ORTOGRAPIYA IVATAN

NAYTULAS:
GEORGANN GABILO-CARIASO
Education Program Supervisor

KONSULTANT:
FLORENTINO H. HORNEDO, PhD
UNESCO Commissioner/Consultant on Ivatan Culture and Language

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANES

2015

Ortograpiya Ivatan
Revised 2015

Copyright: Arava u copyright du atavu a trabahu a pinarin nu gobyerno nu Pilipinas; am alit na pa ta

mayanung u kahap su permisu nu ahensiya nu gobyerno a minarin siya u trabahu awri a manma kanu
kapaysirbi siya (nattun) an u sirbian siya am ipaydakaw.

Naytulas: GEORGANN G. CARIASO

Konsultant: FLORENTINO H. HORNEDO, PhD
Minarin su Glosaryo: AYRINE C. GERONIMO

Pinarin du ka Superintendent ni: WIVINA B. GONZALES

Printed and Distributed by:

DepEd, Schools Division of Batanes

U KAPANMUAN SU LIBRU (FOREWORD)

U Ortograpiya Ivatan am niya u pananuran du kapaytulas su Ivatanen.
Miyan pa du libru aya u pananuran du gramatika.
Aru

sira u chirin a yapu du Kastila, Ingles, Filipino kanu kadwan pa sira

mangana chirin a abu pa su katulasan du Ivatan. Niya sira am sirbien an angu u

katulasan du pinakayapuan da. Kayan na pa ta uyud a importante u consistency
of the language form du kapatulas sira ya. Akma su miyan du Kautusang
Pangkagawaran Bilang 104, 2009, marayi ava du Filipino u kapaytulas su Ivatanen.
U kadwan a pananuran du Filipino a nakatulas du Ortograpiyang Pambansa 2014
am niya u unutan an di a nabnek du Ortograpiya Ivatan aya.
Pinatulas u ortograpiya aya ka Disyembre, 2012 as kapapanmu niya du
atavu sira stakeholders nu DepEd Batanes ka October 3, 2013. Nakayapu diya am
niya u inunutan du kapamarin su pachinanawan nu iskuyla (Learning Materials) a
makayapu du Kindergarten a manda du Grade 3 du kapateptep siya u K to 12
Basic Education Curriculum as kasirbi su Ivatan a medium of instruction kanu ka asa
na niya a subject a vatan su Mother Tongue. U nakapatulas siya (format and
layout) am pinalialit du pinarin nu DepEd tapyan masunung a unutan nu iskuyla a
makayapu du Grade 1.
Uyud a rakuh u sidung ni Dr. Florentino H. Hornedo a nakayapu du
kapayplanu siya patulasen a manda du ka-edit su ortograpiya aya. Pinayvatan u
pinatulas na a Rules on Ivatan Grammar a niya su miyan du Appendix A.
U DepEd Batanes a iya su minparin su Ortoprapiya aya am ichakey na
ipapanmu ta niya ava u kavusan nu pananuran sira aya. Maviyay u chirin ta as du
kararaw a kasirbi ta siya am maparin u kayan nu paytadian kanu kayan pa sira nu
machirapa chirichirin. Pariin anchi u kaparapa sira a pananuran tapyan miyan u
istandardisado a katulasan an angu u kabnek su makayavayu sira a chirin.

U Naytulas

ORTOGRAPIYA IVATAN
U GRAFEMA
U LETRA SIRA
Aa
ey

Bb
bi

Cc
si

CHch
si eyts

Dd
di

Ee
I

Ff
ef

Gg
ji

Hh
eyts

Ii
ay

Jj
jey

Kk
key

Ll
el

Mm
em

Nn
en

eye

NGng
en ji

Oo
ow

Pp
pi

Qq
kyu

Rr
ar

Ss
es

Tt
ti

Uu
yu

Vv
vi

Ww
dobolyu

Xx
eks

Yy
way

Zz
zi

U DI SIRA LETRA
Mayalit u Filipino kanu English a maparin a sirbien du ngaran da nu
umunut aya. Uyud a importante u katudin nu chirin a sirbien. Anu Filipino u
pinasitnanan su kasirbi su ngaran nu simbolo am paytaytadien ava kanu English
na du kapaytulas. (rule on consistency of the language form)
kudlit; apostrophe ()

tuldok-kuwit; semi colon (;)

tuldok; period (.)

tutuldok; colon (:)

pananong; question mark (?)

gitling; dash(-)

padamdam; exclamation point (!)

gatlang; hyphen ()

kuwit; comma (,)

hati/antala; slash (/)

U IVATAN ALPABETO
Chirin du madday su Letra (Key Word)
VIDANG
NU LETRA
29

A
B
C
Ch
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N

NG
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

PANANURAN

VOWELS

CONSONANTS

DIGRAPH

U Nivuhud sa Letra

23

Ee -machalit du Filipino. a - anus

e- eroplano
Ex.: eroplano, engkahe. U () geget
sivug ta chirin a Ivatan am I - ina
o - okra
mabnek du mid, central, u unas

closed vowel () akma su:

uved, geget. U kadwan
pa sira chirin am abneken
an angu kabnekan siya
du

pinakayapuan

akma

su:

na.

Gobernador,

anghel, empanada
O,o

machalit

du

Filipino. An abneken ya nu
Ivatan am Uu. Akma su:
eroplano as an abneken
am iruplanu

B-bagu
C-computer
D-dadima
F-faluwa
G-gadang
H-hama
J-jinjin
K-kama
L-lukuy
M-mani
N-nana
-ipen
NG-ngaran
P-pusak
Q-Quadrangle
R-rida
S-sudi
T-tintin
V-vuday
W-wawahu
X-x-ray
Y-yuyunu
Z-zebra

ChChavayan,
chidat,
tachay,
chayi

C, Q, X, Z machalit du

English
anmana
pinakayapuan na

du

Atavu kadwan pa sira letra am abneken a machalit du Filipino.

U nakapidi su key words sira aya am inunutan u vidang nu letra a masanib a miyan du
chirin kanu vuku a chirin sira. Niya pa u kaununut nu kapachinanawu da diya u Ivatan
alpabeto nu iskuyla a makayapu du Kindergarten.

Kadwan pa sira Chirin a Sumitnan du madday su Letra

Letra

Aa

Ee
(adapted words)

Ee (as )
(u sivug a Ivatan)

Ii

Oo
(adapted words)

Uu

Vowels
Ivatan
amung
angang
abkas
aradu
akus
eroplano
engkahe
elepante
entablado
examin
geget
riyes
kahedes
rayem
atep
ijang
ipes
ipun
Inlu/ilu
iswan
Oktubre
opisina
obispo
okra
ostrich
uhed
unas
uhu
umang
uvi

English
fish
jar
wave
plow
garlic
airplane
lace
elephant
stage
examination
lizard
sea current
styrofoam
needle
roof
natural fortress
cockroach
shrimps
thread
handbar
October
office
bishop
okra
ostrich
worm
sugarcane
head
hermit crab
yam

Letra

Bb

Cc
(abneken a Kk)

Cc
(abneken a Ss)

Ch

Dd

Ff

Gg

Hh

Consonants
Ivatan
baratay
bintan
bulyas
bagu
bubuh
cake
coke
carrot
computer
Celso
citizen
cellphone
Cely
Cesar
chidat
chimuy/timuy
chibut
Chavayan
chipuhu
dijaw
dipawu
dibang
dakaw
dichud
faluwa
fecha
frasku
familia
galagal
gatus
gavu
gait
geget
husung
huvay
husagen
hahan
hait

English
scaffoldings
window
onion
pig
feather; fine feather/down
or hair
cake
coke
carrot
computer
Celso
citizen
cellphone
Cely
Cesar
lightning; type of fish
rain
spear, arrow
A barrio in Sabtang
bread fruit tree & its fruit
bottle
lima beans
flying fish
goods for sale
back
passenger boat
date
type of bottle
family
saw
sin; debt
arm wrestling
disease;illness
lizard
wooden mortar
earrings
pig food
limestone
heaven

jinjin
Jj

Kk

Ll

Mm

Nn

jip
jihuk
jaket
jam
kahehep
kanayi
kalapay
kadupi
kulchib
lamisa
lukuy
laji
laylay
lapis
mayis
manumanuk
muhamuha
mahep
mahakay
naned
nanawuy
nunuk
nuka
nasbang
uy
ii

Ng

Pp

isu
ipen
ngaran
ngares
ngalab
ngahay
pinuspus
palek
payi
pantaw
paltug

Type of Ivatan house;

cogon (wall) panel
jeepney
curve; crook
jacket
jam
fog
vest(worn by men)woven out of
dried banana leaves or vuyavuy
basket (for men)
elongated jewelry basket
scissors
table
bolo
Ivatan Folk Song
Dress, shirt, blouse(refers to RTW)

pencil
corn
bird (generic)
plants
night
male/boy
housefly
flying net
kind of shrub/bush
wound
orphaned
coconut
earthquake;also refers to a
monocot used for hat and basket
weaving

bad weather
tooth/teeth
name
gum
sharp edge
saliva
rope
native wine
lobster
door
gun

Qq

Rr

Ss

Tt

Vv

Ww

Xx

Yy

Zz

Quezon
Quiapo
quadragle
aquarium
Quintin
rawut
ravil
rachi
raya
rapuyan
sagap
susi
savusavung
salawsaw
saryu
tatus
tulay
talugung
tana
takey
vuhawan
viiveh
vuhawu
vatu
vahay
wakay
wari
warawara
wasay
x-ray
Xerox
xylophone
taxi
yuvuk
yungu
yangaw
yaru
yayu
zipper
zoo
zebra
Zamboanga
zero

Quezon
Quiapo
quadragle
aquarium
Quintin
millet
violin
rust
blood
stove
fishing net
key
flower
wind
necklace
coconut crab
bridge
(type of native) hat
soil/land
farm/field
gold
banana
ant (generic)
stone
house
camote
younger sibling
belongings
axe
x-ray
Xerox
xylophone
taxi
type of basket
fence
branch/twig
community work/free labor
run
zipper
zoo
zebra
Zamboanga
zero

U PANANURAN ANU MAYTULAS

I.

U KABNEKAN NU CHIRIN
Patulasen u madday su letra nu chirin. Abneken u ngaran nu letra a

miyan du asa ka chirin, silaba, akronim, daglat, inisyal, simbulo a sirbien du

Science, kanu kadwan pa sira.

Chirin

Silaba

U KAPAYTULAS

U KABNEKAN NA

vahay

/vi-ey-eych-ey-way/

dijaw

/di-ay-jey-ey-dobolyu/

chitu

/si-eych-ay-ti-u/

Viola

/capital vi-ay-ow-el-ey/

maka

/em-ey-key-ey/

paycha

/pi-ey-way-si-eych-ey/

um

/yu-em/

mang

/em-ey-en-ji/

Akronim

SDC (Saint Dominic College)

/es-di-si/

BNSHS (Batanes National Science High School)

BATANELCO (Batanes Electric Cooperative)

/bi-en-es-eych-es/

/bi-ey-ti-ey-en-i-el-si-ow/

PGO (Provincial Governors Office)

/pi-ji-ow/

Daglat

SB (Sangguniang Bayan)

/ capital es-capital bi/

Dr. (doctor)

/capital di-ar period/

Hon. (Honorable)

/capital eych-ow-en period/

Mrs. (Missis)

/capital em-ar-es period/

Inisyal nu Ngaran nu Tawu

FVR (Fidel V. Ramos)

/ef-vi-ar/

MLQ (Manuel Luis Quezon)

/em-el-kyu/

FHH (Florentino H. Hornedo)

/ef-eych-eych/

CPR (Carlos P. Romulo)

/si-pi-ar/

Simbulo du Science/Mathematics

II.

Au (gold)

/ey-yu/

Km (kilometer)

/key-em/

m (meter)

/em/

Fe (iron)

/capital ef-i/

U KAPAYTULAS SU CHIRIN
A. U unutan du kapay-translate, kavuhud su chirin a machitarek:

1.

Du kapaytulas su chirin a nivuhud du Ingles kan Filipino am sirbien ta mismu u

katulasan anmana ispeling nu chirin sira aya.
computer
x-ray
cellphone

2.

zebra
taxi
pizza

eroplano
Diyos
entablado

klase
partido
opisina

Sirbien u katulasan anmana ispeling nu chirin sira a Kastila a nayendes dana sirbien.
familia

guarda pelo

de perlas

fecha

faluwa

lechon

yembra y macho

3. Sirbien du Ivatanen u istandardisadu a ispeling da du Filipino nu chirin a

vinuhuvuhuran a yapu du Ingles, Kastila, Pranses kanu kadwan pa sira a mangana
chirin.
Kastila
Filipino
Ivatan
maquina
celebracion
viaje
English
spelling
institution
English
3.1.

