi t0cao to thnh cacbua: C + Al Al4C3
Ty theo dng th hnh, C co nhng ng dng khac nhau, VD kim cng dng lm trang sc, dao ct
knh Cac loi C khac dng lm cht kh trong luy n kim, thuc phao, thuc n en, ni nu chy cac
kim loi, than hot tnh, cht n trong sn xut cao su, mc in
II. Hp cht ca Cacbon
1. Cacbon monooxit CO: L cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng vi, rt t tan trong nc, bn vi
nhi t rt c , khng tac dng vi nc, axit, kim iu ki n thng. CO c dng lm cht kh trong
cng nghi p luy n kim. PTN CO c iu ch bng cach: HCOOH H2SO4 c, t0 CO + H2O
CN: C + H2O CO + H2 ho c C + CO2 2CO

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2. Cacbon ioxit CO2: l cht kh khng mu, khng mi, t tan trong nc, l oxit axit, trng thai rn
CO2 to thnh khi trng goi l nc a kh hay tuyt cacbonic. CO 2 khng chay v khng duy tr s
chay nn c dng d p tt cac am chay.
PTN: CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
TCN: CO2 c iu ch bng cach thu hi t qua trnh t chay than cung cp nng lng cho cac
qua trnh sn xut khac, ho c c thu hi t cac sn phm du m
3. Mui cacbonat: mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v a s mui hirocacbonat tan c trong nc,
cac mui cn li hu nh khng tan, d tac dng vi dung dich axit. Mui cacbonat dng lm cht n
trong m t s ngnh cng nghi p, NaHCO3 dng lm thuc au d dy
III. Silic va hp cht ca Silic
Silic co 2 dng th hnh l Si tinh th(l cht ban dn) v silic v inh hnh. Trong p/ hoa hoc Si va
th hi n tnh kh, va th hi n tnh oxi hoa. Si l nguyn t ph bin th 2 sau oxi, chim gn 29,5%
khi lng v trai t, tn ti ch yu dng SiO 2. Si c dng trong k thu t v tuyn, t bo quang
i n , pin m t tri
SiO2 l cht dng tinh th, khng tan trong nc, tan ch m trong kim, tan c trong HF, SiO2 l
nguyn li u sn xut thy tinh gm.
Axit Silixic l cht rn dng keo, khng tan trong nc, l axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic.
Mui Silicat: ch co silicat ca kim loi kim l tan c, dung dich m c Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 goi l
thy tinh lng. Vi ho c g tm thy tinh lng kho chay, ngoi ra thy tinh lng cn c dng ch
to keo dan thy tinh, s.
Cng nghi p Silicat bao gm cac ngnh sn xut thy tinh, gm, ximng t nhng hp cht thin
nhin ca Silic v cac hoa cht khac.
CHNG 3: AI CNG V HA HC HU C
Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon, tr: CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua
Ha hc hu c l ngnh hoa hoc chuyn nghin cu cac hp cht hu c.
Hidrocacbon l hp cht hu c trong phn t ch cha nguyn t Hidro v Cacbon
CAC CNG THC TINH C BAN
t cng thc ca hp cht l CxHyOzNt ri xac inh x, y, z, v theo hai phng phap ph bin sau y :
1. Da vao thanh phn % cc nguyn t.
V khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t t l vi thnh phn % nn ta co :

2. Tinh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t chy.

Theo s :

mC=
nC=
mH=
nH=
mN=
nN=
mO=
nO=
I-ANKAN(PARAFIN)
Cng thc phn t tng quat: CnH2n+2 n 1
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c im: No, mch h, ch gm lin kt n C-C v C-H

3 Tnh cht hoa hoc c bn l:
P/ th(u tin C b c cao):
P/ tach:
P/ chay:
nCO2 < nH2O ; nankan = nH2O - nCO2
II-XICLO ANKAN
Cng thc phn t tng quat: CnH2n n 3
c im: No, mch vng, ch gm lin kt n C-C v C-H
4 Tnh cht hoa hoc c bn l:
P/ th:
P/ tach:
P/ cng m vng (i vi vng 3: v 4):
Vng 3: H2, X2, HX
Vng 4: H2
P/ chay:
nCO2 = nH2O
III-ANKEN(OLEFIN)
Cng thc phn t tng quat: CnH2n n 2
c im: Khng no, mch h, trong phn t cha 1 lin kt i C=C
3 Tnh cht hoa hoc c bn l:
P/ trng hp:
P/ cng H2, X2, HX (HX tun theo qt Mac-cop-nhi-cop: phn m cng vo C bc cao hn hoc t H hn)
VD:
P/ oxi hoa (hon ton v khng hon ton).
-P/ chay:
-Vi KMnO4:
nCO2 = nH2O
IV-ANKAIEN
Cng thc phn t tng quat: CnH2n-2 n 3
c im: Khng no, mch h, gm 2 lin kt i C=C trong phn t.
3 Tnh cht hoa hoc c bn l:
P/ trng hp:
P/ cng H2, X2, HX (HX tun theo qt Mac-cop-nhi-cop: phn m cng vo C bc cao hn hoc t H hn):
P/ oxi hoa (hon ton v khng hon ton).
-P/ chay:
-Vi KMnO4:
nCO2 > nH2O ; nankadien = nCO2 - nH2O
IV-ANKIN
Cng thc phn t tng quat: CnH2n-2 n 2
c im: Khng no, mch h, phn t cha 1 lin kt ba C C trong phn t.
3 Tnh cht hoa hoc c bn l:
P/ cng H2, X2, HX(HX tun theo qui tc Mac-cop-nhi-cop: phn m cng vo cacbon bc cao hn hoc
t H hn, chu y phn ng c ng H2O):
P/ th bng ion kim loi:
P/ oxi hoa (hon ton v khng hon ton).
-P/ chay:
nCO2 > nH2O ; nankin = nCO2 - nH2O
-Vi KMnO4: 3CHCH + 8KMnO4 3KOOC-COOK + 8MnO2 + 2KOH + 2 H2O

BAI TP T LUN V C
Cu 1: Vit phng trnh in ly ca cac cht sau trong dung dich:
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a) Cac cht in ly mnh: HCl, HBrO4, HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, KOH, AgNO3 , Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, KCl,
NaNO3, Al(NO3)3, CuSO4, Na2SO4, BeF2, Na2CO3, AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3,
b) Cac cht in ly yu: H2O, H2S, NH4OH, HBrO, HCN, CH3COOH, HF, H2SO3, HNO2, H3PO4, H2CO3
Cu 2: Vit phng trnh in li ca cac cht sau:
a) Cac mui: NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaHS, NH4Cl, Na3PO4, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)3PO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4,
Ca(HCO3)2, Ba(H2PO4)2, NaHSO3, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4.
b) Cac hidroxit lng tnh: Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Bi(OH)3,
Cu 3: Tnh nng mol/l ca cac ion trong cac dd sau:
a) NaOH 0,05M
b) HCl 0,15M
c) Al2(SO4)3 0,05M d) Ba(OH)2 0,15M
e) Mg(NO3)2 0,15M
f) Na2SO4 0,02M
g) H2SO4 0,15M
h) (NH4)3PO4 0,2M
Cu 4: Xac inh thnh phn dd
a) Khi pha trn cac dd co s mol bng nhau: BaCl2, NaCl, AgNO3, K2SO4 s thu c ion no trong dd
sau cng?
b) Tnh CM cac ion co trong dd khi trn ln cac dd sau: 100ml dd NaCl 1M, 100ml dd AgNO 3 1,5M,
200ml dd KCl 1M.
Cu 5: Tnh nng mol/l ca cac ion trong cac trng hp sau:
a) Ho tan 3,48g K2SO4 thnh 400ml ddich b) Ha tan 9,3g Na2O vo nc c 200ml dd
c) Ho tan 8,4g CaO thnh 200ml ddich d) Ho tan 9,48g phn chua (K 2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O) thnh
400ml dd
e) Ho tan 50g CuSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c 500ml dung dich.
Cu 6: Mt dd cha cac ion: Na+ (a mol), Al3+(b mol), SO42- (c mol) v Cl- (d mol). Xac inh mi quan h
gia a, b, c v d.
Cu 7: Hon thnh cac phng trnh sau di dng phn t v ion thu gon:
a) 2HCl + Zn(OH)2 b) CuO + H2SO4
c) Ba(OH)2 + Zn(OH)2 d) NaHS + NaOH
e)NaHS + HCl
g) 2HNO3+ Mg(OH)2 h) Al(OH)3 + NaOH i) Al(OH)3 + ? AlCl3
k) K2CO3 + H2SO4 l) NaHSO3 + NaOH
m) NaHSO3 + HCl
n) SO2 + 2KOH
o) SO2 + KOH
p) CO2 + Ba(OH)2
q) CO2 + ? Ba(HCO3)2 r) 2KOH +? ZnO22s) KHCO3 +NaOH t) KHCO3+ HCl
u) Ba(HCO3)2 BaCO3 v) CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2
w) (NH4)2CO3+HCl x) (NH4)2CO3+NaOH y) NH4HCO3+NaOH
z) (NH4)2CO3+HCl
Cu 8: Hon thnh cac phng trnh sau di dng phng trnh phn t:
a) Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
b) Ba2+ + SO42-BaSO4
c) 2H+ + Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2H2O
d) AlO2- +H2O +H+ Al(OH)3 e) 2H+ + S2- H2S
g) CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
h) HCO3-+OH- CO32- +H2O i) SO2 + OH- HSO3k) Zn(OH)2+2OH- ZnO22-+2H2O
l) NH4+ + OH- NH3+H2O
m) S2- + Fe2+ FeS
n) CO32- + Ca2+ CaCO3
Cu 9: Hon thnh cac phng trnh sau di dng ion thu gon v cho v d v phng trnh phn t:
a) H+ + OH-
b) CuO + 2H+
c) 2H+ + Zn(OH)2 d) HS- + OH-
e) CO32- + 2H+
g) 2H+ + Mg(OH)2
h) Al(OH)3 + OH-
i) CO2 + 2OH-
k) SO2 + 2OH
l) HCO3 + OH
m) CO2 + OH
n) 2OH- + Zn(OH)2
o) Al2O3 + 2OH- p) Al2O3 + 6H+
q) 2OH- + Zn
r) HCO3- + H+
s) NH4+ + OH-
t) S2- + Cu2+
u) HS- + H+
v) Mg2++ 2OH-
Cu 10: Bi tp v p/ trung ho:
a) Tnh V dd HCl 0,5M cn trung ho 250ml dd NaOH 1M.
b) Tnh th tch dd HNO3 0,5M cn trung ho 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 1,5M.
c) Tnh th tch dd NaOH 1,2M cn trung ho 200ml dd H2SO4 1M.
d) Tnh th tch dd hh Ba(OH)2 1,5M cn trung ho 300ml dd hn hp H2SO4 1,5M v HCl 2M.
e) Tnh th tch dd HCl 1,2M cn trung ho 200ml dd hn hp NaOH 1M v KOH 2M.
f) Tnh th tch dd H2SO4 1,5M cn trung ho 300ml dd hn hp NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 2M.
g) Tnh Vdd hh NaOH 2M v Ba(OH)2 0,875M cn trung ho 300ml dd hh H2SO41,5M v HCl 2M.
h) Tnh t l th tch cn thc hin p/ trung ho gia 2dd NaOH 1,2M v H2SO4 1M.
Cu 11: Tnh lng mui v nng cac ion trong dd thu c khi cho 200ml dd H2SO4 1,5M vo:
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a) 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 1,2M

