TRUONG CAO DANG KINH TE KY THUAT KHOA KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP. BO MON CO KHi DO DUC TRUNG THIET KE MO HiNH 3D BANG AUTOCAD Thai nguyén, thang 8 nam 2010Chung 1 C0 S6'TA0 MO HINH BA CHIEU t trién CAD Mo hinh héa ba chiéu (3D) ld mét inh vye phat trién nhanh chéng trong CAD, n6 [a mot eude cach mang trong vige img dung may tinh vio qué trinh thiét ké. Cac phiin mém thiét ké 3D, duge bit dau str dung vao nhimg nim 1980, ngay edng phé bi Nhu phuong phdp ve truyén théng, cdc ban ve hai chiéu (2D) trong cae phin mém CAD trinh bay vat thé trong mat phiing XY. Do dé 2D CAD chi la trong cong nghigp. “éng cy vé bing méy tinh (computer drafting tools) va sin pham cudi cing la in ra gid Neue lai, cée m6 hinh 3D kh6ng chi la vé mét d6i tung ma li hinh anh thye ciia vat thé, Do dé 3D CAD li céng cy mé hinh héa bing may tinh (computer modeling tool). Sw xudt hign va phét trién cia hé thng SKETCHPAD cia Ivan Sutherland thudc tring Dai hoc KF thugt Massachusetts vio nim 1962 durge coi la mé dau cha CAD. Tuy nhién dau tién hé théng nay chi thue hign ede ban ve hai chiéu. Hé théng SKETCHPAD IIL, duge phét trién sau d6 boi T-E. Johnson, cho phép biéu dign vat thé bai cée mé hinh 3D vai mite 46 gidi han do t6c dé tinh cua may lite d6 con han ché. Su phat trién ciia céc phan mém CAD lién quan dén sy phat trién phan cimg. Vi gid thanh ciia may tinh I6n vio nhiing nam 60, 70 rat cao, do d6 chi co Nha nude hoe Céng ty Ién ciia cée muse céng nghigp phat trién mai thé trang bi va sit dung ede phin mém CAD. Trong thdi ky nay cée phin mém CAD sit dung trong céng ty Hang khéng, O t6, Quan sy,... Tuy nhién do s6 long tinh toain khi thiét ké mé hinh 3D rat lon va tée 46 may con chim nén sy img dung can han ehé. Giam gid thanh va ting téc d6 tinh toan méy tinh cho phép phan mém thwong mai thiét ké mé hinh 3D solid dau tién ra doi vao nam 1980, Phin mém nay duge sir dung trén cde méy tinh én va cc may tinh c& ban. Ciing thai diém nay phin mém AutoCAD cia hang Autodesk ra di (1982) ding cho my tinhcae phin mém cia cic céng ty hing khong chuyén vé thiét ké két edu hang Khong va nd khéng thich hgp cho vige thiét ké céc chi tiét co khi c6 kich thud imho. Do dé cae phan mém 3D thuong mai dau tién chi phye vu cho ede thi trong de bigt. Cae phin mém thong mai 3D phat trién hign nay e6 nhiéu kha ning da dung va e6 thé tao cic mé hinh bat ky. Ngoai ra vio ning nim 1980 phat trién tigu chudn trao d6i dit ligu gitta cée phin mém ob tinh da dung cho cée phin mém thye hign cée nhigm vu dae biét va cde phin mém tinh ton khéc, cho nén céc sin phim mé hinh héa da dung phat trién nhanh chéng. ‘Sq phat trign nhanh chéng may tinh e& nhan kém theo a sy giém gid thanh 1a nguyén nhan chinh giip cho phin mém AutoCAD duge sit dung rong rai. Tit AutoCAD 11 c6 thé thiét ké m6 hinh 3D dang solid (AME |. Trong cae release sau niy cia AutoCAD ngiy cing hodn thign c6ng op thiétké 