MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA I CNG
I.

TNH pH
1. Dung dch axit yu HA: pH =

1
(log Ka + logCa) hoc pH = log( Ca)
2

(1)

: l in li

vi

Ka : hng s phn li ca axit

Ca : nng mol/l ca axit ( Ca 0,01 M )
V d 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M 250C . Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,8. 10-5
Gii
1
1
pH = - (logKa + logCa ) = - (log1,8. 10-5 + log0,1 ) = 2,87
2
2
V d 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch HCOOH 0,46 % ( D = 1 g/ml ). Cho in li ca HCOOH trong dung dch l
=2%
Gii
10.D.C %
10.1.0,46
2
Ta c : CM =
=
= 0,1 M => pH = - log ( . Ca ) = - log (
.0,1 ) = 2,7
M
46
100
Ca
2. Dung dch m (hn hp gm axit yu HA v mui NaA):
pH = (log Ka + log
)
(2)
Cm
V d : Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M v CH3COONa 0,1 M 250C.
Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,75. 10-5 , b qua s in li ca H2O.
0,1
C
) = 4,74
pH = - (logKa + log a ) = - (log1,75. 10-5 + log
0,1
Cm
3. Dung dch baz yu BOH:

pH = 14 +

1
(log Kb + logCb)
2

(3)

vi

Kb : hng s phn li ca baz

Ca : nng mol/l ca baz
V d : Tnh pH ca dung dch NH3 0,1 M . Cho KNH 3 = 1,75. 10-5
1
1
pH = 14 + (logKb + logCb ) = 14 + (log1,75. 10-5 + log0,1 ) = 11,13
2
2
II.

TNH HIU SUT PHN NG TNG HP NH3 :

H% = 2 2

%VNH

trong Y

MX
MY
=(

(4)
MX
MY

(5)

- 1).100

(X: hh ban u; Y: hh sau)

K: t l mol N2 v H2 l 1:3

V d : Tin hnh tng hp NH3 t hn hp X gm N2 v H2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 4,25 thu c hn hp Y

c t khi hi so vi H2 l 6,8. Tnh hiu sut tng hp NH3 .
Ta c : nN 2 : nH 2 = 1:3
8,5
M
H% = 2 - 2 X = 2 - 2
= 75 %
MY
13,6

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MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA V C
I.

BI TON V CO2
1. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2
iu kin: n nCO
Cng thc:
n = n OH - n CO
-

(6)

V d : Hp th ht 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc ) vo 350 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Tnh kt ta thu c.
Ta c : n CO 2 = 0,5 mol

n Ba(OH) 2 = 0,35 mol

=> nOH = 0,7 mol

nkt ta = nOH - nCO 2 = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol

mkt ta = 0,2 . 197 = 39,4 ( g )
2. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH v Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2
iu kin: nCO nCO
23

Cng thc:

n CO2- = nOH- - n CO2

3

(7)

(Cn so snh n CO vi nCa v nBa tnh lng kt ta)

23

V d 1 : Hp th ht 6,72 lt CO2 ( ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,6 M.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c .
nCO 2 = 0,3 mol
nNaOH = 0,03 mol
n Ba(OH)2= 0,18 mol
=> nOH = 0,39 mol
nCO 32 = nOH

- nCO 2 = 0,39- 0,3 = 0,09 mol

M nBa 2+ = 0,18 mol nn nkt ta = nCO 32 = 0,09 mol

mkt ta = 0,09 . 197 = 17,73 gam
V d 2 : Hp th ht 0,448 lt CO2 ( ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,06 M v Ba(OH)2 0,12 M
( TSH 2009 khi A )
thu c m gam kt ta . Tnh m ?
A. 3,94
B. 1,182
C. 2,364
D. 1,97
nCO 2 = 0,02 mol
nNaOH = 0,006 mol
n Ba(OH)2= 0,012 mol
=> nOH = 0,03 mol

nCO 32 = nOH

- nCO 2 = 0,03 - 0,02 = 0,01 mol

M nBa 2+ = 0,012 mol nn nkt ta = nCO 32 = 0,01 mol

mkt ta = 0,01 . 197 = 1,97 gam
3. Tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu
(Dng ny c 2 kt qu)
Cng thc: n CO = n
(8)
2

hoc

nCO2 = n

OH-

- n

(9)

V d : Hp th ht V lt CO2 ( ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch v Ba(OH)2 1 M thu c 19,7 gam kt ta . Tnh V ?
Gii
- n CO 2 = nkt ta = 0,1 mol => V CO 2 = 2,24 lt
- n CO 2 = nOH - nkt ta = 0,6 0,1 = 0,5 => V CO 2 = 11,2 lt
II.