b) 300ml dd NaOH 2M
c) 300ml dd NaOH 3M
d) 300ml dd Ca(OH)2 1,2M
e) 100ml dd NaOH 1,5 M
f) 150ml dd KOH 0,5M
Cu 12: Tnh lng mui thu c khi dn 2,24 lit CO2 kc vo ln lt cac dd:
a) 200ml dd NaOH 1,5M
b) 100ml dd NaOH 2M
c) 180ml dd NaOH 1M
d) 140ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,5M
e) 100ml dd NaOH 1M
f) 150ml dd KOH 0,5M
g) 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 1,5M
h) 100ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,8M i) 100ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,5M
Cu 13: Tnh th tch CO2 kc trong cac trng hp sau:
a) Cho t t n d ddHCl vo 100ml ddNa2CO31,5M
b) Cho t t n d ddHCl vo 100ml ddNaHCO32M
c) Cho t t 100ml ddHCl 2M vo 200ml Na2CO3 1M
d) Cho t t 150ml ddHCl 2M vo 100ml Na2CO32M
e) Cho t t 100ml dd hh HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,4M vo 100ml Na2CO3 1M.
f) Cho t t 100ml dd hh HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M vo 100ml Na2CO3 1M v 100ml Ca(HCO3)2 0,25M, .
Cu 14: Ho tan ht 5,6g CaO vo nc thu c dd A. Dn V lt CO 2 kc vo ddA thu c 8g kt ta.
Tnh V CO2 dng.
(V=1,792 lt v 2,688 lt)
Cu 15: Toan v hidroxit lng tnh:
a) Tnh lng Zn(OH)2 ti a tan c trong ln lt cac trng hp sau:
(1) 200ml dd H2SO4 1M; (2) 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 1,2M; (3) 150ml dd KOH 0,5M; (4) 100ml dd HCl 2M
(5) hh 200ml dd H2SO4 1M v HCl 1,5M; (6) hh 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M v KOH 0,5M
b) Tnh lng kt ta thu c khi cho t t 200ml dd NaOH 3,5M vo 100ml dd Al2(SO4)3 1M.
c) Tnh m thu c khi cho t t 200ml ddhh NaOH1,5M v KOH2M vo 100ml dd Al2(SO4)31M.
d) Tnh m thu c khi cho 200ml dd hh NaOH 1,5M v Ba(OH)2 1,5M vo 200ml dd ZnCl2 2M.
Cu 16: Gii thch hin tng v vit p/ khi cho t t:
a) dd NaOH vo dd Al2(SO4)3
b) dd Al2(SO4)3 vo dd NaOH
c) CO2 vo dd Ca(OH)2. Ban u thy co kt ta, tip tc dn kh CO 2 vo, kt ta tan dn, un nong dd
li thy kt ta xut hin.
Cu 17: Cho qu tm vo ln lc cac dd sau: K 2CO3, K2SO4, NH4NO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, NaHSO4, K2S,
Al2(SO4)3, NaCl, CH3COONa. Qu tm s chuyn sang mu g?
Cu 18: Tnh pH ca cac dd sau:
a) HCl 0,001M b) HCl 0,0005M c) HNO3 0,001M d) H2SO4 0,005M e) H2SO4 0,001M
g) KOH 0,001M h) KOH 0,003M i) NaOH 0,001M k) NaOH 0,0002M l) Ba(OH)2 0,005M
m) Ba(OH)2 0,002M
n) dd Ca(OH)2 0,0015 M
o) Ca(OH)2 0,0025M
Cu 19: Tnh nng mol/l ca cac cht v ion trong cac dd sau:
a) HCl co pH = 2
b) HCl co pH = 3
c) HNO3 co pH = 4 d) H2SO4 co pH = 2
e) H2SO4 co pH = 3
f) NaOH co pH = 13
g) KOH co pH = 12 h) Ba(OH)2 co pH = 11
Cu 20: Tnh pH dd sau p khi trn ln cac dd sau:
a) Trn dd NaOH 0,03M vi ddHNO3 0,05M theo t l th tch 1:3.
b) Trn dd NaOH 0,08M vi ddHCl 0,04M theo t l th tch 3:1.
c) Trn dd NaOH 0,04M vi ddHNO3 0,02M theo t l th tch 1:2.
d) Trn dd Ba(OH)2 0,05M vi ddHNO3 0,02M theo t l th tch 1:5.
e) Trn dd Ba(OH)2 0,02M vi ddHNO3 0,01M theo t l th tch 1:3.
f) Trn dd NaOH 0,006M vi ddH2SO4 0,001M theo t l th tch 1:4.
g) Trn dd NaOH 0,04M vi ddHNO3 0,02M theo t l th tch 1:2.
Cu 21: Trn 200ml dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,01M vi 200ml dung dich Na2CO3 0,0015M.
a) Vit phng trnh ion v ion rut gon
b) Tnh nng mol cac cht, khi lng kt ta v pH dung dich thu c sau phn ng.
Cu 22: Co 250ml dd HCl 0,4M. Hi phi pha thm bao nhiu ml nc thu c dd co pH=1. Bit
rng s bin i th tch khi pha trn l khng ang k.
Cu 23:
a) Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha thnh 200ml dd co pH=12
b) Cn bao nhiu gam CaO pha thnh 200ml dd co pH=12
c) Cn bao nhiu lt kh hidroclorua (kc) khi dn vo 200ml H2O c dd co pH= 2
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d) Cn bao nhiu gam dd H2SO4 20 % pha thnh 200ml dd co pH = 2