3D. Nguyén nhan sir dung mé hinh 3D. M6 hinh héa hinh hoe déng vai trd quan trong trong qua trinh thiét ké ky thudt. MO hinh 3D (ba ehigu) hién thi vat thé that hon cée ban vé 2D (hai chigu), Ban c6 thé chuyén m0 hinh 3D sang eée hinh chiéu 2D, tao ede ban ve ché tao 2D. M6 hinh 3D trén AutoCAD duge tao ma khong edn sir dung cée ban ve 2D. Ta c thé xudt hé hinh 3D cia AutoCAD thanh cac dinh dang DXF, IGES, STL. cae phin mém may digu khién churong trinh s6, cée phn mém tinh todn,... Lénh 48 chuyén déi dit ligu cho ede phan mém CAD, CAD/CAM,...vi dy cho Stlout trong AutoCAD xuét m6 hinh solid thinh dinh dgng file twong thich véi che thiét bi tg0 hinh lp thé hodic cdn goi Id ede thiét bi tao mau nhanh (rapid prototyping). Céc thiét bj nay sir dung cae dit ligu s6 may tinh @é tgo cic mé hinh tir mot sé vat ligu, Negoai ra ta cdm o6 thé tgo cae hinh anh that ciia vat thé tir ede mo hinh 3D bang cach gén vat ligu, anh sang va t6 bong, Diéu nay rat can thiét dé biéu dién m6 hin trong ct wii doan thigtk& va thie pti igu thiPhign ban dau tién cia phin mém AutoCAD xuat hign vio nam 1982, hign ban méi nt i AutoCAD 2010. nay p Tir phién ban AutoCAD 2004 trang bi cdc cOng cy lim vige ning suit cao hon, ning cao giao dign sir dung va hién thi 4 hoa dé tgo dir ligu nhanh hon, Dat password cho ban v8. Céng eu CAD standards va hd trq boi DWE (Design Web Format) file gitip cho dit ligu trao d4i duge nhanh. Trong AutoCAD 2004 c6 cic dae diém lién quan dén phan 3D nhur sau: ~ Don sach man hinh (t8 hop phim CTRI +0). = ThE hign t khi thye hign lénh Hide. fe ducing Kh - Dong cita s6 Render. Don sach man hinh (Clean Seren) Don sach man hinh bao gm che khuét nhimg gi jén thi trén man hinh, ngoai tri: ving 48 hoa (drawing area), menu bar va ding Iénh (command line), Nhip 16 hop phim CTRL + 0 (Zero) dé chuyén gitta giao dién hién hanh va man hhinh durge don sach. Ngoai ra ¢6 thé chon trén View menu. Hinh 1.1. Don sach man hinh Hién thj cic duimg khuat (Hidden Lines) Trén trang User Preferences cia hp thoai Options ban c6 thé thay d6i in sit hién thi thiét fp cho dung khudt, Cée thiét Igp nay anh huongduimg khuét khi ban thye hign Ignh Hide hoe ya chon Hidden cia Igoh Shademode. Centre (ety Clee tevin Fa [De ene pie Ummm ry So Fe i CeCe es Hinh 1.2. Hop thogi Hidden Line Setings ‘Vi du ban c6 thé gin dang dubng DASHED cho tat cd duong khudt m6 h 3D nhur sau es Hinh 1.3. Hién thj cdc dicdng khudt Déng cia sh Render Khi t6 bang tgo hinh «nh, ban ¢6 thé dong Render window bang ech chon vo niit Close (hinh 1.4),Hinh 1.4 vé cde mé hinh 3D. Ban v8 2D 1a tip hop ede doan thing va dudng cong (duing tron, cung tron, clip,...) nam trong mat phing XY. Trong ban vé 3D ta thém vao truc Z, Lich sit phat trién mé hinh 3D gém 4 thé hé dir ligu CAD bit dau tir vige tao mat 2% chiéu, sau dé li dang khung day (wireframe), mat cong (surface) va cu6i cing 1A mé hinh khdi rin (solid), Mé hinh 