- makina
- selebrasyon
- biyahe

- makina
- selebrasyon
- biyahe

Filipino

Ivatan

-ispeling (baybay)
-institusyon
- Ingles

- ispeling
- institusyon
- Ingles

Sirbien u matai a ispeling anmana katulasan da du Ivatan nu chirin sira a

yapu du Kastila kanu kadwan pa akma su umunut sira aya:
Yapu du Matarek (foreign words)
Camarin
la mesa
Comic
Cebolla
ajo
cedula
syllable

3.2

Ivatan
- kamadid
- Lamisa
- komik
- bulyas
- akus
- sidula
- silaba

Unutan u ispeling da du Filipino nu ngarangaran da nu vuhan nu awan

kanu araraw sira nu duminggu takwan chinaywaman dana sira aya.
Katadkan nu araw a Duminggu
Enero
Pebrero
Marso
Abril
Mayo
Hunyo
Hulyo

Hulyo
Agosto
Setyembre
Oktubre
Nobyembre
Disyembre

Lunes
Martes
Miyerkules
Huwebes
Biyernes
Sabado
Duminggu

4. Mavidin u katulasan nu chirin a technical, scientific terms kanu yapu du kultura nu

kadwan a kavahayan.
Haji
calculator
gymnasium

caao
power point
aquarium

Ifugao
keyboard
printer

Badjao
calcium
disk

5. U adan sa nakatulas a mairbi su C as u kabnekan na am K kan J as u kabnekan

na am H, unutan dana u kapaytulas du Filipino, katadkan na an ngaran nu tawu
kanu kavahayan.
mapacabu - mapakabu
jait - hait
caktej- kakteh

mamajes mamahes
Jose - Jose
Imnajbu- Imnajbu

6. Tadian pa sira ava u ngarangaran da nu kavahayan kanu kadwan pa sira a

institusyon akma su umunut sira aya:
Imnajbu Barrio School

- Imnajbu Barrio School

Mahatao (mahataw)

- Mahatao

7. Vidiin u letra Ee du kapaytulas su sumivug ta sira chirin, as u kabnek siya am

schwa (). Maparin ava patadian su Uu anmana Ii.
geget maparin ava gigit/gugut
sehdang maparin ava suhdang/sihdang
matbel maparin ava matbul
kepkepen maparin ava kipkipin/kupkupun
8. Vidiin u Ee du chirin sira yapu du Kastila kan du Filipino a miyan su Ee.
eroplano (iruplanu)
engkahe (ingkahi)
mensahe (minsahe)

anghel (anghil)
entabblado

9. Vidiin u Oo du chirin sira yapu du Kastila kan du Filipino a miyan su Oo.

insenso
opisina

milagro
eroplano

partido
obispo

10. U letra am sirbien du talulasan da nu sumnivug a chirin a Ivatan.

ain
ii
uy
ipen
isu
iapuan
luis
iisan
11. Sirbien u silaba ay du umunut sira aya.
chidway

- maparin ava a chidwai

wakay

- maparin ava a wakai

12. Miyan sira u chirin a miyan su silaba a chi, niya sira am abneken da nu Ivasay
kanu Itbayat a ti.
chimuy- timuy
chipuhu tipuhu
chitu titu
12.1.

chiban - tiban
anchi - anti
chibdas tibdas

Machisivug/sumivug u Ch du umunut sira aya as maparin ava a Ti anu

abneken anmana patulasen.
chidat

chayi

chinilas

tachi

tatchay

chirin

ichan

12.2. Maparin ava tadian su ts u digraph a CH/ch du sumnivug a chirin a

Ivatan.
Chavayan

ichamu

chinarey

Chanarian

sicharaw

chitahen

Chanpan

ichasaray

chidat

12.3. Miyan du pananuran aya u kasirbi su ispeling na du Filipino nu kadwan sira a

chirin (Vidang 3) am kayan na pa ta miyan sira u mangana a chirin
kanatunan u yapu du Kastila kanu Ingles a niya su chinaywaman dana
katulasan na. Akma su umunut sira aya.
Kastila/Ingles

Filipino

Ivatan

lechon

letson

lechon

achara

atsara

achara

pitcher

pitser

pitcher

13. Paypiruahen u vowel nu chirin a miyan su long vowel sound. Niya am asa ka silaba
akma su umunut sira aya.
taaw (taaw)

manaaw (manaaw)

suut (suut)

tuud (tuud)

13.1. Paypirwahen u manawdi a vowel du chirin sira sirbien a adverbs.

Niya u paytarek nu katulasan na du adjectives.
Adverbs

Adjectives

Mawadii u kayam na.

Maviid u kachichiban na.
Madumii a mayliliyak

Mawadi u sakayan namen.

Mavid a mavakes.
Madumi a liyak

14. U suffixes AN kan EN.

14.1. U kasirbi su an. An u kavusan nu chirin (root word) as i tadian ava su y.
Akma pa siya an u kavusan na as u, tadian ava su w. Akma su umunut
sira aya.
tadi tadian

tapi tapian (floor)

uhu uhuan; payuhuan

idi kaidian

uvi kauvian

upu kaupupuan

sirbi - sirbien

sirbi - sirbian

yapu pinakayapuan

14.2. An u chirin as miyan d du paytawan nu dadua ka vowels, anmana d u

kavusan nu rootword am tadian su r; akma pa siya an b u kavusan nu
rootword am tadyan su v akma du umunut sira aya: (noun to verb)
vuhud
pudpud
vahud
kudkud
tuhud
vadichid
adpid
latab
aneb
aib

- vuhuDen
- PudpuDen
- vahuDen
- kudkuDen
- patuhuDen
- vadicheDen
- adpiDan
- lataBen
- aneban
- aiben

- vuhuRen
- pudpuRen
- vahuRen
- kudkuRen
- patuhuRen
-vadichiRen
- adpiRan
- lataVen
- aneVan
- aiven

B. Unutan du kasirbi su Mayuskula (Capital Letter)

1. Sirbien u mayuskula du manumma letra du ngaran nu tawu, ngaran nu kavahayan,
ngaran nu araw kanu vuhan, ngaran nu kaiskuylan kanu kadwan pa matai a
ngaran. Akma pa siya u unutan du kapaytulas su sitnanan nu asa ka vuku a chirin.
Juan V. Fuentes

Basco

Ivana Elem. School

St. Dominic

Abril

Lunes

Sirbien u mayuskula du manumma letra nu manumma a chirin a sitnanan nu

asa ka vuku a chirin
2. U kadwan pa panirbian su mayuskula am akma su unutan du kapaytulas du Filipino.

C. U Kadwan pa sira a Unutan du Kapaytulas

1. Uyud a importante u consistency of the language form du kapaytulas su nivuhud sa
chirin (borrowed words).
Si Principal

- mavidin a Principal [tadian pa ava su Prinsipal]

Si Supervisor

- mavidin a Supervisor [superbisor]

familia

- mavidin a familia [pamilya]

contest

- contest [contest]

2. U kasirbi su hyphen.
2.1.

Sirbien u hyphen an mairbi su Ingles du kapaytulas su paripariin (verbs)

akma su umunut sira aya:
i-drawing
may-drawing
mapa-drawing
napa-drawing
mapa-LBC

i-text
may-text
nay-text
i-check
ipa-LBC

i-computer
may-computer
mapa-computer
napa-computer

2.2.

Sirbien AVA u hyphen du kapatulas su dadua ka mayalit a chirin an u

inmunmuan na u vidang na. (plural form)
tawutawu

bagubagu

vatuvatu

2.3.

An u sitnanan kanu kavusan a letra as vowel, sirbien u hyphen.

ina-ina
ama-ama

2.4.

Katadkan na an akmay asa u kabnekan anmana u liyak nu dadua aya ka

letra, akma su:
apuapu
anguangu

2.5.

Arava u hyphen du kapatulas su dadua ka chirin a kumavus du vowel kanu

sumitnan du vowel akma su umunut sira aya:
Mu Apu
sira u..

..aku anchi
niya u

..imu ava
yapu anchi

3. U kasirbi su KAN, KANU, KANI, KADA (AND)

a. Sirbien u KAN an mayalit a singular nouns a katadkan nu tawu.
amung kan pichay
kuchara kan tinidur
vulit kan kurti
b. Sirbien u KANI an u mangunut as singular personal noun.
Sa Jose kani Maria
Sa Ama kani Ina ku
Sa kakteh ku kani Pedro.
c. Sirbien u KANU an u mangunut as singular common noun, adjectives kanu verbs
sira.
mahutu kanu ichan
kapaytataaw kanu kahakaw
mayvuyas kanu maylampasu
rakuh kanu mahi a kayu
d. Sirbien u KADA an u mangunut sira as plural personal or collective nouns.
Sa Jose kada kakteh na
Sa Pilar kada maran sa Paking kani Tacio.
amuamung kada rakarakanen

e. Sirbien u KANIRA [KANSIRA] SA/U an u mangunut as collective personal nouns.

Sa Principal kanira [kansira]u bisita
Sa Juan kanira u lipulipus na

f.

KANIMU, KANYAKEN, KANYAMEM, KANYATEN, KANINYU am compound forms sira.

[kan imu; kan yaken; kan yamen; kan yaten; kan inyu] An sinitnan u
kasirbi su compound forms sira aya am uyud a importante u consistency
of the language form.

g. AS KANU; AS KAN; AS KANI: pachingangayan na pa (in addition to); an miyan u

paykumparahen.
Maychan kami su amung kan pichay as kanu luis pa.
Makarakarang si Jun as kani Mar.
Masdesdep u kamaya as kan natu.

U PANANURAN DU GRAMATIKA
I.

U ASA KA VUKU A CHIRIN (Sentence)

1. Declarative Sentences:
a. Du Ivatanen am manma u predicate kanu subject.
Mangay aku du takey.
Mavid u vuhan.
Magaradu si Pilo su unasen.
Nangay si Maria du plasa.
2. Interrogative Sentences:
a. Sirbien u umunut sira aya an miyan u iyahes. Question mark u
pangavusan na.
Ara?
Ara paru?
Verb+ paru?
Mangay paru?
Magait paru?
Mawara paru?
Mangay aku paru du takey?
Ara paru sa a mayayit du kamayisan?
Ara makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
Ara paru makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
b. Sirbien u Miyan anmana Miyan paru.
Miyan sa kakuyab du vahay da?
Miyan paru sa du kawara da ina da?
c. Sirbien u Makey.Makey paru
Makey kamu nu amung?
Makey kamu paru nu amung?
Makey ka machivan di yaken?
Makey paru si Ding a mangay du takey?

d. Sirbien pa sira u verbs a sumitnan du prefix Maka (to be able)

Makakayat si Rudy su uy?
Makaparin ka su kavadag?
3. Imperative Sentences:
a. U imperative sentences am akmay interrogative sentences. U pachitarek
na am u tono nu kapavata siya.
Mangay ka du takey. [Mangay ka du takey?]
Mangunas sa anchi an makuyab. [Mangunas sa anchi an makuyab?]
Maytrabahu kamu andelak. [Maytrabahu kamu andelak?]
Manguyas ka su panay. [Manguyas ka su panay?]
b. U command sentences am mairbi su verbs a maykavusan su suffixes
AN, HEN, EN kan IN
Adisan mu u lata aya.
Apnuhen mu nu ranum u angang aya.
Pangayin niyu u savusavung du lamisa.
Liren mu u pinatulas du pisara.

II.