Cu 24: Bi tp v pha long dd:
a) Mt dd NaOH co pH=13, pha long dd bng nc 100 ln s thu c dd mi co pH=?
b) Mt dd HCl co pH=2, pha long dd bng nc bao nhiu ln s thu c dd mi co pH=4
c) Mt dd NaOH co pH=13, pha long dd bng nc bao nhiu ln s thu c dd mi co pH=10
d) Mt dd HCl co pH=2, pha long dd bng nc 100 ln s thu c dd mi co pH=?
e) Cho V lit ddNaOH 1,5M vo 1lit ddH2SO4 1M. Tnh V thu c dd sau p/ co pH=3; co pH=13
Cu 25: Trn 250ml dd hh gm HCl 0,08M, v H 2SO4 0,01M vi 250ml ddBa(OH)2 a M thu c m
gam kt ta v 500ml dd co pH=12. Tnh a, m.
Cu 26: Phi trn dd X cha H2SO4 0,02M vi dd Y NaOH 0,035M theo th tch ra sao thu c ddZ
co pH=2; pH=12
Cu 27: dd no sau y tn ti? V sao?
a) Cha ng thi: 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,3 mol Cl-; 0,2 mol SO42-.
b) Cha ng thi: 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Fe2+; 0,3 mol Cl-; 0,1 mol SO42-.
c) Cha ng thi: 0,1 mol Al3+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,3 mol Cl-; 0,2 mol NO3-.
d) Cha ng thi: 0,15 mol Ba2+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,3 mol Cl-; 0,2 mol HCO3-.
e) Cha ng thi: 0,2 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Al3+; 0,3 mol Br-; 0,25 mol SO42-.
g) Cha ng thi: 0,2 mol Ba2+; 0,2 mol Ca2+; 0,3 mol CO32-; 0,1 mol AlO2-.
Cu 28: a) Mt dd cha: 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; x mol Cl-. Tnh gia tri ca x.
b) Mt dd cha: 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; x mol Cl-; y mol SO42-. C cn dd thu c 29,85g
rn khan. Tnh x, y.
c) Mt dd cha: 0,1 mol Na+; 0,15 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol Cl-; y mol SO42-. C cn dd thu c m gam
rn khan. Tnh y, m.
d) Mt dd cha: 0,1 mol Na+; x mol Mg2+; 0,3 mol Cl-; y mol SO42-. C cn dd thu c 27,35
gam rn khan. Tnh x, y.
Cu 29: ho tan hon ton 13,4g hh A gm CaCO 3 v MgCO3 cn dng 400ml ddHCl. Sau p/ thu
c 3,36 lit CO2 kc v dd X. Tnh
a) %m mi cht trong hh A
b) nng mol ca dd HCl dng
Cu 30: ho tan hon ton 7,3g hh A gm BaCO 3 v MgCO3 cn dng 200ml ddHCl. Sau p/ thu
c 1,344 lit CO2 kc v dd X. Tnh
a) %m mi cht trong hh A
b) nng mol HCl dng
c) VK2SO4 0,4M cn cho vo dd X thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh lng kt ta ny.
d) VKOH 0,5M cn cho vo dd X thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh lng kt ta thu c.
Cu 31: Cac cu hi ly thuyt v Nit
a) Vit p/ minh ho: N2 th hin tnh oxi hoa; N2 th hin tnh kh.
b) Vit p/ minh ho: NH3 th hin tnh baz; NH3 th hin tnh kh.
c) Vit p/ iu ch HNO3, mui nitrat, Nit v N2O t NH3 v cac cht thch hp.
d) Cho 5 VD khac nhau v p/ nhit phn mui Nitrat?
e) Trong cng nghip ngi ta sx HNO3 bng cach no?
Cu 32: a) Cn ly bao nhiu lt N2 v bao nhiu lt H2 (kc) iu ch 3,4g NH3, bit hspu t 30%.
b) T 10 lt N2 v 50 lt H2 thc hin p/ tng hp NH3 k thch hp thu c hn hp X. x
phn trm th tch cac kh co trong hh X bit hspu t 25%.
Cu 33: Trong cng nghip, ngi ta sn xut amoniac bng cach cho Hiro tac dng vi Nit nhit
400-500OC. Cn iu ch 33,6lit amoniac phi dng bao nhiu lit Hiro v bao nhiu lit Nit. Bit cac kh
u o cng iu kin nhit , ap sut v hiu sut phn ng l 25%.
Nu hiu sut tng ln 1,5 ln hoc gp i th cn bao nhiu lt kh H2 v bao nhiu lt N2 ?
Cu 34: Cho 15g hh 2 kim loi Al v Cu vo ddHNO31,5M th thu c 6,72 lit NO kc v ddA
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh th tch HNO3 cn dng v tnh nng mol ca mi mui thu c.
c) C cn ddA, em cht rn thu c nung n k/l khng i. Tnh th tch cac kh thu c kc.
Cu 35: Khi ha tan 3g hp kim gm Cu v Ag vo HNO3 c thu c 7,34g hn hp 2 mui. Tnh phn
trm ca mi kim loi trong hp kim.
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Cu 36: Khi ha tan 6,3g hh 2 k/loi gm Al v Mg vo HNO3long thu c 4,48 lit NO kc v ddX.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c.
c) Tnh th tch NaOH 1,5M cho vo ddX kt ta thu c l ln nht, nh nht (khng i).
Cu 37: Khi cho 7,575g hh 2 kim loi Nhm v Km vo dd HNO3 c, un nong thu c 10,08 lit kh
NO2 kc. Tnh phn trm mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
Cu 38: Cho m g hh 2k.loi Nhm v Km vo ddHNO3long thu c 6,72 lit NO kc v 70,95g mui
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh.
b) Tnh th tch dd HNO3 2M cn dng v tnh nng mol ca mi mui thu c.
c) em k.lng mui thu c i nung n khi lng khng i, tnh k/lng rn v V(kc) thu c.
Cu 39: Cho m gam hh 2kim loi Nhm v Magie vo dd HNO 3long thu c 4,48 lit kh NO kc.
Cng cho m gam hh 2kim loi trn vo dd HNO3c ngui thu c 6,72 lt kh kc.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh.
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c mi trng hp.
Cu 40: xac inh hm lng Bc trong hp kim ngi ta ha tan 1,5g hp kim o vo axit HNO 3 c,
d. X ly dd bng HCl, loc ly kt ta, ra ri xy kh, cn c 1,722g. Tnh % khi lng Bc trong
hp kim.
Cu 41: Cho 2,06g hn hp gm Fe, Al v Cu tac dng v dd HNO 3 long, d thu c 0,896lit NO duy
nht (kc). Tnh khi lng mui sinh ra.
Cu 42: a) Cho 8,277g hh gm Zn v ZnO tac dng vi dd HNO 3 long thu c 1,12lit NO kc. Tnh phn
trm ca Zn trong hh ban u, th tch dd HNO3 1,5M cn dng, khi lng v nng mol mui thu c.
b) Cho m g hh gm Zn v ZnO tac dng vi dd HNO 3 long thu c 0,8g NH4NO3 (sp kh duy nht)
v 11,34g mui Zn(NO3)2. Tnh m.
Cu 43: Cho 5,44g hh gm Cu v CuO tac dng va vi 28ml dd HNO 3 va thu c 1,344lit kh nu
00C, 2atm. Xac inh phn trm mi cht trong hh ban u v nng mol/lit ca dd HNO 3.
Cu 44: Cho 3,76g Cu(NO3)2 vo nung sau mt thi gian thy cn li 2,032g cht rn. Tnh hiu sut ca p/ v V
mi kh thu c kc.

Cu 45: Cho 17,6g hh 2 k.loi CuO v Cu vo 2lit ddHNO3 1M th thu c 2,24lit NO kc v ddA
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi cht trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh khi lng v nng mol ca mui thu c.
c) Tnh th tch NaOH 2M cn thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh lng kt ta ny.
Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 1,2g kim loi X vo dung dich HNO 3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh nit iu
kin tiu chun (gi thit phn ng ch to ra kh N2). Xac inh X.
Cu 47: Cho m g hh 2 k.loi Mg v Zn tac dng vi 400ml dd HNO3 thu c 1,12l N2O kc v 33,7g mui.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh nng mol ca mi mui thu c.
c) Tnh nng mol HNO3 p/ xy ra va .

Cu 48: Cho m gam hh Mg, Fe, tac dng ht vi ddH 2SO4long, d thu c 6,72lit kh ktc. Cn nu
cho m gam kim loi trn tac dng ht vi ddH2SO4c, nong, d th thu c 7,84 lt kh SO2, xac inh
phn trm mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u v khi lng mui thu c mi trng hp.
Cu 49: Cho 10,4g hh CuO v Cu vo dd HNO3 long 1M th thu c 1,12 lit NO kc.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi cht trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh th tch HNO3 cn dng v nng mol ca mui thu c.
Cu 50: Cho 11g hh 2 kim loi Al v Fe tac dng va vi 400ml dung dich HCl 2M.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh nng mol ca mi mui thu c.
Cu 51: Cho 8,9g hh 2 kim loi Mg v Zn tac dng va vi 400ml dd HNO3 thu c 1,12l N2O kc.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh nng mol ca mi mui thu c.

Cu 52: Ho tan 12,8g k.loi hoa tri II trong mt lng va ddHNO3 60,0% (D=1,365g/ml), thu c
8,96 lt (ktc) mt kh duy nht mu nu . Xac inh tn ca kim loi v th tch ddHNO3 phn ng.

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Cu 53: Ho tan bt Zn trong dd HNO 3long, d, thu c dd A v hh kh gm N 2 v N2O, thm NaOH