2% chieu Mé hinh 2% chiéu duge tao theo nguyén tic kéo cic déi tog 2D theo true Z thanh ede mat 2 % chiéw Mo inh khung diy (wireframe modeling) Hinh 1.5. Khung day 12 lines Mé hinh dang khung day bao gdm cae diém trong khéng gian va cc duéng, thing hoge cong néi ching lai véi hau. MO hinh dang khung day nhw hinh 1.5 bao gim 12 canh (edge ~ cdn goi la dudng sun hay dudmg bién). Cac mat khong duge to nén va chi c6 cde during bién, mé hinh nay chi e6 kich thude cde eanh nhung khong e6 thé tich (nhur mgt cong), hoe khdi Iuong (nh solid). Toan bo cde déi trong cia mé hinh déu duge nhin thay (hinh 1.5).M6 hinh mat cong biéu dign di twong t6t hon mé hinh khung day vi cde canh ciia mé hinh khung day duge trai bing mat duge dinh nghia bing cae cing thite ton he. MAES WTS WZ Hink 1.6. Mo hinh mat cong ‘M6 hinh mat cua hop chi nhat gidng nhw mot hdp rng, cd ede canh va cée mat nhung bén trong thi rng. Mé hinh mat c6 thé tich nhung khéng ¢6 khéi Iugng. M6 hinh dang nay ¢6 thé che cdc durimg khudt va t6 bong (hinh 1.6), Mo inh solid (solid modeling) M6 hinh solid (khdi rin) 1a m6 hinh biéu dién vat thé ba chiéu hoan chinh nat, M6 hinh nay bao gdm c canh, mat va ed die diém bén trong. Ding cae lenh cit solid ta e6 thé nhin thay toan b6 bén trong mé hinh. Mé hinh dang nay 6 thé tinh thé tich va tinh ede dge tinh vé khdi luong. Mo inh solid cua AutoCAD c6 cu trie CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry). Trong AutoCAD cac solid li cée d4i tugng cia AutoCAD va co cau tnd goi la ACIS, Solid 6 céu trtic ACIS con goi 8 m6 hinh lai (Hybrid modeler) ‘nd dy ti hai dang dt ligu chit yéu € mo ea hinh lsd Tigu khong gan hin hoe (G ba ymetric spatial data) va di ligu lign két topo (Topographic data). khdng gian hinh hoc m6 ti mé hinh theo gidi han cia két edu solid gidng nhur tao cée solid da hyp cdu tric CSG ciia AutoCAD. Dir ligu fi kat topo hay edn goi la biéu dién bién (B-rep) diing dé tao cée mat Indi da gic. Mo jinh dang khdi da hgp (complex solid) la sw két hop cae solid co sé (nh box, cylinder, wedge, sphere...) bang cdc phép dai s6 boole (cng, trir, giao). M6 hinh 3D dang mat cong va solid c6 thé che eée mat khudt bang lénh Hide va tao anh that bing cach t bong bing nh Render hoc Shademode (hinb 1.7),AutoCAD a) Sau khi Hide b) Sau khi Render Hiah 1.7. Hinh chia song song Trong AutoCAD 6 thé quan sit inh chigu song song (hin 1.7) va hinh chiéu phéi canh mo hinh 3D véi vat ligu va hinh anh 1.4. Cae phuong phip nhip toa 49 diém trong khéng gian ba chigu Néu trong ban vé hai chiéu (2D) ta chi nhéip toa a9 X va Y, thi trong ban vé ba chiéu (3D) ta nhdp them toa 46 theo truc Z. Hudng true Z vudng gée voi mat phang XY va tuan theo quy tae ban tay phai (hinh 1.8 ~ ngén edi truc X, ngén tro Pr true ¥ vir ngén gitta true Z). Zl Hinh 1.8. Qui whe ede srue toa dp theo qui tic ban tay phi Bigu twong xuit hign duGi phia tréi man hinh 43 hoa goi la User Coordinate