U NGARANGARAN SIRA (Nouns)

1. Sirbien u SI manma kanu ngaran nu maviay a tawu. SIMNA an ngaran nu
nadiman.
Si Juan
Si Maring
Simna Berto
Simna Apu niyu
2. U itawag dira du lipus anmana rarayay du vahay a katadkan u ngaran
da am proper nouns. Anu aru u vidang da am common noun. Sirbien u SA
anu maviay pa as SAMNA anu nadiman dana manma kanu ngaran aya.
Proper Nouns

Common Nouns

si Ama mu
si Kaka mu
si Wari mu
simna Maran mu

sa kamnan niyu
sa wari niyu
samna katayug da
samna apu niyu

3. Sirbien u preposition DI du ngaran nu matai a lugar. DU anu common

nouns.
di Chavayan
di San Carlos
di Itbud
di Naydi

du takey
du katuvang
du rarahan
du tukun

4. Sirbien u article U du ngaran nu faluwa kanu opisina (referring to the

building). Sirbien pa iya du ngaran nu historical events or seasons.
u Kapitulyu
u Santo Nio
u Independence Day
u Simana Santa
u Biyernes Santu
5. U common nouns am katavuan a itawag du tawu, lugar, warawara,
napaparin, kanu tiempo. Miniskula u pasitnanan su ngarangaran sira aya
as sirbien u article U.
u vuhawan
u ina ni
u kakteh
u vahay
u tukun

Tuviran:

U
NU

= articles the; a; an
= preposition of

Tuviran:

Na
Da

- for singular nouns

- for Plural nouns

5.1.
5.1.1

U unutan an aru u vidavidang nu asa ka ngaran.

Paypiruahen u dadua ka manumma silaba (CVCV) as unutan ya nu

SA.
u vuhavuhawan sa
u tukutukun sa
u papipapil sa
u kanekanen sa

5.1.2

Anu chirin as maykavusan su vowel, paypiruahen u chirin aya as

pangayan su hyphen.
u ina-ina sa
u ama-ama sa
as katadkan nu chirin a akma su baka. Sirbien u pamidang a aru
u aru sira baka

U Ngarangaran Sa
Tawu
Warawara
hakay
kubang
apu
alat
katayug
tangkal
mutdeh
vakul
malkem
Talugung

Panmavakes
kamnan
mavinayi
ina
apu vakes
kurang
piyan

Viay
bagu
pagad
kaddin
Chitu
lagaitan

Panmahakay
maran
maluku
ama
apu hakay
kuyis
hayran

Lugar
takey
Sabtang
kanayan
Ijang
pungsu

Maparin Du
Mavakes Kan du
Mahakay
kakteh
viay
iapuan
apuapu
bagu
arayu

U mapaparin
pista
paychakuvutan
paymuhan
mayain
parahmetan

Neuter
Jip
tataya
kayukayu
hakawan
computer
papil

Paytavuan a ngaran (common nouns)

kavahayan
umaumayam
amung
tukun
kayu
rakarakanen

Matai a ngaran (proper nouns)

Mahatao
kudibabang
dibang
Iraya
arius
tamiduk

inumen
laji
isturya
takey
asi nu kayu

palek
Nunuk du Tukun
Si Jose Baut
Nakamaya
hantak

III.

PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

1. U personal pronouns as maychatai u kasirbi siya anmana pasitnanan su asa ka

vuku a chirin am u umunut sira aya:
YAKEN ............................................... I
IMU ....................................................You (singular)
IYA .................................................He/She/It
YATEN ............................................We (inclusive)
INYU ................................................You (plural)
SIRA ................................................They
2. U personal pronouns sira du nominative case as manawdi kanu verb du asa ka
vuku a chirin an u umunut sira aya:
AKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
KA . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .You ( sing.)
NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He/ She/ It
TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . We ( incl.)
KAMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . We ( excl.)
KAMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You ( pl.)
SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . They
3. U personal pronouns sira du objective case am u umunut sira aya:
DIYAKEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Me
DIMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .You ( sing.)
DIYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Him/Her/It
DIYATEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Us ( incl.)
DIYAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Us (excl.)
DINIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You (pl.)
DIRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Them

4. U prenominal possessive adjectives am u umunut sira aya:

KU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .My
MU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Your
NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .His/Her/Its
TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Our (incl.)
NAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Our (excl.)
NIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Your (pl.)
DA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Their

5. U pronouns sira du possessive case am u umunut sira aya:

DIYAKEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mine
DIMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yours
DIRANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . His/Hers
DIYATEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ours ( incl.)
DIYAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ours (excl.)
DI[RA] NIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yours
DIRA DA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theirs
6. U demonstrative pronouns/adjectives sira:
NIYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This
NAWRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .That (near listener)
U NGUYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . That (far from both)
NIYA S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .These
NAWRI S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Those (near listener)
U NGUYA S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Those (far from both)
7. U interrogative pronouns sira:
SINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Who ( sing.)
SANGUANGU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . Who (pl.)
ANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What ( sing.)
ANGUANGU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . What ( pl.)
U ASIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which (sing.)
U ASIYU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which (pl.)
DU DINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where (sing.)
DU DINU DINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where ( pl.)
KA ANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When ( sing. )
KA ANGUANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When ( pl. )
ANGU PAKAYAPUAN NA . . . . . . . Why?
MAKAYAMUT DU ANGU . . . . . . . . Why? Because of what?
UN TA ANGU U PINAKAYAPUAN NA. . .Why (with a sense of wonder)
Tuviran: Sirbien du kapaytulas u letra ddu pronouns sira. [abneken da nu Isamurung a /j/]

IV.

U VERBS KANU TENSES DA:

Niya sira u affixes a parapahen du rootword: AN ,EN (pronounced n ), I, IPA ,

IPAN, MA, MACHI, MAKA, MAN/MANG, MANG/MAN, MAPA, MAY, MAYA, MAYCHA,
PA+EN, PA+HEN, PAYCHA kan UM.

pangayan
ahapen
sadiwen
idakaw
ipuha
ipaniplut
machinanau
machisakay
machibaka
machihuahuk
machilimus
manyapas
mangunas
makatayatu
makavuya
mapasuli
mapavuya
mayayu
mayvuyas
maywakay mayvahay

mayvavanga (to make clay pots)

mayvanga (to have a pot)
maychahuhu
maychahedheran
paunuten
pakantahen
patrabahuhen
paychasusuhan
paychasarisarian
paychabutbutbuten
paychaupiten
[u] mayam
umvuhung
umyavut
kumayat
tumayara
tumans
maypasibu
maypaudi

U silaba na, nay, kanu infix a um u parapahen du root word a vaheyan niya u
nakaparin na rana (past tense).
U pa anchi am parapahen du root word a vaheyan niya u kaparin pa anchi siya
(future tense).
Verb
(rootword)
kuman
tada
yayu
angay
sakay
vuyas

Naparin dana (Past)

kuminan/nikuman
tumnada
nayayu
nangay
nachisakay/sumnakay
nayvuyas

U taytu a
Pariin(present)
kuman
tumada
mayayu
mangay
sumakay
mayvuyas

Pariin pa anchi (future)

kuman pa anchi
tumada pa anchi
mayayu pa anchi
mangay pa anchi
machisakay anchi
mayvuyas pa anchi

U kasirbi su infix a um, parapan su letra n u sitnanan nu silaba anmana umunut du

infix aya.
surud - sumnurud

kayat kumnayat

sakay - sumnakay

Tenses
1. Simple present tense, indicative mood
Mangay aku du kaiskuylan.
Mangay ka du kaiskuylan.
Mangay [siya] du kaiskuylan.
Inclusive:
Mangay ta du kaiskuylan.
Exclusive:
Mangay kami du kaiskuylan.
2. Simple past tense, indicative mood.
Nachinanawu aku kakuyab.
Nachinanawu ka kamahep.
Nachinanawu [siya] a may-piano.
Inclusive:
Nachinanawu ta du Matimatiks.
Exclusive:
Nachinanawu kami du Matimatiks.
3.

V.

Simple Future, Indicative mood.

Mangavang aku anchi andelak.
Mangavang anchi [ siya ] du manam aya vuhan.
Inclusive:
Mangavang ta an nawan.
Exclusive:
Mangavang kami an nawan.

U ADJECTIVES SIRA:
1. Paypiruahen u vowel nu manawdi a silaba (CV/CVC)an niya u kavuyan
(judgment) mu su asa ka tawu anmana warawara.
Masulib(adj.) - masuliib
Mavid (adj.) -maviid
Rakuh (adj.) -rakuuh
2.

An dadua u paykumparahen, paypiruahen u manumma dadua ka

silaba (CVCV) nu pinakayapuan nu chirin awri (rootword).
rakuh - rakurakuh
dekey - dekedekey
mavid - maviavid

2.1 An tatdu u silaba nu chirin, paypiruahen u ichadadua kanu ichatatdu nu

silaba. (CVCV)
Marudit
- marudirudit
mawadi
- mawadiwadi
makalu
- makalukalu
a katadkan nu umunut sira aya:
malistu
matuhus
masdep

- malialistu
- matuatuhus
- masdesdep

3. An tatdu anmana mayparu pa u paykukumparahen, paypiruahen u

consonant nu ichadadua a silaba (CVC).
rakuh
- rakkuh
dekey
- dekkey
mavid
- mavvid
3.1

An u chirin as miyan u mayunut a consonants (VCCV); an

pavatahen anmana liren sira aya am miyan du manumma nu
mayunut sira awri a consonants u stress na.
mayid
marahmet
malistu
masdep

3.2

- mayid
- marahmet
- malistu
- masdep

An tatdu u silaba nu chirin, paypiruahen u manumma consonant

nu manawdi a silaba (CV/CVC)as u stress am miyan du
ichadadua nu silaba.
marahem
- marahhem
maganay
- magannay
mawadi
- mawaddi
makalu
- makallu

Degrees of Adjectives:
Positive
rakuh
mavid
maganay
mavaheng
matava

Comparative
rakurakuh
maviavid
maganaganay
mavahevaheng
matavatava

Superlative
rakkuh
mavvid
magannay
mavahheng
matavva

4. U ADVERBS SIRA:
URAS/TIEMPO (Time)
kakuyab ( yesterday )
kamahep ( last night )
sicharaw ( today )
andelak ( tomorrow )
du ka mavukhas ( in the morning )
sichamavukhas ( this morning )
sichamaraw ( this noon )
du kamaraw ( at noon , in the day time )
kamaraw ( the noontime [ that has just passed ] )
sichamakuyab ( this afternoon )
du ka makuyab ( in the afternoon )
du ka malatyat ( at dawn )
du duminggu aya ( this week )
du manam aya duminggu ( this coming week )
du nakarahan aya duminggu ( last week )
du vuhan aya ( this month )

du manam aya vuhan ( next month )

du nakarahan aya vuhan ( last month )
du awan aya ( this year )
kaminsawan; du nakarahan ay awn ( last year )
annawan; du manm aya awan (next year )
du manam; du manam a araw ( in the future )
du nakarahan ( in the past )
LUGAR (Place)
du manghuvuk ( in the middle; in the center )
du mangpayis ( at the edge; at the border )
du mangwanan (at/on the right )
du manghuli (at / on the left )
manumma ( first; at the head of )
manawdi manawji (last )
manayahbu (below )
manbahayan ( on the part closer to the upper end of a farm lot )
mansitnan ( on the pat closer to the lower end of a farm lot )
manlusuk ( at the bottom of )
KAPARIN (Manner)
Sirbien u particle SU an u verb as manma kanu adverb; particle A an
manawdi u verb.
Mayam su makawadii. ( He/ She walks slowly. )
Makawadii a mayam (He/ She walks slowly)
makawadii ( slowly )
makalistuu ( fast )
makaluu ( soon; quick )
mahaay ( late )
malyaak ( loudly )
madumii ( in a low voice, silently, softly )
naieng ( immediately )
Condition
Kasadken (in the midst of, at the height of )
Katanuyyen na (the calmest state of [said of sea condition ])
Karahetten na (in the worst condition of)
Kapyahhen na (the best condition in which to)
Makanahhu su ka (at the right time/condition for)
Degree
Uyud a (very, truly, genuinely)
Akma su (somewhat, a bit)
Mahara a (gravely, seriously, [usually said of illness])
Maymetmet (very gravely [ ill ] , very many)
Tud a (just [do something without ceremony or complicated action])
Maychakuhtten (at its hottest)
Maychaytten (at its strongest)

APPENDIX A

U umunut aya am niya u pintulas ni Dr. Florentino H. Hornedo a pinananuran du

pinayvatan a Rules of Grammar a niya su sirbien du kapannanawu du kaiskuylan.
Pinayvatan pa ava tapyan di a maytadi u inmunmuan kanu chirin sira a nisirbi na.

RULES ON GRAMMAR
I.