BI TON V NHM KM
1. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)
Cng thc: n OH = 3n

hoc

OH -

= 4n Al3+ - n

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

(10)
(11)
2

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 c 31,2 gam kt ta .
Gii
Ta c hai kt qu :
n OH = 3.nkt ta = 3. 0,4 = 1,2 mol => V = 1,2 lt
n OH = 4. nAl 3+ - nkt ta = 4. 0,5 0,4 = 1,6 mol => V = 1,6 lt
2. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Al3+ v H+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2
kt qu)
n OH

min

= 3n + n H

n OH

max

= 4n Al3+ - n + n H

(12)

(13)

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,6 mol AlCl3 v 0,2
mol HCl c 39 gam kt ta .
Gii
n OH ( max ) = 4. nAl 3+ - nkt ta+ nH + = 4. 0,6 - 0,5 + 0,2 =2,1 mol => V = 2,1 lt
3. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu
(Dng ny c 2 kt qu)
Cng thc: n H = n
(14)
+

hoc

H+

(15)

= 4n AlO - 3n
2

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaAlO2 hoc Na [Al (OH ) 4 ] thu
c 39 gam kt ta .
Gii
Ta c hai kt qu :
nH + = nkt ta = 0,5 mol => V = 0,5 lt
nH + = 4. nAlO 2 - 3. nkt ta = 4.0,7 3.0,5 = 1,3 mol => V = 1,3 lt
4. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo hn hp dung dch NaOH v Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta theo
yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)
Cng thc: n H = n + n OH
(16)
+

hoc

H+

= 4n AlO - 3n + n OH

(17)

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M cc i vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,3 mol
NaAlO2 hoc Na [Al (OH ) 4 ] thu c 15,6 gam kt ta .
Gii
Ta c hai kt qu :
nH + (max) = 4. nAlO 2 - 3. nkt ta + n OH = 4.0,3 3.0,2 + 01 = 0,7 mol => V = 0,7 lt
5. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Zn2+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu):
nOH- = 2n
(18)

hoc

nOH- = 4n

Zn2+

- 2n

(19)

V d : Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 2M c 29,7 gam kt ta .
Gii
nkt ta= 0,3 mol
Ta c nZn 2+ = 0,4 mol
p dng CT 41 .
n OH ( min ) = 2.nkt ta = 2.0,3= 0,6 =>V ddNaOH = 0,6 lt
n OH ( max ) = 4. nZn 2+ - 2.nkt ta = 4.0,4 2.0,3 = 1 mol =>V ddNaOH = 1lt
III.

BI TON V HNO3
1. Kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d
a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d:

- iKL=ha tr kim loi trong mui nitrat

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

KL

.i KL = nspk .i spk

(20)

- isp kh: s e m N+5 nhn vo (Vd: iNO=5-2=3)

3

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

- Nu c Fe d tc dng vi HNO3 th s to mui Fe2+, khng to mui Fe3+

b. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c
NH4NO3)
Cng thc:

mMui = mKim loi + 62nsp kh . isp kh = mKim loi + 62 ( 3n NO + n NO + 8n N O + 10n N

2

(21)

c. Tnh lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c
NH4NO3)
mMui =

242
m hh + 8(3n NO + n NO2 + 8n N2 O + 10n N 2 )
( mhh + 8 nspk .ispk ) = 242
80
80

(22)

+) Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v cc oxt st tc dng vi HNO3 long d gii
phng kh NO.
242
mMui =
( mhn hp + 24 nNO )
80
V d : Ha tan ht 11,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c m
gam mui v 1,344 lt kh NO ( ktc ) l sn phm kh duy nht . Tm m ?.
Gii
242
242
mMui =
( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) =
( 11,36 + 24 .0,06 ) = 38,72 gam
80
80
+) Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bng HNO3 c nng, d
gii phng kh NO2 .
242
mMui =
( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 )
80
V d : Ha tan ht 6 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 c nng, d thu c 3,36 lt kh
NO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
242
242
mMui =
( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 ) =
( 6 + 8 .0,15 ) = 21,78 gam
80
80
d. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia:
n HNO3