System Icon (hinh 1.9 a). Trén biéu tugng nay chi thdy truc X va Y, Khi thay dai diém nhin bing lénh Vpoint cé.gid tri z khdc 0, ta quan sat duge true Z (hinh 1.9¢),* a) b) ° Hinh 1.9. UCS va true Z qui sede Dé nhép toa d6 mot diém vao ban ve ba chigu ta e6 5 phutong phép sau day: ~ True tigp dling phim chon (PICK) cua chudt X,Y,Z Nhap toa do tuyét doi ~ Toa dd tuyét ddi so voi gée toa 46 (0.0.0). @X,Y,Z Nhap toa dd so véi - Toa d6 trong di diém duge xée dinh ‘cudi cing nhat. Nhip vio khoang eich (dist), g6¢ (angle) ‘rong mét phing XY so véi true X va cao 6 Z so v6i diém duge = Toadé try tuwomg di @distangle, Z : xie dinh cudi cing hit trong bin v3 Nhip vio khodng ech (dist), g6e (angle) trong mat phing XY = Toa dé cau trong déi @dist Cie Iya chon Toa d§ X,Y, Z (Weetor) Nhap toa d6 diém nhin, Néu hinh chiéu true do déu (isometric) la -1, -1, 1 thi Toado 0.0.1 Hinh chiéu bing (Top) 0,-1.0 Hinh chiéu dimg (Front) -1,0,0 Hinh chiéu canh (Side)Dimetric Trimetric Rotate Xae dinh vi tri diém nhin bing cae géc quay Command: Vpoint 1 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : (Gée diém nhin so véi true X trong mat phiing XY), Enter angle from XY plane Hinh chiéu bing theo Curent UCS, UCS va WCS Top Biém nhin (0, 0, 1) Hinh chiéu bing Bottom Biém nhin (0, 0, -1) Hinh chiéu tir day Left Diém nhin (1, 0,0) Hinh chiéu canh trai Right Big nhin (-1, 0, 0) inh chigu canh pha Front iém nhin (0, -1, 0) Hinh chiéu ding Back Diém nhin (0, 1, 0) Hinh chigu tir mat sau SW Isometric Diém nin -1,-1, 1) Hinh chiéu true do SE Isometric biém nhin (1, -1, 1) NE Isometric Biém nhin (1, 1, 1) Hinh chiéu trac do NW Isometric Dim nhin (1, 1,1) Hinh chigu tre do SW —huéng Tay Nam. SE ~ huéng Dong Nam. NE ~ hung Dang Bie. (W — huéng Tay Bic. -10-Thitt ké ma hinh 3 bing AutoCAD Hinh 1.11. Hop thoai Viewpoint Presets 1.6. Tgo ee khung nhin tinh (Ignh Vports) Lénh Vports ding dé phan chia man hinh thanh nhiéu khung nhin, cée Khung nhin nay ¢6 kich thude ¢6 dinh nén c6n goi la khung nhin tinh, Ta ¢6 thé 2oi lenh tir View menu (hinh 1.12). J oi 4] as 9) | a rl E hi 4) ol Hinh 1.12. Lénh Vports tren View menu Command: -Vports J Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/Single/?/2/3/4] <3>: (Lua chon hoe hap Enter). leHinh 1.13. Tao 4 khung nhin tinh va chon khung hign hénh Téi da trén man hinh ta tao duge 16 khung nhin, Trong cée khung nhin duge tg0 ta chi e6 mOt khung nhin 18 hign hh, Ta chi thuc hign duge cée lénh AutoCAD trong khung nhin hign hank, Muén cho khung nhin nao la hign hanh ta dua mii tén vao khung nhin d6 va nhan phim chon (phim trai cia chudt), khi 6 trén khung nhin nay s€ xuat hign hai sgi t6c va con chay (cursor), Khung nhin hign hanh e6 dudmg vién dim hon ede khung nhin khée (hinh 1.13). Cie Iya chon Save Ghi cd hinh khung nhin v6i mot tén (16i da 31 ky tu): Command: -Vports -! Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/Single/?