The Sentence

The normal structure of Ivatan sentences is PREDICATE followed by SUBJECT. (They are
unlike English and Spanish sentence which have SUBJECT + PREDICATE structure).
1. Mangay aku du takey.
Go I to the field.
2. Mapawal kami di Chaytapan.
Pasture {cattle} we in Chaytapan.
3. Mayvasavasa ta su ayub.
Wash we blanket.
4. Mayayit sa du kamaysan.
Remove weeds they in the corn fields.
5. Magarado si Pilo su unasen.
Plows Pilo a field for sugarcane.
6. Makedked u pagad. du vutalaw.
Is tethered the carabao to the palomaria tree.
Note: a.The preposition DU [to the] is used before common nouns.
b.The preposition DI is used before proper nouns.
Ivatan translative verbs distinguish between those that produce change in their object (as
in kuman, mangharip) and those that do not (as in aiven, ichaddaw, kakuvuten) thus:
1. Kuman sa su wakay.
Eat they camote.
2. Manghap ka su rakanen.
Cut/Slice you vegetable.
3. Aniven mu U iapwan mu.
Give respect you to parent your.
4. Ichaddaw da U lipus da.
Love they to relative their.
5. Kakuvuten na u manganak ni Paulina.
Marries he/she to son/daughter of Paulina.
Interrogative sentences are made with the use of ARA, PARU, or ARA PARU.

ARA translates as Is/Are there.?; and ARA PARU is Would there be ? PARU
translates as Would? Thus;
1. Mangay aku PARU du takey?
Go I would to the field/farm?
2. Mapawal kami PARU di Chaytapan?
Pasture we would/should in Chaytapan.
3. Mayvasavasa ta PARU du ayub?
Wash we would blanket/s?
ARA ta PARU mayvasavasa du ayub?
Are we supposed /expected to wash /launder blanket?
4. ARA PARU sa a mayayit du kamaysan?
Are supposed they to remove weeds in the cornfield?
Are they removing weeds in the cornfield?
Are they weeding the cornfield?
5. ARA magarado si Pilo du unasen?
Is plowing Pilo a field for sugar cane?
ARA PARU magarado si Pilo su unasen?
Would plow Pilo a field for sugarcane?
6. ARA a makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
Is tethered the carabao to the palomaria tree?
ARA PARU a makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
Is tethered the carabao the palomaria tree?
Another usual way of asking questions in Ivatan is to the use MIYAN (there is/are). This also
appears as MIYAN PARU, but it is common to drop PARU.

1. MIYAN sa kakuyab du vahay da?

Were they yesterday in house their?
2. MIYAN pa PARU sa du kawara da ina da?
Were still [there] they when arrived the mother (and company) their?
The answers to the first questions are:
1. Un, miyan sa (Umba, abu sa.)
Yes, were there they. ( No.were there not they.)
2. Un, miyan pa sa. (Umba,abu dana sa.)
Yes, were they still they. (No,were not there [anymore] they.
Other usual ways of asking questions are by the use of MAKEYPARU?
1. MAKEY kamu nu amung?
Do like you fish?
MAKEY kamu PARU nu amung?
Do like you fish?

and the use of verbs which starts with the prefix MAKA(to be able) as in:
2. MAKAyi ka si chamakuyab?
Can come you this afternoon?
3. MAKAkayat si Rudy su iuy?
Can climb Rudy coconut tree?
4. MAKAparin sa su kavadag?
Can make they a kite?
Many imperative sentences in Ivatan are like interrogative statements.
1. Mangay ka du takey.
Go you to the field/farm.
2. Mangunas sa anchi an makuyab.
Will cut sugarcane they this afternoon.
Their imperative mood is indicated by the tone of voice.
Another way of indicating a command is to use verbs ending in the suffixes AN, EN, and IN as
in ADISAN, APNUHEN, and PANGAYIN.
1. AdisAN mu sa u lata aya.
Put (water) you into these cans.
2. ApnuhEN mu nu ranum u angang aya.
Fill you with water this (big) jar.
3. PangayIN niyu sa u pawpaw du karakayan dira.
Place you (pl.) the salted fish where (the sun) can shine on them.

II.

Nouns; Ngaran

The closest Ivatan word for the English word noun is ngaran (name). Nouns are (1) proper,
or (2) common.
Proper nouns are names of specific (a) persons, (b) places,(c)things, or (d) events. In writing,
they are marked by writing their initial letter in capital. Names of living persons are preceded
by SI, and if dead, they are preceded by SIMNA.
1. si Juan
2. si Maring
3. simna Berto
4. simna Apu niyu
Names of relationships when referring to particular persons are also proper nouns, such as:
5. si Ama ta
6. si Kaka mu
7. simna Maran da
But names of relationships when in plural form are common nouns. They are preceded by the
plural SA (if living), and SAMNA (if dead):
8. sa kamnan niyu
9. sa wari ta
10.samna katayug da

Names of particular places in the nominative use are preceded by DI:

1. di Chavayan
2. di San Carlos
3. di Itbud
4. di Naydi
Names of particular things such as a building or boat are preceded by U:
1. u Kapitulyu
2. u Santo Nio (name of a boat)
Names of historical events or season are preceded by U also in:
1. u Independence day
2. u Simana Santa
3. u Birnis Santu
Common nouns are generic names of persons, places, things, events, seasons and natural
phenomena. In writing, there is no need to capitalize their initial letters .They are preceded by the
particular U.
1. u vuhawan ( gold)
2. u gadang ( finger ring)
3. u ina ( the mother)
4. u kakteh (sibling)
5. u vahay (the house)
6. u kachichimuyen (rainy season)
7. u angalirang (rainbow)
8. u sehdang (light)
9. u tukun (hill , mountain)
10. u nadubuk (the one that was capsized)
To indicate the plural, the first two syllables are reduplicated and the particle SA follows
but not connected with it:
1. u vuhavuhawan sa ( the pieces of gold)
2. u ina-ina sa ( the mothers)
3. u tukutukun sa ( the hills/mountains)

III. VERBS
Ivatan verbs are indicated by a large number of affixes which appear alone or in combination,
such as: AN ,EN (pronounced n ), I, IPA , IPAN, MA, MACHI, MAKA, MAN/MANG,
MANG/MAN, MAPA, MAY, MAYA, MAYCHA, PA+EN, PA+HEN, PAYCHA and UM.
1. AN ( Suffix)
aptusan ( to massage)
iplutan ( to whip)
aphutan (to spread liquid over the surface of something)

pangayan (to place/ put something on/in something else)

punasan (to wipe a surface )
tapangan (to add more length )
2. EN ( suffix)
ahapan (to get/take/bring along something)
aniven ( to respect/venerate/worship something or someone)
inumen (to drink something
kanen (to eat something)
kayaten ( to climb something)
palangen ( to pull / tug at something)
pangayen (to put/place something on/into something else)
sadiwen (to buy something)
uluten (to pull out thread /string/wire out from something)
3. I ( prefix )
iangy ( to be brought )
idakw( to sell; to be sold)
idiwt ( to swing back something in preparation for striking)
ipuh ( to throw away )
isavt ( to bring home someone/something)
isul ( to be offended/annoyed by something / someone)
isuv ( to put into one`s mouth)
itunng ( to consent to or admit something ; to allow)
idakwt ( to throw away sideways or backwards)
4. IPAN (prefix)
This prefix indicates that something is used as instrument in the performance of the act
indicated by the root word.
ipaniplt [ ipansiplut ] ( to whip with )
ipanidng [ ipansidung] ( to help with)
ipandb [ ipanasdeb] ( to light with )
ipanuh [ ipansuhu] ( to illuminate with)
ipanutung [ ipanrutung] to cook with
ipamas [ ipanpasu ] ( to roast something with)
ipangaht [ ipankahut ] ( to bind something with )
ipanguys [ ipanuyas ] ( to wash something with)
ipanghp [ipan+ahap] ( to get something with)
ipangad [ ipankadi ] ( to dig with)
ipangapts [ipan+aptus] ( to massage with)
ipamahph [ ipanpahpah] (to bludgeon/beat up with)
ipamarn [ ipan + parin] ( to make with;to make something for)
5. MACHI (prefix)
machivn [ machi+ivan] ( to go with)
machinana (to study ;to train oneself in something)

machisaky ( to ride with someone)

machikabayu ( to ride on the back of )
machitah ( to imitate;to mimic someone)
machias ( to be united/one with)
machichas ( to included along with)
machidubng ( to be the pair of; to pair with)
machituvng ( to be/stand opposite something)
machituhng (to be neighbor of; to be the pair in a set ;to be covered along with)

The prefix MACHI also indicates to search out for the purpose of buying or acquiring.
machiuchy ( to look for eggs to buy)
machibak ( to look for cattle to buy)
machibabag ( to look for hogs to buy)
machimamank ( to look for chicken to buy)
machilims ( to beg for alms)
6. MAN/MANG ( prefix)
This prefix indicates to search and catch or get/gather what is indicated by the rootword.
manats [man + tatus ](to catch coconut crabs)
manyaps ( to cut camote tops for planting)
manirang (to catch turtles)
manas [ man+sasa] ( to cut and gather reeds)
manipuh [ man+chipuhu] ( to gather breadfruit [artucarpus rimas])
manaaw [man+naaw] (to gather edible marine creatures on the tidal shelves at low tide )
manikdi [manchikdi] ( to catch the fish called chikdi)
The prefix MAN becomes MANG when the noun root that follows begins with k or
vowels.
mangunas [man+unas] ( to cut sugarcane)
mangamung [ man+among] ( to catch fish)
manguyta [mam+kuyta] ( to catch octopus)
mangutchuy [ man + uchuy] ( to steal eggs)
manguyab [ man + kuyab ] ( to catch the hawk[kuyab])
The prefix MAN+noun with reduplicated first syllable also indicates to search and catch,
get/gather what is indicated by the noun.
manpapayi ( to catch lobster)
manyayayng ( to catch the yayang)
manyuyuyun ( to catch the yuyunu)
manyayayd ( to gathered wild lettuce called yayud)
But the prefix MAN+nouns which indicate privately owned objects may indicate theft or
illegal acquisition.
manmamank ( to steal chicken)
mankakass ( to steal dried salted beef)
manvivinachi ( to steal firewood )

manpapawpaw ( to steal salted dried fish)

manniniy ( to steal coconuts)
mankakaddin [ also mangaddin]( to steal goats)
manchichinips ( to steal sugarcane seedlings)
An exception is manmamavaw which merely means to take a snack
7. MANG/MAN (prefix)
The prefix MANG or its variant MAN are much like the preceding one except that this one is
followed by action words which the agent performs.
manghap [ mang+ ahap] ( to get)
mangayt (mang-kayat) (to climb for something)
manguys (to wash plates,pans,and the like)
mangapys [ mang+kapyas] ( to search out with the hands or finger)
mangavng (to take a boat and sail to luzon, to leave home for luzon)
mangaphut (to spread out liquid on a surface)
manguyawys (to wash ones leg and feet)
mangulng (to strike with the horns; to gore)
mangurs (to make the sign of the cross over oneself)
mangapts (to massage)
manghurs (to chew)
mangult (to pull out thread ,string, rope and the like such as vines)
manguts [man+kutas] ( to cut banana leaves)
mangudt [mankudit] (to remove the peel or skin of something)
The prefix MANG+pathological condition or psychological state indicates that the agent
causes the condition or state.
manghang ( to cause sea sickness)
mangahuhd (to cause dizziness)
mangayuran ( to cause mild dizziness)
manghanin/manghaii (to cause the nerve to tingle in discomfort due to screeching
sounds or very sour taste)
mangamum (to cause fright or fear)
manghupg ( to cause tiredness or fatigue)
The prefix MAN,a variant of MANG,+action words beginning with the letters Ch , N,R,S
and T forms verbs in which the initial letter of the action word is dropped.
manys [man+ryus] 9 to bathe ; to baptized)
manidb [man+chideb] (to look or to stare)
manareng [man+nareng] (to learn ones back against something)
manat [man+rait ( to sew)
manutng (man+rutung ( to cook)
mandarin [man+sarin] (to kick)
manadsd [man+sadsad] ( to push with the feet
manuvy [man+tuvuy] t(o send someone)
manurh [man+turuh] (to give/to donate )

