Budynas SM ch03 PDF

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Page 14
Chapter 3
3-1
W
W
2
2
B
A
RA
RB
B
RA
RB
1
(a)
(b)
1
1
RD
RC
RA RB
(c)
W
1
RC
RB
RA
RB
2
RA
W
(d)
(e)
A
2
W
RBx B
RBx
1
RB
RBy
RBy
Scale of
corner magnified
(f)
RA
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15
Chapter 3
3-2
(a)
2 kN
R A = 2 sin 60 = 1.732 kN
RB
60
90
R B = 2 sin 30 = 1 kN
2
2 kN
30
60
RB
Ans.
Ans.
RA
30
RA
(b)
RA
0.4 m
S = 0.6 m
= tan1
45
800 N
0.6
= 30.96
0.4 + 0.6
0.6 m
RO
O
s
RA
800
=
sin 135
sin 30.96
RO
800
=
sin 14.04
sin 30.96
RO
RA
135
30.96
800 N
45 30.96 14.04
R A = 1100 N
R O = 377 N
Ans.
Ans.
30.96
(c)
1.2
= 2.078 kN Ans.
tan 30
1.2
= 2.4 kN Ans.
RA =
sin 30
1.2 kN
RO =
30
RA
RO
60
90
60
1.2 kN
RA
RO
(d) Step 1: Find R A and R E
4.5
= 7.794 m
tan 30

MA = 0
+
h=
4.5 m
30
y
400 N
9R E 7.794(400 cos 30) 4.5(400 sin 30) = 0

R E = 400 N Ans.
h
B
RAx
RA
D
60
A
RAy
E
9m

RE
Fx = 0
R Ax + 400 cos 30 = 0
R Ax = 346.4 N
Fy = 0
R Ay + 400 400 sin 30 = 0 R Ay = 200 N

R A = 346.42 + 2002 = 400 N Ans.
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Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
Step 2: Find components of RC on link 4 and R D

(RCy)4
MC = 0
+
(RCx)4
400(4.5) (7.794 1.9) R D = 0

Fx = 0 ( RC x ) 4 = 305.4 N

Fy = 0 ( RC y ) 4 = 400 N
4
RD
R D = 305.4 N
Ans.
E
400 N
Step 3: Find components of RC on link 2

(RCy)2
Fx = 0
(RCx)2
( RC x ) 2 + 305.4 346.4 = 0

Fy = 0
( RC x ) 2 = 41 N
( RC y ) 2 = 200 N
305.4 N
346.4 N
A
200 N
400 N
200 N
41 N
200 N
C
305.4 N
400 N
C
41 N
305.4 N
30
Pin C
400 N
305.4 N
346.4 N
305.4 N
A
200 N
400 N
400 N
Ans.
3-3
(a)
40 lbf
4"
60 lbf
4"
6"
A
R1
4"
30 lbf
R2
+
18(60) + 14R2 + 8(30) 4(40) = 0

R2 = 71.43 lbf

Fy = 0: R1 40 + 30 + 71.43 60 = 0
R1 = 1.43 lbf
60
11.43
41.43
M
(lbf in)
O
M4
M1
M2
M3
M0 = 0
V (lbf)
O
1.43
M1
M2
M3
M4
= 1.43(4) = 5.72 lbf in

= 5.72 41.43(4) = 171.44 lbf in
= 171.44 11.43(6) = 240 lbf in
= 240 + 60(4) = 0 checks!
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17
Chapter 3
(b)
O
MO
4 kN/m
2 kN
200 mm
RO
150 mm
R0 = 2 + 4(0.150) = 2.6 kN

M0 = 0
150 mm
M0 = 2000(0.2) + 4000(0.150)(0.425)
= 655 N m
V (kN)
2.6
0.6
M1 = 655 + 2600(0.2) = 135 N m
M
(N m)
M3
M2 = 135 + 600(0.150) = 45 N m
1
M3 = 45 + 600(0.150) = 0 checks!
2
M2
M1
655
(c)
Fy = 0
1000 lbf
6 ft
4 ft
M0 = 0: 10R2 6(1000) = 0
Fy = 0: R1 1000 + 600 = 0
R2 = 600 lbf
R2
R1
V (lbf)
400
600
M
(lbf ft)
M1
M2
(d)
2 ft
+
2000 lbf
1000 lbf
6 ft
2 ft
R2
R1
1200
M1 = 400(6) = 2400 lbf ft

M2 = 2400 600(4) = 0 checks!
200
MC = 0
10R1 + 2(2000) + 8(1000) = 0

R1 = 1200 lbf

Fy = 0: 1200 1000 2000 + R2 = 0
R2 = 1800 lbf
1800
M
M1
O
M2
M3
M1 = 1200(2) = 2400 lbf ft

M2 = 2400 + 200(6) = 3600 lbf ft
M3 = 3600 1800(2) = 0 checks!
R1 = 400 lbf
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(e)
400 lbf
4 ft
+
800 lbf
3 ft B 3 ft
A
R1
R1 = 171.4 lbf

Fy = 0: 171.4 400 + R2 800 = 0
R2
V (lbf)
800
R2 = 1371.4 lbf
O
171.4
MB = 0
7R1 + 3(400) 3(800) = 0
571.4
M
M3
M1 = 171.4(4) = 685.7 lbf ft

M2 = 685.7 571.4(3) = 2400 lbf ft
M3 = 2400 + 800(3) = 0 checks!
M1
M2
(f) Break at A
40 lbf/in
1
R1 = V A = 40(8) = 160 lbf
2
8"
R1
VA
+
320 lbf
160 lbf
A B
2"
5"
5"
D
R3
40 lbf/in
320 lbf
x
160 lbf
352 lbf
MD = 0
12(160) 10R2 + 320(5) = 0

R2 = 352 lbf
R2
128 lbf
Fy = 0
160 + 352 320 + R3 = 0

R3 = 128 lbf
V (lbf)
192
160
O
128
160
M
M4
M1
M5
M2
M3
1
M1 = 160(4) = 320 lbf in
2
1
M2 = 320 160(4) = 0 checks! (hinge)
2
M3 = 0 160(2) = 320 lbf in
M4 = 320 + 192(5) = 640 lbf in
M5 = 640 128(5) = 0
checks!
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Chapter 3
3-4
(a)
q = R1 x1 40x 41 + 30x 81 + R2 x 141 60x 181

V = R1 40x 40 + 30x 80 + R2 x 140 60x 180
M = R1 x 40x 41 + 30x 81 + R2 x 141 60x 181
for x = 18+
V =0
and M = 0
0 = R1 40 + 30 + R2 60
(1)
(2)
Eqs. (1) and (2) give
R1 + R2 = 70
0 = R1 (18) 40(14) + 30(10) + 4R2
(3)
9R1 + 2R2 = 130
Solve (3) and (4) simultaneously to get R1 = 1.43 lbf, R2 = 71.43 lbf.
(4)
Ans.
From Eqs. (1) and (2), at x = 0 , V = R1 = 1.43 lbf, M = 0

x = 4+ :
x = 8+ :
V
V
M
x = 14+ : V
M
+
x = 18 : V
= 1.43 40 = 41.43, M = 1.43x

= 1.43 40 + 30 = 11.43
= 1.43(8) 40(8 4) 1 = 171.44
= 1.43 40 + 30 + 71.43 = 60
= 1.43(14) 40(14 4) + 30(14 8) = 240 .
= 0, M = 0 See curves of V and M in Prob. 3-3 solution.
(b) q = R0 x1 M0 x2 2000x 0.21 4000x 0.350 + 4000x 0.50

V = R0 M0 x1 2000x 0.20 4000x 0.351 + 4000x 0.51
M = R0 x M0 2000x 0.21 2000x 0.352 + 2000x 0.52
(1)
(2)
at x = 0.5+ m, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give

R0 2000 4000(0.5 0.35) = 0 R1 = 2600 N = 2.6 kN
R0 (0.5) M0 2000(0.5 0.2) 2000(0.5 0.35) 2 = 0
Ans.
with R0 = 2600 N, M0 = 655 N m Ans.

With R0 and M0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give the same V and M curves as Prob. 3-3 (note for
V, M0 x1 has no physical meaning).
q = R1 x1 1000x 61 + R2 x 101
V = R1 1000x 60 + R2 x 100
M = R1 x 1000x 61 + R2 x 101
(c)
(1)
(2)
at x = 10+ ft, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give

R1 1000 + R2 = 0
10R1 1000(10 6) = 0
0 x 6:
6 x 10:
R1 + R2 = 1000
R1 = 400 lbf , R2 = 1000 400 = 600 lbf
V = 400 lbf, M = 400x

V = 400 1000(x 6) 0 = 600 lbf
M = 400x 1000(x 6) = 6000 600x
See curves of Prob. 3-3 solution.

(d)
q = R1 x1 1000x 21 2000x 81 + R2 x 101

V = R1 1000x 20 2000x 80 + R2 x 100
M = R1 x 1000x 21 2000x 81 + R2 x 101
(1)
(2)
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At x = 10+ , V = M = 0 from Eqs. (1) and (2)

R1 1000 2000 + R2 = 0
R1 + R2 = 3000
10R1 1000(10 2) 2000(10 8) = 0
R1 = 1200 lbf ,
R2 = 3000 1200 = 1800 lbf
0 x 2:
2 x 8:
V = 1200 lbf, M = 1200x lbf ft

V = 1200 1000 = 200 lbf
M = 1200x 1000(x 2) = 200x + 2000 lbf ft
8 x 10:
V = 1200 1000 2000 = 1800 lbf

M = 1200x 1000(x 2) 2000(x 8) = 1800x + 18 000 lbf ft
Plots are the same as in Prob. 3-3.

