( ucsr University FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY & BUILT ENVIRONMENT FINAL EXAMINATION Student ID (in Figures): [| LLELEIL [ ) Student ID (in Words) Course Code & Name: EM 201 / EV 201 Fluid Mechanics Semester May ~ August 2015 Instructor/Examiner/Lecturer : Dr. Lee Kee Quen Duration :3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: ‘There is (6) questions set. Answer any FIVE (5) questions (Total 100 marks). This question paper consists of 7 pages, excluding the cover page. Answers to the questions are to be written in the answer booklet. Candidates are not allowed to bring into the Examination Hall textbooks, lecture notes, files or any materials except writing equipment and scientific calculator. Electronic dictionaries are This question paper must be submitted along with all used and/or unused rough papers and/or graph papers (if any). Candidates are NOT allowed to take any examination materials out of the examination hall Warning: ‘The University Examination Board of UCSI University regards cheating as a most serious offence and will not hesitate to mete out the appropriate punitive actions according to the severity of the offence committed, and in accordance with the clauses stipulated in the Students’ Handbook, up to and including expulsion from UCST University.May - August 2015 Final Examination EM20U/EV201 Fluid Mechanics Note: You may use the density of water p = 1000 kg/m’, if not provided in the question. QI (a) Discuss the stability of (@) A submerged body (2. marks) (i) A floating body (6 marks) Whose center of gravity is above the center of buoyancy. (b) Balloons are often filled with helium gas because it weighs only about one-seventh of shat ait weighs under identical conditions. The buoyancy force, which can be expressed as Fs = par&Veoitoon Will push the balloon upwards, If the balloon has a diameter of 10 m and carries two people, 85 kg cach, determine the acceleration of the balloon when it is first released. Assume the density of air is p = 1.16 kg/m’, and neglect the weight of the ropes and the cage, (12 marks) HELIUM fda tom Figure Qib Q2 The resisting force Fp of a supersonic plane during flight can be considered as dependent upon the length of the aircraft /, velocity V, air viscosity y, air density p and pressure P. Generate the functional relationship between these variables and the resisting foree. (20 marks) Page # of?May ~ August 2015 Final Examination EM201/EV201 Fluid Mechanics @ b) Q4 @ (b) A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 44 kg/s by an upward angle @ = 60° from the flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. ‘The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 190 cm? at the inlet and 40 cm? at the exit. The elevation difference between the centers of the exit and the inlet is 55 cm. The mass of the elbow and the water in it is 77 kg. Take the momentum flux correction factor to be 1.05 at both the inlet and outlet. Propose the: Anchoring force (18 marks) Angle needed to hold the elbow in place. (2: marks) 40 cm 60° 2 190 cm’ 55cm Water 44 ke/s 7 Figure Q3 Consider two identical channels, one rectangular of bottom width and one circular of diameter D, with identical flow rates, bottom slopes, and surface linings. If the flow height in the rectangular channel is also 6 and the circular channel is flowing half fall Evaluate the relation between b and D, (16 marks) Which channel is more efficient? Justify it based on the wetted perimeter (4 marks) Page 2 of 7May - August 2015 Final Examination EM201/8V201 Fluid Mechanics Q5 (a) The fluid velocity at the stagnation pressure is expressed as 2(Pstag p Derive and analyze it based on the Bernoulli equation. Show all of your works including the sketch, (10 marks) (b) A fireboat is to fight fires at coastal areas by drawing seawater with a density of 1030 kg/m through a 10-cm-diameter pipe at a rate of 0.04 m’/s and discharging it through a hose nozzle with an exit diameter of 5 cm. The total irreversible head loss of the system is 3 m, and the position of the nozzle is 4 m above sea level. For a pump efficiency of 70 percent, determine the required shaft power input to the pump and the water discharge velocity. (10 marks) Figure Q5b Page 3 of 7‘May ~ August 2015 Final Examination EM2OMU/EV201 Fluid Mechanics Q6 (a) A certain part of cast iron piping of water distribution system involves a parallel section. ) Both parallel pipes have a diameter of 30 cm, and the flow is fully turbulent. One of the branches (pipe A) is 1500 m long while the other branch (pipe B) is 2500 m long, If the flow rate through pipe A is 0.4 m’/s, determine the flow rate through pipe B. Disregards minor losses and assume the coefficient of friction ( f) for both of the pipes is the same. (7 marks) Figure Q6a Water at 15°C (9 = 999 kg/m? and y = 1.138 x 10° kg/ms) is flowing steadily in a 3.4-cm-diameter horizontal pipe made of copper at a rate of 5.8 L/s, The length of the pipe is 65 m. Propose (@) Pressure drop (9 marks) (i) Head loss (2 marks) (iii) The required pumping power input (2 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER Page 4 of?May - August 2015 Table Final Examination Table 1: Manning coefficient Wall Material A. Artificially lined channels Glass Brass Steel, smooth Steel, painted Steel, riveted Cast iron Concrete, finished Concrete, unfinished Wood, planed Wood, unplaned Clay tile Brickwork Asphalt Corrugated metal Rubble masonry B, Excavated earth chann Clean Gravelly Weedy Stony, cobbles ©. Natural channels Clean and straight Sluggish with deep poots Major rivers Mountain streams D. Floodplains Pasture, farmland Light brush Heavy brush Trees Page 5 of 7 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.025 0,022 0,025 0.030 0.035 0.030 0.040 0.035 0.050 0.036 0.050 0.075 0.150 EMDOU/EV201 Fluid MechanicsMay - August 2015, Final Examination EM201/EV201 Fluid Mechanles Figure G2 *ssauya00 SANRIO ga 9 2 85 6,00001 os 0.04 0.03 002 0.015 56 8 pf WIS 456 Big Reynolds number, Re Pores wonaiay Koxecy Figure 1: Moody's chart Page 6 of7May - August 2015 Final Examination EM201/6V201 Fluid Mechanies Ac yb + yltan 2b fy we a ATEN A COB (b) Teapezoidal channel ie (a) Circular channel (@ in rad) ae) atte ae Bea RTH REY (d) Liquid film of thickness y (e) Rectangular channel Figure 2: Hydraulic radius relationship for various open-channel geometries, Page ? of ?