Titreim

Vibration
Alclar
Isolators
Teknik
Technical
Bilgi
Data

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Gnmzde titreim ve titreim kaynakl ses modern

binalarda yaayanlarn en ok ikayet ettii konulardan
biridir. Daha hafif konstrksiyon ve at aralarna
yerletirilmi cihazlar veya ara katlarda bulunan mekanik
odalar, yap kaynakl ses titreim iletimini arttrmaktadr.
Sadece fiziksel titreim bulunduu ortamda rahatsz
edici olmayabilir, ama yapnn hareketinden doan ses
uzaktaki dier blmlerden duyulabilir ve kullanclara
rahatszlk verebilir.
Bu katalogda siz kullanclara mekanik ekipmanlar
tarafndan retilen titreimi ve bu titreimin yapya
iletilmemesi iin en etkin yaltm yntemini aktaracaz.
[1]
TTREM KONTROL TEORS
Titreim, mekanik bir sistemin hareketini tanmlayan
parametreye ait bir bykln salnm olarak
tanmlanabilir.
Salnm ise hareketi tanmlayan parametrenin belirli bir
referans konum ( denge konumu ) etrafnda, ou kez,
zamana gre dalgalanmas demektir. Deiken
parametrenin deeri referans konumun zerinde ve
altnda kalacak ekilde deiir.[2]
Yapya kat olarak balanm mekanik tesisat
ekipmanlarnn paralar kendi tm titreim kuvvetlerini
bina yapsna geirecektir. Bu durum; kullanc tarafndan
hissedilebilecek seviyede rahatsz edici fiziksel titreim,
zarar verici yapsal titreim, ve titreim yapy normal
duyma seviyelerinde bir frekansta tahrik ederse can
skc bir ses ile sonulanabilir.
Titreim, destek yaps ile ekipman arasna esnek
balantlar kullanlarak izole edilebilir veya orijinal kuvvet
belirli bir seviyeye azaltlabilir. [1]
Titreim Yaltclar Doru Uygulandklarnda;
Statik ykleri tar
Makine elemanlarn birbirine balar
Dinamik ykleri ve hareketleri kontrol eder
Mekanik enerjiyi depolar ve kontrol altnda serbest
brakr
Mekanik enerjiyi snmler ve sya dntrr
Serbest titreimleri kontrol eder [3]

Vibration and vibration-induced noise, major sources of

occupant complaint, are increasing in modern buildings.
Lighter weight construction and equipment located in
penthouses or intermediate level mechanical rooms
increase structure-borne vibration and noise transmission.
Not only is the physical vibration disturbing, but the
regenerated noise from structural movement can be
heard in other remote sections.
This catalog discusses vibration produced by mechanical
equipment and the most effective control of vibration
transmission to the building structure.[1]
VIBRATION CONTROL THEORY
Vibration can be defined as oscillation of a magnitude
which belongs to a parameter that defines the motion
of a mechanical system.
Oscillation means waving of a parameter, which defines
motion, around specific reference position (balance
position) lots of time as per time. [2]
Rigidly mounted pieces of HVAC equipment transmit
their full vibrational force to the building structure. This
can result in disturbing physical vibration felt by the
occupant, damaging structural vibration, and annoying
noise when the vibration excites the structure at
frequencies within the normal hearing range.
Vibration can be isolated or reduced to a fraction of the
original force with resilient mounts between the equipment
and the supporting structure.[1]
As the Vibration Isolators properly installed;

Carries the static loads

Connects mechanical elements together
Controls dynamic loads and motions
Stores the mechanical energy and releases under
control
Damps the mechanical energy and turns into heat
Controls the free vibrations [3]
Active Vibration Isolation Force Permeability

AKTF TTREM YALITIMI Kuvvet Geirgenlii

FT = Force transmitted through the spring and damper
F0 = Force transmitted to the ground without isolation
FT = Yay ve Snm eleman zerinden zemine iletilen
kuvvet
F0 = Yaltmsz durumda dorudan zemine iletilen kuvvet
D = Snm faktr
= 
n
w = Sistemin tahrik frekans
wn = Snmsz sistemin doal frekans
[3]

D = Damping Coefficient

w = Disturbing Frequency
wn = Natural frequency of system without damping
[3]

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Geirgenliin Frekansla Deiimi ve Yaltm Geirgenlii

Sistemin tahrik frekansnn, snmsz sistemin doal

frekansna olan oran =  /  n ile gsterilsin.
Geirgenliin, ya ve snm faktr Dye bal olarak
deiimi izilecek olursa ekil 1de gsterilen diyagram
elde edilir. imdi bu diyagramdaki erileri inceleyerek
aktif ve pasif titreim yaltmnda varlan sonular
irdeleyelim.

Change of Transmissibility with Frequency and

Isolation Transmissibility
Lets show the disturbing frequency over natural
frequency by =  / n. If we draw the transmissibility
diagram relative to h and damping coefficient D we will
have figure 1 Lets discuss the results in Active and
Passive Vibration Isolation by examining the curves in
the diagram.
Figure 1

D=0.50
D=0.10
D=0.15
D=0.25
D=0.50
D=1.00

ekil/Figure : 1

Snm faktrnn deeri ne olursa olsun tm eriler

( 2, 1 ) noktasndan gemektedir.

Irrespective to the damping coefficient value all the

curves are passing through the (2, 1) point.

=2 deeri kritik bir deer olarak karmza kmakta

dr. Buna gre tahrik frekans, sistemin z frekansnn
2 kat altna dt zaman (<2 n), snm ne olursa
olsun T>1 olaca, yani geirgenliin azaltlama yaca
grlmektedir. Dier taraftan,  2 olan blgede
snmn arttrlmas geirgenlii azaltc rol oynamaktadr.

We see =2 as critic value. When disturbing

frequency is below the 2 times of natural frequency
( <2 n ), regardless of damping frequency T will be
over 1, ( T > 1). It means transmissibility couldnt be
decreased. On the other hand, in the  2 zone when
damping is increased transmissibility will be decreased.

nn 2den byk olduu blgede ise geirgenlik hep

1 deerinden kk kalmakta ve bu kez snmn
arttrlmas geirgenlii arttrd iin arzu edilmeyen bir
durum ortaya kmaktadr.

In the h 2 zone transmissibility always below 1

and increasing damping would be increase transmissibility
which is not desirable.