d vo dd A thy kh co mi khai thoat ra. Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca tt c cac phn ng xy ra di
dng phng trnh phn t v ion rut gon.
Cu 54: Nung 11,04g Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian, ly ra cn li thy cn 3,048g. Tnh % Cu(NO 3)2 bi
phn hy v th tch kh thu c (kc).
Cu 55: Cho 15g hh 2 kim loi Al v Cu vo ddHNO31,5M th thu c 6,72 lit NO kc v ddA
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi kim loi trong hh ban u.
b) Tnh th tch HNO3 dng bit lng HNO3 ly d 10% so vi lng cn p.
c) C cn ddA, em cht rn thu c nung n k/l khng i. Tnh th tch cac kh thu c kc.
Cu 56: Tnh khi k/lng v nng mol mui thu c trong cac trng hp sau:
a) Cho 200ml dd H3PO4 1M tac dng vi 200ml dd NaOH 0,5M.
b) Cho 200ml dd H3PO4 1M tac dng vi 200ml dd NaOH 1M.
c) Cho 250ml dd H3PO4 0,5M tac dng vi 250ml dd NaOH 0,75M.
d) Cho 250ml dd H3PO4 0,5M tac dng vi 250ml dd NaOH 1,5M.
e) Cho 200ml dd H3PO4 1M tac dng vi 300ml dd NaOH 1,5M.
Cu 57: Dn t t 4,032 lt CO2 kc tac dng vi 400ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Mui thu c l mui g?
Tnh khi lng v nng mol ca cac mui o.
Cu 58: Tnh khi k/lng v nng mol mui thu c trong cac trng hp sau:
a) Dn t t 2,24 lit CO2 kc vo 100ml dd NaOH 0,5M.
b) Dn t t 4,48 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd KOH 0,75M.
c) Dn t t 6,72 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd NaOH 1,5M.
d) Dn t t 4,48 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd KOH 1,5M.
e) Dn t t 5,6 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd NaOH 2,5M.
f) Dn t t 4,48 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd LiOH 3M.
g) Dn t t 7,28 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 1,95M.
h) Dn t t 6,72 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 1,5M.
i) Dn t t 5,6 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 1,1M.
k) Dn t t 11,2 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,625M.
l) Dn t t 5,6 lit CO2 kc vo 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,2M.
Cu 59: a) t chay hon ton 4,65g Phopho trong oxi d ri cho ton b sn phm thu c vo 200g
dung dich NaOH 4%. Tnh khi lng v nng phn trm mui thu c.
b) t chay hon ton 6,975g Phopho trong oxi d ri cho ton b sn phm thu c vo 100g
dung dich NaOH 4%. Tnh khi lng v nng phn trm mui thu c.
Cu 60: Nhn bit cac cht sau: (hoa cht v dng c th nghim xem nh co , co p/ minh ho)
a) Na3PO4, NaCl, NaNO3, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4
b) NaNO3, Na3PO4, NH4NO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, Na2SO4 v (NH4)2SO4.
c) NaNO3, NH3, K3PO4, NH4Cl v (NH4)3PO4.
d) NaNO3, NaCl, NH3, Na3PO4, Na2SO4, NH4Cl v (NH4)3PO4.
Cu 61: Thc hin chui p/ sau:
a/ N2(1)NH3(2)NO(3) NO2(4)HNO3(5)Cu(NO3)2(6)CuO(7)Cu(NO3)2(8)Cu(OH)2.
b/ N2(1)NO(2) NO2(3)HNO3(4)NH4NO3(5)N2O.
c/ NH3(1)NH4NO3(2) NH3(3)N2(4)NH3(5)NH4Cl(6)NH3(7)NH4HSO4(8)(NH4)2SO4
d/ N2(1)NH3(2)NO(3)NO2(4)HNO3(5)Al(NO3)3(6)Al2O3(7)Al(NO3)3(8)Al(OH)3.
e/ P(1)P2O5(2)H3PO4(3)NaH2PO4(4)Na2HPO4Ca3(PO4)2Ca(H2PO4)2CaHPO4Ca3(PO4)2.
f/ N2(1)NH3(2)NO(3) NO2(4)HNO3(5)H3PO4(6)Na2HPO4(7)Na3PO4(8)Ca3(PO4)2.
g/ CCO2COCO2Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3Ca(HCO3)2CO2NaHCO3Na2CO3CO2.
h/ CCOCO2Ca(HCO3)2NaHCO3Na2CO3CO2(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3CO2.
i/CCaC2C2H2C2H4C2H6C2H5ClC2H5OH.
k/ CAl4C3CH4C2H2C6H6 C6H12CO2.
l/SiNa2SiO3H2SiO3SiO2SiSiO2SiF4.

BAI TP HU C
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I L THUYT
1/ Vit cc CTCT c th c va gi tn chng trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Cac ankan co CTPT: C3H8 ; C4H10 ; C5H12 ; C6H14 ; C7H16 ; C8H18 ; C9H20 ; C10H22 .
b) Cac xicloanken co CTPT: C3H6 ; C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 ; C7H14 ; C8H16 .
c) Cac anken co CTPT: C3H6 ; C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 ; C7H14 ; C8H16 .
d) Cac ankadien co CTPT: C3H4 ; C4H6 ; C5H8 ; C6H10 ; C7H12 ; C8H14 .
e) Cac ankin co CTPT: C3H4 ; C4H6 ; C5H8 ; C6H10 ; C7H12 ; C8H14 .
f) Cac hidrocacbon thm co CTPT: C6H6 ; C7H8 ; C8H8 ; C8H10.
g) Cac d.xut halogen ca hidrocacbon co CTPT: C3H5Cl; C3H7Cl ; C3H6Cl2 ; C4H8Cl2 ; C4H9Cl ; C5H10Cl2
h) Cac ancol co CTPT: C3H8O ; C3H6O ; C3H8O2 ; C4H10O ; C4H10O2 ; C5H12O; C5H12O2; C5H10O
2/ Cc chui phn ng:
CH3COONaCH4C2H2 C4H4 C4H10 C4H9ClC4H8Cl2
1)
CH3COONaCH4C2H2 C4H4 C4H10 C2H4C2H6C2H5ClC2H5OHC2H4.
2)
CH4C2H2 C2H4 PE
3)
CH4C2H2 C4H4C4H6Polibutadien.
4)
C3H8C2H4C2H5ClC2H5OHC2H4OC2H4O2C4H8O2C2H5OHC2H4O2C2H3O2NaCH
5)
C2H2C2H3Clpoli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)
6)
IsopentanIsoprenpoliisopren.
7)
CH4C2H2 C6H6C6H5Br C6H5ONaC6H5OH2,4,6-tribromphenol.
8)
CH4C2H2 C2H4 C2H5Cl C2H5OH C2H4 C2H4Br2 C2H6O2.
9)
10) CH4C2H2 C4H4 C4H4Br2 C4H8Br2 C4H10O2.
11) Propenpropan-2-olaxeton propan-2-olpropenPP
12) Propen2-clopropanpropan-2-olaxetonpropan-2-olpropenpropan-1,2-diol.
3/ Nh n bit cc cht
1) Nh n bit cac kh sau: Etan, Etilen, Axetilen, lu hunh ioxit, v cacbonioxit.
2) Nh n bit cac kh sau: Propan, Propen, Propin v cacbonioxit.
3) Nh n bit cac hp cht sau: Propan, But-1-in, But-2-in, v cacbonioxit.
4) Nh n bit cac hp cht sau: Butan, But-1-in, xiclopropan, v lu hunh ioxit.
5) Nh n bit cac hp cht sau: Propan, Etilen, Propin ; cacbonioxit v lu hunh ioxit.
6) Nh n bit cac kh sau: xiclobutan, But-1-in, Butadien, But-2-in, SO2 v CO2.
7) Nh n bit cac dd v cac cht lng sau: benzen, phenol, ru benzylic, axit benzoic
II XC NH CTPT
Cu 1 a) Hp cht hu c A co thnh phn k/lng ca cac n/t nh sau: C: 37,21 %; H: 7,75 % v Cl:
55,04 %. Xac inh CTGN v CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi C2H6 l 2,15.
b) Hp cht hu c A co thnh phn khi lng ca cac n/t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim
4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%. Xac inh CTGN v CTPT ca A bit t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25.
c) Hp cht hu c A co thnh phn khi lng ca cac ng/t nh sau: C chim 53,33%; H chim
15,56%; N chim 31,11%. Xac inh CTGN v CTPT ca A bit t khi hi ca A i vi C2H6 l 1,5.
d) Hp cht hu c A co thnh phn khi lng ca cac n/t nh sau: C chim 52,17%; H chim
13,04%; cn li l oxy. Xac inh CTGN v CTPT ca A bit t khi hi ca A i vi CH4 l 2,875.
Bai 2 t chay hon ton 1,4g hp cht hu c A thu c 1,8g H 2O v 2,24 lt CO2 kc. Xac inh
CTPT, vit cng thc cu to, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi N2 l 2 (A: C4H8)
Cu 3 t chay hon ton 4,6g hp cht hu c A thu c 5,4g H 2O v 4,48 lt CO2 kc. Xac inh
CTPT, vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi CH4 l 2,875. (A: C2H6O)
Cu 4 t chay hon ton 2,85g cht hu c X phi dng va ht 4,20 lit O 2(ktc) sn phm chay ch
co CO2 v H2O theo t l 44:15 v khi lng.
1 Xac inh cng thc n gin nht ca cht X
(A: C H O)
2 Xac inh cng thc phn t ca X bit rng t khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80
Cu 5 Hn hp X cha ba cht hu c ng phn. Nu lm bay hi 2,10 g X th th tch hi thu c
bng th tch ca 1,54g kh CO2 cng iu kin. t chay hon ton 1,50g X cn dng va ht 2,52
lt O2 (ktc) sn phm chay ch co CO2 v H2O theo t l 11: 6 v khi lng.
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1. Xac inh cng thc phn t ca ba cht trong X

2. Da vo thuyt cu to hoa hoc, hy vit cng thc cu to ca tng cht o.
(A: C H O)
Cu 6 t chay hon ton 4,4g hp cht hu c A sau o dn ton b sn phm vo dd Ca(OH) 2d thu
c 30g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng 20,4g. Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A.
(A: C H )
Cu 7 t chay hon ton 3g hp cht hu c A sau o dn ton b sn phm vo dd Ca(OH) 2d thy
khi lng bnh tng 6,2g. Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A bit sn phm sinh ra co n CO2 = nH2O v t
khi hi ca A i vi C2H6 l 2
(A: C H O )
Cu 8 t chay hon ton 4,45 g hp cht A cn dng va ht 4,2 lt O 2. Sp chay co 3,15g nc v
3,92 lit hn hp kh CO2 v N2 (cac kh o kc). Xac inh CTGN ca A.
(A: C H NO )
Cu 9 t chay hon ton 6,15g cht hu c A ngi ta thu c 3,975g Na 2CO3 ; 2,025g H2O v 2,52 lt
CO2 (ktc). Xac inh cng thc n gin nht ca cht A.
(A: C H O Na)
Cu 10 t chay hon ton 5,65g hp cht hu c A thu c 2,7g H 2O v 3,36 lt CO2 kc. Mt khac,
x l A ri cho vo ddAgNO 3 d thu c 14,35g kt ta. Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng
phn ca A, bit A co M=113 g/mol
(A: C H Cl )
Cu 11 t chay hon ton 9,6g cht hu c A thu c 5,3g Na2CO3; 4,5g H2O v 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc). Xac
inh cng thc n gin nht ca cht A.
(A: C H O Na)
Cu 12 t chay h.ton 6g mt hp cht hu c A thu c CO2 v hi nc. Dn ton b sp vo 200ml
dd nc vi trong thu c 20g kt ta v k.lng bnh tng 20,4g. un nong dd cn li thu thm c
5g kt ta na. Xac inh CTPT, vit cac CTCT co th co ca A bit t khi hi ca A so vi C 2H6 l 2.
3