(e)
q = R1 x1 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101

V = R1 400x 40 + R2 x 70 800x 100
M = R1 x 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101
(1)
(2)
at x = 10+ , V = M = 0
R1 400 + R2 800 = 0
10R1 400(6) + R2 (3) = 0
R1 + R2 = 1200
10R1 + 3R2 = 2400
(3)
(4)
Solve Eqs. (3) and (4) simultaneously: R1 = 171.4 lbf, R2 = 1371.4 lbf
0 x 4:
4 x 7:
V = 171.4 lbf, M = 171.4x lbf ft

V = 171.4 400 = 571.4 lbf
M = 171.4x 400(x 4) lbf ft = 571.4x + 1600
7 x 10: V = 171.4 400 + 1371.4 = 800 lbf
M = 171.4x 400(x 4) + 1371.4(x 7) = 800x 8000 lbf ft
Plots are the same as in Prob. 3-3.
(f) q = R1 x1 40x0 + 40x 80 + R2 x 101 320x 151 + R3 x 20

V = R1 40x + 40x 81 + R2 x 100 320x 150 + R3 x 200
(1)
2
2
1
1
1
M = R1 x 20x + 20x 8 + R2 x 10 320x 15 + R3 x 20
(2)
2
M = 0 at x = 8 in 8R1 20(8) = 0 R1 = 160 lbf
at x = 20+ ,
V and M = 0
160 40(20) + 40(12) + R2 320 + R3 = 0

160(20) 20(20) 2 + 20(12) 2 + 10R2 320(5) = 0
R2 + R3 = 480
R2 = 352 lbf
R3 = 480 352 = 128 lbf
2
0 x 8:
V = 160 40x lbf, M = 160x 20x lbf in
8 x 10: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) = 160 lbf ,
M = 160x 20x 2 + 20(x 8) 2 = 1280 160x lbf in
10 x 15: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 = 192 lbf
M = 160x 20x 2 + 20(x 8) + 352(x 10) = 192x 2240
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Chapter 3
15 x 20:
V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 320 = 128 lbf

M = 160x 20x 2 20(x 8) + 352(x 10) 320(x 15)
= 128x + 2560
Plots of V and M are the same as in Prob. 3-3.

3-5 Solution depends upon the beam selected.
3-6
(a) Moment at center, xc = (l 2a)/2

2

wl l
w l
l
Mc =
=
(l 2a)
a
2 2
2
2 4
At reaction, |Mr | = wa 2 /2
a = 2.25, l = 10 in, w = 100 lbf/in
100(10)
Mc =
2

10
2.25 = 125 lbf in
4
100(2.252 )
Mr =
= 253.1 lbf in
2
(b) Minimum occurs when Mc = |Mr |

wl l
wa 2
a =
2 4
2
Ans.
a 2 + al 0.25l 2 = 0
Taking the positive root

l
1
a=
2 1 = 0.2071l
l + l 2 + 4(0.25l 2 ) =
2
2
for l = 10 in and w = 100 lbf,
Mmin = (100/2)[(0.2071)(10)]2 = 214 lbf in
3-7 For the ith wire from bottom, from summing forces vertically
(a)
Ti
xi
Ti = (i + 1)W
a
W
Ans.
iW
From summing moments about point a,

Ma = W (l xi ) i W xi = 0
Giving,
xi =
l
i +1
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So
l
l
=
1+1
2
l
l
x=
=
2+1
3
l
l
y=
=
3+1
4
l
l
z=
=
4+1
5
W =
(b) With straight rigid wires, the mobile is not stable. Any perturbation can lead to all wires
becoming collinear. Consider a wire of length l bent at its string support:
Ti

il
i1
l
i1
iW
Ma = 0
Ma =
iWl
ilW
cos
cos = 0
i +1
i +1
iWl
(cos cos ) = 0
i +1
Moment vanishes when = for any wire. Consider a ccw rotation angle , which
makes + and
iWl
[cos( + ) cos( )]
i +1
2i W l
. 2i W l
sin sin =
sin
=
i +1
i +1
Ma =
There exists a correcting moment of opposite sense to arbitrary rotation . An equation

for an upward bend can be found by changing the sign of W . The moment will no longer
be correcting. A curved, convex-upward bend of wire will produce stable equilibrium
too, but the equation would change somewhat.
3-8
(a)
1
cw
2s
2p
2
C
R
(6, 4
ccw
ccw
y
)
2
1
12 + 6
=9
2
12 6
CD =
=3
2

R = 32 + 42 = 5
C=
(12, 4cw)
1 = 5 + 9 = 14
2 = 9 5 = 4
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23
Chapter 3

1 1 4
= 26.6 cw
p = tan
2
3
x
26.6
14
s = 45 26.6 = 18.4 ccw
1 = R = 5,
9
9
18.4
9
9
(b)
y
1
(9, 5cw)
R
D
2
1
2p
1 = 6.1 + 12.5 = 18.6

5
1
p = tan1
= 27.5 ccw
2
3.5
2 = 12.5 6.1 = 6.4
2s
(16, 5ccw)
ccw
9 + 16
= 12.5
2
16 9
CD =
= 3.5
2

R = 52 + 3.52 = 6.10
C=
cw
2
6.4
18.6
27.5
x
1 = R = 6.10 , s = 45 27.5 = 17.5 cw

12.5
6.10
x
17.5
12.5
(c)
1
cw
C=
(24, 6cw)
R
D
2
(10, 6
ccw
2s
x
2
24 10
=7
2

R = 72 + 62 = 9.22
CD =
1
2p
ccw
24 + 10
= 17
2
1 = 17 + 9.22 = 26.22
2 = 17 9.22 = 7.78
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1
1 7
90 + tan
= 69.7 ccw
p =
2
6
26.22
69.7
7.78
x
s = 69.7 45 = 24.7 ccw
1 = R = 9.22,
17
9.22
17
24.7
x
(d)
x
cw
1
C=
(9, 8cw)
2s
1
C
R
(19, 8ccw)
ccw
2
19 9
=5
2

R = 52 + 82 = 9.434
CD =
2p
2
1 = 14 + 9.43 = 23.43
2 = 14 9.43 = 4.57

1
1 5
90 + tan
= 61.0 cw
p =
2
8
4.57
x
61
23.43
1 = R = 9.434,
s = 61 45 = 16 cw
14
x
16
14
9.434
9 + 19
= 14
2
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25
Chapter 3
3-9
(a)
1
cw
C=
y
(12, 7cw)
R
2
1
2p
1 = 4 + 10.63 = 14.63
2 = 4 10.63 = 6.63
2s
x
2
ccw
12 + 4
=8
2

R = 82 + 72 = 10.63
CD =
(4, 7ccw)
12 4
=4
2

1
1 8
90 + tan
= 69.4 ccw
p =
2
7
14.63
69.4
6.63
x
s = 69.4 45 = 24.4 ccw
1 = R = 10.63,
4
10.63
4
24.4
x
(b)
cw 1
C=
(5, 8cw)
65
= 0.5
2
6+5
= 5.5
2
R = 5.52 + 82 = 9.71
CD =
C
2
1
2p
2s
(6, 8ccw)
ccw
2
1 = 0.5 + 9.71 = 10.21

2 = 0.5 9.71 = 9.21
9.21
p =
10.21
27.75
x
1 1 8
tan
= 27.75 ccw
2
5.5
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s = 45 27.75 = 17.25 cw
1 = R = 9.71,
0.5
9.71
x
17.25
0.5
(c)
cw
1
C=
x
(8, 6cw)
8+7
= 7.5
2

R = 7.52 + 62 = 9.60
2s
CD =
2p
2
8 + 7
= 0.5
2
1
1 = 9.60 0.5 = 9.10
R
(7, 6ccw)
2 = 0.5 9.6 = 10.1
y
2
ccw

1
1 7.5
90 + tan
= 70.67 cw
p =
2
6
10.1
x
70.67
9.1
s = 70.67 45 = 25.67 cw
1 = R = 9.60,
0.5
x
25.67
0.5
9.60
(d)
cw
1
C=
x
2s
2
(6, 3ccw)
D 1
9+6
= 7.5
2

R = 7.52 + 32 = 8.078
CD =
(9, 3cw)
2p
96
= 1.5
2
1 = 1.5 + 8.078 = 9.58
ccw
2
2 = 1.5 8.078 = 6.58
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27
Chapter 3
6.58
p =
1 1 3
tan
= 10.9 cw
2
7.5
10.9
9.58
s = 45 10.9 = 34.1 ccw
1 = R = 8.078,
1.5
1.5
34.1
x
8.08
3-10
(a)
1
cw
C=
x
(20, 8cw)
2s
2p
2
D 1
R
(10, 8ccw)
20 10
=5
2
20 + 10
= 15
2

R = 152 + 82 = 17
CD =
1 = 5 + 17 = 22
2 = 5 17 = 12
2
ccw
12
p =
1 1 8
tan
= 14.04 cw
2
15
x
14.04
22
1 = R = 17,
s = 45 14.04 = 30.96 ccw
5
5
30.96
x
17
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(b)
1
cw
C=
y
(10, 10cw)
R
D
2
2p
1
(30, 10ccw)
x
2
12.36
p =
32.36
13.28
1 = R = 22.36,
30 + 10
= 20
2

R = 202 + 102 = 22.36
CD =
2s
ccw
30 10
= 10
2
1 = 10 + 22.36 = 32.36
2 = 10 22.36 = 12.36
1 1 10
tan
= 13.28 ccw
2
20
s = 45 13.28 = 31.72 cw
10
22.36
x
31.72
10
(c)
1
cw
2s
(10, 9cw)
2
2p
1
C
R
(18, 9ccw)
y
ccw
10 + 18
=4
2
10 + 18
CD =
= 14
2

R = 142 + 92 = 16.64
C=
2
1 = 4 + 16.64 = 20.64
2 = 4 16.64 = 12.64

1
1 14
90 + tan
= 73.63 cw
p =
2
9
12.64
x
73.63
20.64
1 = R = 16.64,
s = 73.63 45 = 28.63 cw
x
28.63
4
16.64
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29
Chapter 3
(d)
1
cw
x
2s
(12, 12cw)
12 + 22
= 17
2
R = 172 + 122 = 20.81
CD =
2p
2
1
C
R
1 = 5 + 20.81 = 25.81
2 = 5 20.81 = 15.81
(22, 12ccw)
y
2
ccw
12 + 22
=5
2
C=

1
1 17
90 + tan
= 72.39 cw
p =
2
12
15.81
x
72.39
25.81
s = 72.39 45 = 27.39 cw
1 = R = 20.81,
5
x
27.39
5
20.81
3-11
(a)
1/3
14
7
2
1/2 5
2/3 2
4
3 y
y
2 0
1/3
(b)
y
x 10
x 1
(0, 4cw)
3
R
2
1
(10, 4ccw)
x
1/3 = R = 6.40,
0 + 10
=5
2
10 0
CD =
=5
2