= nspk .(isp kh +s N trong sp kh ) =

4n NO + 2n NO2 + 12n N2 + 10n N2O + 10n NH4 NO3

(23)

2. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 ln

+ HNO
R + O2
hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R)
R(NO3)n + SP Kh + H2O
3

mR=

MR
( mhh + 8. nspk .ispk ) = M80R mhh + 8(nNO2 + 3n NO + 8nN2O + 8nNH4NO3 + 10nN2 )
80

(24)

+) Cng thc tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X . Ha
tan ht X vi HNO3 c , nng ,d gii phng kh NO2.
56
mFe =
( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 )
80
V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 10 gam hn hp cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 c nng, d gii
phng 10,08 lt kh NO2 ( ktc) . Tm m ?
Gii
56
56
( mhn hp + 24 nNO 2 ) =
( 10 + 8. 0,45 ) = 9,52 gam
mFe =
80
80
+) Cng thc tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X . Ha
tan ht X vi HNO3 long d gii phng kh NO.
56
mFe =
( mhn hp + 24 nNO )
80
V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 3 gam cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 long d gii phng 0,56 lt
kh NO ( ktc). Tm m ?
Gii
56
56
mFe =
( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) =
( 3 + 0,025 ) = 2,52 gam
80
80
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MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

+) Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bng HNO3 d gii phng
kh NO v NO2 .
242
mMui =
( mhn hp + 24. nNO + 8. nNO 2 )
80
V d : Ha tan ht 7 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 d thu c 1,792 lt (ktc ) kh X
gm NO v NO2 v m gam mui . Bit dX/H 2 = 19. Tnh m ?
Ta c : nNO = nNO 2 = 0,04 mol
242
242
( mhn hp + 24 nNO + 8 nNO 2 ) =
( 7+ 24.0,04 + 8.0,04 )= 25,047 gam
mMui =
80
80
IV.

BI TON V H2SO4
1. Kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d
a. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat

mMui =

m KL +

96
nspk .ispk
2

a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d:

b. Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng: n H

= nspk .(

2 SO4

(25)

mKL + 96(3.nS +nSO +4n H S )

2
2
KL

.i KL = nspk .i spk

isp kh
+s Strong sp kh ) = 4nS
2

(26)
+ 2nSO + 5n H
2

2S

(27)

2. Hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d

mMui =

400
m
160

hh

+ 8.6n + 8.2n
+ 8.8nH S
2
S
SO2

(28)

+ Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng,
d gii phng kh SO2 .
400
mMui =
( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 )
160
V d : Ha tan ht 30 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng, d thu c 11,2 lt kh
SO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Gii
400
400
( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) =
( 30 + 16.0,5 ) = 95 gam
mMui =
160
160
3. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 ln
+ H SO
R + O2
hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R)
R(SO4)n + SP Kh + H2O
2

mR=

4 dac

MR
M
m hh + 8. n spk .i spk ) = R m hh + 8(2n SO2 + 6n S + 10n H2 S )
(
80
80

(29)

- n gin: nu l Fe: mFe = 0,7mhh + 5,6ne trao i; nu l Cu: mCu = 0,8.mhh + 6,4.ne trao i
V.

VI.

(30)

KIM LOI (R) TC DNG VI HCl, H2SO4 TO MUI V GII PHNG H2

tng (gim) khi lng dung dch phn ng ( m) s l:

Kim loi R (Ha tr x) tc dng vi axit thng:

m = m KL - m H 2

nR.x=2 nH 2

(31)
(32)

1. Kim loi + HCl Mui clorua + H2

mmuoi clorua = mKLp + 71.n H2

(33)

2. Kim loi + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2

mmuoi sunfat = mKLp + 96.nH2

(34)

MUI TC DNG VI AXIT: (C th chng minh cc CT bng phng php tng gim khi lng)
1. Mui cacbonat + ddHCl Mui clorua + CO2 + H2O

mmuoi clorua = mmuoi cacbonat + (71 - 60).nCO2

(35)

2. Mui cacbonat + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + CO2 + H2O

mmuoi sunfat = mmuoi cacbonat + (96 - 60)nCO 2

(36)

3. Mui sunfit + ddHCl Mui clorua + SO2 + H2O

mmuoi clorua = mmuoi sunfit - (80 - 71)nSO2

(37)

4. Mui sunfit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + SO2 + H2O

mmuoi sunfat = mmuoi sunfit + (96 - 80)nSO2

(38)

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

VII.