(A: C3H8O)

Cu 13 t chay hon ton 2,50g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc) sn phm chay ch gm
CO2 v H2O trong o khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70g.
Xac inh CTGN v CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A so vi C3H4 l 2,5 (A: C H O )
III ANKAN & XICLOANKAN
Cu 1 Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca cac phn ng xy ra trong trng hp sau:
a) Metan, Etan, Propan tac dng vi Clo (co anh sang, t l 1:1 v 1:2).
b) iu ch metan t Natri axetat v nhit phn metan 15000C
c) Rackinh Butan, Pentan, Hexan.
d) Dehidro hoa Butan, Pentan, Hexan, Xiclohexan, Metylxiclohexan.
Cu 2 Khi t chay hon ton 1,8g mt ankan ngi ta thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng CO 2
nhiu hn khi lng nc l 2,8g.
a) Xac inh cng thc phn t ca ankan mang t.
b) Vit cng thc cu to v tn tt c cac ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t o. (A: C H )
Cu 3 Mt loi xng l hn hp ca cac ankan co cng thc phn t l C 7H16 v C8H18. t chay hon
ton 6,950g xng o phi dng va ht 17,080 lit oxi ly kc. Xac inh phn trm v khi lng ca
tng cht trong loi xng o.
(A: C H : 18%)
Cu 4 Cht kh A l mt xicloankan. Khi t chay 672ml kh A (kc) th thy khi lng CO 2 to thnh
nhiu hn khi lng nc to thnh 3,12g.
a) Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT v tn cac xicloankan tng ng vi CTPT va tm c.ca cht A.
b) Cho A i qua dd Br2 th mu ca dung dich ny bi mt. Xac inh CTCT ung ca A.
(A: C H )
Cu 5 Cht A l 1ankan th kh, t chay hon ton 1,2lit A cn dng va ht 6lit O 2 ly cng iu
kin. Xac inh cng thc phn t cht A.
(A: C H )
Cho cht A tac dng vi kh Clo 250C v co anh sang. Hi co th thu c my dn xut monoclo ca
A? Goi tn v xac inh u l sn phm chnh?
Cu 6 Cht A l 1ankan th kh, t chay hon ton 6,96g A thu c s mol nc gp 1,25 ln s mol
CO2. Xac inh cng thc phn t cht A.
(A: C H )
Cho cht A tac dng vi kh Clo 250C v co anh sang. Hi co th thu c my dn xut monoclo?
Cu 7 Khi thc hin p/ nhit phn iu ch axetilen t mtan thu c hn hp X gm axetilen, hidro
v metan cha phn ng ht. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 4,44. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng. (A: H=80,18%)
Cu 8 Hn hp kh A cha hai hidrcacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Ly 2,8 lt A (ktc) em
t chay hon ton. Sn phm chay c dn qua bnh (1) ng H 2SO4 sau o qua bnh (2) ng dung
dich NaOH (co d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 8,1g v bnh (2) tng 14,3g.
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Hy xac inh CTPT v phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A

(A: C H , C H )
Cu 9 t chay hon ton 1,12 lit hidrocacbon A mch h v dn sp vo bnh 1 ng ddH 2SO4 v bnh 2
cha dd nc vi trong d. Sau khi p/ kt thuc, khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4g; k.lng bnh 2 tng 11g.
X CTPT, CTCT v goi tn A. Khi cho A tac vi Cl2 ch to 1 dn xut monoclo. X CTCT ung ca A.
Cu 10 t chay hon ton 3,6g cht HC A cn dng va ht 44,8 lit khng kh kc. Sn phm to
thnh co khi lng CO2 nhiu hn khi lng nc l 5,6g. X CTPT, vit CTCT ca A bit
dA/C2H6=2,4 v oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh.
(A: C H )
Cu 11 Hn hp M th lng cha 2 ankan. t chay hon ton hn hp M cn dng va ht 63,28 lit
khng kh(kc). Hp th ht sn phm chay vo dd Ca(OH)2 ly d thu c 36,00g cht kt ta.
a) Tnh khi lng hn hp M bit rng oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh.
b) Xac inh cng thc phn t v phn trm khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp M bit 2 ankan cach
nhau 2 nguyn t cacbon.
(A: C H , C H v C H , C H )
Hy xac inh cng thc phn t v phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A
Cu 12* Hn hp M cha 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Khi t chay hon ton
13,20g hn hp M thu c 20,72lit CO 2 kc. Hy xac inh CTPT v phn trm khi lng tng cht
trong hn hp ban u.
(A: C H v C H )
IV ANKEN, ANKADIEN & ANKIN
Cu 1 Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca cac phn ng xy ra trong trng hp sau v cho bit cac phn ng
o thuc loi phn ng no? ( phn ng th, phn ng cng, phn ng tach )
a) Etilen, Propilen, butadien, isopren tac dng vi ddBr2, hyro co Ni lm xuc tac v polime hoa.
b) un nong axetilen 600oC vi bt than lm xuc tac.
c) Dung dich ancol etylic lu ngoi khng kh chuyn thnh dd axt axetic (gim n)
d) Axetilen, Propin, But-1-in tac dng vi nc, vi AgNO3/NH3.
e) Axetilen, Propin, But-1-in tac dng vi ddBr2, H2, HCl, H2O theo t l 1:1 v t l 1: 2
f)T t n v cac hoa cht, dng c cn thit vit cac p iu ch Benzen, caosu buna, andehit axetic
Cu 2 t chay hon ton 3,5g hp cht hu c A thu c 4,5g H 2O v 5,6lit CO2 ( kc). Xac inh
CTPT, vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi C2H4 l 2,5. Vit p/ ca A vi H2,
Br2, H2O, HCl, KMnO4 v trng hp A nu bit A l ank-2-en v mch khng nhanh.
(A: C H )
Cu 3 t chay hon ton 2,8g hp cht hu c A thu c 3,6g H 2O v 4,48lit CO2 ( kc). Xac inh
CTPT, vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi C 2H4 l 2. Vit p/ ca A vi H2,
Br2, H2O, HCl, KMnO4 v trng hp A nu bit A l mch co nhanh.
(A: C H )
Cu 4 t chay hon ton m gam mt ankadien A, sn phm chay c dn qua bnh (1) ng H 2SO4 sau
o qua bnh (2) ng dd NaOH (co d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 10,8g v bnh (2) tng
35,2g. Xac inh m, CTPT ca A.
Vit p/ ca A vi Br2, HCl, trng hp nu bit A l ankadien lin hp.
(A: C H )
Cu 5 Dn 5,6 lt hn hp kh X gm Etin v Eten i vo dd AgNO3(d) trong NH3 thy cn 2,24 lt kh
khng phn ng (cac th tch kh o kc). Xac inh phn trm th tch v phn trm khi lng mi kh
trong hn hp v tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
Cu 6 Dn V lt hn hp kh X gm Etilen v Axetilen i vo dd AgNO 3(d) trong NH3 thu c 24g kt
ta. Mt khac, V lt hh lm mt mu va ht 175ml dd Br2 2M. Xac inh phn trm th tch v phn trm
khi lng mi kh trong hn hp.
Cu 7 Dn 3,36 lt hn hp kh X gm propin v propen i vo dd AgNO 3(d) trong NH3 thy cn 0,672
lt kh khng phn ng (cac th tch kh o kc). Xac inh phn trm th tch v phn trm khi lng
mi kh trong hn hp v tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
Cu 8 Dn t t 6,72 lt hh gm Etilen v Propen (kc) vo dd Brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 9,8g
a) Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca cac phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch v v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.
Cu 9 Dn t t 3,36 lt (kc) hh gm 2anken A v B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo dd Brom d
thy khi lng bnh tng 4,9g
a) Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca cac phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch v v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.
2

14

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18

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Cu 10 Hn hp kh A cha 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau. t chay hon ton 0,25mol hn hp A

