44 core armoured, PVC, ECS copper cabis with a total length of 85 meters, must supply the following resistive foads if the supply ts 400/230 volts. © Red phase 1004 + White phase 90 4 © Blue phase 20 A + Ignore volt drop after the main cable Draw the circuit and then determine: 4.4 The minimum main cable size 4) 1.2 The actual % phase to neutral volt drop on the blue phase if the cable in 1.1 is used. (3) 4.3. The main protection tripping rating (4) 1.4 The current unbalanced factor (4) 4.5 The actual resistance of the ECC if itis the same size as one of the phase conductors a = 1004 — [sooase | “Set Toas | | | | | 4. Calculate the total neutral unbalance first ee wal N= Rb4W? +B? -[RW + WB + RB] AG Inet. WN = 100 +90? +207 - [9000 +1800 ~ 2000) vb Fas00= [2800 A =. 100x0.0233 x 05 N=75498Amps ‘Thus use a 35mm! copper cabie RG phase volt drop = 14 x 1000 Yolt drop neutral LL 1006 1.732 Volts VOLT DROP BLUE PHASE 2 1088S G3) 35mm"O14: PART 7 UF 2008 (General circuit arrangements) Ina three-phase four-wire circuit that suppiies only single phase loads of electrical equipment (that are connected between 2 phase conductor and the neutral conductor may supply any number of poinis if the circult meets with FOUR main requirements regarding the protection of the circuit. Elaborate on all of them. (10) Answers must be in point form. v2) the circuit is protected by 1) 2 multipole circuit-breaker, or 2) single-phase protective deve disconnector on the supply side, with @ multipole switch vb) throughout the circuit, the neutral conductor has the same nominal cross-sectional area as the associated phase conductors, Vc) tee-joinis are accessible and the main neutral conductor remains unbroken when tee-joints are removed, and 9) the total load is, as nearly as is practicable, balanced over the three phase Where itis required to separately control a part of an installation {such as fire services or emergency equipment), it shall be supplied by a separate dedicated circult © _ All the conductors of any circuit shall originate at the same © A maximum of three conductors may be connecied to any one terminal provided that the terminal has the correct rating. The neutral conductor shall not be connected direct to earth or to the earth continuity conductor on the icad side of the point of control,rent carrying capacity on conductors and cabies. The sustained current carrying capacity (I) measured in amps of a cable buried directly in the groung can be caiculated by the following equation: [Is x Ft x F2 x F3 x Fé in amps, 3.4.4. Give the information of the factors used in the equation to enhance your answer in each case together with an example. 6) The sustained current-camying capacity J (A) of a cable buried directly in the ground oan be calculated by the following equation: FyxFox Fax Fe A 1, _ Is the standard rating, in amper Fis the rating factor for depth of burial, given in table 6.16; F: isthe rating factor for soil temperature at depth of burial, given in table 6.11; "is the rating factor for thermal resistivity of soil, given in fable 6.12; F, is the rating factor for grouping of directly buried cables that are thermally interdependent, given in table 6.13. ThusCCC =100X.9X.BX.7X6 = 30,24 AMP © 3.1.2 Explain in your own words how the area of a cable could be determined for a certain load by using the information in QUESTION 3.1.1. S Note : the answer must be summarized in point form and not be more than ca four tines. 34.2 Say the load is 30,24amps Divide the load by each factor The total load is then 100am; Look up the cable size under table 8.8 u: Cabie size falis between 1omm? & 16mm’ ing 100amps CUcabies (5) the abov:questions SAN: 142 FART (OF c0cs (Positioning and the fixing of cabies} Name FIVE cases where the installation or running of a cabie is prohibited. Note: the answer must be summerised in point form. [10] ‘ositioning and fixing of cables Fositioning Accable shall not be run 2) in the same trench or wireway as e supplier's cable, except with the suppiier's permission, b) in the same wireway as the cables or wires of telecommunication, radio and signalling circuits that are not covered by this part of SANS 10142 (SABS 0142), c)_ where it is likely to be damaged by liquids such as oil, acid, acetone and alkaii or by gases such as sulfur dioxide, 4) within 150 mm of hot services such as hot pipes and flues If the heat is likely to damage the cable, unless the cable is cooled or shiekiec from heat, or ) ina position where itis likely to be damaged, unless it is mechanically protected. ts)Briefly describe the methods used to determine the minimum nominal size for PVC conduit and the maximum allowable % not to be exceeded for ducting, duit and trunking. 0 Multicore cables in wireways_ To determine the size of wireway needed to accommodate cables of different sizes, add up the overall nominal cross-sectional area of each cable and ensure thal this total area does not exceed the following percentages of cross-sectional area of the wireway: 40 % for condi b) 35 % for ducting; and ) ¢) 45 % for trunking. ‘The following information is given the following: = 25mm PVC conduit © 2x4,5mm? PVC conductors + 3x4mm?PVC conductors * 2x6mm?PVC conductors | Determine how many 1 mm? single core PVC conductors may be added may be added to the installation according to the code. (4) 5.2 2x1.5mm* 3x 4mm? 2x6mm* total value but 25mmtcan use 144 C values thus 144-115 but imm* thus only 3 1mm* single core PVC conductors may be added to the 25mm PVC conduit. @ What are the earthing requirements regarding insulated fiexible met: conduit, Shall be conn:IVE manufacturing and construction requirements for 216 mm? earth continuity conductor. 