Tahrik frekansnn sistemin z frekansndan ok kk

olmas durumunda ( << n ), sistem ktlesi sanki rijit
olarak balanm gibi davranr.
 Tahrik frekansnn sistemin z frekansndan ok byk
olmas durumunda (  >> n ), geirgenliin sfra
yaklatn gryoruz. Bu durumda ise ktlenin adeta
zem in il e ba la nt s o rta dan k alkm akt ad r.
Aktif yaltmda elde edilen sonular u gerei ortaya

When disturbing frequency is too low from the natural

frequency ( << n ), systems mass would be act like
rigidly mounted.
When disturbing frequency is too big from the natural
frequency (  >> n), transmissibility would go through
to the zero. In this case, mass almost do not connect to
the ground.

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

koymaktadr. Snmsz ve yumuak yay eklindeki

mesnet, sisteme dk z frekans kazandraca iin
en iyi titreim yaltm salar. Bununla beraber bazen
rezonans blgesinden geerken veya bu blge civarnda,
istenmeyen fakat olas bir uzun alma srasnda ortaya
kabilecek olumsuz etkilere kar bir nlem olarak
sisteme bilinli olarak bir miktar snm eklenir.
Geirgenlik, boyutsuz frekans oran =  / n bydke
azalmaktadr. Bu oranda yer alan , Focos  t tahrik
kuvvetinde yer alan  olup makinenin almas ile
ilgilidir. Makinenin belli bir devir says olduu dnlrse
bu asal hzn pek deitirmeyecei kolayca grlr. O
halde  /  n orann bytmek iin yaplacak tek ey,
sistemin z frekans olan deerini kltmektir.
n= k/m olduuna gre bu ilem iki yolla gerekleti
rilecektir :
1. Yumuak yay kullanarak
2. Byk ktle oluturarak
Ancak kullanlacak yaylarn yumuakl iinde bir snr
sz konusudur. Her ne kadar geirgenlik, titreen cismin
genliinden etkilenmese de, genliin bymesi makine
veya hassas cihazn zarar grmesine, d balantlarnn
kopmasna ve bazen de kuvvet yaltm yaplan makinenin
esas ilevini yerine getirmesini engel olaca iin yumuak
yay kullanmnn da bir snr vardr.
Pasif titreiminin yaltmnda ise, hareket geirgenlii
denklemi kuvvet geirgenlii denkleminin benzeri olmas
nedeni ile yaltmnda ayn ilkeler geerlidir.
Ama  / n orann olabildiince byk tutmaktr. Bunun
iin de, eer zemin hareketinin frekansn deitirmemiz
sz konusu deilse, sistemin z frekans nyi azaltmamz
gerekmektedir. Bu ise aktif yaltmda olduu gibi, yine
yumuak yay ve byk ktle kullanmak suretiyle
salanabilir.
Titreim yaltmnda kullanlacak uygun yaltm
malzemesinin seiminde belirli bir yol izlenir. Bu amala
yaltm verimlilii veya yaltm yzdesi diye bir
byklk tanmlanmtr. Bu byklk V sembol ile
gsterilmitir ve % olarak yle ifade edilir :

V=(1-T) x 100
Titreim yaltm tasarmnda nemli verilerden bir de bu
byklktr. Tablo 1de tahrik motor gc ve makinenin
monte edildii yere bal olarak yaltm verimlilii iin
nerilen deerler verilmektedir.
Titreim yaltmnda kullanlacak uygun takozlarn seimi
bizi n bilgilere gereksinim vardr. Bu bilgileri, mutlaka
bilinmesi gerekli olanlar ve bilinmesinde yararl olan
bilgiler olmak zere iki grupta toplayabiliriz.
Tablo 1 Yaltm verimlilii iin nerilen deerler

The results that we obtain from active isolation, brings

up this reality. The mounting without damping and with
soft spring so as to will bring in low natural frequency to
system, it will provide best vibration isolation. Although
sometimes passing through the resonance zone or
around this zone, undesirable but probable long working
in this zone expose some negative effects, to prevent
these effects we would add system some damping
consciously.
Transmissibility decreases while frequency ratio
=  / n is increasing. , which takes place in this
ratio, also takes place in Focos t formula which is
formula of disturbing frequency. As the machine has
specific rpm easily seemed that this angular velocity
wouldnt change very much. Therefore to make bigger
/n ratio the only thing to do is decreasing n . As the
n=k/m, we have to way to do this process;
1. With using soft spring
2. With developing big mass
But there is limit for soft springs to be used. Even though
transmissibility is not influenced from the vibrating masses
amplitude, increasing amplitude may cause damage in
machine or sensitive equipment, break out connections
and sometimes it will hinder the equipments function
because of these there is a limit for soft spring to be
used.
In passive isolation, because of motion transmissibility
equation is similar to force transmissibility equation,
same principles are valid. Purpose is making /n ratio
as big as we can do. Therefore, if we dont have to
change ground motions frequency, we would have to
decrease systems natural frequency n. This can be
provided by using soft spring and big mass as like active
isolation.

To select proper vibration isolator specific way is followed.

For this purpose a value named Vibration Isolation
Efficiency or Percentage of Isolation is determined.
This value is shown by V and the formula is given
below;

V=(1-T) x 100

This value is one of the important values for vibration

isolation. In the table 1, some of the recommended
vibration isolation efficiency values are determined
relative to machine disturbing motor power and the
location of machine.
There is a need to some advance information for selection
of proper vibration isolators. We can part this information
into two parts as the information that we have to know

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Makine Tahrik
Motorunun Gc
Disturbing Motor
Power of Machine
(kW)
4

Tavsiye edilen yaltm yzdesi

Recommended Vibration Isolation Percentage
(%)
Bodrum veya Zemin Kat
Basement or Ground
Floor

Ar Betonarme Yap st Katlar Hafif elik Yap st Katlar

Heavy Concrete Structure
Light Steel Structure
Higher Floor
Higher Floor

50

90

4-10

50

75

93

10-30

80

90

95

30-70

90

95

97.5

75-225

95

97

98.5
Tablo/Table1

Mutlaka bilinmesi gerekli n bilgiler :

Titreim yaltm yaplacak makinenin tipi ve tr,

Cihaz veya makinenin ktlesi,
Ktle merkezinin yaklak olarak konumu,
Titreim takozlarnn says ve konumu,
Makinenin iletme devir says ve tahrik
mekanizmas,
Titreim yaratan tahrik kuvvetinin frekans.
Bilinmesinde yararl olan n bilgiler :
Y alt m tak oz larn n balant det ay lar,
letme koullar
Makinenin monte edilecei zemin ve bulunduu
konum,
Arzu edilen yaltm verimlilii,
Rezonans esnasnda kabul edilebilen geirgenlik,
Maliyet ile ilgili snrlamalar.
Bu bilgilerin tamam pratikte ancak uak yapm ve
benzeri gelimi endstri kurulularnn rettii makineler
iin salanr. Genelde endstriyel uygulamalarda izlenen
yol ise en az maliyet ile en iyi sonular almaya yneliktir.
Bu durumda, en azndan seilen yaltm takozlarnn
montajndan sonra, sistemin z frekansnn tahrik
frekansndan yeteri kadar uzakta olmasna dikkat
edilmelidir. Tahrik frekansnn z frekansa oran
=  / nnn en az 2.5 olmas istenir.
Genelde en uygun yaltm elemanlarn semek iin
aada belirtilen admlar izlenmelidir :
1. Her bir yaltm elemanna gelen yk hesaplanr.
ok sayda mesnet varsa ktle merkezine gre
y k da l m n n hes ap lanm as g erek ir.
2. Titreim yaratan tahrik frekans belirlenir. Bu bilgi
hazrda yoksa u nerilerin dikkate alnmas yerinde
olur:
- Titreimler genellikle dengelenmemi dnel
uzuvlardan kaynaklanr. rnein, motoru 1800

and the information that is useful to know.