OXIT TC DNG VI AXIT TO MUI + H2O:

c th xem phn ng l: [O]+ 2[H] H2O

n O /oxit = n O / H 2O =

1
nH
2

(39)

1. Oxit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O

mmuoi sunfat = moxit + 80n H2 SO 4

(40)

2. Oxit + ddHCl Mui clorua + H2O

mmuoi clorua = moxit + 55nH2 O = moxit + 27, 5nHCl

(41)

3.
VIII.

CC PHN NG NHIT LUYN

1. Oxit tc dng vi cht kh
TH 1. Oxit + CO :
RxOy + yCO xR + yCO2 (1)
R l nhng kim loi sau Al.
Phn ng (1) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + CO CO2
TH 2. Oxit + H2 :
RxOy + yH2 xR + yH2O (2)
R l nhng kim loi sau Al.
Phn ng (2) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + H2 H2O
TH 3. Oxit + Al (phn ng nhit nhm) :
3RxOy + 2yAl 3xR + yAl2O3 (3)
Phn ng (3) c th vit gn nh sau: 3[O]oxit + 2Al Al2O3
n[O]/oxit = nCO = n H 2 = nCO2 =nH 2O

C 3 trng hp c CT chung:

(42)

m R = moxit - m[O]/oxit

2. Th tch kh thu c khi cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm (Al + FexOy) tc dng vi HNO3:
n kh =

i spk
3

[3n Al + ( 3x - 2y ) n Fe O ]
x

3. Tnh lng Ag sinh ra khi cho a(mol) Fe vo b(mol) AgNO3; ta so snh:

3a>b
nAg =b
3a<b

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

(43)

nAg =3a

(44)

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA HU C
1. Tnh s lin kt ca CxHyOzNtClm: k =

k=0: ch c lk n
2. Da vo phn ng chy:

n CO
S C =

nA

2+

n .(x
i

- 2)

2 + 2x + t - y - m

k=1: 1 lk i = 1 vng

(n: s nguyn t; x: ha tr) (45)

k=2: 1 lk ba=2 lk i = 2 vng

2n H O
S H=

nA

n Ankan(Ancol) = n H2O - n CO2

n CO - n H O = k.n A

* Lu : A l CxHy hoc CxHyOz mch h, khi chy cho:

3. Tnh s ng phn ca:
- Ancol no, n chc (CnH2n+1OH):

n Ankin = n CO2 - n H2O

2n-2

(46)

th A c s = (k+1)

(1<n<6)

(47)

(2<n<7)

(48)

V d : S ng phn ca ancol c cng thc phn t l :

a. C3H8O = 23-2 = 2
b. C4H10O = 24-2 = 4
c. C5H12O = 25-2 = 8
- Anehit n chc, no (CnH2nO) :

2n-3

V d : S ng phn ca anehit n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :

a. C4H8O = 24-3 = 2
b. C5H10O = 25-3 = 4
c. C6H12O = 26-3 = 8
- Axit no n chc, mch h CnH2nO2

2n 3

(2<n<7)

(49)

V d : S ng phn ca axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :

= 24-3 = 2
a. C4H8O2
b. C5H10O2 = 25-3 = 4
c. C6H12O2 = 26-3 = 8
- Este no, n chc (CnH2nO2):

2n-2

(1<n<5)

V d : S ng phn ca este n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :

= 22-2 = 1
b. C3H6O2 = 23-2 = 2
c. C4H8O2
a. C2H4O2
- Amin n chc, no (CnH2n+3N):

n-1

(1<n<5)

(50)

= 24-2 = 4
(51)

V d : S ng phn ca anin n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :

=1
b. C3H9N
= 23-1
= 3
c. C4H12N = 24-1
= 6
a. C2H7N = 22-1
( n 1).( n 2)
- Ete n chc, no (CnH2n+2O):
(2<n<5)
(52)
2
V d : S ng phn ca ete n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :
(3 1).(3 2)
(4 1).( 4 2)
(5 1).(5 2)
=1
b. C4H10O =
= 3
c. C5H12O =
= 6
a. C3H8O =
2
2
2
( n 2).( n 3)
- Xeton n chc, no (CnH2nO):
(3<n<7)
(53)
2
V d : S ng phn ca xeton n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :
( 4 2).( 4 3)
(5 2).(5 3)
(6 2).(6 3)
=1
b. C5H10O =
= 3
c. C6H12O =
= 6
a. C4H8O =
2
2
2
4. S Trieste to bi glixerol v n axit bo

n2(n+1)