8. MAKA ( prefix)
The prefix MAKA indicates that the happening or condition indicated by the root word
happens to, or is attain by the agent.
makamy [maka+kamya] (to be satisfied)
makasdh [maka+asduh] ( to reach the top or upper limit)
makalsd [maka+alsad] (to slip)
makatayat [to reach the top of)
makatayar (to be able to climb up an incline)
makateptep (to fall on one`s haunches)
makahut (to finish one`s cooking)
makapy (to be good)
makayt [maka+ayit] ( to be strong)
makarakh (to get a big amount ; to grow big/large)
makarrakkuh ( to get the biggest share/piece)
makatan (to have[something]all to oneself)
makasagl ( to be lucky in fishing)
makavuy (to be able to see;to find)
makamng [maka+among] (to catch a lot of fish)
makas [maka+]asa,etc,](to catch /get one etc.)
9. MAPA (prefix)
The prefix MAPA indicates that the agent performs or accomplishes the action or condition
indicated by the rootword.
mapakar ( to remove )
mapasiyy ( to separate;to detatch )
mapasul ( to annoy;to make angry)
mapasdp ( to bring in; to make someone/something enter)
mapatungtng (to complete:to fulfill)
mapasuyusuyt (to behave in a manner that tends to attract attention and doting affection,
usually said of children)
mapasajt (to hang [something])
mapasyasi ( to attract sympathy,compassion,pity)
mapasuksk ( to thrust something into a hole)
mapahbt ( to send out; to put outside ;to bring out)
mapauyd (to be serious; to do one`s level best)
mapakavs ( to finish, to complete)
mapakapy ( to repair )
mapavuy ( to show; to demonstrate)
10. MAY ( prefix)
The prefix MAY indicates that the agent performs the action indicated by the action word
that follows it.
mayay [may (y) ayu]to run)
mayvuys ( to sweep)
maychipchp ( to cut grass ,shrubs,and the like)

mayayit [may (ayit] ( to weed)

maychad ( to dig; to excavate)
maysusuh (to burn [something] )
maysapd ( to uproot trees or tree stubs by digging it,as is done ivatan farming.)
maychamkm ( to clear the underbrush in preparation for cultivation)
maydalamsm ( to clear up dried leaves and weeds from a farm lot in preparation for
planting)
maywakwk ( to winnow ground or pounded cereal such as corn or rice; to remove the
roots of grasses and weeds from loosened farm soil by soil by hand)
maychischs ( to scrape off the skin of the camote tuber ; to scrape off the thin outermost
layer of a surface )
mayrudirudt ( to dirty a place)
mayvulavuly ( to spread the sleeping mat)
mayvuvuly ( to go over the pages of a book leisurely)
maylangky (to spread household things such clothes in the sun for airing or drying)
maylayly ( to put on clothes; to hang laundry to dry)
maylutg (to hang one`s head down)
The prefix MAY +name of a plant indicates the action of planting the specified plant
maywaky (to plant camote)
mayuns (to plant sugarcane)
maymas (to plant corn)
maypary (to plant rice)
mayrat (to plant millet)
maydkay (to plant prickly yam)
mayaks (to plant garlic [akus is from Spanish ajo garlic])
maymuh (to plant)
The prefix MAY+ name of the body part or physiological function /phenomenon
indicates pathological or abnormal condition. The physiological phenomenon may appear with
reduplicated first syllable, otherwise it ends with the suffix AN if the root word is a body part.
maytatach ( to suffer from dysentery; to have diarrhea)
maylagawn ( to have a neck ache)
maydichurn ( to have a back ache)
maypuawn ( to have lung disease)
mayapindisits ( to have the appendicitis)
maymumuhd (to have running nose; to clear one`s nose of mucous)
mayangahay ( to salivate)
maymatn ( to have sore eyes)
The prefix MAY + name of equipment, furniture, structure, facility and the like indicates
making/ building the thing named.
mayvahy (to build a house)
maychim ( to make lime in a kiln)
mayaty ( to build a wall of mere riprap,no mortar)
maygadagad (to build a mortar wall)
mayanb ( to make shutters)
mayatp ( to construct a roof )
mayvuvng ( to construct the roof ridge)

In some instances MAY followed by names of domestic equipment such as vangapot,lamisa-table, and tankal-sled, indicates meanings other than construction of so that an
idiomatic marker indicates the difference by reduplication of the first syllable of the root word.
mayvavang ( to make clay pots)
maylalamis ( to make a table or tables)
maytatanggkl (to make sleds)
If the root word in the above verbs is not reduplicated in the first syllable, this is what
results:
mayvang ( to have a pot)
maylamis (to set the table ; to have a table)
maytangkl (to use a sled)
11. MAYA ( prefix)
The prefix MAYA + name of an object with the distinctive smell/flavor indicates that the
thing referred to smells like the indicated objects.
mayangt [maya (a)ngut]( something smell)
mayakelnw ( to smell like fish)
mayahanangn ( to smell like camote tuber over soaked in water )
mayavungtt ( to smell like spoiled food )
mayavuvuyk ( to be malodorous)
mayararak (to smell like rotting animal flesh )
mayasesdp [maya+asdep](to smell sweet)
mayasisilm ( to smell like vinegar )
mayatangli ( to smell like a male goat)
mayasaid ( to smell like the saidu tree a fragrant smelling tree)
mayagigis (to smell like the aroma of sauting garlic)
mayatemtm ( to smell like something burned)
mayapepsng [ maya+apseng ] ( to smell like burned food )
mayapapalk [maya+palek] ( to smell like alcoholic beverage especially the one brewed
from sugarcane juice)
mayagajn ( to smell like overripe fruit)
mayahumyng ( to smell like burned or overheated oil or animal lard or fat
mayakapy ( to smell like ripe pineapple)

12. MAYCHA (prefix)

The prefix MAYCHA + action word, or condition indicates agent`s or subject`s mode of
action, or state of being.
maychatan ( to be alone)
maychalawky (to bend foreward)
maychababak ( to walk on all four [like cattle] )
maychnunukh ( to move foreward while on one`s haunches with torso and head bent
forward)

maychawpt [maycha+upit] (to be scattered)

maychanalasl ( to fall in large number)
maychahtaht ( to rot in large number)
maychamalmaltg ( to pop or explode in large numbers)
maychagchigchn ( to come down as a group or in a large number)
maychagtugts ( to fall together and in large number)
maychasayasayp ( to fly away as a group or in a large number)
maychataitais ( to cry together and in large number)
The prefix MAYCHA + root word indicating physical, physiological, or psychological
condition indicates that the subject is suffering/experiencing the indicated phenomenon.
maychaavt ( to feel afraid and have goose flesh)
maychahehhn ( to feel chilly ; but not chilling)
maychalalalayn ( to tremble , especially if it is over)
maychahuh (to shed tears )
maychadaiwt ( to have one`s mouth drawn to one side of the face)
maychahedhern ( to be in agony )
13. PA (prefix)+ EN (suffix)
The prefix PA + root word+suffix EN indicates what is done by an agent to the object of
agent`s action.
paiplutn (to whip something against [ another] )
pasukeln [pa+sukel+en]( to put something away [ in a corner)
paunutn ( to lead ; to convert [ to another way of thinking or believing])
patuhusn ( to put something up into the air or high place)
pavulawn ( to set someone or something free )
pakuyaptn [pa+kuyapet+en] ( to cause something to cling or clamber onto something)
patanungn (to connect something by tying it onto another ,said usually of strings,cords
or ropes)
pakedkern/pakedkeden (to tether animals; to anchor as of boats;to fasten an object to
another)
pauyugn ( to cause something to flow)
pakann ( to feed someone or something)
pasuliyn ( to make someone angry;to annoy someone)
pakuvutn ( to enslave)
pakasisyn ( to oppress; to percecute)
14. PA (prefix) + HEN ( suffix)
This combination is nearly identical with PA+EN shown above, except for the fact that
the suffix EN follows rootword ending in consonant, whereas HEN follows vowels.
Pahbuhn [ pa +ahbu+hen](to bring down to a lower level.
Pavatahn (to state ;or articulate)
Paspuhn [pa+aspu+hen] ( to put over to th other side)
Pakantahn (to express something in song; to make someone sing0
Patrabahuhn (to make something/someone work)
Pakamyahn (to satisfy [someone])

15. PAYCHA (prefix) + AN ( suffix)

The prefix PAYCHA + action word + suffix AN indicates that the action indicated is
done to plurality of objects.
paychasisiplutn (to whip a number of objects)
paychasusuhn (to set fire on a number of objects more or les simultaneously)
paychasarisarin ( to kick a number of objects more or simultaneously)
paychalasalasagn ( to step on a number of objects more or less simultaneously)
Note that in the foregoing verb form, the action of root word has reduplicated first or first
two syllables which appear to be plural markers.
16. PAYCHA (prefix) + EN ( suffix )
This pair of verb affixes have very subtle difference from the PAYCHA-AN pair
immediately preceding, On closer scrutiny, it will be noticed that AN verbs indicate
action directed at mere parts of the objects. But in the EN verbs, the action affects each
and every one of them as wholes. However, it must be admitted that there is some gray
area in this attempt at distinguishing between them.
paychaktektevn ( to cut a plurality of things into pieces )
paychamulamulasiten (to cause to scatter in a plurality of pieces of numbers )
paychavahuvahurn ( to tie up everyone of a group )
paychabutbutbutn ( to pull off the ground all of a set of plants and the like )
paychaupitn ( to scatter all of a set of objects)
paychayakyakdn ( to fasten everyone of a set of objects)
17. UM ( prefix )
The prefix UM [which often appears in modern Ivatan without the U] + an action root
word indicates reflexive action on the part of the agent.
[u] maym ( to walk)
[u] musk ( to go down as on an incline or slope)
[u] may ( to come)
[u] mangay ( to go)
umuss (to make fire by friction)
umass ( to start arriving [ said of a typhoon] )
umuyg ( to flow)
umridarid ( to burst out of tongues of flame )
umhayahayp (to flare out in long upward flames )
umumn ( to hide inside the soil; to hibernate in a nest of clay in the earth by crabs)
ums [um+asi] (to bear fruit)
umvuhng ( to grow leaves )
umlk ( to grow shoots )
umyamt (to grow roots)
umdis ( to sprout new twigs or branches)
umyavt ( to pull up and gather cogon )

18. UM ( infix)
The infix UM has the same sense as the prefix UM, and the simplest explanation is that
the difference is idiomatic, and euphony.
kumn ( to eat )
kumayt ( to climb)
gumtn ( to come down )
tumayar ( to go uphill ; to go up and incline )
tumuhs ( to go upwards ; to grow new shoots )
tumans ( to cry )
tumul ( to fall or shed as of tears)
sumang ( to branch out; to pay attention)
sumajt (to get caught as if caught by the hook.
sumuksk ( to thrust and get caught into )
sumadsd ( to get thrust as by a backward motion)
dumph [ um+ adpeh ] (to stick onto something)
tumudh [um + dudah ] ( to reach)
sumurd (to comb one`s hair)
19. MAYPA ( prefix)
This prefix indicates directional action specified by the root word.
maypasib ( to be on the way towards the field; to be on the way to work.)
maypaud (to on the way from the farm or work)
maypat ( to be on the way up )
maypahb ( to be on the way down )
maypasungt (the way on the towards the distant island)
maypkanayn ( to be on the way toward the seashore or beach)
maypakwn( to be on a given direction )
maypvand ( to be on the way towards the village )
maypanm ( to move forward either in space or in time)
maypays ( to move backwards )
maypahuli/maypakahul ( to turn to the left)
maypawann/maypakawann (to turn towards the right hand side)
maypaswt ( to be positioned as to produce a contrary force.
maypachinunng (to be or run parallel to)
maypasui ( to move out feet first)
maypabatbt ( to be positioned in such a way as to lie across)
20. MA ( prefix)
The prefix ma + root word that indicates a condition or state of being indicates the
condition and / or state of being of the subject.
mapy ( to be well ; to be good)
masuyt ( to be happy )
mapsng [ ma + apseng ] ( to be burned [ said of food being cooked);to be victim of
drought[said of food being cooked); to be victim of drought [said plants ])
makuly ( to dehydrate ;to be dry )

mabkh [ma+abkuh] (to be dry [ said of textile,furniture,etc.meats, fruits,and other things

which are not originally dry are referred to as makulay when dehydrated])
mabcht [ma+abchit]( to be irritated or burned by hot or pungent substance )
mavas ( to be we t; to get wet)
mahut ( to be cooked ;to dry up[said of dead plants,trees,etc])