Table 1 Recommended values for Vibration Isolation
Effiency
Advise Information that we have to know:
Type and kind of machine,
Mass of machine or equipment,
Approximate location of center of gravity,
Location and number of vibration isolators,
Operating rpm and disturbing mechanism of
machine,
Frequency of disturbing force that causes vibration.
Advise Information that is useful to know;
Installation detail of isolators,
Operating conditions,
Mounting location and floor of machine,
Desired isolation efficiency,
Acceptable transmissibility at resonance,
Limits of cost.
All of these informations can be obtainable in aircraft
manufacturing and machines manufactured by improved
industries like this. In general purpose is to have the
best solution with minimum cost. In that case, at least
after the vibration isolators had been mounted, natural
frequency of system should be far away from disturbing
frequency. The ratio of disturbing frequency over natural
frequency /n should be at least 2.5.
Generally, to select proper vibration isolator these steps
are followed;
1. The load of each isolator is calculated. If there are
a lot of mountings, load distribution of load would
be calculated relative to center of gravity.
2. Disturbing frequency that causes vibration is
determined. If this information can not be
determined, the following should be considered;
Generally, vibration is caused by unbalanced
rotating parts. For example; if the motor of the
machine is rotating in 1800 rpm, most probably
it will cause vibration at 1800 vibration/minute
or 30 Hz rated frequency.

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

If the motor rpm of machine is variable, isolation

would be done according to minimum rpm. The
isolation system that is done according to
minimum rpm would isolate higher frequency
vibrations. Therefore, design should be done
according to minimum rpm.

dev / dkda dnen bir makine byk bir olaslkla

1800 titreim / dk veya 30 Hzlik bir frekans ile
titreim yapacaktr.
- Motor devir hz deiken olan makinelerde yaltm
en kk devir saysna gre yaplmaldr. En
dk tahrik frekansnda oluan titreimleri
yaltabilen bir yaltm sistemi, daha yksek
frekanstaki titreimleri de yaltacaktr. Bu nedenle
tasarm en dk tahrik frekans esas alnarak
yaplmaldr.

3. In this step transmissibility is calculated. To

calculate transmissibility, isolation efficiency should
be known. Recommended values for isolation
efficiency can be selected from Table1 and Table
2 Transmissibility is calculated from this formula:

3. Bu admda geirgenlik hesaplanr. Geirgenlii

hesaplamak iin yaltm verimliliinin bilinmesi
gerekir. Yaltm verimlilii iin nerilen deerler
Tablo 1 ve Tablo 2den seilebilir. Geirgenlik u
denklem ile hesaplanr :

T=1-

V
100

 / n

V (%)

Ulalan Sonu
Result

10.0

98,9

Mkemmel/Perfect

4.0

93,3

Mkemmel/Perfect

3.0

87,5

ok yi/Very Good

2.5

81,1

yi/Good

2.0

66,7

Orta/Okay

1.5

20,0

Zayf/Poor

1.4

Farksz/No Difference

1.0

Rezonans/Resonance

Yaltmsz daha iyi/Better without Isolation

Tablo 2 Titreim yaltm verimlilii ve ulalmas beklenen

sonu
4. Titreim yaltmnda kullanlan yaltm malzemesinin
snm faktr dikkate alnarak sistemin z frekans
hesaplanr. eitli malzemelere ait snm faktrleri
Tablo 3de verilmitir. z frekansn
hesaplanmasnda

formlnden yararlanlr.

Table 2 Vibration Isolation Efficiency and Expected

Result
4. Natural frequency of system is calculated by
considering the damping coefficient of the used
vibration isolator. Damping coefficients of various
type of vibration isolators are given in Table 3
For calculating natural frequency

formula is used.
5. Deflection of vibration is calculated by

5. Titreimin statik kmesi

formln kullanarak
denklemiyle hesaplanr. Bu formlde g, yer ekimi
deerinin birimi ile tutarl olmaldr.
ivmesi olup,

formula and
equation. The g value in this formula is gravity
acceleration, and unit of g should be coherent with
unit of .

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Yatm Malzemesi
Isolation Material

Yaklak Snm Faktr

Approximate Damping Coefficient
D= (c/ccr)

elik Yay/Steel Spring

0.005

Doal Lastik/Natural Rubber

0.05

Neopren/Neoprene

0.05

Snml Yaylar/Damped Spring

0.33

Metal/Metal

0.12

Hava Snm/Air Damping

0.17

Kee ve Mantar/Felt and Cork

0.06

Tablo-3 eitli malzemelere ait snm faktrleri

Table 3 Damping Coefficient of various type of isolator

6. Yay katsays
6. In this step spring coefficient is calculated.
formlyle hesaplanmaldr. Burada Wi tek bir
yaltm elemanna gelen yk gstermektedir.
7. Yaltm elemannn yk altnda statik kmesi ve
yay katsays hesaplandktan sonra, bu zellikleri
tayan yaltm eleman istenen zellikleri tayan
yaltm elemanlar katalogdan seilebilir. Bu seim
yaplrken u noktalara dikkat edilmelidir :
- stenen yk kapasitesi,
- stenen statik kme veya yay katsays.
Genellikle katalogda belirtilen yk kapasitesi ve
statik kme, yaltm eleman zerine gelen yke
ve hesaplanan statik kmeye eit veya daha fazla
olan yaltm elemanlarnn seilmesine dikkat edilir.
8. Seilen yaltm elemanlar her zaman, yk
kapasitesi ve statik kme veya yay katsays
deerleri bakmndan tam bir uyum iinde
olmayabilir. Yaltm elemanlarnn ar yklenmesi
istenmeyen bir durumdur, yararl mrlerinin hzla
azalmasna yol aar. Az ykleme ise yeterli statik
kme yaratmaz ve yaltm ilevi tam yerine
getirilemez. Katalogdan seilen yaltm
elemanlarnn salayaca yaltm verimlilii
bilinmelidir. Bu nedenle nce gerek statik kme
,

Gerek Yk
Yk Kapasitesi

formlnden hesaplanmal ve bu deer tahrik

frekans ile birlikte ekil. 2de kullanlarak
gerekleen yaltm verimlilii tayin edilmelidir. [3]

Wi in the formula is representing load of each isolator.