v dn sp vo dd nc vi trong thu c 35g kt ta. Loc b kt ta, un dd cn li th thu thm c
25g kt ta na. X CTPT, %m, v %V mi cht trong.
Cu 11 t chay hon ton 3,36 lit hidrocacbon A mch h v dn sp vo bnh 1 ng ddH 2SO4 v bnh
2 cha dd nc vi trong d. Sau khi p/ kt thuc, khi lng bnh 1 tng 8,1g; khi lng bnh 2 tng
19,8g. X CTPT, CTCT v goi tn A. Vit p/ ca A vi H2, Br2, H2O, HCl, KMnO4 v trng hp A
Cu 12 t chay 672ml anken A (kc) th thy k/l CO 2 to thnh nhiu hn khi lng nc to thnh
3,12g.
a) Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT v goi tn cac anken tng ng
(A: C H )
b) Vit p/ ca A vi H2, Br2, H2O, HCl, KMnO4 v trng hp A bit A l ank-1-en mch thng.
Cu 13 t chay hon ton m gam hp cht hu c A thu c 3,6g H 2O v 11g CO2. Xac inh CTPT,
vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi NH 3 l 4. Vit p/ ca A vi H 2, Br2,
H2O, HCl, KMnO4 v trng hp A nu bit A l anka-1,3-dien v mch co nhanh.
(A: C H )
Cu 14 t chay hon ton 3,4g hp cht hu c A thu c 3,6g H 2O v 5,6lit CO2 ( kc). Xac inh
CTPT, vit CTCT, goi tn cac ng phn ca A, bit A co t khi so vi CH 3OH l 2,125. Vit p/ ca A
vi H2, Br2, H2O, HCl, AgNO3/NH3 nu bit A l ank-1-in v mch khng nhanh.
(A: C H )
Cu 15 Hn hp kh A cha H2 1ankin. T khi ca A i vi hidro l 4,8. un nong hn hp A co mt
cht xuc tac Ni th phn ng xy ra vi hiu sut l 100%, to hn hp kh B khng lm mt mu dung
dich Br v co t khi vi hidro l 8. xac inh cng thc phn t v thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca
tng cht co trong hn hp A v B.
Cu 16 Hn hp kh A cha H2 v 1anken. T khi ca A i vi H 2 l 6,0. un nong nh hn hp A co
mt cht xuc tac Ni th A bin thnh hn hp kh B khng lm mt mu nc Br 2 v co t khi i vi H2
l 8,0. Xac inh CTPT v phn trm th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A v hn hp B.
Cu 17 Hn hp kh A cha hai hidrcacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Ly 1,12 lt A (ktc)
em t chay hon ton. Sn phm chay c dn qua bnh (1) ng H 2SO4 sau o qua bnh (2) ng
dung dich NaOH (co d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 2,16g v bnh (2) tng 7,48g.
Hy xac inh CTPT v phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A
(A: C H , C H )
Cu 18 Hn hp kh A cha 1ankan v 1anken, khi lng hn hp A l 9g, v th tch l 8,96lit. t
chay hon ton A thu c 13,44lit CO2. Cac th tch o kc. Xac inh CTPT v % th tch ca tng
cht trong A.
Cu 19 Hn hp M cha hai cht hu c thuc cng dy ng ng v hn km nhau 2 ng/t cacbon.
Nu lm bay hi 7,84g M th th tch hi thu c ung bng th tch ca 5,6g kh N 2 cng iu kin.
t chay hon ton 9,8g hn hp M cn dng 23,52 lt O 2 (ktc) sp chay ch gm CO2 v hi nc vi
th tch bng nhau. Xac inh CTPT v phn trm khi lng tng cht trong hn hp M. (A: C H , C H )
Cu 20 Hn hp kh A cha hai hidrcacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Ly 1,68 lt A (k tc)
em t chay hon ton. S.phm chay c dn qua bnh (1) ng H 2SO4 sau o qua bnh (2) ng dd
NaOH (co d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 3,24g v bnh (2) tng 11,22g. (A: C H v C H )
Cu 21* Dn t t a gam hh gm Etilen v Etan (kc) vo dd Brom thy co 4a gam Brom tham gia p/
a) Vit phng trnh hoa hoc ca cac phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch v v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.
PHN 2: TRC NGHIM V C.
1/p n no sau yl sai
A. pH = - lg[H+]
B. [H+] = 10a th pH = a
C. pH + pOH = 14 D. [H+] .
[OH-] = 10-14
2/Theo Bronstet, NH4Cl l cht no sau y?
A. Axit
B. Baz
C. Lng tnh
D. Trung tnh
3/Theo Bronstet, dung dch AlCl3 c mi trng:
A. Axit
B. Baz
C. Lng tnh
D. Trung tnh
4/Mui no sau y khng phi l mui axit?
A. NaHSO4
B. Ca(HCO3)2
C. NaHCO3
D. Na2HPO4
5/iu no sau y l ng?
A. Dung dch FeCl3 c pH > 7
B. Dung dch FeCl3 c pH = 7
4

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C. Dung dch FeCl3 c pH < 7

D. Khng xc nh c
6/Cho cc axit sau:
A. H3PO4 (Ka =7,6.10-3) B. HClO (Ka =5.10-8 )
C. CH3COOH (Ka =1,8.10-5) D.
HSO4- (Ka =10-2)
Th t tng dn tnh axit ca chng c sp xp nh th no?
A. a < b < c < d
B. d < a< c < b
C. b < c < a < d D. d < c < b < a
7/Trong cc mui sau, dung dch mui no c mi trng trung tnh? A. FeCl3 B. Na2CO3
C. CuCl2 D. KCl
8/Dd NaOH 0,001M c pH l bao nhiu?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 3
9/dd thu c khi trn ln 200 ml dd NaCl 0,2M v 300 ml dd Na 2SO4 0,2M c [Na+]
l bao nhiu?
A. 0,32M
B. 1M
C. 0,2M
D. 0,1M
10/C 4 l ng 4 dung dch Al(NO3)3; NaNO3, Na2CO3; NH4NO3. Nu ch dng 1 thuc
th th c th dng cht no sau y nhn bit 4 l trn?
A. Ddch H2SO4 B. Dd Ba(OH)2
C. Ddch K2SO4
D. CaCO3
11/Dung dch X gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2 M. Th tch dd H2SO4 0,5 M cn
trung ho ht 100 ml dung dch X l bao nhiu? A. 100ml
B. 50ml
C.
150ml
D. 200 ml
12/Trong cc cp sau y, cp cht no tn ti trong dung dch?
A. AlCl3 v Na2CO3
B. HNO3 v NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3 v KOH
D. NaCl v
AgNO3
13/Phn ng no sau y xy ra c:
A. NaHSO4 + NaOH
B. NaNO3 + CuSO4
C. CuSO4 + HNO3
D. KNO3
+ Na2SO4
14/Nhng ion no sau y cng c mt trong dung dch:
A. Mg2+ , SO42- , Cl- , Ba2+ B. H+, Cl-, Na+, Al3+
C. S2-, Fe2+, Cu2+, Cl- D. Fe3+,
OH-, Na+, Ba2+
15/Thay i mt dung dch c pH = 4 thnh dung dch c pH = 6 ta phi:
A. Cho vo mt t nc ca dung dch bay hi
B. Thm vo mt axit
C. Thm vo mt baz
D. Bng phng php khc
16/B ba cc cht no sau y l cht in ly mnh?
A.HCl, KOH, CH3COONa B.KOH, NaCl, Cu(OH)2 C.HCl, KOH, CH3COOH D.HCl, NaCl,
HgCl2
17/Cho cc ion sau: a. PO43b. CO32c. HSO4d. HCO3e. HPO3Theo Bronstet, ion no l lng tnh? A. a, b, c
B. b, c, d
C. c, d, e
D. b,
c, e
18/Phng trnh phn ng: 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2H2O c phng trnh ion
thu gn l:
A. H+ + OH- H2O
B. 2H+ + 2Cl- + Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg2+ +
2Cl- + 2H2O
C. 2H+ + Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2H2O
D. 2Cl- + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2OH3+
19/Trong mt dd c x mol Al , y mol Cl -,z mol Na+, t mol NO3- biu thc quan h
ca x,y,z,t l:
A. 3x + y = z + t
B. 3x + z = y + t
C. y + t = x + z
D. Quan h khc
20/Nng Mol ca ion CH3COO - trong dd CH3COOH 1,2M l Bit in li
ca axit l 1,4%:
A. 0,0168M
B. 0,012M
C. 0,014M
D. 0,14M
21/Phn ng axit - baz l:
A. Phn ng c s thay i s oxi ho C. Phn ng ho hc trong c s chonhn proton
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B. Phn ng ho hc trong o c s cho nhn e. D. Phn ng khng c s thay

