What Is a Wireless Sensor

Network?
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially
distributed autonomous devices using sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions. A WSN system incorporates a gateway that provides
wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes (see Figure
1). The wireless protocol you select depends on your application
requirements.Some of the available standards include 2.4 GHz radios based on
either IEEE 802.15.4 or IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standards or proprietary radios, which
are usually 900 MHz.
Trkesi: WSN fiziksel ve evresel artlar izlemek iin sensrleri
kullanan uzaysal dagtlm zerk ortam aletleri ieren kablosuz
adr.WSN sistemi bir gateway iermektedir bu kablolu dnya ve
dagtk dmlere kablosuz baglanty saglamaktadr.Sizin setiiniz
kablosuz protokol sizin uygulama ihtiyalarnza bagldr.Mevcuttaki baz
standartlar 2.4 Ghz frekans iermektedir Bu IEEE 802.15.4 veya IEEE
802.11 wifi standart veya zel frekanslar genellikle 900MHz.

1. Potential Applications (Potansiyel Uygulamalar)

Engineers have created WSN applications for areas including health care, utilities,
and remote monitoring. In health care, wireless devices make less invasive
patient monitoring and health care possible. For utilities such as the electricity
grid, streetlights, and water municipals, wireless sensors offer a lower-cost
method for collecting system health data to reduce energy usage and better
manage resources. Remote monitoring covers a wide range of applications where
wireless systems can complement wired systems by reducing wiring costs and
allowing new types of measurement applications.
Remote monitoring applications include:
Trkesi: Mhendisler salk bakm ieren alanlarda,Kamu
hizmetlerinde ve uzaktan izlemede WSN uygulamalar
oluturmaktadr.Salk hizmetleri, kablosuz aletlerle hasta izleme daha
az bozan ve salk hizmetleri mevcuttur.Elektrik ebekesi,sokak
lambalar ve belediyeye ait su gibi kamu hizmetleri Kablosuz sensrler
sistemin saglkl veriler kullanmasnda ,enerjinin drlmesi ve
kaynaklarn daha iyi ynetilmesinde daha dk fiyat sunar.Uzaktan
izleme oldukca geni alanlara sahiptir ki burada kablosuz sistemler
kablolu sistemleri tamamlaycdr.Kablolama maliyeti drmek ve yeni
tip lm uygulamalarna izin verme .Uzaktan uygulama unlar
iermektedir.
*Environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil
*Structural monitoring for buildings and bridges
*Industrial machine monitoring
*Process monitoring

*Asset tracking
Trkesi:

*Havay,suyu ve toprag evresel izleme

*kprler ve binalarda yapsal izleme
*endstriyel makina izleme
*ilem izleme
*Varlk izleme
2. WSN System Architecture (WSN SSTEM MMARS)

Wireless technology offers several advantages for those who can build wired and
wireless systems and take advantage of the best technology for the application.
To do this, you need a flexible software architecture like the NI LabVIEW graphical
system design platform. LabVIEW offers the flexibility needed to connect a wide
range of wired and wireless devices (see Figure 2).
Trkesi: Kablosuz teknoloji birok avantajalr sunar yleki bu kablolu
ve kablosuz sistemi ina etmektedir ve uygulama iin en iyi teknoloji
getirmektedir.Bunu yapmak iin esnek mimari gerekir rnegin grafiksel
tasarm platformu .Labview esneklik sunmaktadr ihtiyac duyulan
kablolu ve kablosuz geni alanda.
3. WSN Network Topologies

(WSN A TOPOLOJLER)

WSN nodes are typically organized in one of three types of network topologies. In
a star topology, each node connects directly a gateway. In a cluster tree network,
each node connects to a node higher in the tree and then to the gateway, and
data is routed from the lowest node on the tree to the gateway. Finally, to offer
increased reliability, mesh networks feature nodes that can connect to multiple
nodes in the system and pass data through the most reliable path available. This
mesh link is often referred as a router (see Figure 3).
Trkesi: WSN dgmler tipik olarak topolojilerin 3 tipinden birinden
organize edilmitir.Yldz topolojide her bir dm direkt gateway e
balanmaktadr.Kme agac yapsnda ise herbir dm kendisinden
daha stenki agaca bagldr ve daha sonra gateway e bagldr ve data
en alt dmden en st dme ynlendirilir. Son olarak gvenligin
arttrlmas iin i ie birletirilmi aglarndak dugumler sistemde ok
sayda dm birletirir ve daha dataya gvenli mevcut yol
geirirler.te bu mesh balant ynlendirici olarak bilinmekte.