R = 52 + 42 = 6.40
C=
1/2
2/3
1/2 =
1 = 5 + 6.40 = 11.40
2 = 0, 3 = 5 6.40 = 1.40
11.40
= 5.70,
2
2/3 =
1.40
= 0.70
2
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
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FIRST PAGES
Page 30
(c)
(2, 4cw) x
2 circles
Point is a circle
C
3
1 2
2 8
= 5
2
C=
82
=3
2

R = 32 + 42 = 5
CD =
(8, 4ccw)
y
1 = 5 + 5 = 0, 2 = 0
3 = 5 5 = 10
10
= 5,
2
1/3 =
1/2 = 0,
1/3
(d)
2/3 = 5
10 30
= 10
2
10 + 30
CD =
= 20
2

R = 202 + 102 = 22.36
C=
2/3
y
1/2
(30, 10cw)
R
C
2
3
1
(10, 10ccw)
x
1 = 10 + 22.36 = 12.36
2 = 0
3 = 10 22.36 = 32.36
1/3 = 22.36,
1/2 =
12.36
= 6.18,
2
2/3 =
32.36
= 16.18
2
3-12
1/3
(a)
C=
2/3
x
(80, 20cw)
1/2
C
3
2
1
(30, 20ccw)
y
80 30
= 55
2
80 30
= 25
2

R = 252 + 202 = 32.02
CD =
1 = 0
2 = 55 + 32.02 = 22.98 = 23.0
3 = 55 32.0 = 87.0
1/2 =
23
= 11.5,
2
2/3 = 32.0,
1/3 =
87
= 43.5
2
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31
Chapter 3
1/3
(b)
2/3
C=
x
(30, 30cw)
60 + 30
= 45
2

R = 452 + 302 = 54.1
CD =
1/2
3
2
30 60
= 15
2
1
(60, 30ccw)
1 = 15 + 54.1 = 39.1
2 = 0
3 = 15 54.1 = 69.1
1/3 =
(c)
39.1 + 69.1
= 54.1,
2
1/2 =
1/3
C=
1/2
(0, 20cw)
2/3
2/3 =
69.1
= 34.6
2
40 + 0
= 20
2
40 0
= 20
2

R = 202 + 202 = 28.3
CD =
3
39.1
= 19.6,
2
2
1
(40, 20ccw)
1 = 20 + 28.3 = 48.3
2 = 20 28.3 = 8.3
3 = z = 30
1/3 =
48.3 + 30
= 39.1,
2
(d)
1/3
1/2 = 28.3,
2/3 =
C=
50
= 25
2
1/2
(50, 30cw)
2/3
3
2
(0, 30ccw)
1
30 8.3
= 10.9
2
50
= 25
2

R = 252 + 302 = 39.1
CD =
1 = 25 + 39.1 = 64.1
2 = 25 39.1 = 14.1
3 = z = 20
1/3 =
64.1 + 20
= 42.1,
2
1/2 = 39.1,
2/3 =
20 14.1
= 2.95
2
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Page 32
3-13
=
F
2000
=
= 10 190 psi = 10.19 kpsi
A
(/4)(0.52 )
Ans.
FL
L
72
= = 10 190
= 0.024 46 in Ans.
AE
E
30(106 )
0.024 46
1 = =
= 340(106 ) = 340 Ans.
L
72
=
From Table A-5, = 0.292

2 = 1 = 0.292(340) = 99.3
Ans.
d = 2 d = 99.3(106 )(0.5) = 49.6(106 ) in

3-14
3-15
Ans.
From Table A-5, E = 71.7 GPa

L
3
= = 135(106 )
= 5.65(103 ) m = 5.65 mm
E
71.7(109 )
Ans.
With z = 0, solve the first two equations of Eq. (3-19) simultaneously. Place E on the lefthand side of both equations, and using Cramers rule,

Ex
E
E(x + y )
Ex + E y
1
=
x = y
=
1
1 2
1 2
1
Likewise,
y =
E( y + x )
1 2
From Table A-5, E = 207 GPa and = 0.292. Thus,
3-16
x =
E(x + y )
207(109 )[0.0021 + 0.292(0.000 67)] 6
=
(10 ) = 431 MPa
1 2
1 0.2922
y =
207(109 )[0.000 67 + 0.292(0.0021)] 6

(10 ) = 12.9 MPa
1 0.2922
The engineer has assumed the stress to be uniform. That is,

t

F

Ft = F cos + A = 0 =
When failure occurs in shear

Ssu =
F
cos
A
F
cos
A
Ans.
Ans.
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Page 33
33
Chapter 3
The uniform stress assumption is common practice but is not exact. If interested in the
details, see p. 570 of 6th edition.
3-17
From Eq. (3-15)

3 (2 + 6 4) 2 + [2(6) + (2)(4) + 6(4) 32 22 (5) 2 ]
[2(6)(4) + 2(3)(2)(5) (2)(2) 2 6(5) 2 (4)(3) 2 ] = 0
3 66 + 118 = 0
Roots are: 7.012, 1.89, 8.903 kpsi Ans.
7.012 1.89
= 2.56 kpsi
2
8.903 + 1.89
=
= 5.40 kpsi
2
1/3 (kpsi)
1/2 =
2/3
max = 1/3 =
2/3
1/2
8.903 + 7.012
= 7.96 kpsi
2
8.903
1.89
Ans.
7.012
(kpsi)
Note: For Probs. 3-17 to 3-19, one can also find the eigenvalues of the matrix

x x y zx
[ ] = x y y yz
zx yz z
for the principal stresses
3-18
From Eq. (3-15)

2

3 (10 + 0 + 10) 2 + 10(0) + 10(10) + 0(10) 202 10 2 02

2

10(0)(10) + 2(20) 10 2 (0) 10 10 2 0(0) 2 10(20) 2 = 0
3 20 2 500 + 6000 = 0
Roots are: 30, 10, 20 MPa

30 10
= 10 MPa
1/2 =
2
Ans.
10 + 20
= 15 MPa
2
30 + 20
= 1/3 =
= 25 MPa
2
(MPa)
1/3
2/3
1/2
2/3 =
max
20
Ans.
10
30
(MPa)
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
34
3-19
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Page 34
From Eq. (3-15)

3 (1 + 4 + 4) 2 + [1(4) + 1(4) + 4(4) 22 (4) 2 (2) 2 ]
[1(4)(4) + 2(2)(4)(2) 1(4) 2 4(2) 2 4(2) 2 ] = 0
3 9 2 = 0
Roots are: 9, 0, 0 kpsi
(kpsi)
1/2 1/3
2/3
O 0
2/3 = 0,
3-20
(a) R1 =
1/2 = 1/3 = max =
c
F
l
Mmax = R1 a =
=
(b)
9
= 4.5 kpsi
2
(kpsi)
Ans.
ac
F
l
6M
6 ac
= 2 F
2
bh
bh l
F=
bh 2l
6ac
Ans.
1(s)(s) 2 (s)
(m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2 (lm /l)
Fm
=
=
= s2
F
(am /a) (cm /c)
(s)(s)
Ans.
For equal stress, the model load varies by the square of the scale factor.
3-21
wl
R1 =
,
2
=
Mmax |x=l/2

l
wl 2
wl
l
=
=
22
2
8
6 wl 2
6M
3W l
=
=
2
2
bh
bh 8
4bh 2
W =
4 bh 2
3 l
(m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2
1(s)(s) 2
Wm
=
=
= s2
W
lm /l
s
wm lm
= s2
wl
wm
s2
=
=s
w
s
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
For equal stress, the model load w varies linearily with the scale factor.
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35
Chapter 3
3-22
(a) Can solve by iteration or derive equations for the general case.
W1
W2
W3 . . .
WT . . .
A
a23
RA
d3
a13
Find maximum moment under wheel W3

WT =
W at centroid of Ws
Wn
B
RB
x3
l
RA =
l x3 d3
WT
l
Under wheel 3
M3 = R A x3 W1 a13 W2 a23 =
(l x3 d3 )
WT x3 W1 a13 W2 a23
l
WT
d M3
= 0 = (l d3 2x3 )
dx3
l
For maximum,
substitute into M,
M3 =
x3 =
l d3
2
(l d3 ) 2
WT W1 a13 W2 a23
4l
This means the midpoint of d3 intersects the midpoint of the beam

l di
xi =
,
2
For wheel i
i1

(l di ) 2
W j a ji
Mi =
WT
4l
j=1
Note for wheel 1: W j a ji = 0

WT = 104.4,
Wheel 1: d1 =
Wheel 2:
W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 =
476
= 238 in,
2
M1 =
104.4
= 26.1 kip
4
(1200 238) 2
(104.4) = 20 128 kip in
4(1200)
d2 = 238 84 = 154 in
M2 =
(1200 154) 2
(104.4) 26.1(84) = 21 605 kip in = Mmax
4(1200)
Check if all of the wheels are on the rail

84" 77"
315"
84"
xmax
600"
(b) xmax = 600 77 = 523 in

(c) See above sketch.
(d) inner axles
600"
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Page 36
3-23
(a)
D
c1 0.833"
0.75"
Ga
0.083"
1"
4
y c2 0.667"
Gb
3"
8
0.167"
0.5"
1.5"
A
1"
4
1"
4
1 12 "
Aa = Ab = 0.25(1.5) = 0.375 in2

A = 3(0.375) = 1.125 in2
y =
2(0.375)(0.75) + 0.375(0.5)
= 0.667 in
1.125
Ia =
0.25(1.5) 3
= 0.0703 in4
12
Ib =
1.5(0.25) 3
= 0.001 95 in4
12
I1 = 2[0.0703 + 0.375(0.083) 2 ] + [0.001 95 + 0.375(0.167) 2 ] = 0.158 in4

A =
10 000(0.667)
= 42(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
B =
10 000(0.667 0.375)
= 18.5(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
C =
10 000(0.167 0.125)
= 2.7(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
D =
10 000(0.833)
= 52.7(10) 3 psi
0.158
(b)
Ans.
Ans.
c1 1.155"
a
1.732"
1
c2 0.577"
1
y
b
0.982"
Ga
0.327"
0.577"
0.25"
A
2"
Here we treat the hole as a negative area.