i s oxi ho
22/Cc ion no sau y cng tn ti trong dung dch?
A. Na+, Br-, SO42-, Mg2+
B. Al3+, Cl-, K+, PO43C. Zn2+, S2-, Fe2+, NO3D. NH4+,
22+
SO4 , Ba , Cl
23/Phng trnh p/ng: Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 c phng trnh
ion thu gn l:
A. 2Fe3+ + 3SO42- +3Ba2+ + 6OH-3BaSO4 + 2 Fe(OH)3
C. Fe3+ + 3OH-
Fe(OH)3
B. 2Fe3+ + 3Ba(OH)2 3Ba2+ + 2Fe(OH)3
D. SO43- + Ba2+ BaSO4
+
24/Dung dch HCl c pH = 3 th nng ion H l:
A. 0,3
B. 0,01
C.
0,001
D. 0,003 25/Dn 4,48lt kh HCl(kc) vo 2 lt nc. Gi s th tch dd
khng thay i th thu c dd c pH l:
A. 2
B. 1,5
C. 1
D. 3
26/Ho tan 1 mol Na3PO4 vo nc, c bao nhiu mol ion natri c hnh thnh sau khi
tch khi mui?
A. 1
B. 2
C.3
D. 4
27/Nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 c pH = 3 l:
A. 3M
B. 0,003M
C.
0,001M D. 0,3M
28/Phn ng no sau y chng t Zn(OH)2 l mt axit?
A. Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
C. 2NaOH + Zn(OH)2 Na2ZnO2
+ 2H2O
B. Zn(OH)2 ZnO + H2O
D. H2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 ZnSSO4 +
2H2O
29/Gia tri tch s ion ca nc ph thuc vo:
A. Ap sut B. Nhit C. S co mt ca axt ha tan D. S co mt ca bazo ha tan
30/Trn ln 10 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M vi 100 ml dd HCl 0,1 M c dd X. pH ca
dung dch X l:
A. 2
B. 12
C. 7
D. 13
31/Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Nu s pha trn
khng lm co gin th tch th dung dch mi c nng mol l:
A. 1,5 M
B. 1,2 M
C. 1,6 M
D. 0,15 M
32/Cu no sau y ng nht: S in ly l:
A. S phn ly dung dch bng dng in
B. S phn ly cht in ly mnh
C. S b gy lin kt ca cc ion hp phn trong cht in ly
D. Qu trnh phn ly ca cht in ly thnh cc ion di t/dng ca cc phn t
phn cc ca dung mi
33/Phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn: Mg2+ + 2OH-
Mg(OH)2 c phng
trnh phn t l:
A. MgSO4 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + K2SO4
C. MgSO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 +
Mg(OH)2
B. MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
D. A, B u ng
34/Cu no sau y ng nht khi ni v mui axit?
A. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi baz B. Mui vn cn hiro trong phn t
C. Mui to bi axit yu, baz mnh
D. Mui vn cn H c kh nng phn ly
to proton trong nc
35/Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht in ly yu? A. H2O
B. HCl
C.
NaOH D. NaCl
36/Chn nhng cht in ly mnh trong cc cht sau:
a. NaCl
b. Ba(OH)2
c. HNO3
d. AgCl
e. Cu(OH)2
f. HCl
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A. a, b, c, f
B. a, d, e, f
C. b, c, d, e
D. a, b, c
37/Cht no sau y l hiroxit lng tnh? A. Zn(OH)2
B. Sn(OH)2 C. Al(OH)3
D.C A, B, C
38/Cc ion no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch:
A. Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, OHB. K+, Fe2+, Cl-, SO42- C. Ba2+, K+, Cl-, SO42D. Pb2+, NO3-,
SO42-, Mg2+
39/Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2M cn trung ho 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M
l bao nhiu?
A. 50 ml
B. 100ml
C. 500 ml
D. 2000 ml
40/Dd Ba(OH)2 0,005M c pH l bao nhiu?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
41/Cac dung dich sau y co nng 0,10M, dung dich no dn i n km nht?
A. HF
B. HCl
C. HBr
D. HI
42/Cac dung dich sau y, dung dich no dn i n tt nht?
A. NaCl 0,10M B. NaCl 0,01M C. NaCl 0,001M D. NaCl 0,0001M
PHN 3: TRC NGHIM HU C.
1/Hy nu khi nim ng nht v ha hc hu c.
A. Ha hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht ca cacbon.
B. Ha hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht ca cacbon,
tr cacbon (II) oxit, cacbon (IV)oxit v cc mui cacbonat.
C. Ha hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht ca cacbon,
tr cacbon (II) oxit, cacbon (IV)oxit.
D. Ha hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht ca C, tr
mui cacbonat.
2/Thnh phn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c:
A. Bao gm tt c cc nguyn t trong bng h thng h thng tun hon.
B. Gm c C, H v cc nguyn t khc.
C. Nht thit phi c cacbon, thng c H, hay gp O, N sau n halgen, S,
P..
D. Thng c C, H hay gp O, N sau n halozen, S, P.
3/Chn nh ngha y nht v ng ng:
A. L hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng v thnh phn
phn t khc nhau mt nhm -CH2.
B. L hin tng cc cht c thnh phn phn t khc nhau mt hay nhiunhm
-CH2.
C. L hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau.
D. L hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng khc nhau mt
hay nhiu nhm -CH2.
4/Chn nh ngha y nht v ng phn:
A. L hin tng cc cht c cu to khc nhau.
B. L hin tng cc cht c tnh cht khc nhau.
C. L hin tng cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng c cu to khc nhau nn
c tnh cht khc nhau.
D. L hin tng cc cht c cu to khc nhau nn c tnh cht khc nhau.
5/Lin kt n l lin kt c hnh thnh t:
A. mt cp electron to nn v c biu din bng mt gch ni gia hai nguyn
t.
B. nhiu cp electron to nn.
C. hai cp electron to nn.
D. mt gch ni to nn .
6/Lin kt i do nhng lin kt no hnh thnh:
A. Lin kt B. Lin kt C. lin kt v D. Hai lin kt
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7/Lin kt ba do nhng lin kt no hnh thnh:

A. Lin kt B. 2 lin kt v 1 lin kt C. Lin kt
D. 2 lin kt v 1
lin kt
8/Theo thuyt cu to ha hc trong phn t cc cht hu c, cc n/t lin kt vi
nhau theo:
A. ng ha tr.
B. mt th t nht nh.
C. ng s oxi ha. D. ng ha tr v mt th t nht nh.
9/Trong phn t cc hp cht hu c cc ng/t cacbon lin kt trc tip vi nhau
theo:
A. mch thng.
B. mch nhnh
C. mch vng. D. theo c 3 cch A, B, C.
10/Nhn nh hai cht : CH4 v CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
A. Chng l ng ng ca nhau.B. Chng l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Tt c cng ng.
D. Tt c cng sai.
11/Cu tr li no sau y khng ni ln c c im chung ca hp cht hu
c:
A. S lng nguyn t to nn hp cht hu c t nhng nht thit phi c cacbon.
B. Lin kt hp cht ha hc trong hp cht hu c ch yu l lin kt cng ha
tr.
C. Hp cht hu c d chy khng bn i vi nhit.
D. Phn ng trong cc hp cht hu c xy ra nhanh..
12/Nguyn tc chung ca php phn tch nh tnh l:
A. Chuyn ha cc nguyn t C, H, N thnh cc cht v c d nhn bit.
B. t chy hp cht hu c tm cacbon di dng mui en.
C. t chy hp cht hu c tm nit qua mi kht.
D. t chy hp cht hu c tm hiro do hi nc thot ra lm xanh CuSO4
khan.
13/Mc ch ca php phn tch nh tnh l:
A. xc nh thnh phn cc nguyn t c trong hp cht hu c.
B. xc nh cng thc phn t. C. xc nh cng thc cu to. D. tt c u
ng.
14/ bit r s lng nguyn t, th t kt hp v cch kt hp ca cc nguyn t
trong phn t hp cht hu c ngi ta dng:
A. cng thc phn t B. cng thc tng qut C. cng thc cu to D. gm c A,
B, C.
15/Tm cu tr li sai : Trong hp cht hu c
A. cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ha tr v trt t nht nh.
B. cacbon c hai ha tr l 2 v 4.
C. cc nguyn t C lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch C dng thng, vng v nhnh.
D. tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc.
16/Cho hn hp hai cht l etanol (t s = 78,3oC) v axit axetic (ts = 118oC). tch
ring tng cht, ngi ta s dng phng php no sau y:
A. Chit
B. Chng ct thng
C. Lc v kt tinh li D. Chng ct p sut
thp.
17/Mun bit hp cht hu c c cha hiro hay khng ta c th:
A. t cht hu c xem c to cht b en hay khng.
B. Oxi ha cht hu c bng CuO ri cho sn phm chy i qua nc vi trong.
C. Cho cht hu c tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c.
D. Thc hin bng cch khc.
18/Nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng ng phn cu to l:
A. do s sp xp khc nhau ca cc nguyn t trong phn t.
B. do tnh cht ha hc khc nhau.
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C. do ha tr cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c khc nhau.

D. do s phn b khc nhau ca cc nguyn t trong khng gian.
19/iu khng nh no sau y l ng:
A. Hai cht ng phn c cng CTPT.
B. Hai cht ng phn c cng CTCT.
C. Hai cht ng phn thuc cng mt dy ng ng.
D. Hai cht ng phn th c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau.
20/Loi lin kt ha hc no thng xut hin trong cc hp cht hu c:
A. Lin kt hiro B. Lin kt ion
C. Lin kt cng ha tr. D. Tt c cc loi
trn.
21/Hp cht 2-mtylbutan c th to ra bao nhiu gc hircacbon -C5H11
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
22/Thuc tnh no sau y khng phi l ca cc hp cht hu c?
A. Khng bn nhit cao.
B. Kh nng phn ng ho hc chm, theo nhiu hng khc nhau.
C. Lin kt ho hc trong hp cht hu c thng l lin kt ion.
D. D bay hi v d chy hn hp cht v c.
23/Trong phn t CH4, cc orbitan ha tr ca cacbon trng thi lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp
24/Trong phn t C2H4, cc orbitan ha tr ca ccbon trng thi lai ha :
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp
25/Trong phn t C2H2, cc orbitan ha tr ca ccbon trng thi lai ha :
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp
26/Tm cu tr li sai:
Lin kt bn hn lin kt l do:
A. lin kt c hnh thnh do s xen ph trc ca cc obritan ha tr.
B. lin kt c hnh thnh do s xen ph bn ca cc obritan s.
C. lin kt c hnh thnh do s xen ph bn ca cc obritan ha tr p.
D. cu A, C ng.
27/Tm cu tr li sai : Trong hp cht hu c, gia hai nguyn t cacbon
A. c t nht mt lin kt . B. c t nht mt lin kt .
C. c th c mt lin kt i.
D. c th c mt lin kt ba.
28/S ng phn ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C5H12 l:
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2
D. 5
29/S ng phn ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4
D. 5
30/S ng phn mch h ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C5 H10 l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6
D. 7
31/S ng phn mch h ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C5H9N1 l:
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8
D. 9
32/S ng phn ca C3H5Cl3 l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
33/Trong nhng cht sau y, nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau:
A. C2H5OH, CH3- O - CH3.
B. CH3- O - CH3, CH3CHO.
C. CH3- CH2 - CH2 - OH, C2H5OH. D. C4H10, C6H6.
34/Cc cht no sau y thuc dy ng ng c cng thc chung CnH2n+2.
A. CH4, C2H2, C3H8, C4H10, C6H12.
B. CH4, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12.
C. C4H10, C5H12, C6H12.
D. C A,B v C u sai.
35/Hp cht CH3OCH3 c c l imtylte l theo cch c:
A. gc chc B. tn thng
C. thay th D. c ba cch c trn
36/Nu t khi hi ca A so vi H2 l 23 th cng thc phn t ca A l:
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A. CO2
B. N2O
C. C2H6O
D. p n khc
37/Cho mt hircacbon mch h X c 5 lin kt xch ma v mt lin kt pi .Cng
thc phn t ng ca X l :
A. C2H2
B. C2H4
C. C2H6
D. C3H6
38/t chy hon ton hidrocacbon A thu c hn hp sn phm chy c CO2 chim
70,968% theo khi lng. A thuc dy ng ng:
A. Ankan
B. Anken
C. Xicloankan D. p n B v C.
askt
39/Cho phn ng: CH4+Cl2
CH3Cl+HCl Phn ng trn xy ra qua my giai

