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Using FLUENT's Erosion Model To Investigate PDF
Using FLUENT's Erosion Model To Investigate PDF
Introduction
The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate the erosion model for analyzing the erosion
phenomenon due to particles impinging on a 3D elbow bend. The erosion phenomenon is
quite common in many engineering applications, including rotary machines.
This tutorial demostrates how to do the following:
Use the erosion model to analyze erosion in a 3D elbow bend.
Use the discrete phase model.
Set up and solve the case with appropriate solver settings.
Postprocess the resulting data.
Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the FLUENT interface and that you have a
good understanding of the basic setup and solution procedures. Some of the basic steps in
the setup and solution procedures will not be shown explicitly. You should be familiar with
the discrete phase model. If you are not, you can refer to the FLUENT 6.3 Users Guide.
Problem Description
The problem to be considered is shown in the Figure 1. The configuration consists of a pipe
with two 90 degree bends. Water flow is confined in the pipe from inlet to outlet.
Water enters at the inlet with 10 m/s normal velocity and the outlet is assumed to be an
outflow boundary. Turbulent, isothermal, and steady state conditions will be considered to
solve the flow field.
Particles of density 1500 kg/m3 are released from the inlet of the pipe with an initial velocity
of 10 m/s. Diameter of the particles is 200 microns and the solid mass flow rate is 1 kg/m3 .
The normal and tangential reflection coefficient for the wall boundary is a polynomial
function of the particle impact angle. In the setup of the erosion model, the impact angle
function is defined to represent ductile erosion on the wall of the pipe (i.e. particles that
impact the wall at a shallow angle will cause a higher erosion rate than particles that impact
the wall at higher angles).
In this tutorial, the diameter function is defined at a value of 1.8e9 . The velocity exponent
function is set to a constant value of 2.6, which is consistent with the value in the open
literature for sand.
Y
X
Z
Grid
Step 3: Models
1. Select the standard k- turbulence model and retain the default values.
Define Model Viscous...
2. Define the discrete phase model.
Define Model Discrete Phase...
(a) Enable Interaction with Continuous Phase.
(b) Set the Number of Continuous Phase Iterations per DPM Iteration to 5.
(c) Enter 10000 for Max. Number Of Steps in the Tracking Parameters group box.
(d) Set the Step Length Factor to 5.
(e) Click the Physical Models tab and enable Erosion/Accretion from the Options list.
(f) Click OK to close the Discrete Phase Model panel.
Step 4: Materials
Define Materials...
1. Copy water-liquid (h2o<l>) from the Fluent Database.
Note: As the discrete phase injection is yet to be defined, the inert-particle material
type will not be available under Material Type. Therefore, after you define the
discrete phase injection, you will need to revisit the Materials panel to define the
inert particle material.
Step 5: Operating Conditions
Define Operating Conditions...
1. Retain the default operating conditions.
Parameter
Z-Velocity
Diameter
Total Flow Rate
Value
10
0.0002
1
Coefficient
1
2
3
4
Value
0.993
-0.0307
4.75e-04
-2.61e-06
Coefficient
1
2
3
4
Value
0.988
-0.029
6.43e-04
-3.56e-06
Angle
0
20
30
45
90
Value
0
0.8
1
0.5
0.4
Residuals
continuity
x-velocity
y-velocity
z-velocity
k
epsilon
1e+05
1e+04
1e+03
1e+02
1e+01
1e+00
1e-01
1e-02
1e-03
1e-04
0
Y
Z
Scaled Residuals
50
100
150
200
250
300
Iterations
10
3. Clip a surface from the wall surface for displaying results in a specified range (i.e., the
lower elbow bend).
Surface Iso-clip...
(a) Select Grid and Z-Coordinate from the Clip to Values of drop-down lists.
(b) Select wall from the Clip Surface selection list and click Compute.
(c) Enter 0.17 for Min and click Clip.
A new surface, clip-z-coordinate-4, will be displayed in the Clip Surface list.
(d) Select Grid and Y-Coordinate from the Clip to Values of drop-down lists.
(e) Select the new surface, clip-z-coordinate-4 from the Clip Surface selection list and
click Compute.
(f) Enter 0.08 for Max and click Clip.
A new surface, clip-y-coordinate-5, will be displayed in the Clip Surface list.
(g) Click Manage... to open the Surfaces panel.
i. Delete clip-z-coordinate-4 from the Surfaces selection list.
ii. Rename clip-y-coordinate-5 to elbow-1.
iii. Close the Surfaces panel.
(h) Close the Iso-Clip panel.
4. Display filled contours of DPM erosion for elbow-1 (Figure 7).
Display Contours...
(a) Make sure that Filled is enabled and Node Values is disabled from the Options
list.
(b) Select Discrete Phase Model... and DPM Erosion from the Contours of drop-down
lists.
(c) Select elbow-1 from the Surfaces selection list and click Display.
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6. Clip a surface from the wall surface for displaying results in a specified range (i.e., the
upper elbow bend).
(a) Select Grid and Y-Coordinate from the Clip to Values of drop-down lists.
(b) Select wall from the Clip Surface selection list and click Compute.
(c) Change the value for Min from -0.0254 to 0.17 and click Clip.
A new surface, clip-y-coordinate-5, will be displayed in the Clip Surface list.
(d) Select Grid and X-Coordinate from the Clip to Values of drop-down lists.
(e) Select the new surface, clip-y-coordinate-5 from the Clip Surface selection list and
click Compute.
(f) Enter 0.08 for Max and click Clip.
A new surface, clip-x-coordinate-6, will be displayed in the Clip Surface list.
(g) Click Manage... to open the Surfaces panel.
i. Delete clip-y-coordinate-5 from the Surfaces selection list.
ii. Rename clip-x-coordinate-6 to elbow-2.
iii. Close the Surfaces panel.
(h) Close the Iso-Clip panel.
7. Display filled contours of DPM erosion for elbow-2 (Figure 8).
(a) Make sure that Filled is enabled and Node Values is disbaled from the Options
list.
(b) Select Discrete Phase Model... and DPM Erosion from the Contours of drop-down
lists.
(c) Select elbow-2 from the Surfaces selection list and click Display.
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Results
Postprocessing the erosion results from FLUENT will help determine, how geometry changes,
changes to the fluid properties, or boundary condition changes to the erosion model will
impact the DPM erosion in your model.
Summary
In this tutorial, the postprocessing capabilities of FLUENT were demonstrated for analyzing
erosion phenomenon due to particles impinging on a 3D elbow bend.
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