Aa = 1.732 in2

0.982
= 0.557 in2
Ab = 1.134
2
Gb
0.577"
1.134"
A
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37
Chapter 3
A = 1.732 0.557 = 1.175 in2

y =
1.732(0.577) 0.557(0.577)
= 0.577 in
1.175
Ia =
bh 3
2(1.732) 3
=
= 0.289 in4
36
36
Ib =
1.134(0.982) 3
= 0.0298 in4
36
I1 = Ia Ib = 0.289 0.0298 = 0.259 in4
Ans.
Ans.
because the centroids are coincident.

10 000(0.577)
= 22.3(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
10 000(0.327)
B =
= 12.6(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
10 000(0.982 0.327)
C =
= 25.3(10) 3 psi
0.259
10 000(1.155)
D =
= 44.6(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
(c) Use two negative areas.
A =
Ans.
D
C
c1 1.708"
b
1
1
Gb Gc
c2 2.292"
1.5"
2"
B
a G
a
0.25"
Aa = 1 in2 ,
Ab = 9 in2 , Ac = 16 in2 , A = 16 9 1 = 6 in2 ;
ya = 0.25 in, yb = 2.0 in, yc = 2 in
16(2) 9(2) 1(0.25)
= 2.292 in Ans.
y =
6
c1 = 4 2.292 = 1.708 in
2(0.5) 3
= 0.020 83 in4
12
3(3) 3
Ib =
= 6.75 in4
12
4(4) 3
Ic =
= 21.333 in4
12
Ia =
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Page 38
I1 = [21.333 + 16(0.292) 2 ] [6.75 + 9(0.292) 2 ]

[0.020 83 + 1(2.292 0.25) 2 ]
= 10.99 in4 Ans.
10 000(2.292)
= 2086 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(2.292 0.5)
B =
= 1631 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(1.708 0.5)
C =
= 1099 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(1.708)
D =
= 1554 psi Ans.
10.99
(d) Use a as a negative area.
A =
C
c1 1.355"
1
1.490"
3.464"
c2 2.645"
Ga
1.155"
A
Aa = 6.928 in2 ,
ya = 1.155 in,
Ab = 16 in2 ,
yb = 2 in
A = 9.072 in2 ;
2(16) 1.155(6.928)
= 2.645 in
9.072
c1 = 4 2.645 = 1.355 in
y =
Ans.
bh 3
4(3.464) 3
=
= 4.618 in4
36
36
4(4) 3
Ib =
= 21.33 in4
12
I1 = [21.33 + 16(0.645) 2 ] [4.618 + 6.928(1.490) 2 ]
= 7.99 in4 Ans.
10 000(2.645)
A =
= 3310 psi Ans.
7.99
10 000(3.464 2.645)
B =
= 1025 psi Ans.
7.99
10 000(1.355)
C =
= 1696 psi Ans.
7.99
Ia =
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39
Chapter 3
(e)
C
a
c1 1.422"
B
c2 2.828"
3.625(7.5) + 1.5(4.5)
= 2.828 in Ans.
12
1
1
= (6)(1.25) 3 + 7.5(3.625 2.828) 2 + (1.5)(3) 3 + 4.5(2.828 1.5) 2
12
12
4
= 17.05 in Ans.
10 000(2.828)
=
= 1659 psi Ans.
17.05
10 000(3 2.828)
=
= 101 psi Ans.
17.05
10 000(1.422)
=
= 834 psi Ans.
17.05
b
y =
A
B
C
Aa = 6(1.25) = 7.5 in2

Ab = 3(1.5) = 4.5 in2
A = Ac + Ab = 12 in2
(f)
Let a = total area
D
a
c 1.5
A = 1.5(3) 1(1.25) = 3.25 in2

1
1
I = Ia 2Ib = (1.5)(3) 3 (1.25)(1) 3
12
12
4
= 3.271 in Ans.
C
b
c 1.5
B
A
1.5
10 000(1.5)
= 4586 psi,
3.271
D = 4586 psi
10 000(0.5)
B =
= 1529 psi,
3.271
C = 1529 psi
A =
Ans.
3-24
(a) The moment is maximum and constant between A and B
M = 50(20) = 1000 lbf in ,
I =
1
(0.5)(2) 3 = 0.3333 in4
12

E I 1.6(106 )(0.3333)
= =
= 533.3 in
M
1000
(x, y) = (30, 533.3) in
Ans.
(b) The moment is maximum and constant between A and B

M = 50(5) = 250 lbf in,
=
I = 0.3333 in4
1.6(106 )(0.3333)
= 2133 in
250
(x, y) = (20, 2133) in
Ans.
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
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FIRST PAGES
Page 40
3-25
(a)
1000 lbf
12"
I =
6"
A = 0.75(1.5) = 1.125 in
333 lbf
667 lbf
Mmax is at A. At the bottom of the section,
V (lbf)
Mc
4000(0.75)
=
= 14 225 psi Ans.
I
0.2109
Due to V, max constant is between A and B
at y = 0
max =
333
O
x
667
M
(lbf in)
4000
3V
3 667
=
= 889 psi
2A
2 1.125
max =
Ans.
(b)
1
(0.75)(1.5) 3 = 0.2109 in4
12
1000 lbf
1000 lbf
8"
8"
B
I =
x
2000 lbf
V (lbf)
1
(1)(2) 3 = 0.6667 in4
12
Mmax is at A at the top of the beam

max =
1000
x
|Vmax | = 1000 lbf

max =
1000
8000(1)
= 12 000 psi
0.6667
Ans.
from O to B at y = 0
3V
3 1000
=
= 750 psi
2A
2 (2)(1)
Ans.
M
(lbf in)
x
8000
(c)
120 lbf/in
O
x
5"
15"
1500 lbf
5" C
1500 lbf
V (lbf)
900
600
x
O
600
M
(lbf in)
900
1875(1)
= 3750 psi
0.5
At A and B at y = 0
max =
M2
O
M1
1
(0.75)(2) 3 = 0.5 in4
12
1
M1 = 600(5) = 1500 lbf in = M3
2
1
M2 = 1500 + (900)(7.5) = 1875 lbf in
2
Mmax is at span center. At the bottom of the
beam,
I =
M3
max =
3 900
= 900 psi
2 (0.75)(2)
Ans.
Ans.
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Page 41
41
Chapter 3
(d)
100 lbf/in
x
O
6"
12"
1350 lbf
V (lbf)
450 lbf
750
x
O
7.5"
450
600
M
(lbf in)
1
(1)(2) 3 = 0.6667 in4
12
600
M1 =
(6) = 1800 lbf in
2
1
M2 = 1800 + 750(7.5) = 1013 lbf in
2
At A, top of beam
I =
max =
M2
x
1800(1)
= 2700 psi
0.6667
Ans.
At A, y = 0
M1
3-26
Mmax =
wl 2
8
max =
3 750
= 563 psi
2 (2)(1)
max =
wl 2 c
8I
w=
Ans.
8 I
cl 2
(a) l = 12(12) = 144 in, I = (1/12)(1.5)(9.5) 3 = 107.2 in4

w=
8(1200)(107.2)
= 10.4 lbf/in
4.75(1442 )
Ans.
(b) l = 48 in, I = (/64)(24 1.254 ) = 0.6656 in4

w=
8(12)(103 )(0.6656)
= 27.7 lbf/in
1(48) 2
Ans.
8(12)(103 )(2.051)
= 57.0 lbf/in
1.5(48) 2
Ans.
.
l = 48 in, I = (1/12)(2)(33 ) (1/12)(1.625)(2.6253 ) = 2.051 in4
(c)
w=
(d) l = 72 in; Table A-6, I = 2(1.24) = 2.48 in4

0.842"
cmax = 2.158"
2.158"
8(12)(103 )(2.48)
= 21.3 lbf/in
2.158(72) 2
(e) l = 72 in; Table A-7, I = 3.85 in4
w=
w=
8(12)(103 )(3.85)
= 35.6 lbf/in
2(722 )
Ans.
Ans.
(f) l = 72 in, I = (1/12)(1)(43 ) = 5.333 in4

w=
8(12)(103 )(5.333)
= 49.4 lbf/in
(2)(72) 2
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
42
3-27
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Page 42
(a) Model (c)
(0.54 ) = 3.068(103 ) in4

64
A = (0.52 ) = 0.1963 in2

4
Mc
218.75(0.25)
=
=
I
3.068(103 )
= 17 825 psi = 17.8 kpsi Ans.
I =
500 lbf 500 lbf

0.4375
1.25 in
500 lbf
500 lbf
V (lbf)
500
max =
500
M
(lbf in)
4V
4 500
=
= 3400 psi
3A
3 0.1963
Ans.
Mmax 500(0.4375)
218.75 lbf in
(b) Model (d)

1333 lbf/in
0.25"
1.25"
500 lbf
1
Mmax = 500(0.25) + (500)(0.375)
2
= 218.75 lbf in
500 lbf
V (lbf)
500
Vmax = 500 lbf
Same M and V
500
M
= 17.8 kpsi Ans.

max = 3400 psi
Mmax
Ans.
3-28
F
l
p2
b
p1
a
p1 + p2
x l1 + terms for x > l + a
a
p1 + p2
V = F + p1 x l1
2a
p1
p1 + p2
M = F x + x l2
2
6a
q = Fx1 + p1 x l0
At x = (l + a) + , V = M = 0, terms for x > l + a = 0

F + p1 a
p1 + p2 2
a =0
2a
p1 p2 =
2F
a
(1)
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Page 43
43
Chapter 3
p1 a 2
p1 + p2 3
F(l + a) +
a =0
2
6a
p1 =
From (1) and (2)
2F
(3l + 2a),
a2
b
a
=
p2
p1 + p2
From similar triangles
p2 =
2 p1 p2 =
6F(l + a)
a2
(2)
2F
(3l + a)
a2
(3)
ap2
p1 + p2
(4)
b=
Mmax occurs where V = 0

F
a 2b
p2
p2
p2
b
p1
xmax = l + a 2b
Mmax = F(l + a 2b) +
p1
p1 + p2
(a 2b) 2
(a 2b) 3
2
6a
= Fl F(a 2b) +
p1
p1 + p2
(a 2b) 2
(a 2b) 3
2
6a
Normally Mmax = Fl
The fractional increase in the magnitude is
F(a 2b) ( p1 /2)(a 2b) 2 [( p1 + p2 )/6a](a 2b) 3

Fl
For example, consider F = 1500 lbf, a = 1.2 in, l = 1.5 in

(3)
(4)
p1 =
2(1500)
[3(1.5) + 2(1.2)] = 14 375 lbf/in
1.22
p2 =
2(1500)
[3(1.5) + 1.2] = 11 875 lbf/in
1.22
b = 1.2(11 875)/(14 375 + 11 875) = 0.5429 in
Substituting into (5) yields
= 0.036 89
or 3.7% higher than Fl
(5)
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
44
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FIRST PAGES
Page 44

y
3-29
600 lbf/ft
R1 =
600(15) 20
+ 3000 = 8500 lbf
2
15
R2 =
600(15)
5
3000 = 3500 lbf
2
15
3000 lbf
x
5'
15'
R2
R1
V (lbf)
5500
a=
3500
= 5.833 ft
600
y =
1(12) + 5(12)
= 3 in
24
a
x
O
3000
3500
M
(lbf ft)
3500(5.833) 20420
x
15000
(a)
z
1
Iz = [2(53 ) + 6(33 ) 4(13 )] = 136 in4
3
At x = 5 ft,
x =
y = 3 in,
y = 5 in,
At x = 14.17 ft,
x =
y = 3 in,
y = 5 in,
Max tension = 6620 psi Ans.