8) Earth continuity conductors ‘An earth continuity conductor shall 8) consist of compatible conductors, 5) if it forms part of a cable other than a fiexible cabie, comply with the relevant requirements of the standard for the cable, ©) if it forms part of a flexible cable, be of the same material as, and have e nominal cross-sectional area at isast equal to, that of the largest hase conductor, 4) if it does not form part of @ cable or flexible cable, have a nominal cross-sectional area at least equal to that determined in accordance with table 6.28, as follows 1) from the row of table 6.28 that gives the rated current of the overcurrent protective device, select 2 “iength of earth continuity conductor that most closely excesds the actual lengin of the circu: 2) from the head of the column that gives the selected “iength of earth continuity conductor", read off the minimum nominal cross-sectional area of earth continuity conductor to be used: and ©) be able to carry the prospective fault current without excessive heating of the conductor, within the disconnecting time. What is meant by the term 06h00 earthing requirements according to the (4) Moy Earth continuity conductors shall be so arranged that they cannot be tampered witha ° oo EST (INSULATION RE! STANCE Name SIX safety precautions that must be taken when the above test is conducted. 3) Ensure that the supply is switched off or at zero potential . disconnect the suppiy cabie totally for AC & DC supply. Disconnect all sensitive electronic devices such as, surge arrestors earth leakage devices, SPDS if fitted, light baliast and starters, electric fences and alarms. Only use AC & and DC voltage of twice ti supply. Do not exceed these voltages. Disconnect all external ioads, do not just switch them off Ensure that all fuses are in place and that all switches are on, ‘especially when there is two way or more switching facilities Always ensure that the circuit that is under test is discharged . Always restore the supply to normal Take any other precautions were necessary. RMS value of the Explain briefly how the accuracy of the test instrument can be verified? Note: Give hypothetical values to enhance your answer. @) Use two resistors of certified values for the electrical zero and range of the test. Example 1MQ and 20M2 Both test must be within 5% or better Example (1 MOQ. x 100%) =9.1 % to high 1.4MO What is the minimum acceptable insulation resistance reading at 23°C according to the code. 4) Minimum of MO If the insulation resistance reading test must be carried out on a three phase 4-wire system, which reading of the recorded values must be noted. Mezsure all the possibilities and then record the worst reading exampie 1.7 MQ. between rac and bie ph Whi What measures cot out from the mat Sectional zpoveQUESZIONS 5 SANS 10142 PART 4 OF 2005 } Calculate the PSCC of a DC supply with the following information given: 410 cell battery of 200, Total internal resistance of the supply is 1,1 ohms + Total resistance of the battery pole connectors is 1 ohm Total cabie length 100 meters If a copper cable is used Cross sector area of cable 16 mm? ignore installation methods 110} EB EB 1S 2volts cell 05x 2x110 = 231 sce = ERAMP) Roane PSCC = (@ sui) 142% 0.0014. 100 1 PSC QUESTION 9 SANS 10142 PART 4 OF 2003 ‘Surge Protection Annexure (L) 8.1 What are the installation requirements regarding surge protection device and the class group of the device. (2) Surge protection devices should be installed at least in the main distribution board of an electrical installation. b) SPDs in the main distribution board shall be at least class !I devices 8.2 9.2.1 Thermal disconnecting, mechanism, visual indication that shows end of (2) 8.2.2 Live conductor to the consumers earth terminal , than (SM (2) .3. Manufacturer, not less than 6mm? Q)“2.4 Draw @ simpis circuit of « singie phase TNCS system which are connected to 2 SPDS system. a Point of control Figure L.1—Instattion of SPDs where the supp s # TN-C-8 clone (earthing) mbined in 8 single Neutral and protective functions fearing) combined ins Condor between the source cf anergy and te pont of Suppty ana separsted inthe sonsuners nstaaon QUESTION 10 SABS 0313 OF 1999 THE PROTECTION OF STRUCTURE: inspection and maintenance of LPSs AGAINST LIGHTNING 10.1 Name the THREE main of ‘he objectives of the inspections are to ensure that ) the LPS complies with the design, tives of LPS inspections (4) all _smponents of the LPS are in good consition and capable of performing their designed functions, and that there is no corrosion, and any recently added services or construction works have been incorporated into the protected space by bonding or extensions to the LPS. be issued in respect oi an ins: ‘Situation oF