/2/3/4] <3>: S Enter name for new viewport configuration or [2]: (Tén etta khung nhin hode nhgp ? néu muén ligt ké cdc cau hinh khung nhin da c6). 'Néu nhap ? sé xuat hign dong nhac sau: Viewport configuration(s) fo list <*>: (Nhép vao tén céu hinh khung nhin hoe ENTER). Restore Goi Iai tén m6t cdu hinh khung nhin da ghi: Command: -Vports 1 Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/SIngle/?/2/3/4] <3>: Rl -12-Enter name of viewport configuration to restore or [2]: (Tén ci hinh cin goi). Delete Xa mGt edu hinh khung nhin da ghi Join Két hop khung nhin hién hinh véi mOt khung nhin khée voi diéu kign 1a hai Kthung tgo thanh mot hinh chi nhat. Command: -Vports J Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/Single/?/2/3/4] <3>: I 4 Select dominant viewport <>: (Chon khung nhin chink), Select viewpoint to joint: (Chon khung nhin ean két hop). Single CChuyén khung nhin hign anh thanh khung nhin duy nbét trén man hink Ligt ké cdc cdu hinh khung nin 43 d3t ten. 2 Chia khung nhin hign hanb thanh 2 khung nho hon, Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/Single/?/2/3/4] <3>:2 1 Enter a configuration option [Horizontal/Vertical] : (Hat khung nhin thang dig hode nim ngang). 3 Chia khumg nhin hign hah themh 3 khung nhin nd. (4) <3>: 34 Enter an option [Save/Restore/Delete/Join/Single/?/2/ Enter a configuration option [Horizontal/Vertical/Above/Below/LefRight] Horizontal Ba khung nhin nim ngang Vertical Ba khung nhin thing dirmg, ee Mot khung nhin lin phia trén, 2 Khung nhin nho phia dudi Below MOt khung nhin lén & dui, 2 khung nhin nko & trén Left Mét khung nhin 1én bén trai, 2 khung nhin nhé bén -B-phai M6t khung nhin Ién bén phai, 2 Khung nhin nho bén trai Right ‘Chia khung nhin hign hanh thanh 4 phan bing nhau. Khi thye hign Kénh Vports ta c6 thé tao cic khung nhin tir hép thoai Viewports (hodc Ia chon New Viewport... tir View mena) cho phép ta chon cée dang céu hinh khung nhin khdc nhau. Ta e6 thé thiét lap vi tri cdc hinh chiéu theo tigu chuiin B (hinh 1.14). Mest Hinh 1.14, Hop thoai Viewports 1.7. Quan sit hinh chiéu bing (Iénh Plan) Khi thye hign Ignh Plan sé hign lén hinh chiéu biing theo diém nhin (0, 0, 1) cée d8i tugng cia ban v8 theo mot hé toa 46 ma ta dinh (hinh 1.15), “y a 4) Tred ki Plan ) Sau khi Plan theo WCS Hinh 1.15 Command: Plan 14.Enter an option [Current ues/Ucs/World] : (Chon h@ truc toa 46 ef the hign hinh chiéu bang). Cie Iya chon: Current ues H¢ toa d6 hign hanh Ves Hé toa d6 da ghi trong ban ve World He toa d6 gde 1.8. Lénh View Dang lénh —View hoc View dé tao céc phin hinh anh ciia bin v8 hign hanh. Command: -" Enter an option [?/Orthographie/Delete/Restore/Save/Ues/Window] Cf Iya chon: Save Luu lai anh dang hign hanh trén man hinh duéi dang mét anh e6 tén. Command: - Enter an option [?