Max compression = 9010 psi
(b) Vmax = 5500 lbf
5 in
15000(12)5
= 6620 psi
136
x =
x =
20420(12)(3)
= 5405 psi
136
20420(12)5
= 9010 psi
136
Ans.
Q n.a. = y A = 2.5(5)(2) = 25 in3
max =
V
(c) max =
15000(12)(3)
= 3970 psi
136
VQ
5500(25)
=
= 506 psi
Ib
136(2)
|max |
9010
=
= 4510 psi
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
Page 45
45
Chapter 3
3-30
y
c
F
l
c
M = Fx
l
R1 =
F
a
l
R1
R2
3-31
6M
6(c/l) Fx
=
2
bh
bh 2
From Prob. 3-30, R1 =

max =
c
l
F = V,
3V
3 (c/l) F
=
2 bh
2 bh
e
x
h
h(x)
0x a

6cFx
blmax
h=
0x a
0x a
h=
3 Fc
2 lbmax

Ans.
6Fcx
From Prob. 3-30 =
lbmax

6Fce
3 Fc
=
lbmax
2 lbmax
e=
3 Fcmax
2
8 lbmax
sub in x = e and equate to h above
Ans.
3-32
F
a
l
R1
b
F
l
b
M = Fx
l
32M
32 b
max =
=
Fx
3
d
d 3 l

32 bFx 1/3
d=
0x a
lmax
R1 =
b
R2
3-33
Square:
Am = (b t) 2
Tsq = 2Am tall = 2(b t) 2 tall
Round:
Ans.
Am = (b t) 2 /4
Trd = 2(b t) 2 tall /4
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
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Page 46
Ratio of torques
Tsq
2(b t) 2 tall
4
=
= = 1.27
2
Trd
(b t) tall /2
Twist per unit length

square:
2G1 t
sq =
tall
Round:

L
L
4(b t)
= C = C
A m
A m
(b t) 2

L
(b t)
4(b t)
rd = C
=C
=C
2
A m
(b t) /4
(b t) 2
Ratio equals 1, twists are the same.

Note the weight ratio is
Wsq
l(b t) 2
bt
=
=
Wrd
l(b t)(t)
t
19
= 6.04
= 2.86
=
3-34
thin-walled assumes b 20t

with b = 20t
with b = 10t
l = 40 in, all = 11 500 psi, G = 11.5(106 ) psi, t = 0.050 in

rm = ri + t/2 = ri + 0.025 for ri > 0
=0
for ri = 0

Am = (1 0.05) 2 4 rm2 rm2 = 0.952 (4 )rm2

4
L m = 4(1 0.05 2rm + 2rm /4) = 4[0.95 (2 /2)rm ]
T = 2Am t = 2(0.05)(11 500) Am = 1150Am
Eq. (3-45):
Eq. (3-46):
(deg) = 1 l
180
T L m l 180
T L m (40)
180
=
=
2
6
2
4G Am t
4(11.5)(10 ) Am (0.05)
= 9.9645(104 )
T Lm
A2m
Equations can then be put into a spreadsheet resulting in:

ri
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.45
rm
Am
Lm
ri
T(lbf in)
ri
(deg)
0
0.125
0.225
0.325
0.425
0.475
0.902 5
0.889 087
0.859 043
0.811 831
0.747 450
0.708 822
3.8
3.585 398
3.413 717
3.242 035
3.070 354
2.984 513
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.45
1037.9
1022.5
987.9
933.6
859.6
815.1
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.45
4.825
4.621
4.553
4.576
4.707
4.825
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FIRST PAGES
Page 47
47
Chapter 3
1200
1000
T (lbf in)
800
600
400
200
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
ri (in)
4.85
4.80
(deg)
4.75
4.70
4.65
4.60
4.55
4.50
0.1
0.2
ri (in)
Torque carrying capacity reduces with ri . However, this is based on an assumption of uniform stresses which is not the case for small ri . Also note that weight also goes down with
an increase in ri .
3-35
From Eq. (3-47) where 1 is the same for each leg.

1
1
T1 = G1 L 1 c13 , T2 = G1 L 2 c23
3
3

1
1
L i ci3
T = T1 + T2 = G1 L 1 c13 + L 2 c23 = G1
3
3
1 = G1 c1 , 2 = G1 c2
max = G1 cmax Ans.
Ans.
3-36
(a)
max = G1 cmax
max
12 000
=
= 9.6(104 ) psi/in
cmax
1/8
1
1
= G1 (Lc3 ) 1/16 = (9.6)(104 )(5/8)(1/16) 3 = 4.88 lbf in
3
3
G1 =
T1/16
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
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FIRST PAGES
Page 48
1
T1/8 = (9.6)(104 )(5/8)(1/8) 3 = 39.06 lbf in Ans.
3
1/16 = 9.6(104 )1/16 = 6000 psi, 1/8 = 9.6(104 )1/8 = 12 000 psi
1 =
(b)
3-37
9.6(104 )
= 87(103 ) rad/in = 0.458 /in
12(106 )
Ans.
Ans.
Separate strips: For each 1/16 in thick strip,

T =
Tmax
Lc2
(1)(1/16) 2 (12 000)
=
= 15.625 lbf in
3
3
= 2(15.625) = 31.25 lbf in
Ans.
For each strip,

=
3T l
3(15.625)(12)
=
= 0.192 rad Ans.
Lc3 G
(1)(1/16) 3 (12)(106 )
kt = T / = 31.25/0.192 = 162.8 lbf in /rad Ans.

Solid strip: From Eq. (3-47),
Lc2
1(1/8) 2 12 000
Tmax =
=
= 62.5 lbf in
3
3
= 1 l =
l
12 000(12)
=
= 0.0960 rad
Gc
12(106 )(1/8)
kl = 62.5/0.0960 = 651 lbf in/rad

3-38
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
all = 60 MPa, H 35 kW
(a) n = 2000 rpm
Eq. (4-40)
max =
16T
d 3
9.55H
9.55(35)103
=
= 167.1 N m
n
2000

16T 1/3
16(167.1) 1/3
d=
=
= 24.2(103 ) m 24.2 mm
6
max
(60)10
T =
(b) n = 200 rpm
T = 1671 N m

16(1671) 1/3
d=
= 52.2(103 ) m 52.2 mm
6
(60)10
3-39
all = 110 MPa, = 30 , d = 15 mm, l = ?

=
16T
d 3
Tl
=
JG
180
T =

3
d
16
Ans.
Ans.
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Page 49
49
Chapter 3
dG
J G
d 4 G
=
l=
=
180 T
180 32 (/16) d 3
360
=
3-40
(0.015)(79.3)(109 )(30)
= 2.83 m
360
110(106 )
Ans.
d = 3 in, replaced by 3 in hollow with t = 1/4 in

Tsolid
(a)
%
T =
= (33 )
16
Thollow
(34 2.54 )
=
32
1.5
(/16)(33 ) (/32) [(34 2.54 )/1.5]

(100) = 48.2%
(/16)(33 )
Ans.
(b) Wsolid = kd 2 = k(32 ) , Whollow = k(32 2.52 )

k(32 ) k(32 2.52 )
%
W =
(100) = 69.4%
k(32 )
3-41
Ans.
T = 5400 N m, all = 150 MPa

(a)
5400(d/2)
4.023(104 )
Tc
=
150(106 ) =
(/32)[d 4 (0.75d) 4 ]
d3
J

1/3
4.023(104 )
d=
= 6.45(102 ) m = 64.5 mm
6
150(10 )
=
From Table A-17, the next preferred size is d = 80 mm; ID = 60 mm
(0.084 0.064 ) = 2.749(106 ) mm4

32
5400(0.030)
i =
= 58.9(106 ) Pa = 58.9 MPa
2.749(106 )
Ans.
J=
(b)
Ans.
3-42
(a)
63 025(1)
63 025H
=
= 12 605 lbf in
n
5

16T
16T 1/3
16(12 605) 1/3
=
dC =
=
= 1.66 in
(14 000)
dC3
T =
From Table A-17, select 1 3/4 in

start =
(b) design activity
16(2)(12 605)
= 23.96(103 ) psi = 23.96 kpsi
(1.753 )
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
50
3-43
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FIRST PAGES
Page 50
= 2n/60 = 2(8)/60 = 0.8378 rad/s

1000
H
=
= 1194 N m
0.8378

16T 1/3
16(1194) 1/3
=
= 4.328(102 ) m = 43.3 mm
dC =
6
(75)(10 )
T =
From Table A-17, select 45 mm

3-44
s=
A, d =
Ans.

4A/
Square: Eq. (3-43) with b = c
4.8T
c3
4.8T
(max ) sq =
( A) 3/2
max =
(max ) rd =
Round:
16 T
16T
3.545T
=
=
d3
(4A/) 3/2
( A) 3/2
(max ) sq
4.8
=
= 1.354
(max ) rd
3.545
Square stress is 1.354 times the round stress

3-45
s=
A,
d=
Ans.