IV. VERBS AND TENSES

4. Simple present tense, indicative mood
a. I go to school.
i. Mangay aku du iskuyla.
b. You go to school.
i. Mangay ka du iskuyla.
c. He/She goes to school.
i. Mangay [siya] du iskuyla
d. We go to school.
i. Inclusive: Mangay aku du iskuyla.
ii. Exclusive: Mangay kami du iskuyla.
e. You go to school.
i. Mangay ka du iskuyla.
f. They go to school.
i. Mangay ta du iskuyla.
5. Simple past tense, indicative mood.
a. I studied yesterday.
i. Nachinanau aku kakuyab.
b. You studied last night.
i. Nachinanau ka kamahep.
c. He / She studied piano.
i. Nachinanau [ siya] a maypyanu.
d. We studied Mathematics.
i. Inclusive: Nachinanau ta du Matimatiks.
ii. Exclusive: Nachinanau kami du Matimatiks.
e. You studied Algebra. ( pl.)
i. Nachinanau kamu du Algebra.
6. Simple Future, Indicative mood.
a. I will go to Manila tomorrow.
i. Mangavang aku anchi andilak.
b. We go to Manila this coming Sunday.
i. Mangavang ka anchi.
c. He She will go to Manila next month.
i. Mangavang anchi [ siya ] du manam aya vuhan.
d. We will go to Mania next year.
i. Inclusive: mangavang ta an nauan.
ii. Exclusive : Mangavang kami an nauan.
e. You will go to Manila in December.
i. Mangavang kami anchi an Disimri.
f. They will go to Manila when Lilia arrives.
i. Mangavang sa anchi an mawara si Lilia

7. Present Progressive Tense

a. I am going to the farm.
i. Taytu aku a mangay du takey.
b. You are going to Basco.
i. Taytu ka mangay du di Vasay.
c. He / She is going to visit his/her/its brother.
i. Taytu a mangay a mayuhaw dira du kakteh na.
d. We are going to the university.
i. Inclusive: Taytu ta mangay du universidad.
ii. Exclusive: Taytu kami a mangay du Universidad.
e. You are going to confer with the president.
i. Taytu kamu a mangay a machivahey di prisidinti.
f. They are going to pasture the cows.
i. Taytu sa mangay mapawal su baka.
8. Present Perfect Tense.
a. I have cooked.
i. Nanutung aku na.
b. You have cooked breakfast.
i. Nanutung ka na su ryagen.
c. He/ She has cooked launch.
i. Nanutung da na su arawen.
d. We have cooked dinner.
i. Inclsive: Nanutung ta na su uyaven.
ii. Exclusive: Nanutung kami na su uyaven.
e. You have cooked the viand.
i. Nanutung kamu na su ichan.
f. They have cooked vegetables.
i. Nanutung da na sa su rakanen.(nanakan da na sa )
9. Past Perfect Tense
a. I had left when you arrived.
i. Nakakaru aku na du nakawara mu.
b. You had left when I arrived.
i. Nakakaru ka na du nakawara ku.
c. He /She had left when we arrived
i. Nakakaru kana du nakawara ku.
d. We had left when he came in.
i. Inclusive: Nakakaru tan a du nakasdep na.
ii. Exclusive: Nakakaru kami na du nakasdep da.
e. You (pl.) had left when your mother arrived.
i. Nakakaru kamu na du nakawara ni ina niyu.
f. They had left when Maria called.
i. Nakakaru da na sa du nakatawag ni Maria.

10. Future Perfect Tense

a. I shall have finished when you leave.
i. Tayuka aku na anti daw an kumaru ka.
b. You will have finished when I leave.
i. Tayuka ka na anti daw an kumaru aku.
c. He /She will have finished when her father leaves.
i. Tayuka da na anti uri an kumaru si ama na.
d. We will have finished when they start.
i. Inclusive: Tayuka tan a anti daw an sumitnan sa.
ii. Exclusive: Tayuka kami na anti daw an sumitnan sa.
e. You will have finished when we start.
i. Tayuka kamu na anti daw an sumitnan kami.
f. They will have finished when Elena enters.
i. Tayuka da na sa anti an sumdep si Elena.
11. Imperative
a. Give me a glass of water.
i. Turuhan mu yaken su asa ka basu a ranem.
b. Let him give me a piece of paper.
i. Turuhan mu yaken su asa ka pidasu a papel.
c. Let us give them money.
i. Turuhan ta sa su kartus.
d. You (pl.) give her new books.
i. Turuhan niyu [ siya ] su vayu sa a libru.
e. Let them give us the best fruit.
i. Turuhan da yaten su mapipya a prutas.
12. Conditional interrogative (?)
a. Why would I not sleep?
i. Angu di chu makaychehi?
b. Why would you not wash clothes?
i. Angu u di mu a mayvasavasayi?
c. Why would she not study?
i. Angu u di na a machinanauyi?
d. Why would we not eat?
i. Inclusive: Angu u di ta a nganani?
ii. Exclusive: Angu u di namen a nganani?
e. What would you not come?
i. Angu u di niyu a ngayayi?
f. Why would they not work?
i. Angu dida a maytrabahuyi

Note: The foregoing is to be distinguished from the interrogative in the simple indicative mood.
a. Why do I not sleep?
ii. Angu u di chu a makaychehan?
b. Why does he not study?
i. Angu u di na machinanauan

V. PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

8. The personal pronouns when (a) standing alone, or (b) are the beginning of t a sentence ,
in the nominative case , are the following:
YAKEN------------------------------------I
IMU -------------------------------------- You ( singular)
IYA --------------------------------------- He/She/It
YATEN ----------------------------------- We ( inclusive )
INYU ----------------------------------- You ( plural)
SIRA ------------------------------------ they
9. The personal pronouns in the nominative case when coming after the verb (predicate) the
sentence are as follows:
AKU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
KA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You ( sing.)
NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He/ She/ It
TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . We ( incl.)
KAMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . We ( excl.)
KAMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . You ( pl.)
SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . They
10. The personal pronouns in the objective case are the following:
DI YAKEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Me
DIMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You ( sing.)
DIYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Him/Her/It
DI YATEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Us ( incl.)
DI YAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Us (excl.)
DI NIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You (pl.)
DIRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Them
11. The prenominal possessive adjectives are the following:
KU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . My
MU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Your
NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .His/Her/Its
TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Our (incl.)
NAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Our (excl.)
NIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Your (pl.)
DA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Their
12. The pronouns in the possessive case are the following:
DIYAKEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mine
DIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yours
DIRA NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . His/Hers
DIYATEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ours ( incl.)
DIYAMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ours (excl.)
DI[RA] NIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yours
DIRA DA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theirs

13. The demonstrative pronouns/adjectives:

NIYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This
NAWRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . That (near listener)
U NGUYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . That ( far from both)
NIYA S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . These
NAWRI S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Those ( near listener)
U NGUYA S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Those (far from both)
14. Interrogative Pronouns
SINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who ( sing.)
SANGUANGU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . Who (pl.)
ANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What ( sing.)
ANGUANGU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . What ( pl.)
U ASIYU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which (sing.)
U ASIYU S[IR]A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which (pl.)
DU DINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where (sing.)
DU DINU-DINU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where ( pl.)
KA ANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When ( sing. )
KA ANGU-ANGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When ( pl. )
ANGU PAKAYAPUAN NA . . . . . . . Why
MAKAYAMUT DU ANGU . . . . . . . . Why
UN TA ANGU U PINAKAYAPUAN NA. . .Why ( with a sence of wonder)
(Unta is a shortened form of the foregoing and is used colloquially.It may also appear as
unta paru? In which paru is merely an interrogative marker. Unta is not used to initiate a
conversation. Its correct use is at the beginning of an interrogative statement meant to be a
follow-up inquiry. )
MAYPANGU PARU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How?
PAYPANGHEN? (shortened form of paypa anguhen?) How? (How is this done?)
( Note: In answer to Makayamut du angu ? or unta paru?, the answer opens to TA
KWAN ( because);but it is usual that the ta is omitted in ordinary conversation so that one usually
hears Kwan.)

VI. THE ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify nouns by indicating their quality, attribute, distinguishing characteristics.
Here are a random selection of Ivatan adjectives.
mabkuh (dry)
madeded ( round; spherical)
mahay ( late)
mahma (soft; cheap)
makaha (weak)
makalu ( early)
makehnet/ makulahet (hard; tough)
makulay ( dry; dehydrated;parched)

malistu ( fast ; quick)

malulug ( oblong)
mamutimutin ( acqua; clear and bluish)
manianil ( of the color of indigo; deep blue)
mangulimachem ( purple; bluish, saaid of contusions)
manihama ( yellow)
marem ( green )
masdep ( delicious;tasty;appetizing; fragrant)
matarem ( sharp)
mavahavaha ( square; rectangular)
mavaheng ( black; dark complexion)
mavasa ( wet)
mavaya ( red)
mavid ( beautiful; pretty; lovely)
mavuavu ( gray; ashen )
mavuyuk ( maladorous; bad smelling)
mawadi ( slow )
mayit (strong; mighty )
munawnas ( sweet )

Comparative degrees of adjectives

The positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of Ivatan ajectives are indicated by
morphological changes in the word.
Positive
mavid
masulib
mapangtu
mapsek
maydak
masuyut
maihama
mawadi
mapya

Comparative
maviavid
masulisulib
mapangpangtu
mapsepsek
maydaydak
masuyusuyut
maihaihama
mawadiwadi
mappya

Superlative
mavvid
masullib
Mappangtu
Mpsek
Mydak
Massuyut
Maihamma
Mawaddi
mappiya

VII. THE ADVERBS

An adverb is a part of speech which modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs by limiting
or extending their signification. It usually indicates time, place, manner, condition, cause, result,
degree, means, etc.
Time
kakuyab ( yesterday )
kamahep ( last night )
sicharaw ( today )
andlak ( tomorrow )
du ka mavukhas ( in the morning )

sichamavukhas ( this morning )

sichamarw ( this noon )
du kamarw ( at noon , in the day time )
kamarw ( the noontime [ that has just passed ] )
sichamakuyb ( this afternoon )
du ka makuyb ( in the afternoon )
du ka malatyt ( at dawn )
du duminggu ay ( this week )
du manam aya duminggu ( this coming week )
du nakarahan aya duminggu ( last week )
du vuhan aya ( this month )
du manam aya vuhn ( next month )
du nakarahan aya vuhn ( last month )
du awn ay ( this year )
kaminswan; du nakarahan ay awn ( last year )
annwan; du manm ay awn (next year )
du manm; du manm a arw ( in the future )
du nakarahn ( in the past )
Place
du manghuvk ( in the middle; in the center )
du mangpas ( at the edge; at the border )
du mangwann (at/on the right )
du manghul (at / on the left )
manmma ( first; at the head of )
manwdi ; manawji (last )
manayahb (below )
manbahayn ( on the part closer to the upper end of a farm lot )
mansitnn ( on the pat closer to the lower end of a farm lot )
manlusuk ( at the bottom of )
Manner
The Ivatan adverb of manner is preceded by the particle su if the verb it modifies is
ahead; and is followed by the particle a when the verb is located after it. Thus:
Mayam su makawadii. ( He/ She walks slowly. )
Makawadii a mayam (He/ She walks slowly)
makawadii ( slowly )
makalistuu ( fast )
makaluu ( soon; quick )
mahaay ( late )
malyaak ( loudly )
madumii ( in a low voice, silently, softly )
nanyng, nanyeeng ( immediately )

Condition
Kasdken ( in the midst of, at the height of )
Katanyyen na ( the calmest state of [ said of sea condition ])
Karahtten na ( in the worst condition of )
Kapyhhen na (the best condition in which to)
Makanhhu su ka (at the right time/ condition for)
Degree
Uyud a (very, truly, genuinely)
Akma su (somewhat, a bit)
Mahara a (gravely, seriously, [usually said of illness])
Maymetmet (very gravely ill ] , very many)
Tud a (just [do something [without ceremony or complicated action])
Maychakuhtten (at its hottest )
Maychakaytten (at its strongest )

APPENDIX B

GLOSARYO
Pinatulas ni Ayrine C. Geronimo
U MASAIB SIRA IPAISIRIN (Common Expression)
Ivatan
English
Kapyan ka/kamu pa nu Diyos .
Good..
- sichamavukhas
- morning
- sichamaraw
- Noon
- sichamakuyab
- Afternoon
- sichamahep
- Evening
Diyos mamahes
Thank You
As kanimu pa
Youre welcome
Mangay aku du
I am going to.
Yapu aku du
I am from.
Vuhuren ku pa u.
May I borrow.
Maypasinsya ka/paypasinsyan mu
Im sorry..
yaken
Un
Yes
Umba
No
Katen
I dont know; Im not sure..
U MASAIB SIRA IYAHES (Common Questions)
Angu ngaran mu?
Whats your name?
Sinu ina/ama mu?
Who is your mother/father?
Dinu angayan mu?
Where are you going?
Yapu ka dinu?
Where did you come from?
Papira dana u awan mu?
How old are you?
Dinu katdan mu?
Where do you live?
Maipira ya?
How much is this?
Sinu rarayay/kayvan mu?
Who is your companion/friend?
Angu ya?
What is this?
Angu uri?
What is that?
Angu sira uri?
What are those?
Sinu ka?
Who are you?
Sinu u tawu aya dawri?
Who is that person?
Kangu nakawara mu?
When did you arrive?
Papira u.?
How many?
Maypangu paru?
How?
Paypanguhen?
How is this done?
Makayamut du angu?/Unta paru?
Why?