7. After the deflection and spring coefficient of isolator
calculated, the proper vibration isolator which
meets these values is selected from the catalogue.
While selecting proper isolator, following topics
should be considered;
Desirable load capacity,
Desirable static deflection or spring coefficient.
Generally, while selecting proper vibration isolator,
which has bigger deflection and load capacity
than calculated, is selected.
8. Selected vibration isolator may not be always
compensate to load capacity, static deflection or
spring coefficient. Excessive loading of spring
element is an undesirable situation, it will cause
decrease at functional life. Less loading wont
create enough deflection and isolation function
wouldnt be fulfilled. Isolation efficiency that is
provided from selected isolator from the catalog
should be known. Therefore, initially actual static
, s h ou l d b e d et erm in e d
d ef l e c t i on ,

Actual Load
Load Rating

and then isolation efficiency should be determined

relative to this value and disturbing frequency.
[3]

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

ekil/Figure 2

n

Doal Frekans dev/dak

Natural Frequency rpm

zel elik Yay/Special Steel Spring

Stan. elik Yay/Stan. Steel Spring
25 mm.Lastik Plaka/Rubber Pad
50 mm. Mantar/Cork
50 mm. Tabii Mantar
Natural Cork

10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200

100
90
80
70
60
1000
500
300
200
100
50
30
20
10
5
3
2
1
0.5

= ~250 mm
= ~32 mm

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Mekanik Tesisatta Titreim Yaltm Eleman Seimi

Selection of vibration isolator

Titreim izolatrleri zemindeki statik kme miktar da

dikkate alnarak seilmelidir. Daha uzun mesafeler
yapdaki esneklie daha ok izin vermekle birlikte, binann
hareket kazanmasna daha kolay izin vermektedir. Bu
seim tablosunu kullanarak, bina mesafeleri, cihaz
alma hzlar, cihaz gc, ve dier faktrlerde dikkate
alnm olur.

Vibration isolators must be selected to compensate for

the floor deflection. Longer spans also allow the structure
to be more flexible, permitting the building to be more
easily set into motion. By using the selection guide,
building spans, equipment operating speeds, equipment
horsepower, damping, and other factors are taken into
consideration.

zolatr statik kme miktarn belirlerken dizayn yapan

kiinin dikkate almas gereken deerler, geirgenlik,
verimlilik, veya dier teoriksel parametreler deil, zemin
statik kmesini ve bina rezonans deeridir.
Titreim reten muhtelif makine ve cihazlarn hangi cins
yaltm malzemesi ile yaltlmasnn uygun olaca Tablo
4de sralanmtr.
Tablonun sol kenarnda mekanik tesisatta kullanlan
muhtelif makine ve aletler, st tarafnda ise ok ve
titreim yaltm iin ngrlen, makine ve alet konumuna
gre tavsiye edilen yaltm malzemeleri ve statik kme
deerleri sralanmtr. Birden fazla yaltcnn
kullanlabilecei uygulamalarda i artlarna gre seim
yaplmaldr. Bu tabloda normal artlar altndaki tesisler
gz nnde tutulmutur.

By specifying Isolator Deflection, rather than isolation

efficiency, transmissibility, or other theoretical parameters,
the designer can compensate for floor deflection and
building resonances by selecting isolators that are
satisfactory to provide minimum vibration transmission,
and that have more deflection than supporting floor.
Recommended vibration isolators for the various type
of HVAC equipment or machine are specified at Table
4.
At the left hand side of table various type of HVAC
equipments and machines are given, at the top of table
recommended vibration isolators with static deflection
relative to machine location are given. In the situations
that are one or more vibration isolator is proper to use,
the vibration isolator should be specified by operating
conditions. In this table normal working conditions are
considered.

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER
Vibrasyon izolatrleri seim tablosu
TEHiZAT KONUMU

Tablo-4

Zeminde katnda
deme
Kaide
Tipi

Kolon akl maks

6 m olan deme

zolatr Min. Kaide

Tipi Esneme Tipi

6-9 m Kolon aklkl

deme

zolatr Min. Kaide

Tipi Esneme Tipi

mm.

9-12 m Kolon aklkl 12-15 m Kolon aklkl

deme
deme

zolatr Min. Kaide

Tipi Esneme Tipi

mm.

zolatr Min. Kaide

Tipi Esneme Tipi

mm.

zolatr Min.
Tipi Esneme

mm.

mm.

Soutma Makineleri
Pistonlu kompresrler
Pist.Sout. ve Kondenser niteleri
Santrifj Soutma gruplar (Chiller)
Absorpsiyonlu Soutma Gruplar

40
40
40
20

C
A
A
A

40
60
40
40

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

600
60
60
40

4
4

60
40

A
A

4
4

60
60

B
B
B
C
-

3
3
3
3
-

20
40
40
60
-

B
B
B
C
-

3
3
3
3
-

20
40
40
60
-

40
40

A
C

3
3

40
40

A
C

3
3

60
60

40
60

B
B

4
4

40
60

B
B

4
4

40
90

Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

20
A
A
3
3
20
40
A
A
3
3
40

A
A

3
3

40
60

A/B

40

B
B

3
3

60
60

A/B

20

B
B

3
3

60
60

C
A
A
A

3
2
1
1

20
5
3
3

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

20
20
20
20

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

A
A

1
1

3
3

A
A

4
4

60
60

A
A

4
4

60
60

A
A

B
B
B
C
C

2
3
3
3
3

5
20
20
20
20

B
B
B
C
C

3
3
3
3
3

20
20
20
20
40

B
B
B
C
C

3
3
3
3
3

20
40
40
40
90

A
C

3
3

20
20

A
C

3
3

40
40

A
C

3
3

B
B

4
4

20
20

B
B

4
4

A
A

2
2

5
5

A
A

3
3

20
40

A/B

A/B

20

3
4
4
4

Soutma Kuleleri, Buharlatrmal

Soutucular, Hava Soutmal
Kondenserler
300 devir/dakikaya kadar
301-500 devir/dakika
501 ve st devir/dakika

Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

Pompalar
Direk bal 5 kWa kadar
Direk bal 5 kW st
Esnek kaplinli 35 kWa kadar
Esnek kaplinli 35 - 100 kW
Esnek kaplinli 100 kW st
Hava Kompresrleri
Tanka bal
Kaideye bal
Paket at st Klima Santralleri
70 kW alt
70 kW ve st
Paket Bina i Klima Santralleri
7.5 kWa kadar
7.5 kW ve st
Aksiyal Fanlar
560 mm. ark apna kadar
560 mm ark ap ve st
300 devir/dakikaya kadar
301-500 devir/dakika aras
501 devir/dakika ve st
Santrifj Fanlar
560 mm. ark apna kadar
560 mm ark ap ve st
35 kWa kadar
300 devir/dakikaya kadar
301-500 devir/dakika aras
501 devir/dakika ve st
35 kW ve st
300 devir/dakikaya kadar
301-500 devir/dakika aras
501 devir/dakika ve st
Borular

A/B

400

A/B

20

Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

B
B

3
3

20
20

B
B

3
3

40
40

A/B

A/B

20

B
B

3
3

40
40

B
B

3
3

40
20

3
60
B
3
B
60
3
40
B
3
B
40
Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.
A/B

20

A/B

20

Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

3
40
B
3
B
60
3
20
3
B
40
B
Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

B
B

3
3

20
20

B
B

3
3

60
40

B
B

3
3

60
40

B
B

3
3

60
60

B
B

3
3

90
60

20

20

20

20

Kanallar
Not :
KADE TPLER:
A: Kaide yok, izolatr direk cihaza bal
B: elik raylar veya elik konstrksiyon ereve
C: Beton atalet blou kaide

Detayl bilgi iin irketimize dannz.

ZOLATR TPLER:
1: Neopren
2: Yksek esneklikte neopren
3: Yayl ask veya zemine monte yayl titreim eleman
4: Snrlandrlm yayl izolatr

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER
Vibration Isolator Selection Guide
Equipment Location

Table-4

6 m Floor
Span

6-9 m Floor
Span

Base Isolator Min.

Type Type Defl.

Base Isolator Min.

Type Type Defl.

Base Isolator Min.

Type Type Defl.

mm.

mm.

mm.

Grade Supported
Slab

9-12 m Floor
Span
Base Isolator
Type Type

12-15 m Floor
Span

Min.
Defl.

Base Isolator
Type Type

mm.

Min.
Defl.
mm.

Refrigeration Machines
Reciprocating Compressors
Reciprocating Condensing Units
& Chilling Units Hermetic Centrifugal
Chiller, Absorption Chillers

40
40
40
20

C
A
A
A

40
60
40
40

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

600
60
60
40

4
4

60
40

A
A

4
4

60
60

B
B
B
C
-

3
3
3
3
-

20
40
40
60
-

B
B
B
C
-

3
3
3
3
-

20
40
40
60
-

40
40

A
C

3
3

40
40

A
C

3
3

60
60

40
60

B
B

4
4

40
60

B
B

4
4

40
90

Please consult to our company for detailed information.

20
A
A
3
A
3
3
20
20
40
A
A
3
A
3
3
40
40

A
A

3
3

40
60

A/B

40

3
60
B
3
B
40
B
60
3
3
40
B
3
40
B
B
40
3
Please consult to our company for detailed information.

B
B

3
3

60
60

A/B

20

B
B

3
3

60
60

C
A
A
A

3
2
1
1

20
5
3
3

A
A

1
1

3
3

A
A

4
4

60
60

A
A

4
4

60
60

A
A

B
B
B
C
C

2
3
3
3
3

5
20
20
20
20

B
B
B
C
C

3
3
3
3
3

20
20
20
20
40

B
B
B
C
C

3
3
3
3
3

20
40
40
40
90

A
C

3
3

20
20

A
C

3
3

40
40

A
C

3
3

B
B

4
4

20
20

B
B

4
4

A
A

2
2

5
5

A/B

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

20
20
20
20

C
A
A
A

3
4
4
4

3
4
4
4

Cooling Towers
Closed Circuit
Coolers
Up to 300 rpm
301to 500 rpm
501 rpm & over

Please consult to our company for detailed information.

Pumps
Close coupled, to 5 kW
Close coupled, 5 kW & over
Flexible coupled,to 35 kW
Flexible coupled,35 to100 kW
Flexible coupled,100 kW & over
Air Compressors
Tank Mounted
Base Mounted
Packaged Rooftop Air Cond.Units
Up to 70 kW
70 kW & over
Packaged Air Handling Equipment
Up to 7.5 kW
7.5 kW & over
Axial Fans
Up to 560 mm. wheel dia.
560 mm wheel dia.& over
Up to 300 rpm
301to 500 rpm
501 rpm & over
Centrifugal Fans
Up to 560 mm. wheel dia.
560 mm wheel dia.& over
Up to 35 kW
Up to 300 rpm
301 to 500 rpm & over
501 rpm & over
35 kW & over
Up to 300 rpm
301 to 500 rpm & over
501 rpm & over
Piping

A/B

20

A/B

400

A/B

20

Please consult to our company for detailed information.

B
B

3
3

20
20

A/B

B
B

3
3

40
40

A/B

20

A/B

20

A/B

20

Please consult to our company for detailed information.

3
40
B
3
40
B
B
60
3
3
20
3
B
20
B
40
B
3
Please consult to our company for detailed information.

B
B

3
3

20
20

B
B

3
3

60
40

B
B

3
3

60
40

B
B

3
3

60
60

B
B

3
3

90
60

20

20

20

20

Ducts
Notes :
BASE TYPES :
A: No base, isolators attached directly to equipment.
B: Structural steel rails or base
C: Concrete inertia base

Please consult to our company for detailed information.

ISOLATOR TYPES :
1: Neoprene
2: High elasticity neoprene
3: Spring hanger or base attached vibration isolator.
4: Restrained spring isolator.

GENEL BLGLER

GENERAL DATA

Kauuk Plakalar/Rubber Pads (1. Tip/Type)

Kauuk Ayaklar/Rubber Mounts (2. Tip/Type)

Kauuk izolatrler plaka (1. Tip) ve kalplanm (2. Tip)

ekilde olabilir. Plakalar tek veya daha fazla katlar halinde
kullanlabilir. Kalplanm izolatrler 30 ila 70 durometre
(esneklik ls) arasnda olabilir. 70 durometre
zerindeki malzeme, izolatr olarak kullanszdr.
zolatrler 13 mm (0.5) kmeye kadar tasarlanmtr,
ancak 8 mm (0.3) veya daha az kme iin de
kullanlabilir. Kat kauuk, dokuma ve kauuk karma
plakalar da mevcuttur. Bu plakalarn az kmede yksek
g kapasitesine sahip modelleri de vardr. Kolon altnda
veya boru destei iin grlt bariyeri olarak da
kullanlrlar.