4A/
Square: Eq. (3-44) with b = c, = 0.141

sq =
Tl
Tl
=
0.141c4 G
0.141( A) 4/2 G
Round:
rd =
6.2832T l
Tl
Tl
=
=
4
/
2
JG
( A) 4/2 G
(/32) (4A/) G
sq
1/0.141
=
= 1.129
rd
6.2832
Square has greater by a factor of 1.13
3-46
Dz
808 lbf
Dx
x
E
92.8 lbf
3.9 in
4.3 in
Cz
Q
2.7 in
Cx
362.8 lbf
362.8 lbf
Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
Page 51
51
Chapter 3

MD
= 7C x 4.3(92.8) 3.9(362.8) = 0
C x = 259.1 lbf

MC = 7Dx 2.7(92.8) + 3.9(362.8) = 0
z
Dx = 166.3 lbf

4.3
MD
Cz =
808 = 496.3 lbf
x
7

2.7
MC
Dz =
808 = 311.7 lbf
x
7
311.7 lbf
y
E
808 lbf
496.3 lbf
362.8 lbf
166.3 lbf
92.8 lbf
D
x
C
259.1 lbf
My
311.7(4.3) 1340 lbf in
Mz
259.1(2.7) 699.6 lbf in
O
166.3(4.3) 715.1 lbf in
Torque : T = 808(3.9) = 3151 lbf in

x=4.3+
in
Bending Q : M =
x=4.3+
in

699.62 + 13402 = 1512 lbf in
Torque:
16T
16(3151)
=
=
= 8217 psi
3
d
(1.253 )
Bending:
32(1512)
b =
= 7885 psi
(1.253 )
Axial:
F
362.8
a = =
= 296 psi
A
(/4)(1.252 )
|max | = 7885 + 296 = 8181 psi

8181 2
max =
+ 82172 = 9179 psi
2
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
52
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FIRST PAGES
Page 52
max
tens.
7885 296
=
+
2
3-47

7885 296
2
+ 82172 = 12 845 psi
Ans.
Ay
3 in
Az
y
2
Bz
2.6 in
92.8 lbf
By
P
1.3 in
z
E
92.8 lbf
808 lbf
362.8 lbf

MB
= 5.6(362.8) + 1.3(92.8) + 3A y = 0
A y = 637.0 lbf

M A = 2.6(362.8) + 1.3(92.8) + 3B y = 0
z
B y = 274.2 lbf

5.6
M B = 0 Az =
808 = 1508.3 lbf
y
3

2.6
M A = 0 Bz =
808 = 700.3 lbf
y
3
Torsion: T = 808(1.3) = 1050 lbf in
16(1050)
= 5348 psi
=
(13 )
Bending: M p = 92.8(1.3) = 120.6 lbf in

M A = 3 B y2 + Bz2 = 3 274.22 + 700.32
= 2256 lbf in = Mmax
32(2256)
b =
= 22 980 psi
(13 )
Axial: =
inAP
92.8
= 120 psi
(/4)12

max =
max
tens
22980 120
2
22980 120
=
+
2

2
+ 53482 = 12 730 psi
22980 120
2
Ans.
2
+ 53482 = 24 049 psi
Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
Page 53
53
Chapter 3
3-48
Gear F 1000 lbf in
1000
= 400 lbf
2.5
Fn = 400 tan 20 = 145.6 lbf
Ft =
2.5R
Shaft ABCD
y
Fn
Ft
Torque at C TC = 400(5) = 2000 lbf in
RAy
666.7 lbf
A
3"
z
P=
2000 lbf in
2000
= 666.7 lbf
3
B
145.6 lbf
RAz
2000 lbf in
10"
RDy
C
C
400 lbf
5"
D
RDz

( M A)z = 0

( M A) y = 0

18R Dy 145.6(13) 666.7(3) = 0
18R Dz + 400(13) = 0
Fy = 0
R Ay + 216.3 666.7 145.6 = 0
Fz = 0
R Dy = 216.3 lbf
R Dz = 288.9 lbf
R Ay = 596.0 lbf
R Az + 288.9 400 = 0 R Az = 111.1 lbf

M B = 3 5962 + 111.12 = 1819 lbf in

MC = 5 216.32 + 288.92 = 1805 lbf in
Maximum stresses occur at B. Ans.

32M B
32(1819)
B =
=
= 9486 psi
3
d
(1.253 )
16TB
16(2000)
=
= 5215 psi
d 3
(1.253 )

B 2
9486 2
B
9486
2
=
+ B =
+ 52152 = 11 792 psi
+
+
2
2
2
2

B 2
max =
+ B2 = 7049 psi Ans.
2
B =
max
3-49 r = d/2
(a) For top, = 90 ,
r = [1 1 + (1 1)(1 3)cos 180] = 0 Ans.

2
Ans.
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
54
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FIRST PAGES
Page 54
[1 + 1 (1 + 3)cos 180] = 3 Ans.

2
r = (1 1)(1 + 3)sin 180 = 0 Ans.

2
For side, = 0 ,
r = [1 1 + (1 1)(1 3)cos 0] = 0 Ans.

2
=
[1 + 1 (1 + 3)cos 0] = Ans.
2
= (1 1)(1 + 3)sin 0 = 0 Ans.

2
=
r
(b)

100
25
1
1
3 104
3 104
1+ 2 1+
2+ 2 +
cos 180 =
/ =
2
4r
16 r 4
2
r
16 r 4
r
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3.000
2.071
1.646
1.424
1.297
1.219
1.167
1.132
1.107
1.088
1.074
1.063
1.054
1.048
1.042
1.037

3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
10
r (mm)
15
20
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FIRST PAGES
Page 55
55
Chapter 3
(c)

100
1 25
1
3 104
3 104
1+ 2 1+
cos 0 =
/ =
2
4r
16 r 4
2 r2
16 r 4
r
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1.000
0.376
0.135
0.034
0.011
0.031
0.039
0.042
0.041
0.039
0.037
0.035
0.032
0.030
0.027
0.025

0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
3-50
10
r (mm)
15
1.5
= 1.5
1
1/8
r/d =
= 0.125
1
.
K ts = 1.39
.
K t = 1.60
D/d =
Fig. A-15-8:
Fig. A-15-9:
A = Kt
Mc
32(1.6)(200)(14)
32K t M
=
=
= 45 630 psi
3
I
d
(13 )
Tc
16(1.39)(200)(15)
16K ts T
=
=
= 21 240 psi
3
J
d
(13 )

2
A
45.63 2
A
45.63
2
=
+ A =
+ 21.242
+
+
2
2
2
2
A = K ts
max
max
= 54.0 kpsi Ans.

45.63 2
=
+ 21.242 = 31.2 kpsi
2
Ans.
20
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd
56
3-51
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FIRST PAGES
Page 56
As shown in Fig. 3-32, the maximum stresses occur at the inside fiber where r = ri . Therefore, from Eq. (3-50)

ri2 pi
ro2
1+ 2
t, max = 2
ro ri2
ri

r, max
3-52

ro2 + ri2
= pi
Ans.
ro2 ri2

ri2 pi
ro2
1 2 = pi
= 2
ro ri2
ri
If pi = 0, Eq. (3-49) becomes

poro2 ri2ro2 po /r 2
t =
ro2 ri2

ri2
poro2
1+ 2
= 2
r
ro ri2
The maximum tangential stress occurs at r = ri . So
t, max =
2 poro2
ro2 ri2
Ans.
For r , we have
poro2 + ri2ro2 po /r 2
ro2 ri2

ri2
poro2
= 2
1
ro ri2 r 2
r =
So r = 0 at r = ri . Thus at r = ro
r, max
por 2
= 2 o2
r o ri
ri2 ro2
ro2

= po
3-53
rav
t
2
F = p A = rav
p
2
p
F
rav
prav
1 = 2 =
=
=
Awall
2rav t
2t
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
Page 57
57
Chapter 3
3-54
t > l > r
max = (t r )/2 at r = ri where l is intermediate in value. From Prob. 4-50
1
max = (t, max r, max )
2

pi ro2 + ri2
max =
+1
2 ro2 ri2
Now solve for pi using ro = 75 mm, ri = 69 mm, and max = 25 MPa. This gives
pi = 3.84 MPa Ans.
3-55
Given ro = 5 in, ri = 4.625 in and referring to the solution of Prob. 3-54,

350 (5) 2 + (4.625) 2
max =
+1
2 (5) 2 (4.625) 2
= 2 424 psi Ans.
3-56
From Table A-20, S y = 57 kpsi; also, ro = 0.875 in and ri = 0.625 in

From Prob. 3-52
t, max =
3-57
Rearranging
ro ri2 (0.8S y )
po =
2ro2
Solving, gives po = 11 200 psi
Ans.
From Table A-20, S y = 390 MPa; also ro = 25 mm, ri = 20 mm.

From Prob. 3-51
t, max = pi
ro2 + ri2
ro2 ri2
solving gives
3-58
2 poro2
ro2 ri2

therefore
pi = 0.8S y
pi = 68.5 MPa
Since t and r are both positive and t > r

max = (t ) max /2
where t is max at ri
Eq. (3-55) for r = ri = 0.375 in
Ans.
ro2 ri2
ro2 + ri2
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(t ) max

0.282 2(7200) 2 3 + 0.292
=
386
60
8

(0.3752 )(52 ) 1 + 3(0.292)
2
2
2
0.375 + 5 +
(0.375 ) = 8556 psi

0.3752
3 + 0.292
max =
8556
= 4278 psi
2
Ans.

r 2r 2
r = k ri2 + ro2 i 2o r 2
r
Radial stress:

ri2ro2
dr
= k 2 3 2r = 0 r = ri ro = 0.375(5) = 1.3693 in
Maxima:
dr
r

0.282 2(7200) 2 3 + 0.292
0.3752 (52 )
2
2
2
0.375 + 5
(r ) max =
1.3693
386
60
8
1.36932
= 3656 psi Ans.
= 2(2069)/60 = 216.7 rad/s,
3-59
= 3320 kg/m3 , = 0.24, ri = 0.0125 m, ro = 0.15 m;

use Eq. (3-55)

t = 3320(216.7)
= 2.85 MPa
3 + 0.24
8

(0.0125) 2 + (0.15) 2 + (0.15) 2

1 + 3(0.24)
2
(0.0125) (10) 6
3 + 0.24
Ans.
3-60
=
(6/16)
386(1/16)(/4)(62 12 )
= 5.655(104 ) lbf s2 /in
max is at bore and equals

