9th Grade Biology (Dr.

Tu), Fall Term

Stuyvesant High School

Review: Cellular Respiration (Lecture #10)

Textbook Readings: Polar Bear Book: Chapter 8 (p. 131-143); Kraus (green book):
Chapter 7 (p. 142-151)
Aim 1: Basic Information
I.
Formula: CHO + 6O 6CO + 6HO + 36/38 ATPs
II.
The high-energy molecule ATP is synthesized from ADP and Pi
III.
Energy is constantly lost as heat
IV.
Reactions that involve e
Reduction (gain) [Oxygen is a major reducer]
Oxidation (loss) [Glucose is oxidized]
Aim 2: Major Stages of Cellular Respiration
I.
Glycolysis
Occurs in cytoplasm
Starts with glucose molecule (6 Carbons) ATPs are used to create 2 G3P (3
Carbons each) 2 NADH, 2 H+ produced 2 ATPs, 2 pyruvates generated
II.
Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle (Aerobic)
Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Starts with 2 pyruvates
Activates e carriers (8 NADH, 2 FADH), creates 2 ATPs and 6 CO, produces 8
H+ ions
III.
Oxidative Phosphorylation (Aerobic)
66 % efficient
Occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane (and intermembrane space)
ATP Synthase uses the H+ gradient created by the electron transport chain (3
protein complexes use e from carriers) to create 32-34 ATPs from ADP and Pi.
At the end of the electron transport chain, Oxygen bonds with 4H and 4e to
form HO.
Aim 3: Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)
I.
Follows Glycolysis; uses 2 pyruvates; frees e carriers (NAD, FAD)
II.
Lactic Acid Fermentation: Creates 2 lactates (lactic acid), produces 2 ATPs
[inefficient]
III.
Alcoholic Fermentation : Creates 2 ethanols and 2 CO
Aim 4: Poisons
I.
3 types:
Blocks electron transport chain
Inhibits ATP Synthase (allosteric inhibition)
Destroys H+ gradient by making membranes leaky
Aim 5: Other
I.
System contains openings that allow molecules to enter the process, providing
energy
II.
ATPs drive biosynthesis of macromolecules, tissues, cells, and more
III.
Acetyl CoA formation in between Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle activates more NADH
Helpful Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M (Mr. Anderson!!)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGaP9nE8d9k (A copy of the video Dr. Tu showed)

GOOD LUCK, GUYS!!!! ---Y.A.B.