Yayl zolatrler / Spring Isolator

(3. Tip/Type)
Neredeyse tm kmelere uygun ve ok uzun mrleri
nedeniyle elik yaylar, HVAC uygulamalar iin kullanlan
en popler izolatrlerdir. Ar yksek frekansta titreim
ve grlt transmisyonunu nlemek amacyla tm yayl
izolatrlerin kauuktan akustik bariyerleri olmaldr. Ak
havada veya anmaya yatkn alanlarda uygularken
korozyona kar koruma salanmaldr. Ak yayl
izolatrler, ayar civatas ile st ve alt kapaklardan oluur.
Yaylar, sabit denge salamak iin dikey esnekliin %75i
orannda yatay esneklik ile, nominal ykn ve gvenilir
kat stresin %50 fazlas hareket salamak zere
tasarlanmtr.

Snrlandrlm Yayl zolatrler

Restrained Spring Isolators (4. Tip/Type)
Snrlandrlm yayl
izolatrlerde (4. Tip) dikey
hareke ti s nrl ama k i i n
tutturucu civatalar vardr.
Kullanm alanlar ikiye
ayrlabilir.
a) Su boaltnda borular zerindeki basky nlemek
ve hareketi kstlamak iin byk arlkta
ekipmanlar (kazanlar, soutma makinalar)
b) Rzgar yk sebebiyle oluabilecek ar
hareketlenmeyi nlemek amacyla soutma kuleleri
gibi ak hava ekipmanlar.
Yay zellii ak yayl izolatrler gibi olmaldr ve
snrlayclar, sadece geici bir tutmaya gerek olduunda
harekete geecek ekilde tasarlanm olmaldr.

Rubber isolators are available in pad (type 1) and molded

(type 2) configurations. Pads are used in single or multiple
layers. Molded isolators come in range of 30 to 70
durometer (a measure of stiffness). Materi al in excess
of 70 durometer is usually ineffective as an isolator.
Isolators are designed for up to 0.5 in (13 mm) deflection,
but are used where 0.3 in (8 mm) or less deflection
required. Solid rubber and composite fabric and rubber
pads are also available. They provide high load capacities
with small deflection and are used as noise barriers
under columns and for pipe supports.

Spring Isolator (type 3) Steel springs are

the most popular and versatile isolator
for HVAC applications because they are
available for almost any deflection and
have virtually unlimited life. All spring
isolators should have a rubber acoustical
barrier to prevent transmission of very high frequency
vibration and noise. They should be corrosion-protected
if installed outdoors or in a corrosive environment. Open
spring isolators (type 3) consist of a top and bottom plate
with an adjustment bolt for leveling. Springs should be
designed with a horizontal stiffness at least 75% of the
vertical stiffness to assure stability, 50% travel beyond
rated load and safe solid stresses.

Restrained spring isolators (type 4) have hold down

bolts to limit vertical movement. They are used with
(a) equipment with large weight variations (boilers,
refrigeration machines) to restrict movement and
prevent strain on piping when water is removed
and
(b) outdoor equipment such as coiling towers to
prevent excessive movement because of wind
load.
Spring criteria should be the same as open spring
isolators and restraints should have adequate clearance
so they activated only when a temporary restraint is
needed.Housed spring isolators consist of two telescoping
housing separated by a resilient material. Depending
on design and installation, housed spring isolators can
bind and short circuit. This can be avoided with open
spring isolators.

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Kauuk Ask (2.Tip)

Yayl Ask (3. Tip)
Rubber Hanger (Type 2)
Spring Hanger (Type 3)

Titreim izolasyon asklar (2. ve 3. Tip) asl borular ve

ekipmanlar iin kullanlrlar. Kauuk, yaylar ve
karmlarndan oluurlar. zellikleri ak yayl izolatrler
ile ayn olmaldr. Ksa devreyi engellemek iin ask
rotlarnn 20 ila 35 derece salnm yapabilecek ekilde
tasarlanmaldr.Geni termal hareketlere maruz boru
sistemlerine balant yaplrken dner veya kayar
dzenlemeler gerekebilir.

Isolation hangers (type 2 and 3) are used for suspended

pipe and equipment and have rubber, springs or a
combination of spring and rubber elements. Criteria
should be the same as for the spring isolators. To avoid
short-circuiting, hangers should be designed for 20 to
35 deg angular rod misalignment. Swivel or traveler
arrangements may be necessary for connections to
piping systems subject to large thermal movements.

Emme-Basma Tutucu
Thrust Restraint
(5. Tip/Type)
Emme-Basma tutucularn (5. Tip) yay gruplar ak yayl
izolatrlerin yay gruplar ile ayn zelliklere sahip olmaldr.
Emme-Basma tutucular, yksek basn reten cihaz
klarna balanan kanallarn, bu basntan dolay
oluabilecek yatay hareketin oluturaca deformasyonlar
engellemek amacyla kullanlr.
Thrust restraints (type 5) are similar to spring hangers
or isolators and are installed in pairs to resist the thrust
caused by air pressure.

Dorudan zolasyon/Direct Isolation

(A Tipi/Type)
Dorudan izolasyon, (A Tipi) geni soutucular, paketli
hava ileme niteleri ve hava ile soutulmu
kondansatrler gibi tek paral sabit yapda ve ek bir
dayanak gerektirmeyen ekipmanlarda kullanlr. Eer

LOTS

CCD2

ekipmann dorudan izolasyon zerinde desteksiz

kalabileceinden emin deilseniz, yapsal tabanlar (B
Tipi) veya atalet tabanlar (C Tipi) kullannz veya retici
firmaya dannz.
DKS

Direct isolation (type A) is used when equipment is

SPMY

unitary and rigid and does not require additional support.

Direct isolation can be used with large chillers, packaged
air handling units and air-cooled condensers. If there is
doubt that the equipment can be supported directly on
isolators, use structural bases (type B) or inertia bases
(type C) or consult the equipment manufacturer.

ISDS

12

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

Yapsal Tabanlar
Structural Bases
(B Tipi/Type)
Yapsal tabanlar (B Tipi), ekipmanlarn baz konumlarda
desteksiz kalamayaca ve/veya fan gibi bileen
paralarn hizada tutulmalar gerektii yerlerde kullanlr.
Bu tabanlar yayl veya kauuk izolatrler (2. ve 3.Tip)
ile kullanlabilir ve ek sabitleyici cihazlara gerek kalmadan
tm balatma ve iletme kuvvetlerine kar duracak
sabitlikte olmaldrlar. Tabanlar, dikdrtgen eklinde ve
en uzun izolatr aralnn onda birini eit, minimum 102
mm (4) derinlikte yapsal elerden oluur. Maksimum
derinlik, yaps al v eya hizas al durum aksini
gerektirmedik e 304 mm (12) ile snrldr.