Eq. (3-55)
(t ) max
t
2
2(10 000)
= 5.655(10 )
60
= 4496 psi
max =
4496
= 2248 psi
2
Ans.
2
3 + 0.20
8

1 + 3(0.20)
2
2
2
2
0.5 + 3 + 3
(0.5)
3 + 0.20
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Page 59
59
Chapter 3
= 2(3000)/60 = 314.2 rad/s
3-61
m=
0.282(1.25)(12)(0.125)
386
= 1.370(103 ) lbf s2 /in

F
F
6"
F = m2r = 1.370(103 )(314.22 )(6)

= 811.5 lbf
Anom = (1.25 0.5)(1/8) = 0.093 75 in2
811.5
= 8656 psi Ans.
0.093 75
.
Note: Stress concentration Fig. A-15-1 gives K t = 2.25 which increases max and fatigue.
nom =
3-62 to 3-67
= 0.292,
E = 30 Mpsi (207 GPa), ri = 0
R = 0.75 in (20 mm), ro = 1.5 in (40 mm)

Eq. (3-57)

30(106 ) (1.52 0.752 )(0.752 0)
= 1.5(107 )
ppsi =
0.753
2(1.52 0)

207(109 ) (0.042 0.022 )(0.022 0)
= 3.881(1012 )
pPa =
0.0203
2(0.042 0)
3-62
1
max = [40.042 40.000] = 0.021 mm
2
Ans.
1
min = [40.026 40.025] = 0.0005 mm
2
Ans.
From (2)
pmax = 81.5 MPa,
pmin = 1.94 MPa
Ans.
3-63
1
max = (1.5016 1.5000) = 0.0008 in
2
1
min = (1.5010 1.5010) = 0 Ans.
2
Eq. (1)
pmax = 12 000 psi,
pmin = 0
Ans.
Ans.
(1)
(2)
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3-64
1
max = (40.059 40.000) = 0.0295 mm Ans.
2
1
min = (40.043 40.025) = 0.009 mm Ans.
2
pmax = 114.5 MPa,
Eq. (2)
pmin = 34.9 MPa
Ans.
3-65
1
max = (1.5023 1.5000) = 0.001 15 in Ans.
2
1
min = (1.5017 1.5010) = 0.000 35 in Ans.
2
pmax = 17 250 psi
Eq. (1)
pmin = 5250 psi
Ans.
3-66
1
max = (40.076 40.000) = 0.038 mm Ans.
2
1
min = (40.060 40.025) = 0.0175 mm Ans.
2
pmax = 147.5 MPa
Eq. (2)
pmin = 67.9 MPa
Ans.
3-67
1
max = (1.5030 1.500) = 0.0015 in Ans.
2
1
min = (1.5024 1.5010) = 0.0007 in Ans.
2
pmax = 22 500 psi
Eq. (1)
pmin = 10 500 psi
Ans.
3-68
1
= (1.002 1.000) = 0.001 in ri = 0, R = 0.5 in,
2
= 0.292, E = 30 Mpsi
ro = 1 in
Eq. (3-57)

30(106 )(0.001) (12 0.52 )(0.52 0)
= 2.25(104 ) psi Ans.
p=
0.53
2(12 0)
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at ri = 0.5 in

12
0.52 (2.25)(104 )
1+
= 37 500 psi Ans.
(t ) o =
12 0.52
0.52
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61
Chapter 3
Inner member, from Prob. 3-52

ri2
0
2.25(104 )(0.52 )
poro2
1+
= 22 500 psi Ans.
1+ 2 =
(t ) i = 2
ro
0.52 0
0.52
ro ri2
3-69
i = 0.292,
E i = 30(106 ) psi,
o = 0.211,
1
= (1.002 1.000) = 0.001 in,
2
ri = 0,
E o = 14.5(106 ) psi
R = 0.5,
ro = 1
Eq. (3-56)

0.5
0.001 =
14.5(106 )
2

12 + 0.52
0.5 + 0
0.5
+ 0.211 +
0.292 p
12 0.52
30(106 ) 0.52 0
p = 13 064 psi Ans.

Eq. (3-50) for outer member at ri = 0.5 in

12
0.52 (13 064)
1+
= 21 770 psi
(t ) o =
12 0.52
0.52
Ans.
Inner member, from Prob. 3-52

0
13 064(0.52 )
1+
= 13 064 psi Ans.
(t )i =
0.52 0
0.52
3-70
1
max = (1.003 1.000) = 0.0015 in ri = 0, R = 0.5 in, ro = 1 in
2
1
min = (1.002 1.001) = 0.0005 in
2
Eq. (3-57)
pmax

30(106 )(0.0015) (12 0.52 )(0.52 0)
= 33 750 psi Ans.
=
0.53
2(12 0)
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at r = 0.5 in

12
0.52 (33 750)
(t ) o =
1+
= 56 250 psi Ans.
12 0.52
0.52
For inner member, from Prob. 3-52, with r = 0.5 in
(t ) i = 33 750 psi Ans.
For min all answers are 0.0005/0.0015 = 1/3 of above answers
Ans.
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3-71
i = 0.292,
E i = 30 Mpsi,
o = 0.334,
E o = 10.4 Mpsi
1
max = (2.005 2.000) = 0.0025 in
2
1
min = (2.003 2.002) = 0.0005 in
2
2
2

2 + 12
1 +0
1.0
1.0
+ 0.334 +
0.292 pmax
0.0025 =
10.4(106 ) 22 12
30(106 ) 12 0
pmax = 11 576 psi Ans.
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at r = 1 in

22
12 (11 576)
1 + 2 = 19 293 psi Ans.
(t ) o =
22 12
1
Inner member from Prob. 3-52 with r = 1 in
(t ) i = 11 576 psi Ans.
For min all above answers are 0.0005/0.0025 = 1/5 Ans.
3-72
(a) Axial resistance
Normal force at fit interface
N = p A = p(2 Rl) = 2 p Rl
Fully-developed friction force
Fax = f N = 2 f p Rl
Ans.
(b) Torsional resistance at fully developed friction is

T = f R N = 2 f p R 2l
3-73
Ans.
d = 1 in, ri = 1.5 in, ro = 2.5 in.

From Table 3-4, for R = 0.5 in,
rc = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 in
rn =
0.52
= 1.968 245 8 in
2 2 22 0.52

e = rc rn = 2.0 1.968 245 8 = 0.031 754 in

ci = rn ri = 1.9682 1.5 = 0.4682 in
co = ro rn = 2.5 1.9682 = 0.5318 in
A = d 2 /4 = (1) 2 /4 = 0.7854 in2
M = Frc = 1000(2) = 2000 lbf in
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63
Chapter 3
Using Eq. (3-65)

F
1000
Mci
2000(0.4682)
=
+
+
= 26 300 psi Ans.
A
Aeri
0.7854 0.7854(0.031 754)(1.5)
F
1000
Mco
2000(0.5318)
=
= 15 800 psi Ans.

o =
A
Aero
0.7854 0.7854(0.031 754)(2.5)
i =
3-74
Section AA:
D = 0.75 in, ri = 0.75/2 = 0.375 in, ro = 0.75/2 + 0.25 = 0.625 in
From Table 3-4, for R = 0.125 in,
rc = (0.75 + 0.25)/2 = 0.500 in
0.1252
rn =
= 0.492 061 5 in
2 0.5 0.52 0.1252
e = 0.5 rn = 0.007 939 in
co = ro rn = 0.625 0.492 06 = 0.132 94 in
ci = rn ri = 0.492 06 0.375 = 0.117 06 in
A = (0.25) 2 /4 = 0.049 087
M = Frc = 100(0.5) = 50 lbf in
100
50(0.117 06)
+
= 42 100 psi Ans.
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)(0.375)
100
50(0.132 94)
= 25 250 psi Ans.

o =
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)(0.625)
i =
Section BB: Abscissa angle of line of radius centers is

r2 + d/2
1
= cos
r2 + d + D/2

0.375 + 0.25/2
1
= 60
= cos
0.375 + 0.25 + 0.75/2
D+d
cos = 100(0.5) cos 60 = 25 lbf in
2
ri = r2 = 0.375 in
M=F
ro = r2 + d = 0.375 + 0.25 = 0.625 in

e = 0.007 939 in (as before)
i =
=
o =
Fcos
Mci
A
Aeri
100 cos 60
25(0.117 06)
= 19 000 psi
0.049 09
0.049 09(0.007 939)0.375
100 cos 60
25(0.132 94)
+
= 14 700 psi
0.049 09
0.049 09(0.007 939)0.625
Ans.
Ans.
On section BB, the shear stress due to the shear force is zero at the surface.
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3-75 ri = 0.125 in, ro = 0.125 + 0.1094 = 0.2344 in

From Table 3-4 for h = 0.1094
rc = 0.125 + 0.1094/2 = 0.1797 in
rn = 0.1094/ln(0.2344/0.125) = 0.174 006 in
e = rc rn = 0.1797 0.174 006 = 0.005 694 in
ci = rn ri = 0.174 006 0.125 = 0.049 006 in
co = ro rn = 0.2344 0.174 006 = 0.060 394 in
A = 0.75(0.1094) = 0.082 050 in2
M = F(4 + h/2) = 3(4 + 0.1094/2) = 12.16 lbf in
3
12.16(0.0490)
i =
= 10 240 psi Ans.

0.082 05 0.082 05(0.005 694)(0.125)
o =
3-76
3
12.16(0.0604)
+
= 6670 psi Ans.
0.082 05 0.082 05(0.005 694)(0.2344)
Find the resultant of F1 and F2 .

