1

1918-1989
.

.
1929
.
John
Maynard Keynes. -

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2
1929 ,

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1945
1970.


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1929

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3
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Temin & Toniolo (1997), Lewis (1965). Clough & Rapp (1979) Tuma
(1999), Tomlinson (1981).

2.

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5

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Screpanti & Zamagni (2004).

6
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24 1929
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1930
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3

1929 Brunner (1982), Temin (1976), Temin (1991).

Mazower (2002) (2003).

8
,
1932,
.
Herbert Hoover ,
Hawley Smoot
33%. , ,
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1931 ... Franklin D. Roosevelt 4 .
: 1925
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J. M. Keynes 5 . 1920
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Galbraith

(2000).
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Keynes

Keynes (1919) Keynes (1923).

9
21 1931 de facto
35%. (1932)

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1936 ,

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170 70-75%
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de facto .

10
1929
.
Roosevelt.
New Deal Roosevelt ,
,

.

:
1.
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Authority.
3.
(National Recovery Administration).
:
1. 1933 1935:
(Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation).
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.
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.
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.
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, 10%
1929.
,
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11
1932, . ,
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(Grossraumwirtschaft) 7 . , 1936


.

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1936
Lon Blum. , ,

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.
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12

8 .
Ernst Wigforss
Bertil Ohlin, Erik Lindhal,
Gunnar Myrdal.
.

5. JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES 9

Keynes 10 1936

.
8

Schumpeter (1939) Schumpeter

(1942).
9

Keynes, Schumpeter

(1954) Heilbroner (2000). Schackle (1967)

Pigou (1933).
10

John Maynard Keynes (1883 1946). John Maynard Keynes Cambridge

1883. 1908
Cambridge. ,
.
Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919
A Tract on
Monetary Reform 1923
. ,
A Treatise on Money 1930 General Theory 1936.



. Keynes,


. , ,

Hicks -

13
Keynes
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1929.

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14

, Keynes
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,

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Keynes :


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Keynes, J. M. (1936), . v-vi.

13

, . viii.

14

Keynes, J. M., .., 372.

15

15

Keynes Say, , ,

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16
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Keynes General Theory

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18

Keynes, J. M. (1936), 31.

19

, 141.

20

, 380.

17
1929 ,
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21

, 267.

22

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23

, 377.

18

6. 1944-89 24

1944 1989

.
70
.
1973-1978
.



.

. 40 ,
.
, ,
.

/ /.


Keynes.
.
.
.
24

Hobsbawm (2002), Perry & Tobin (2000)

Winch (1972).,
Maddison (2000).

19
.

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11,8 .

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.

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20
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1973 1978

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21

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22
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. 1980 80%
.

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1979
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1992

23
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1973-1979
25

25

. Hicks (1974), Leijonhufvud (1968).

(1990).

24

, Milton Friedman 26 Friedrich August von Hayek.
Margaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan ,

.
Milton Friedman 27

.


.
,
.

.
(real balance effect).
,
, .
26

Friedman Friedman & Schwarz (1963).

Friedman (1957), Friedman

(1960), Friedman (1967) Friedman (1969). Friedman (1953)
.
27

Milton Friedman (1912 2007). O Milton Friedman 1912

. 1965 1990

.
Friedman

. (money matters)
.

.
Friedman
. 1976 Nobel
80.
Friedman .

25
,

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28 ,

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Robert Lucas
. .

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, , Friedman

Friedman (1962) Friedman & Friedman (1990).

26
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27
Friedrich A. von Hayek 29 ,
.

.
Hayek ,

.

.
.


. ,
Hayek
30 .
Hayek
, 30,
Keynes . , Hayek,
. 31 .

29

Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899 1992). O Friedrich Hayek 1899

.
, .
1930
.

.
.

.
Friedman, Hayek 80.
,
. K
. Hayek .
30

Hayek (1931), Hayek (1933) Hayek (1941).

31

Mises (1949).

28
. .
Hayek

.
.
,
.
.
Hayek 30

. 80,
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.
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. .
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.

.
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.

9.

,
80.
,
1929.
, ,

.

29
, John
Maynard Keynes,
. ,
70,

. , , 1973 1978,
,
,
. , Milton Friedman Friedrich A.
von Hayek ,
.
90 .
1989
,
, .
.

. ,
,
. ,
,
.
.
,
.

1. 1918 1940.

;

30

2.
;
3. 1929;
4. New Deal; ,
;
5. 1929;
. , , ;
6.
J. M. Keynes; .
7.
1970;
.
8. 70 ;
9. ;
.
10. ;
;
11.
1958; .
12.
;

31

, .
.
.

32

Clough, S. & R. Rapp (1979) .

, & , :
Galbraith, J. K. (2000) 1929, . . , :
. .
Heilbroner, R. (2000) , :
Hobsbawm, E. J. (2002) . 1914-1991,
, . . , :
Keynes, J. M. (1936) , ,
. . (2001), . . , . . , :
Mazower, M. (2002) , :
Screpanti, E. & S. Zamagni (2004) , . . ,
. . , :
Tuma, E. (1999) , & , . . .
, : Gutenberg
, . (2003) , :
/
, . (1990) :
, :

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33
Brunner, K. (Ed.) (1982) The Great Depression Revisited, 2nd Ed., Kluwer Nijhoff
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Feinstein, C. H., P. Temin & G. Toniolo (1997) European Economy between the Wars,
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Friedman, M. & A. Schwarz (1963) A Monetary History of the United States 1867-1960,
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Friedman, M. & R. Friedman (1990) Free to Choose, New York: Harcourt
Friedman, M. (1953) Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Friedman, M. (1957) A Theory of the Consumption Function, Princeton N. J.: Princeton
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Friedman, M. (1960) A Program for Monetary Stability, New York: Fordham University
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Friedman, M. (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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34
Schackle, G. L. S. (1967) The Years of High Theory. Invention and Tradition in
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