Yapsal Tabanlar/Structural Rails

(B Tipi/Type)

Yapsal raylar (B Tipi), tek paral taban

gerektirmeyen veya izolatrlerin ekipman
haricinde olduu ve raylara gereksinim
duyulduu alanlarda kullanlr. Yayl veya kauuk
izolatrlerle kullanlabilirler ve ekipman erilmeden
tayabilecek katlkta olmaldrlar. Endstride genellikle
en uzun izolatr aralnn onda birine eit, minimum
102 mm (4) derinlikte yapsal eler kullanlr. Maksimum
derinlik, yaps al v eya hizas al durum aksini
gerektirmedik e 304 mm (12) ile snrldr.

Beton Tabanlar/Concrete bases

(C Tipi/Type)
Beton tabanlar (C Tipi), genellikle ekipman
sabi tl ey ici v e i z olat r k av ray c
kaynaklanm takviye kollar olan elik
dkme kalplardr. Yapsal tabanlar gibi,
beton tabanlar da salam olmas iin en
uzun izolatr aralnn onda birine eit,
minimum 152 mm (6) derinliktedir. Taban derinlii, kitle,
salamlk veya bileen hizas aksini gerektirmedike,
304 mmyi (12) amas gerekmez.

Structural bases (type B) are used when the equipment

cannot be supported at individual locations and/or where
some means is necessary to maintain alignment of
component parts such as fans. These bases can be
used with spring or rubber isolators (types 2 and 3) and
should have enough rigidity to resist all staring and
operating forces without supplemental hold down devices.
Bases are made in rectangular configurations using
structural members with depth equal to one-tenth the
longest span between isolators, with a minimum depth
of 4 in. (102 mm). Maximum depth is limited to 12 in.
(304 mm) except where structural or alignment
considerations dictate otherwise.

Structural rails (Type B) are used to

support equipment that does not require
a unitary base or where the isolators
are outside the equipment and the rails
act as a cradle. Structural rails (type
B) can be used with spring or rubber
isolators should be rigid enough to support the equipment
without flexing. Usual industry practice is to use structural
members with depth one-tenth of the longest span
between isolators with a minimum depth 4 in. (102 mm).
Maximum depth is limited to 12 in. (304 mm) except
where the structural considerations dictate otherwise.

Concrete bases (type C) consist all

of steel pouring form usually with
welded-in-reinforcing bars, provision
for equipment hold down and isolator
brackets. Like structural bases, for
rigidity, have a depth equal to onetenth the longest span between
isolators with a minimum of 6 in.
(152 mm). Base depth need not exceed 12 in. (304 mm)
unless specifically required for mass, rigidity or component
alignment.

at Tipi zolasyonlu Taban

Curb Isolation

Curb isolation systems are specifically

at tipi izolasyonlu taban sistemleri zellikle

at zerine destekli at ekipmanlar iin
tasarlanmtr ve su geirmez, hava
geirmez kenar montajl yayl izolasyonu vardr. at tipi
izolasyonlu tabanlar, raylar arasna yerletirilmi yaylardan
oluur. Tip 3te belirtilen kriterleri karlamak iin yaylarn
kme miktarlar 25 mm (1) ile snrldr.

and have spring isolation with a

for curb-supported rooftop equipment

13

watertight and airtight curb assembly.

The roof curbs are narrow to accommodate the small
diameter of the spring within rails, limiting the deflection
to 1 in. (25 mm) to meet the design criteria described in
Type 3.

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

DKEY HAT DESTEK SSTEMLER

PIPE RISER SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Yksek binalardaki HVAC sistemlerindeki dikey hatlarn

termal genleme ve ksalmaya bal olarak desteklenmesi
dizayn mhendislerine ok byk problemler yaratrlar.
Standart elik borular 100ft (30.5 m)de 100F (37.8C)
scaklkta 0.8 (20 mm) uzar veya
ksalrlar, dolaysyla yksek binalarda
uzun aftlarn genel uzamas 5 (127
mm)dir.
Eski Metotlar (a ve b)

Supporting pipe risers subject to thermal expansion and

contraction in hi-rise HVAC Systems has presented
tremendous problems to the Design Engineer. Standard
carbon steel piping expands or contracts at a rate of
0.8 (20 mm) per 100ft (30.5 m) per
100F (37.8C), so pipe growth of 5
(127 mm) in tall hi-rise structures is
common.
Yeni Yay

Bu harekete uyum salayacak zmler,

yatay genleme dngleri veya birleik
genleme balantlarn ve muhtelif
dayanak noktas ierir. Bu zmler
uygun olabilir, fakat bir ok negatif ynleri
de mevcuttur.

Obsolete Methods
(a and b)
Genleme
Genleme
Dngleri
Balantlar
Expansion
Expansion
Loops
Joints

Destekli
aft Sistemi
Revolutionary
Spring
Supported
Riser System

Solutions for accommodating this

movement include horizontal expansion
loops or incorporating expansion joints
and several anchor points. These
methods may be adequate, but there
are many negative features.

PH

Yatay genleme dnglerini kullanmak

( ekil A ) ek srtnme ve yatay
hatlardaki yn deiimlerini karlamak
iin daha yksek beygirgl motorlar
gerektirebilir. Ek yatay boru eklemek ek
malzeme ve iilik maliyeti yaratacak
ve borular hattan kp tekrar girdii iin
kullan labilir alan az altacak tr.
Paslanmaz elik veya kauuk genleme
balantlar (ekil B) ortaya kmadan
nce, dizayn mhendislerinin yatay
genleme dnglerini ve dayanak
noktas kullanmaktan baka anslar
yoktu. Genleme balantlar mhendisin
aft hattn dz tutmasn salad, ama
potansiyel baarszlk bir sorun oldu.
Genleme balantsnn baarszl
sadece stma veya soutmann
kaybolmas anlamna gelmiyor, ama
byk bir olaslkla geni bir su veya
buhar kayb anlamna geliyor. Periyodik
olarak genleme balantlarn izlemek
yerine, bunlar eriilebilir olmaldr ve bu
da her zaman olamayabilir. Ek vana,
hzl bir kapama veya bakm iin bir
gereklilik haline gelmitir. Vanalar hem
pahaldr, hem de su hasarn bertaraf
etmek iin kapatmada yavatrlar.
Hem genleme balantlar, hem de
genleme dng sistemleri oklu
dayanak noktas gerektirirler ki bu da
dizayn mhendisine bir baka zor konu
sunar. Dayanak noktas iftlerinde
ykler, genleme dnglerini veya
genleme balantlarn hareket ettirme
ekil
ekil
Figure : A
Figure : B
art genleme balants itme kuvvet
ykleri ile eletirdiinizde ok yksek
deerlere ulaabilirler. Hem dayanak
noktas, hem de yap destekleri iin
y k sek emniyet f aktrleri uygun hale gelir.
Bugnn dikey hat dizayn tekniinin son durumu, birleik
oklu yay sistemlerinin dikey hatt desteklemek iin
stratejik noktalara yerletirilmesi ve kk ve
hesaplanabilir yk deiimleri ile uzamaya veya
ksalmaya izin vermesi sayesinde basitlemilerdir. (ekil
C)
Yayl destek sistemleri, alma annda hareketsiz kalan
bir merkezi izoleli dayanak noktas salayarak veya yay
destei ile tamamen serbest kayar sistem olarak dizayn