SIRA U MAYTRABAHU (Community Helpers)

dentis
doktor
hurnal
machapu (miyan du apu)
mamiyay
mangamung
mangaptus
mangheneb
mangugud
maipu
manuvatuva
maydakaw
maykayukayu/maychayukayu
maymanihu/driver
maypalitada
mistra/mistru/titser/mannanawu
narsis
pali
umhakaw/maytaketakey
PARTI NU VAHAY (Main Parts of a House)
IVATAN
vahay
pantaw
bintan
atep
iskalayra
sahad
gagan
att
kusina
kanan/kakanan
bao
kasilyas
pakaychehan
batalan
rahawung
ahbu
aneb

dentist
doctor
laborer
housemaid
midwife
fishermen
therapist
tailor/dressmaker
haircutter
blacksmith
doctor
seller/storekeeper/vendor
carpenter
driver
mason
teacher
nurse
priest
farmer

ENGLISH
house
door
window
roof
stairs
inside/living room
outside
backyard
kitchen
dining room
bathroom
comfort room
bedroom
porch
shed
lower ground
shutter

WARAWARA KANU SIRSIRBIEN DU VAHAY (Things at Home)

IVATAN
ENGLISH
angang
earthen jar (usually for water)
apin
sleeping mat
ayub
blanket
basu
drinking glass
daspan
dustpan

hangnan
irutung/pangatung
ispihu
kaldiru
kama
kuchara
kuchilyu/ipangan
kurtina
lamisa
lukuy
padaynasan/paisisan
pakul
palyuk
panay
pangengnat
paradur/paladur
planggana
pungus nu hangnan
rapuyan/panutungan
rasay/rarasay
savun
susupit
tabayan
tagaw
takuri/panguhatan
taru
tatavu
tinidur
trapu
tutuhan
twalya
vagatu
vuvuyas

pillow
firewood
mirror
kettle
bed
spoon
knife
curtain/draperies
table
bolo
doormat
ladle
frying pan
plate
pot holder
closet
basin
pillow case
stove
bed sheet
soap
clothes clip
clothesline
earthen jar (for lard )
tea kettle
jar (for fermenting wine)
dipper
fork
hand/dish towel
mortar & pestle
towel
chopping board
broom (both soft and tingting)

ADJECTIVES
IVATAN
dekey
madumi
magulang
mahma
makarang
makasiasi
makay
makuryap
malijat
malimeng
malistu
manamunamu

ENGLISH
small; little
soft voice/quite
slender (person, animal)
soft
tall
poor
shiny
dimly lit
uncomfortable
stingy smell
fast
clean (more on things)

manaru
manyuvek
mapangtu
mapayas
mapya
maradinep/mapsek
marahet
marahet su taham
marahus
maranum
marayi
marudit
masari
masdep
masehdang/mariyal
masngen
matalakak
mataripis
matava
matukpuh
mauhas
mavasa
mavid
mavudis
mavukay
mavuyuk
mawadi
mauritek
mawvung
maydamnay
maydid
maynakem
mayid
munaunas
rakuh

long
suffocating smell
industrious
rough
good
well behaved
ugly
not delicious (food)
clean (personal)
watery mixture
far
dirty
dark
delicious/fragrant/tasty/appetizing
bright
near
lazy
thin (paper, cloth)
stout/chubby/fat
thick
smooth
wet
beautiful
short (living things, mountains)
thick (mixture)
odorous
slow
slender (things)
wide
comfortable
narrow
rich
short (non-living things)
sweet
big

PARTI NU KARAKUHAN (Parts of the Body)

Ivatan
altek
asi
atang
avang
bubuh
chichimit
chichiray
chimandedekey/kamandedekey
chimanrarakuh/kamanrarakuh
chimantutungdu/kamanungdu/idungdu

Legs/calfs
muscle
buttocks
back of head
fine hairs; down
eye lashes
eye brow
small finger
thumb
pointer finger

English

chinayi
danguy
danguy
datchan/dadatchan
galesges; lagesges
kabedberan
kabungen
kahukutan
kakamay
kakamay nu padang
kalangangan
kamansasanga
kasindan
katinghan
kavunghuan
Kedwan; keddan
kudit
kudit nu uhu
kuku
lagaw
manghuvuk
mata
miin
mumudan
muyin
ngares
ipen
paa
padang
pakuh
pai
paygadangan
pisi
puaw
pused
putuhan
rapan
rida
ridas
sai
sapad
sichu
susu
tachay
tadia/chiduan
taglang
tanuru
tatakad

intestines
Face (Basco)
Mouth (other towns except Basco)
anus
tendons
wrist
urinary bladder
back of knee
fingers
toes
Chest; breast
molars
ankle
waist
joints
armpit
skin
scalp
nail
neck
tall finger
eye
beard and mustache
nose
Forehead/face in other towns
gums
Teeth/tooth
thigh
foot
shoulders
inner thigh/groins
ring finger
cheeks
lungs
navel
nape
palm
tongue
spleen/
jaw
hips
elbow
bust
arm
ear
ribs
hands
sole

tawul
tehnan/tetehnan
tuhang
tulyang nu mumudan
tumid
tuud
uhu
utek
uvan
uyat
vatu
vituka
vivi
vukeh
vuuk
yanga nu uhu

heart
throat
bones
nostrils
chin
knee
head
brain
white hair
blood vessels
kidney
stomach
lips; mouth (in Basco)
protruding bones on joints
hair
skull

RARAYAY SA DU VAHAY (Members of the Family)

Ivatan
English
ama
father
ama du timban
god father
ina
mother
ina du timban
god mother
inainapu/kaynapuan
grand children
inapu
grand child (regardless of generation)
inapu du tud
grand children ( second generation)
kaka
older sibling
kakuvut
spouse
kamanganakan
children
kamnan
aunt
kamutdehan
children
kataysa
cousin
katayug
brother/sister in law
kutan
grand grand parent
mahahakay
boys/males
mahakay
boy
manganak
child
maran
uncle
mavakes
girl
mavavakes
girls/females
papu hakay
grandfather
papu vakes
grandmother
si hakay
husband/man (of old age)
si vakes
wife/woman (of old age)
wari
younger sibling

VIAVIAY (Common Animals)

Ivatan
amung
aput
arayu
aymang/imang
bagu
baka
chitu
chituh
dadapuyan
dipwan
duwachi/duduwati
geget
Hawa; kamaw; kamamaw
ipes
ipun
irang
kabayu
kaddin
kairu
karam
kavaga
kudibabang
kulivanga/lagaitan
kuyad
lagwak
manuk
manumanuk
mugiteng
nanak
pagad
panichi
patu
payi
pusak
siewsiew
tagagang
tatus
taveh,marida
uhed
ulak
umang
umawmayam/mumayam
viay
vuday
vuhawu/kutun

English
fish
sea urchin
dorado
eel
pig
cow
dog
crab
moth
centepede
earthworm
lizard
spider
cockroach
shrimp
turtle
horse
goat
sheep
rat
grasshopper
butterfly
dragon fly
garden slug; chiton (water)
heron
chicken
bird
small snake
piglet
carabao
bat
duck
lobster
cat
chick
praying mantis
coconut crab
snail
worm
milipede
hermit crab
insects
animal
snake
ant

MUHAMUHA (Common Plants)

Ivatan
amuhung
anaha
atis (antis)
arius
asi nu kayu
ateh
ayem
Bawang (akus)
bayakbak
bayawas
bulyas
chayi
chipuhu
dukay
hama
hanut
hapa/buhung
humahum
kabatiti
kalabasa
kamates
kamaya
kapaya/kabanu
kapiya/paaw
kawayan
kayu
kayukayu
kutay
mayis
mintakey
nala
uy
palyak
paray
pichay
puhug
rakarakanen
ripulyu
savidug
simun
sudi
suha
tadiaya
tamek
tamiduk
tanud

English
type of fungi that grows on dead pandan
ginger
atis
(Podocarpus costalis) Provincial tree of Batanes

Fruits (of trees)

ripe almond fruit
native spinach
garlic
macopa
guava
onion
(Pometia pinnata)
breadfruit
tugue
yellow ginger
linden tree
gabi leaves
birds nest fern
patola
(squash)pumpkin
tomato
mabolo
papaya
pineapple
bamboo
tree
trees
orange (native)
corn
wild yam
narra
coconut
ampalaya
rice
pechay
sigarillas/winged beans
vegetables
cabbage
almond
watermelon
gabi
pomelo
wild strawberry
weeds
fern
black mulberry

tavayay
uluten
unas
uvi
vahusa
valit
vunes
vinay/binay
viiveh
vuchid
wakay
VIDAVIDANG (Numbers)
Ivatan
abu
asa
dadua
tatdu
apat
dadima
anem
papitu
wawahu
sasyam
asa puhu
asa sicharua[asas charua]
dadua/dua sicharua.
dadua puhu/rua puhu
duapuhu kan asa . . .
tatdu a puhu
tatdu a puhu kan asa . . .
apat a puhu
apat apuhu kan asa . . .
dadima puhu
dadima puhu kan asa . . .
anem a puhu
anem a puhu kan asa . . .
pitu a puhu
pitu a puhu kan asa . . .
wawahu a puhu
wahu a puhu kan asa . . .
sasyam a puhu
sasyam a puhu kan asa
asa yatus
asa yatus kan asa. . .
dadua yatus
dadua yatus kan asa. . .
tatdu a yatus

gourd
vines
sugarcane
yam
eggplant
rattan
dried gabi petiole
berry
banana
cogon
camote

English
zero/none
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
twenty
twenty one
thirty
thirty one
forty
forty one
fifty
fifty one
sixty
sixty one
seventy
seventy one
eighty
eighty one
ninety
ninety one
one hundred
one hundred one
two hundred
two hundred one
three hundred

tatdu a yatus kan asa. . .

apat a yatus
apat a yatus kan asa. . .
dadima yatus
dadima yatus kan asa . . .
anem a yatus
anem a yatus kan asa. . .
papitu a yatus
papitu a yatus kan asa . . .
wawahu a yatus
wawahu a yatus kan asa. . .
sasyam a yatus
Sasyam a yatus kan asa. . .
asa livu
asa livu kan asa. . .
livulivuhen
milyun

three hundred one

four hundred
four hundred one
five hundred
five hundred one
six hundred
six hundred one
seven hundred
seven hundred one
eight hundred
eight hundred one
nine hundred
nine hundred one
one thousand
one thousand one
thousands and thousands
million

NUMBER-QUANTITY RELATIONSHIP
IVATAN
machalit; mayalit
aruaru kanu
dekedekey kanu
maypapere su..; mayhayhahaw su
papapere
rakurakuh kanu

ENGLISH
equals; the same; equivalent
more than
smaller than; less than
lesser by..
less than..
bigger than../greater than

ORDINAL NUMBERS
IVATAN
manumma
ichadua/icharua/ichadadua
ichatdu/ichatatdu
ichapat
ichadima/ichadadima
ichanem
ichapitu
ichawahu
ichasyam
ichapuhu
ichasa na sicharua
icharua/ichadua na sicharua.
U PANPANGAN SIRA (MEASUREMENTS)
Ivatan
adpa
aru
aruba
dekey
kakapat

ENGLISH
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
nineth
tenth
eleventh
twelveth
English
arm span
plenty/many
approximately11.5 kls
small
one fourth

kara
kilu
kilumitru
libra
litru
madinung
mayhahaw/papere
mitru
puntu
rakuh
rangan
tunilada

half
kilo
kilometer
pound
liter
whole
few
meter
almost an inch
big
hand span
ton

KULUKULUR (COLORS)
Ivatan
English
mamutimutin
aqua; clear and bluish
manianil
of the color of indigo, deep blue
maihama
yellow
marem
green
masesngen du mavaya
refers to all shades of red
masinsinta; makdekdem
of darker shade
masinta
darker in color
masinta a mavaya
dark red
masuhaw
pale color
masuhaw a mavaya
lighter shade of red
mavaheng
black
mavahevaheng
darker
mavaya
red
mavayavaya
darker shade of red
mavuavu
gray; ashen
maydak
white
Tuviran: Sirbien u ngaran na du Ingles nu kadwan a kulur a niya su chinaywaman dana.
KURKURTI KADA VULIVULIT (SHAPES AND LINES)
Ivatan
English
machinunung
parallel
madeded
round/circular
malulug
oblong
manaru a vulit
long
mavahavaha
square
maybabat; maypababat
horizontal
maykurus
intersecting lines
maynanaru
elongated
mayid a vulit
short
maypatnek; maytenek
vertical
vulit
line
Tuviran: Sirbien u ngaran na du Ingles nu kadwan pa sira kurti.

