Boundary Element Methods for Engineers:

Part I: Potential Problems

Boundary Element Analysis of Potential Problems

Therefore
1 = [( 2)1 + 2(1 )2 + 3 ] (2.75)
1 = [( 2)1 + 2(1 )2 + 3 ] (2.76)
1

() = {[( 2)1 + 2(1 )2 + 3 ]2 + [( 2)1 + 2(1 )2 + 3 ]2 }2 (2.77)

The integral of the second kernel in Equation 2.63 can be expressed as

+1

ln

+1
1
d
1
1
1
() )(d = ln () )( d + ln
())(d (2.78)
d
()
(, )

0
1

Because () is not zero within the range of integration, the second integral on the right hand side can

be evaluated by normal Gaussian quadrature. The first integral on the right hand side, however, involves
the singular logarithmic function, but can nevertheless be evaluated using the appropriate quadrature
formula described in Appendix A.
P at the second node
If P is at the second node of the element
1

(, ) = [( 2 )2 + ( 2 )2 ]2 (2.79)
2 = 1 ()1 + [2 () 1]2 + 3 ()3 (2.80)
2 = 1 ()1 + [2 () 1]2 + 3 ()3 (2.81)

For integration purposes, the element needs to be divided into two regions, from the second node to the
third node ( = 0 to 1) and from the second node to the first node ( = 0to
to 1)
1). Between the second
and third nodes the intrinsic co-ordinate 1 is chosen as
d

d 1

d 1

= = 1 = 1(2.82)
1 =1
1

and 1 () = ( 1) = 1 ( 1)(2.83)
[2 () 1] = 2 = 1 (2.84)
1

3 () = ( + 1) = 1 ( + 1)(2.85)

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