The use of horizontal expansion loops

(Figure A) can result in the need for
higher horse power pumps to overcome
the additional friction and directional
change in the horizontal runs. The
additional horizontal piping adds to
material and labor costs and may reduce
the amount of rentable space as the
pipe leaves and returns to the riser
chase.

10

Prior to the introduction of stainless steel

or rubber expansion joints (Figure B),
Design Engineers had no choice but to
incorporate expansion loops and
anchors. Expansion joints enabled the
Engineer to keep the riser straight, but
potential failure became an issue. The
failure of an expansion joint means not
only loss of heating or cooling, but a
good possibility of extensive water or
steam damage. In order to periodically
inspect the expansion joints, they must
remain accessible and this is not always
possible. Additional valving becomes
a necessity for rapid shut down or
maintenance. Valves are both expensive
and slow to close to avoid water damage.

ekil
Figure : C

Both expansion joints and expansion

loop systems require multiple anchor
points which present the Design
Engineer with yet another difficult task.
The loads on the anchor pairs can be
quite high when coupled with the forces
to move the expansion loops or
expansion joints plus expansion joint
thrust. Large safety factors become
advisable for both anchorage and
structural supports.

Todays state of the art riser support design simplifies

these problems by incorporating multiple spring mounts
strategically placed to support the riser and allow
expansion and contraction with small and easily calculable
load changes. (Figure C)
The spring support systems can be designed to utilize
a central isolated anchor which remains neutral during
operation, or a totally free-floating system with spring
support only. If a single anchor is used, it is located as
close as possible to the middle of the riser to direct the

GENERAL DATA

GENEL BLGLER

edilebilir. Eer tek bir dayanak noktas kullanlr ise,

borunun dayanak noktasna doru uzamasn veya
ksalmasn dorudan salamak iin aftn ortasna
olabildiince yakn bir noktaya yerletirilmelidir. Dayanak
noktasn aftn merkezine yerletirmek iki utaki uzamay
veya ksalmay yarya indirecektir. Dayanak noktas,
ekipmann bakm iin su arl kaldrldnda ayaklarn
eriimi ve tekrar ayarlamasn gerektirmeyen en kt
durum kuvvetleri ortaya ktnda bu kuvvetleri
karlayacak ekilde dizayn edilmitir.
Dayanak noktasz veya tamamen serbest-kayar sistemler
uzamay veya ksalmay merkezden salayacak ekilde
dizayn edilmitir, fakat ikiye ayrlma ve u noktalarn
katlnn hesaplanmas zor olduundan dolay kontrol
ok zordur ve ikiye ayrlma noktalarnda kazasal hareket
snrlandrmalarndan kanmak iin montaj annda
yakndan izlenmelidir. Ek olarak, ekipman bakm iin
su arl kandrldnda, alternatif snrlandrma metodu
veya ayr balant tekrardan ayarlamas gerekebilir.
Destek yapsnn mukavemetine bal olarak, yay
balantlarnn adedi ve yeri maksimum yk dalm iin
her katta bir setten deiebilir veya daha uzun
mesafelerde yerletirilebilir. zolasyonlu boru klavuzlar,
dayanak noktal veya dayanak noktasz yayl destek
sistemlerinin hizalanmasn salamak iin bir ok sistemde
kullanlmaldr. aftlar btnln salandndan emin
olmak iin montajda ucuca kaynak edilmi olabilir. Monte
edil mesi kolayd r v e bak m gerek ti rmez ler.

pipe to expand away or contract towards the anchor

point. By locating the anchor in the center of the riser
the expansion and contraction at each end is cut in half.
The anchor is designed to withstand the worst case
forces generated when the water weight is removed for
maintenance of equipment without the need to access
and re-adjust the mountings.
Unanchored or totally free-floating systems are designed
to expand or contract from the center as well, but control
is far more difficult as branch off and end stiffnesses are
difficult to calculate and installations must be closely
watched to avoid accidental movement restrictions at
branch offs. In addition, when water weight is removed
for equipment maintenance, an alternate restraint method
or individual mounting readjustment may be required.
Depending on the support structures strength, the number
and location of spring mounts may vary from one set on
every floor for maximum load distribution or they may
be spaced at greater intervals. Isolated pipe guides
should be used in most systems to maintain alignment
of anchored or unanchored spring support systems.
Risers can be butt welded when installed to assure
integrity. They are easy to install and require no
maintenance.

En nemlisi, her destek noktasndaki ykn tm

koullarda bilinmesidir; rnek olarak, monte edilmi, bo,
dolu ve en u alma scaklklarnda. Ek bir yarar, aft
uzama ve ksalmasndan dolay ufak yk deiimleri ile
desteklemi olmasnn yannda yaylarn dk frekansl
destekler olmasndan dolay da binalardan etkin bir
biimde izole edilmi olmalardr.

Most importantly, the load at each support point is known

under all conditions, i.e., installed, empty, full and
operating at both temperature extremes. An added
benefit is that the riser is not only supported with minor
load changes throughout its expansion and contraction,
but it is also effectively isolated from the building as the
springs provide low natural frequency support.

Eski moda sistemlerin tm negatif etkilerinden doru

dizayn edilmi yayl dikey hat destek sistemleri ile
kanlabilir.
[4]

All negative aspects of the obsolete systems are avoided

with properly designed spring supported riser system.
[4]

Dey Hat
Boru Kelepesi
Riser Support
Pipe Clamp

Balang kmesi
Intial Deflection
Mesnet
Mount

Yayl Balant
Spring Mount

1 (25 mm)
Boluk/Clearance
Ayar ncesi
Prior to Adjustment

Neopren Mesnet
Balants
Neoprene Mount

Mesnet
Mount

Ayar Sonras
After Adjustment