Fx = F1x + F2x = 250 cos 60 + 333 cos 0
= 458 lbf
Fy = F1 y + F2 y = 250 sin 60 + 333 sin 0
= 216.5 lbf
F = (4582 + 216.52 ) 1/2 = 506.6 lbf
This is the pin force on the lever which acts in a direction
= tan1
Fy
216.5
= tan1
= 25.3
Fx
458
On the 25.3 surface from F1

2000 lbf in
25.3
142
507
206
Ft = 250 cos(60 25.3 ) = 206 lbf

Fn = 250 sin(60 25.3 ) = 142 lbf
rc = 1 + 3.5/2 = 2.75 in
A = 2[0.8125(0.375) + 1.25(0.375)]
= 1.546 875 in2
The denominator of Eq. (3-63), given below, has four additive parts.
A
rn =
(d A/r)
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65
Chapter 3

For d A/r , add the results of the following equation for each of the four rectangles.
ro
bdr
ro
b = width
= b ln ,
r
ri
ri

dA
1.8125
2.1875
3.6875
4.5
= 0.375 ln
+ 1.25 ln
+ 1.25 ln
+ 0.375 ln
r
1
1.8125
3.3125
3.6875
= 0.666 810 6
rn =
1.546 875
= 2.3198 in
0.666 810 6
e = rc rn = 2.75 2.3198 = 0.4302 in

ci = rn ri = 2.320 1 = 1.320 in
co = ro rn = 4.5 2.320 = 2.180 in
Shear stress due to 206 lbf force is zero at inner and outer surfaces.
i =
142
2000(1.32)
+
= 3875 psi
1.547 1.547(0.4302)(1)
o =
142
2000(2.18)
= 1548 psi
1.547 1.547(0.4302)(4.5)
Ans.
Ans.
3-77
A = (6 2 1)(0.75) = 2.25 in2
6+2
rc =
= 4 in
2
Similar to Prob. 3-76,

dA
3.5
6
= 0.75 ln
+ 0.75 ln
= 0.635 473 4 in
r
2
4.5
rn =
2.25
A
=
= 3.5407 in
0.635 473 4
(d A/r)
e = 4 3.5407 = 0.4593 in
i =
5000 20 000(3.5407 2)
+
= 17 130 psi Ans.
2.25
2.25(0.4593)(2)
o =
5000 20 000(6 3.5407)
= 5710 psi Ans.

2.25
2.25(0.4593)(6)
3-78
A=
ro

b dr =
ri
= 2.197 225 in2
2
6
dr = 2 ln
r
2
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1
rc =
A
=

ri
1
br dr =
2.197 225
2r
dr
r
2
(6 2) = 3.640 957 in
2.197 225
rn = ro
ri
ro
A
2.197 225
= 6
2
(b/r) dr
2 (2/r ) dr
2.197 225
= 3.295 837 in
2[1/2 1/6]
e = R rn = 3.640 957 3.295 837 = 0.345 12

ci = rn ri = 3.2958 2 = 1.2958 in
co = ro rn = 6 3.2958 = 2.7042 in
3-79
i =
20 000 20 000(3.641)(1.2958)
+
= 71 330 psi Ans.
2.197
2.197(0.345 12)(2)
o =
20 000 20 000(3.641)(2.7042)
= 34 180 psi Ans.

2.197
2.197(0.345 12)(6)
rc = 12 in, M = 20(2 + 2) = 80 kip in
3
a b = (23 )1 = 2 in4
4
4
F
20
M y rc
80(2) 12
=
+
= 33.7 kpsi
Ans.
Inside: i = +
A
I ri
2
2 10
F
20
M y rc
80(2) 12
=
= 18.6 kpsi
Ans.
Outside: o =
A
I ro
2
2 14
From statics book, I =
Note: A much more accurate solution (see the 7th edition) yields i = 32.25 kpsi and
o = 19.40 kpsi
3-80
0.4"
0.4"
0.4"R
1"
For circle,
1"
For rectangle,
r2
A

=
,
(d A/r)
2 rc rc2 r 2

dA
2
2
= 2 rc rc r
dA
= b ln ro /ri
r
Ao = r 2
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67
Chapter 3

dA
2.6
= 1 ln
2 1.8 1.82 0.42 = 0.672 723 4
r
1
A = 1(1.6) (0.42 ) = 1.097 345 2 in2
rn =
1.097 345 2
= 1.6312 in
0.672 723 4
e = 1.8 rn = 0.1688 in
ci = 1.6312 1 = 0.6312 in
co = 2.6 1.6312 = 0.9688 in
M = 3000(5.8) = 17 400 lbf in
3-81
i =
3
17.4(0.6312)
+
= 62.03 kpsi
1.0973 1.0973(0.1688)(1)
o =
3
17.4(0.9688)
= 32.27 kpsi
1.0973 1.0973(0.1688)(2.6)
From Eq. (3-68)

a = KF
1/3
=F
1/3
3 2[(1 2 )/E]
8
2(1/d)
1/3
Use = 0.292, F in newtons, E in N/mm2 and d in mm, then

1/3

3 [(1 0.2922 )/207 000]
K =
= 0.0346
8
1/25
pmax =
=
3F
3F
=
2a 2
2(K F 1/3 ) 2
3F 1/3
3F 1/3
=
2 K 2
2(0.0346) 2
= 399F 1/3 MPa = |max |

max = 0.3 pmax
= 120F 1/3 MPa
3-82
From Prob. 3-81,
Ans.
3 2[(1 0.2922 )/207 000]

K =
8
1/25 + 0
pmax =
and so,
Ans.
1/3
= 0.0436
3F 1/3
3F 1/3
=
= 251F 1/3
2 K 2
2(0.0436) 2
z = 251F 1/3 MPa
Ans.
max = 0.3(251) F 1/3 = 75.3F 1/3 MPa
Ans.
z = 0.48a = 0.48(0.0436)181/3 = 0.055 mm
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
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1 = 0.334, E 1 = 10.4 Mpsi, l = 2 in, d1 = 1 in, 2 = 0.211, E 2 = 14.5 Mpsi, d2 = 8 in.

With b = K c F 1/2 , from Eq. (3-73),
1/2

2 (1 0.3342 )/[10.4(106 )] + (1 0.2112 )/[14.5(106 )]
Kc =
(2)
1 0.125
= 0.000 234 6
Be sure to check x for both 1 and 2 . Shear stress is maximum in the aluminum roller. So,
max = 0.3 pmax
4000
= 13 300 psi
0.3
pmax =
Since pmax = 2F/(bl) we have
pmax =
So,

F=

=
2F
2F 1/2
=
l K c F 1/2
l K c
l K c pmax
2
(2)(0.000 234 6)(13 300)

2
= 96.1 lbf
3-84
Good class problem
3-85
From Table A-5, = 0.211
2
2
Ans.
1
1
x
= (1 + ) = (1 + 0.211) = 0.711
pmax
2
2
y
= 0.711
pmax
z
=1
pmax
These are principal stresses
1
1
max
= (1 3 ) = (1 0.711) = 0.1445
pmax
2
2
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Chapter 3
3-86
69
From Table A-5: 1 = 0.211, 2 = 0.292, E 1 = 14.5(106 ) psi, E 2 = 30(106 ) psi, d1 = 6 in,
d2 = , l = 2 in

2(800) (1 0.2112 )/14.5(106 ) + (1 0.2922 )/[30(106 )]
(a) Eq. (3-73): b =
(2)
1/6 + 1/
= 0.012 135 in
pmax =
2(800)
= 20 984 psi
(0.012 135)(2)
For z = 0 in,
x 1 = 21 pmax = 2(0.211)20 984 = 8855 psi in wheel
x 2 = 2(0.292)20 984 = 12 254 psi
In plate
y = pmax = 20 984 psi
z = 20 984 psi
These are principal stresses.
(b) For z = 0.010 in,
x1 = 4177 psi in wheel
x2 = 5781 psi in plate
y = 3604 psi
z = 16 194 psi

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budynas_SM_ch03.

45 30.96 14.04

(d) Step 1: Find R A and R E

9R E 7.794(400 cos 30) 4.5(400 sin 30) = 0

R Ay + 400 400 sin 30 = 0 R Ay = 200 N

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Step 2: Find components of RC on link 4 and R D

400(4.5) (7.794 1.9) R D = 0

Step 3: Find components of RC on link 2

18(60) + 14R2 + 8(30) 4(40) = 0

= 1.43(4) = 5.72 lbf in

M1 = 655 + 2600(0.2) = 135 N m

M1 = 400(6) = 2400 lbf ft

10R1 + 2(2000) + 8(1000) = 0

M1 = 1200(2) = 2400 lbf ft

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

7R1 + 3(400) 3(800) = 0

M1 = 171.4(4) = 685.7 lbf ft

12(160) 10R2 + 320(5) = 0

160 + 352 320 + R3 = 0

q = R1 x1 40x 41 + 30x 81 + R2 x 141 60x 181

Eqs. (1) and (2) give

0 = R1 (18) 40(14) + 30(10) + 4R2

9R1 + 2R2 = 130

From Eqs. (1) and (2), at x = 0 , V = R1 = 1.43 lbf, M = 0

= 1.43 40 = 41.43, M = 1.43x

(b) q = R0 x1 M0 x2 2000x 0.21 4000x 0.350 + 4000x 0.50

at x = 0.5+ m, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give

with R0 = 2600 N, M0 = 655 N m Ans.

at x = 10+ ft, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give

V = 400 lbf, M = 400x

See curves of Prob. 3-3 solution.

q = R1 x1 1000x 21 2000x 81 + R2 x 101

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

At x = 10+ , V = M = 0 from Eqs. (1) and (2)

10R1 1000(10 2) 2000(10 8) = 0

V = 1200 lbf, M = 1200x lbf ft

V = 1200 1000 2000 = 1800 lbf

Plots are the same as in Prob. 3-3.

q = R1 x1 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101

V = 171.4 lbf, M = 171.4x lbf ft

(f) q = R1 x1 40x0 + 40x 80 + R2 x 101 320x 151 + R3 x 20

160 40(20) + 40(12) + R2 320 + R3 = 0

V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 320 = 128 lbf

Plots of V and M are the same as in Prob. 3-3.

Taking the positive root

Mmin = (100/2)[(0.2071)(10)]2 = 214 lbf in

From summing moments about point a,

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

There exists a correcting moment of opposite sense to arbitrary rotation . An equation

s = 45 26.6 = 18.4 ccw

1 = 6.1 + 12.5 = 18.6

1 = R = 6.10 , s = 45 27.5 = 17.5 cw

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

s = 69.7 45 = 24.7 ccw

s = 69.4 45 = 24.4 ccw

1 = 0.5 + 9.71 = 10.21

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1 = 9.60 0.5 = 9.10

2 = 0.5 9.6 = 10.1

1 = 1.5 + 8.078 = 9.58

2 = 1.5 8.078 = 6.58

s = 45 10.9 = 34.1 ccw

d = 2 d = 99.3(106 )(0.5) = 49.6(106 ) in