PAPER 2 Time: One hour and thirty minutes SECTION A [40 marks] Answer all questions. 1 Diagram 1 shows one of the systems in the human body. Bee A Diagram 1 (a) On Diagram 1, label organs P,Q and R using the following words. Lung Kidney Urinary bladder 7 [3 marks} (b) Name the system in Diagram 1. [1 mark] (0) State two functions of the system in Diagram 1. 1, 2 [2 marks} 1042 Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show sources of energy. Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2 (a) In the spaces provided on Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2, name the sources of energy. [2 marks] (b) State the energy changes which occur in Diagram 2.1. [1 mark] (0) Based on Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2, state two advantages of any of those sources of energy. 1, 2. [2 marks} (d) State two uses of the sources of energy in Diagram 2.2. 1. 2 [2 marks] 1063 Diagram 3 shows three beakers, X, Y and Z, each containing 100 cm* of distilled water. Different quantities of salt are put into each beaker. The solutions are then stirred using a glass rod. Glass rod- 100 cm? of It sol distilled water Salt solution 20g of salt Boake Beaker X Glass rod 100 em’ of distilled water Salt solution 80 g of salt Glass rod. 100 cm’ of distilled water Salt solution 200 g of salt Salt Diagram 3 (a) Name the solvent used. [1 mark] (b) State one difference between the salt solutions in beaker Y and beaker Z. [1 mark] 108(©) State two ways to dissolve the undissolved salt in beaker Z. 1 2. [2 marks] (d) An egg sinks when it is placed in the salt solution in beaker X. (i) Suggest one way in which egg could be made to float. {1 mark] (ii) Give one explanation for your answer in 3 (d)(i). [1 mark] 4 Diagram 4.1 shows a human respiratory system. Diagram 4.1 (a) Using the letters in Diagram 4.1, complete the diagram below to show the air flow during inhalation. [2 marks] (b) What will happen to structure K during the process of exhalation? [1 mark] 110() Diagram 4.2 shows a worker in a cement factory wearing a mask. Diagram 4.2 What is the effect on the lungs of the worker if he neglects to wear the mask while working? {1 mark] (d) Diagram 4.3 shows the structure of an alveolus. Alveolus Blood capillaries Diagram 4.3 ‘The process of gaseous exchange happens between the alveolus and the blood capillaries. (i) Name the gases involved. [2 marks] (ii) Explain how this proces can happen. [1 mark] 125 Diagram 5 shows three identical handkerchiefs, P, Q and R. All the handkerchiefs are wet and are dried under the hot sun for 2 hours in the following manner. Handkerchief P is folded into 4, handkerchief Q is folded into 2 and handkerchief R is not folded. gall Diagram 5 (a) (i) Which handkerchief will dry first? [1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for your answers in 5(a)(i). [1 mark] (b) Haris wears a wet shirt. He stands under a moving fan to dry the shirt. Explain how the situation can help Haris to dry his shirt. [2 marks] (©) Dried fish are normally processed by exposing them under the sunlight. Explain one method to make the fish dry faster. Method: Explanation: [2 marks] 446. Diagram 6.1 shows bottles, P,Q, R and $ containing green pea seeds in different conditions. ‘Thick black. paper Damp sawdust —— Damp sawdust Layer of ofl Dry sawdust Cooled boiled water Bottle R Diagram 6.1 (a) Give one reason why. the size of the seeds in bottle Q increases and the testas burst after 24 hours. [1 mark] (b) After two days the seeds in bottle P and bottle Q germinate, but the seeds in bottle S do not germinate. What are the effects of using the following substances in bottle $? (i) Oil [1 mark] (i) Cooled boiled water [1 mark] (©) What should be done so that the seeds in bottle $ germinate? [1 mark] 1167 (d) Why do the seeds in bottle P germinate although the bottle is covered with thick black paper? (c) The dry sawdust in bottle R is replaced by damp newspaper. It was found out that the green pea seeds in bottle R germinate after two days. Why? {1 mark) (f) Give two ways in which a farmer can store the vegetable seeds so that the seeds do not germinate. L 2. Diagram 7 shows four types of cells, J, K, L and M which are found in living organisms. [1 mark] [2 marks] SECTION B {20 marks} Answers all questions. (a) Observe the cells in Diagram 7. Based on your observation, state one characteristic of each cells J, K, L and M. J K: Diagram 7 [4 marks] 118(0) Classify cells J, K, Land M in Diagram 7 into two groups based on their common characterisitics. Write the letters of the cells belonging to each group, feu Group 1 Group 2 Common characteristics Letters of the cells [4 marks] 8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a worker pulling a load of 50 kg on two different surfaces. Rough cement surface Tiled surface Situation A. Situation B Diagram 8.1 (i) Based on your observations in Diagram 8.1, state the difference in friction faced by the worker during the process of pulling the load in Situation A and Situation B. [1 mark] 120(i) What inference can be made based on Situation A and Situation B in Diagram 8.1? [1 mark} (iii) State one hypothesis based on your observations in Diagram 8.1. {1 mark] (b) A student carried out an experiment to investigate Situation A and Situation B. Diagram 8.2 shows an experiment to determine the types of surface which affect the magnitude of frictional force. Wooden Block Zz Pencils: Diagram 8.2 Based on Diagram 8.2 record the readings of the spring balance in Table 8.3. Surface Reading of spring balance / N x Y Zz Table 8.3 [3 marks} 122(©) Based on the reading in Table 8.3, draw a bar chart to show the readings of the spring balance with the different surface. Reading of spring balance/N x Y Zz Surface [2 marks} State the variables involved in this experiment. Manipulated variable Responding variable Constant variable [3 marks] (c) Based on Diagram 8.2, state the operational definition of frictional force. (1 mark] 124