U URAS KANU TIEMPO (CONCEPT OF TIME)

Ivatan
andelak
annawan; du manam aya awan
antiyaw/anchiyaw
asa ka duminggu
awan
du umunut a duminggu
kaminsawan
kawawan; maday su awan
mahep
makuyab
maraw
masayrem
mavak
mavukhas
maysarisari
minutu
panunutung
sichawan
sigundu
uras

English
tomorrow
next year
later
One week
year
next week
last year
every year
night
afternoon
noon
early evening
midnight
morning
twilight
minutes
dawn
this year
seconds
hour

U ARAW SIRA (Days of the Week)

Ivatan
English
araw
days
Lunes: /Lunis/
Monday
Martes: /Martis/
Tuesday
Miyerkules;: /Mirkulis/
Wednesday
Huwebes: /Huybis/
Thursday
Biernes: /Birnis/
Friday
Sabado: /Sabadu/
Saturday
Duminggu
Sunday
Tuviran: Sirbien u ispeling na du Filipino ta niya u chinaywaman dana, a katadkan nu
araw nu Duminggu
NGARANGARAN SIRA NU VUHAN (Months of the Year)
Ivatan
vuhan
Month
Enero (Iniru)
January
Pebrero (Pibriru)
February
Marso (Marsu)
March
Abril (Abril)
April
Mayo (Mayu)
May
Hunyo (Hunyu)
June
Hulyo (Hulyu)
July
Agosto (Agustu)
August
Setyembre (Siptimri)
September

English

Oktubre (Oktubri)
October
Nobyembre (Nubimri)
November
Disyembre (Disimri)
December
Tuviran: Sirbien u ispeling na du Filipino ta niya u chinaywaman dana.
U MAYPAKWAN DU KAPARIN NU KAWAN (Weather)
Ivatan
English
adey
thunder
adipugpug
tornado/whirlwind
amian
winter
ain
typhoon
apun
dew
araw
sun
ayukayam
northeast monsoon
chidat
lightning
chimuy/timuy
rain
demdem
clouds
madiatangat
warm
dipamchi
squall
kahehep
fog
kavavayat
southwest monsoon
mahteng
calm/ no breeze
makuhat
hot
maynannget
warm
mamalaymay
breezy/windy
manahebneb/mahanebneb
cold
maymuit
Warm and humid
makunem
cloudy
vuhan
moon
rayun
summer
salawsaw
wind
saliisin
drizzle
saisi
sea spray
sumarilayaw
rainshower
Phases of the moon
kabuhen
maysapat
a day before new moon
samurang
new moon
maypalang du katayara
first quarter
Tiva nu rumay
Chadua na ahep nu rumay
Ichatdu na ahep nu rumay
matuhud
full moon
maypalang du kausuk
last quarter

U MAYPAKWAN DU TAAW (Tide and Sea Current)

Ivatan
English
abkas
wave
tide without current between low and high tide
ahaan
amteng
high tide current from south to north
isak
low tide current from west to east
mabkas
rough seas
madinak
calm
mahnep
high tide
malawang
low tide
maries
strong current
matanuy
weak current
taaw
Sea, ocean
recirculating current that flows opposite
viidi
the normal direction when it passes near a
cove or recessed in the shoreline
U MADIDIEW TA SIRA (Feelings)
addaw
almaryaw
angdet
chila
magait
mahaii

makaha
malabtek
mamu
mangsah
mainangtang
mapamahbu
masuyut/masaray
matbel/ mamegpeg
mawawa
maychahehhen
maychaavut
mayet
maynanahet
mayin
michaychay
milut/sumuli/maket
nakin
tahaw
vukahaw

love
panic or sudded fear accompanied by
confusion
bravery
sulkiness
sick
tingling of the spine or teeth due to
screeching or grating sound/ or smell of
taste of sour fruit
weak
pride/boastfull
fear
sad
jealous
humble
happy
chilling
healthy
tingling of the spine; or standing of hair on
ones skin due to great surprise or wonder
sudden irrational fear or fright caused by a
perception of a ghostly presence
strong
envy
painfull
resentment
angry
surprise
Cowardice
Terror or horror of great brutality

U TRABAHU SIRA (Livelihood)

Ivatan
manatus
mangamung
mangheneb
maipu
mayakus
mayalat
mayapin
maybagu
maybaka
maychayukayu
maydakaw
maygadagada
maykaddin
maymanuk
maymuhamuha su rakarakanen
maypapalek
mayparay
maytaketakey/umhakaw
mayvavakul/maykakanayi
mayvavanga
umngasin

English
catching coconut crab
fishing
dressmaking/tailor
black smith
garlic production
basketry
weaving
pigery
cow raising
carpentry
store keeping/merchant
mason
goat raising
poultry raising
vegetable raising
wine making
planting rice
farming
making vakul for women and kanayi for
men using banana leaves/ vuyavuy
pottery
salt making

U PARIPARIIN SA DU KAHAKAW KANU KAPANGAMUNG (Farming and Fishing Processes)

Ivatan
English
mamulas; manyai
harvest
mangsad
pounding rice
mangurud
crushing corn using stone grinder(ururan)
manurud
harrowing
mapauknud
putting trellis to yam farm
mayahad
fencing using bamboo/ wood
mayakaw
putting away dried weeds
mayaradu
plowing
mayatuy
riprapping
mayayit
weeding
maychipchip
cutting grass
mayiped
putting soil support on inclined area using
logs/pruned branches
maymuha
planting
maypungpung/maytutu
pruning branches of trees
maysusuh
burning
maytungetungeh
cutting trees
mamana
spear fishing
manaaw
picking and gathering sea food (shells and
seaweeds) in the fringing reef/low tide

managap
manakdit
manawuy
manayrin
mangna; mamasid
manguyta
manuhu
mapatag
mataw
may-rublight
sumuhu

SIRSIRBIEN /IPAYLAKELAKEM (TOOLS)

Ivatan
Farming
alat
aradu
asada
barita
iswan
kadang
kalapay
karit
karitun
kutaw
lukuy
piku
surud
tangkal
tatari
Fishing
gugulu
karay
kawuy
nanawuy
sagap
sayrin
tataya
tuvung

fishing using a net

fishing using a small mess net
flynet fishing
deep sea hook and line fishing
hook and line
catching octopus
Night fishing using a coleman/flashlight
early morning fishing during low tide
seasonal catching of arayu
spear fishing at night
Night deepsea fishing catching flying fish

English
basket
plow
hoe
crow bar
handbar
u-shape hook to pull out grass
mans basket
hooked bolo
cart
ax
bolo
pick mattok
harrow
sled
knife
wire/stick used to push fish in its hiding place

small basket/bag with netted string cover

bamboo pole
fly net
net
hook
tataya
bamboo container dipped under seawater for
keeping octupus as bait

tuyungan

line

KADWAN PA SIRA SIRSIRBIEN (Other Tools)

ahu
barina
bilaw

pestle
auger bit
winnow basket

galagal
husung
imbudu
ipitpit
kawa
pakul
pangatesan/pasuk
pasek
pinuspus
martilyu
masu
sipilya
susupit
ururan
vaivang
U PARIPARINEN SIRA (COMMON VERBS)
Ivatan
adkan
akteven/tedteran
anban/anevan
apsahen
ariglahen
chiban/tiban
dumugud
gumtin/gumchin
ivahey
iwangan
kapyahen
kuman
kumaru
kumayat
kusukusuhun
machimisa
machinanawu
machisisirin
madiman
madmin
madudug
makanta
makatachi
makaupis (women)/makapeteg( men)
makaycheh
mamarin
mamidi/pidien
mamirit
mamiritu

saw
mortar
funnel
paddle used in pottery
vat
laddle
sugarcane crusher
nail
rope
hammer
Sledge hammer (iron)/mallet if made of wood

plane
tongs
stone grinder
chisel

English
to kiss
tocut
to close
to break (as in nut or glass)
to arrange
to look
to kneel
to get down
to tell/say
to open
to fix
to eat
to leave
to climb
to crumple
to hear mass
to study
to converse/talk to
to die
to smile
to tumble
to sing
to defecate
to urinate
to sleep
to make
to choose
to tear
to fry

mamitu
mayplancha
mamulas
mamutut/pututen
manadiew
manakaw
manalamad
mananaya
manarin
mandasda
mandiman (animal )
mandiman (person)
mangadi
manganuhed
mangatung
mangay
mangey
manghuras
manghusag
manghuya
mangtuktu/iktuktu
mangudit
mangurugud
manintin
maniplut
maisirin
manngey
manungdu
manuruh
manutung
manguyas
mapasadiew
mapakan
mapalid/paliren
mapalidulidu
mapavidi
mapawal
mapaynaynahah/mapayninihah
marius
masuyut
mayaradu/magaradu
mayayu
maychababaka
maychadidichi/maychadachichi
maychadisuhed
maychalukoy/maychadukuy
maydasal/machihuahuk
maydisna

to whistle
to iron
to harvest/pick
to break (as in wood;sticks)
to buy
to steal
to watch
to wait
to kick
to chop firewood
to slaughter
to kill
to dig
to obey
to build fire
to go
to shout
to chew
to feed the pigs
to scold
to think
to peel
to drag
to ring the bell
to whip
to greet
to listen
to point
to give
to cook
to wash the dishes
to sell
to feed
to peep
to sway
to return (as to return things)
to tend (to animals)
to rest
to take a bath
to laugh
to plow
to run
to crawl
to hop (with one leg)
to turn around
to bow
to pray
to sit

may-drawing
mayi
mayjisijis
maylakat
maylaylay/mangunay
mayliliyak
maylir
maymuha
maynamunamu
maypuha
maypunas
mayrara
maysagsag
maytetnek
maytulas
mayvasavasa
mayvuyas
minum
muhbet
naknakmen
natalyad/nakalsad
navuya
pachunungan
padpeten
paduyduyen/padeldelen
padduhen
pagsiren
palangen
pangayen
pariin
pavulawen
payatayen
paychapidien/paychabinbinen
paysaglen/simuken
rarahen/manara
sirbien
sumakay
sumavat
sumdep
sumitnan
sumurud
suiten
tawagan
tumada
tumais
tumayu
tumuhus/tumayara
tumuvu/mayparakuh

to draw
to come
to scrub
to run after
to dress
to talk
to read
to plant
to clean
to throw garbage
to wipe
to carry
to chop
to stand
to write
to wash clothes
to sweep
to drink
to go out
to recall
slipped
found
to take care
to hold
to push
to pour
to throw
to pull
to put on
to do
to set free
to distribute
to sort
to mix
to invite
to use
to ride
to go home
to get inside
to start
to comb
to bite
to call
to dance
to cry
to hide
to go up
to grow

tupiren
tuviran
umayam
unungan
vadedehen
vaguten
vulayen
yahes
yangay

to fold
to remember
to walk
to keep something
to roll
to uproot
to spread out (as in mat)
to ask
to bring

U MAVUYA SIRA DU KAISKUYLAN (WHAT WE SEE IN SCHOOL)

IVATAN
ENGLISH
bandira
flag
bolpen
ballpen
bond paper
bond paper
bula
ball
computer
computer
daspan
Dust pan
desk
desk
iskuyla
pupil/student
isu
chalk
janitor
janitor
kaiskuylan
school
Kaklase/kaiskuyla
classmate/s
klase
class
lamisa
table
lapis
pencil
laptop
laptop
lastiku
Rubber band
libru
book
makinilya
typewriter
notbuk/notebook
notebook
opisina nu principal
office of the principal
pangungupas
eraser
papil
paper
payayaman/oval
playground/oval
pisara
blackboard
principal
principal
printer
printer
sahad nu kaiskuylan
classroom
sanggi/disnan
chair
supervisor
supervisor
tinta
ink
vunut
husk
vuvuyas
broom