on?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
40/ bn ca cc cacbocation theo th t gim dn no sau y l ng?
A. (CH3)3C+>(CH3)2CH+>CH3CH2+>CH2ClCH2+ B.
CH2ClCH2+>(CH3)3C+>(CH3)2CH+>CH3CH2+
C. (CH3)3C+>CH2ClCH2+>(CH3)2CH+>CH3CH2+ D.
CH2FCH2+>(CH3)3C+>(CH3)2CH+>CH3CH2+
41/Phn tch 0,29 g mt hp cht hu c ch cha C, H, O ta tm c %C=62,06,
%H=10,34. Vy khi lng oxy trong hp cht l:
A. 0,07
B. 0,08
C. 0,09
D. 0,16
42/Cng thc ca hp cht hu c cu 41 l:
A. (C2H4O)n B. C2H4O
C. (C3H6O)m D. C3H6O.
43/t chy hon ton 1,68 g mt hirocacbon X c M = 84 vc cho ta 5,28g CO 2.
S nguyn t C trong phn t X l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
44/Mt hp cht hu c gm c C v H khi lng phn t bng 58. Phn tch 1g
cht hu c ny cho thy hp cht c 5/29g hir. Vy phn t hp cht ny c
bao nhiu nguyn t H:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 10
45/Thnh phn % ca hp cht hu c cha C, H, O theo th t l 62,1%, 10,3%,
27,6%. M = 58. Cng thc nguyn ca hp cht ny l:
A. C2H4O
B. C2H4O2
C. C2H6O
D. C3H6O
46/Thnh phn % ca mt hp cht hu c cha C, H, O theo th t l: 54,6%,
9,1%, 36,3%. Vy cng thc nguyn n gin nht ca hp cht hu c l:
A. C3H6O
B. C2H4O
C. C5H9O
D. C4H8O2
47/Cng thc no sau y ng:
A. CH4N
B. C3H5Cl3 C. C4H5 OCl2 D. C3H5(OH)2
48/Trong phn t benzen c bao nhiu lin kt .
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
49/Cho mt hirccbon X c phn trm khi lng ca ccbon l 80%.Cng thc
phn t ca X l:
A. CH3
B. C2H6
C. C16H34
D. C15H30
50/Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu ng
phn:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
51/t chy hon ton 0,1 mol CxH4 ri hp thu hon ton sn phm to ra vo
200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta.Cng thc ca
hircacbon l:
A. C3H4
B. C2H4
C. CH4 hoc C2H4 D. CH4 hoc C3H4
52/Da theo thuyt cu to ha hc, hy cho bit s ng phn ng vi CTPT
C3H8O
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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53/Khi phn tch nh tnh nguyn t hiro trong hp cht hu c ngi ta t

chy cht hu c ri cho sn phm i qua :
A. H2SO4c B. CuSO4 khan C. P2O5 khan
D. NaOH khan
54/Cc obital to lin kt pi(trong anken) c nh hng nh th no trong khng
gian so vi mt phng lin kt to nn ng phn hnh hc ca phn t?
A. Gc vung. B. Gc nhn.
C. Gc bt.
D. Gc t.
55/Liopen, cht mu trong qu c chua chn (C 40H56) ch cha lin kt i v
lin kt n trong phn t. Khi hiro ho hon ton liopen cho hirocacbon no
(C40H82). Hy xc nh s ni i trong phn t liopen:
A. 10
B. 11.
C. 13
D. 26
56/ xc nh khi lng mol phn t ca cc cht kh bay hi, hoc khng bay
hi, ngi ta s dng phng php no sau y?
A. Phng php nghim lnh.
B. Phng php nghim si.
C. Da vo t khi vi hiro hay khng kh. D. A v B ng.
57/Du m l mt hn hp nhiu hirocacbon. c cc sn phm nh xng, du
ho, mazut... trong nh my lc du s dng phng php tch no?
A. Chng ct thng.
B. Chng ct phn on.
C. Chng ct p sut thp.D. Chng ct li cun hi nc.
58/t chy hon ton V lt kh ca mi mi hircacbon X, Y, Z u thu c 4 V
lt CO2 v 4 V lt H2O. iu khng nh no sau y l ng nht?
A. 3 cht X, Y, Z l cc ng phn ca nhau B. 3 cht X, Y, Z l ng phn cu
to ca nhau
C. 3 cht X, Y, Z l ng phn hnh hc ca nhau D. 3 cht X, Y, Z l cc ng
ng ca nhau
59/Hp cht no sau y khng c ng phn hnh hc:
A. CHCl=CHCl B. CH3CH=CHC2H5 C. CH3 CH=CHCH3 D. (CH3)2C=CHCH3
60/t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hidrocacbon Y v kh CO thu c s mol CO2
bng s mol nc. Y l:
A. C3H8
B. C3H6
C. C3H4
D. C4H8
61/t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c X thu c 2,75m gam CO2 v 2,25m
gam H2O. La chn cng thc phn t ng ca X:
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. C2H6O
D. C2H6 .
62/Hp cht X mch h, c mt lin kt trong phn t. Hy cho bit cng thc
phn t no sau y c th ph hp vi X.
A. C2H4Cl2O
B. C2H6N
C. CH2O2
D. C3H4O
63/X l ng ng ca axetilen. t chy hon ton X thu c sn phm chy gm
CO2 v H2O trong CO2 chim 76,52% v khi lng. Hy la chn CTPT ng ca
X:
A. C3H4
B. C4H6
C. C5H8
D. C6H10
64/Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc n gin l CH 3O. Kt lun no sau y
ng?
A. X l hp cht no, mch h.
B. X l hp cht khng no, mch h.
C. X l hp cht no, mch vng. D. khng tn ti cht X.
65/t chy hon ton 6,4 gam cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). Dy
ng ng ca X, bit rng trong X, oxi chim 50% v khi lng.
A. X l thuc dy ng ng ru no n chc. B. X thuc dy ng ng ca
anehit a chc.
C. X thuc dy ng ng ca axit a chc.
D. khng xc nh c dy ng
ng ca X.
66/t chy hon ton cht hu c X mch h, n chc thu c CO2 v nc. Phn
t khi ca X l 46. Hy xc nh s ng phn tho mn cc iu kin trn.
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A. 1 B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
67/Mt hp cht hu c n chc c cha oxi. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X
thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol nc. Hy xc nh s ng phn tho mn iu
kin trn ?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
68/X l mt hp cht hu c mch h c cng thc phn t l C 4H4O4 . Hy cho bit
X c bao lin kt trong phn t ?
A.1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
69/Mt axit hu c mch h c cng thc tng qut l C n H2n+2-2a-b(COOH)b . Hy cho
bit cht hu c c bao nhiu lin kt ?
A. a B. b
C. a+b D. a + 2b
70/X l mt hp cht c cng thc phn t l C4H7Clx. Hy cho bit vi gi tr no
ca x, hp cht trn tn ti c.
A. x =1 v x =2 B. x =1 v x= 3
C. x= 2 v x=3.
D. x =1; x= 2 v x =3.
71/Cht no sau y l ng ng ca nhau. Metylxiclopropan(I); xiclopropan
(II); xiclobutan (III); xiclopentan(IV); etylxiclopropan(V).
A. I, II, III
B. I, IV, V
C. c A, B u ng D. p n khc
72/Mt hp cht c cng thc phn t l C 4Hn mch h. Gi tr no thch hp ca n
l:
A. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. B. 4, 6, 8, 10.
C. 5, 6, 8, 10.
D. 6, 8, 10.
73/t chy hon ton a g hn hp 4 hirocacbon thu c 33g CO2 v 27g H2O. Gi
tr ca a l:
A. 11 g
B. 60 g
C. 12 g
D. 9 g
74/t chy mt hircabon X thu c H2O c khi lng bng khi lng ca X.Cng
thc phn t n gin nht ca X l:
A. CH
B. C2H3
C. C3H4
D. C12H18
75/Cho X c cng thc n gin nht l CH3O .X c s ng phn l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
76/Hircacbon X c cng thc phn t C x+1H3x , l cht kh iu kin thng. X
c cng thc l: A. C4H9 B. C2H3
C. C3H6
D. C A,B,C.
77/Crckinh 11,6 gam C4H10 thu c hn hp X gm 7 cht kh gm:CH 4, C2H4, C2H6,
C3H6, C4H10, H2 v C4H10 d.t hon ton X th cn V lt khng kh ktc,Vc gi tr
l:
A. 29,12 ltB. 145,6 ltC. 112 lt
D. 33,6 lt
78/t chy 5,8 gam mt cht hu c X bng O 2 d thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3, 2,25
gam H2O v 12,1g CO2 , bit MX < 200 vc. CTPT ca X l:
A. C6H5ONa B. C7H7ONa C. C6H6ONa D. p n khc
79/C bao nhiu cht khc nhau c to ra trong phn ng cng ca C2H2 vi Br2?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
80/Hn hp X gm mt hirocacbon trong iu kin thng th kh v hiro. T
khi ca X so vi hiro bng 6,7. Cho hn hp i qua Ni nung nng, sau khi
hirocacbon phn ng ht thu c hn hp Y c t khi vi hiro bng 16,75. Cng
thc phn t ca hirocacbon l:
A. C3H4.
B. C3H6
C. C4H8
D. C4H6.
..Ht..
Chuc cc Em c ky thi t kt qu tt nht!

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