4. Components of a WSN Node (WSN DMLER BLEENLER)

A WSN node contains several technical components. These include the radio,
battery, microcontroller, analog circuit, and sensor interface. When using WSN
radio technology, you must make important trade-offs. In battery-powered
systems, higher radio data rates and more frequent radio use consume more
power. Often three years of battery life is a requirement, so many of the WSN
systems today are based on ZigBee due to its low-power consumption. Because
battery life and power management technology are constantly evolving and
because of the available IEEE 802.11 bandwidth, Wi-Fi is an interesting
technology.
Trkesi:
WSN dmleri pek ok bileen iermektedir.Bu
radyo,batarya,mikrokontrol,analog devre ve sensr arayz ierir.WSN
radyo teknolojisini kullandgm zaman skca trend of yapmak
nemlidir.Bataryayla beslenen sistemlerde yksek oranl radyo veri
hzlar ve daha sk radyo kullanm daha ok g harcar.Genellikle 3 yl
batarya mr iin ihtiyatr Bylece birok WSN sistem Zigbee bagldr
onun dk g tketiminden dolay.Batarya mr ve g ynetim
teknolojisi srekli gelimektedir ve bu EEE 208.11 dant geniliinden
dolay wifi ilgin bir teknolojidir.
The second technology consideration for WSN systems is the battery. In addition
to long life requirements, you must consider the size and weight of batteries as
well as international standards for shipping batteries and battery availability. The
low cost and wide availability of carbon zinc and alkaline batteries make them a
common choice.
Trkesi:
Dikkate alnan 2.teknolojide WSN sistemlerde
bataryadr.Bataryalarn uzun mrlerine ek olarak siz bunlarn
bykln ve agrlgn dikkate almalsnz ve bunlara ek olarak
bataryalarn tama uluslararas standart nemlidir ve bataryann
mevcut olmas.Dk maliyet ve oldukca geni nk inko ve alkali
batarya tercih edilen bataryalardr.
To extend battery life, a WSN node periodically wakes up and transmits data by
powering on the radio and then powering it back off to conserve energy. WSN
radio technology must efficiently transmit a signal and allow the system to go
back to sleep with minimal power use. This means the processor involved must
also be able to wake, power up, and return to sleep mode efficiently.
Microprocessor trends for WSNs include reducing power consumption while
maintaining or increasing processor speed. Much like your radio choice, the
power consumption and processing speed trade-off is a key concern when
selecting a processor for WSNs. This makes the x86 architecture a difficult option
for battery-powered devices.
Trkesi:
Bir bataryann mrn uzatmak iin bu WSN dm belirli
aralklarla periyodik olarak uyanr radyonun gcn aarak datay

gnderir daha sonra gc kapatp korur.Bu WSN radyo teknolojisini

verimli olarak gndermekte ve sisteme izin vermelidir bir daha uyarmas
iin minimum g kullanm ile.Bunun anlam ilemci unu kapsamaldr
uyandrma,gc ama ve bir daha uyarmay.WSN iin mikroilemci
trendi g tketimini drmeyi iermektedir yalnz ilemci hzn
arttrarak veye sabit tutarak.Sizin radyo zmnz g tketimiyle ve
ilemci hz arasndak dengeleme anahtarla ilgilir ilemciyi setiginiz
zaman WSN iin.Bu bataryayla beslenen aletlerde x86 mimarisi
kullanmka zordur.