(54)

V d : un nng hn hp gm glixerol vi 2 axit bo l axit panmitic v axit stearic ( xc tc H2SO4 c) th thu

c bao nhiu trieste ?
2 2 ( 2 + 1)
S trieste
=
=6
2
5. Tnh s n peptit ti a to bi x amino axit khc nhau xn

(55)

V d : C ti a bao nhiu ipeptit, tripeptit thu c t hn hp gm 2 amino axit l glyxin v alanin ?

S ipeptit = 22 = 4
S tripeptit = 23 = 8
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

n (n + 1)
(56)
2
V d : un nng hn hp gm 2 ancol n chc no vi H2SO4 c 1400c c hn hp bao nhiu ete ?
2 ( 2 + 1)
=3
S ete
=
2
n
7. S nhm este = NaOH
(57)
n este
6. Tnh s ete to bi n ancol n chc:

8. Amino axit A c CTPT (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y

x=

n HCl
nA

y=

n NaOH
nA

9. Cng thc tnh s C ca ancol no, ete no hoc ca ankan da vo phn ng chy :
nCO2
S C ca ancol no hoc ankan =
( Vi nH 2 O > n CO 2 )
n H 2O nCO2

(58)

(59)

V d 1 : t chy mt lng ancol no n chc A c 15,4 gam CO2 v 9,45 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn
t ca A ?
nCO2
0,35
S C ca ancol no =
=2
=
n H 2O nCO2
0,525 0,35
Vy A c cng thc phn t l C2H6O
V d 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon A thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 16,2 gam H2O . Tm cng
thc phn t ca A ?
( Vi nH 2 O = 0,7 mol > n CO 2 = 0,6 mol ) => A l ankan
nCO2
0,6
S C ca ankan =
=
=6
n H 2O nCO2
0,7 0,6
Vy A c cng thc phn t l C6H14
10. Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc notheo khi lng CO2 v khi
lng H2O :
mCO2
mancol = mH O (60)
2
11
V d : Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc no, mch h thu c 2,24 lt CO2 ( ktc ) v
7,2 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng ca ancol ?
mCO2
4,4
= 7,2 = 6,8
mancol = mH O 2
11
11
11. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo
dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH.
ba
mA = MA
(61)
m
V d : Cho m gam glyxin vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,5
mol NaOH. Tm m ? ( Mglyxin = 75 )
0,5 0,3
= 15 gam
m = 75
1
12. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo
dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl.
ba
mA = MA
(62)
n
V d : Cho m gam alanin vo dung dch cha 0,375 mol NaOH . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi
0,575 mol HCl . Tm m ? ( Malanin = 89 )
0,575 0,375
mA = 89
= 17,8 gam
1
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MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

13. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt anken da vo phn t khi ca hn hp anken v H2 trc v
sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng.
o

Ni ,t c
Anken ( M1) + H2
A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha anken hon ton )
( M 2 2) M 1
(63)
S n ca anken (CnH2n ) =
14( M 2 M 1 )
V d : Cho X l hn hp gm olefin M v H2 , c t khi hi so vi H2 l 5 . Dn X qua bt Ni nung nng
phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp hi Y c t khi so vi H2 l 6,25 .
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M.
M1= 10 v M2 = 12,5
(12,5 2)10
=3
Ta c : n =
14(12,5 10)
M c cng thc phn t l C3H6
14. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt ankin da vo phn t khi ca hn hp ankin v H2 trc v
sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng.
o

Ni ,t c
Ankin ( M1) + H2
A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha ankin hon ton )
2( M 2 2) M 1
S n ca ankin (CnH2n-2 ) =
14( M 2 M 1 )
Mx
15.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anken:
H% = 2- 2
My

16.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit no n chc:

H% = 2- 2

MA
-1
MX
V
18.Cng thc xc nh phn t ankan A da vo phn ng tch: MA = hhX M X
VA

17.Cng thc tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ng tch:

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%A =

(64)
(65)
Mx
My

(66)
(67)
(68)