/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ues/Window]: § 1 n). Enter view name to save: (Nhép tén etia anh tir ban phi Restore Goi Ini phin anh 43 duge dat te. Enter an option [2/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ues/Window]: Rl Enter view name to restore: (Tén eta phitn anh cin goi lai. Delete Xa mGt phan anh da duge dat tén ra khoi ban vz, Hign danh sich tn cde anh eta ban ve Window Luu phan anh durge xée dinh bang mot khung cia s6, Command: - jew 1 Enter an option (2/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ues/Window]: W +4 -15-Enter view name to save: (Tén cia phin Spee st corner: (Xe dinh diém goc thir nhat ctia khung eira Specify opposite corner: (Xae dinh diém woe d5i dign ciia khung ctia Orthographic Hién thi eéc lua chon hinh chiéu cho view. Command: -View 1 Enter an option [2/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ues/Window]: 0! Enter an option [Top/Bottom/Front/BAck/LeftRight]: (Nhap lya chon cde hhinh chiéu hoe ENTER). [Renee tg iene: Ver Hinh 1.16. Hop thoai View ta nhp tir bin phim Ignh View hose chon tir View menu s8 xuat hign hép thoai View (hinh 1.16). Trong hép thoai nay ta ¢6 thé thye hign cée che ning cua lgnh~ View nu ké ra 6 tren, 1.9. Che eae nét khudt (Iénh Hide) Lénh Hide ding dé che ede nét khudt eta efe m6 hinh 3D dang mgt cong hoge solid Command: Hide -1 Khi sir dung lenh Hide, néu bién INTERSECTIONDISPLAY gin ON thi giao tuyén gitta céc mat cong sé dugc hién thi la cdc pline (hin 1.17). -16-a) OFF b)ON Hinh 1.17. Bién INTERSECTIONDISPLAY Néu bién HIDETEXT gan la OFF thi khi thyc hign lénh Hide bé qua céc dong text nhumg cde dng text vin hién thi trén man hinh, 1.10. Lénh Rengen, Regenall, Redraw, Redrawall Lgnh Redraw, Redrawall Ve lai ede di twang trong khung nhin hign hanh, Lénh nay ding dé xéa cée dau +” (goi li ede Blipmode) trén man hinh. Command: Redraw (hoe R 4) Néu mudn xéa cde déu “+ trén tt ca ede Khung nhin ding [enh Redrawall Lonh Rengen, Regenall ic Oi tugng trén khung nhin Lénh Rengen tinh ton va tii tgo Iai toan bo hign hanh. Khi ti tao s@ ep nhat todn b6 bién da thay trong ban ve. Lénh Regenall tinh ton va tai tgo Iai toan b6 céc adi tong trén tat ca cae Khung nhin cia man hinh (khi sir dung Ignh Vports dé tao cdc khung nhin trén man hinh). Khi tai tgo s@ cap nhgt todn b6 ede bién da thay ddi trong ban ve. -17-Chuong 2 HE TOA DQ VA PHUONG PHAP NHAP DIE! 2.1, Cae hg toa d9 trong ban vé AutoCAD Trong ban v8 AutoCAD tn tai hai hé toa do: WCS (World Coordinate System) va U S (User Coordinate System), WCS tén tai trong bit ky ban ve AutoCAD. Ta cé thé tao va liru (save) nhiéu UCS trong mét ban vé, UCS gitip ta the hign ban vé ba chigu duge dé dang hon, Tuy nhién cing mt lic ta chi c6 ‘mot trong hai hé toa dé WCS hoae UCS [a hign han, WCS la hé toa d6 mie dinh trong ban vé AutoCAD c6 thé goi la he toa a6 géc, Biéu tuong (icon) cha WCS nim 6 géc trai phia dudi ban ve va ¢6 chit W xudt hign trong biéu trong nay. Tay vao trang théi ON hoje OFF cia lénh Uesicon ma big tugmg nay 66 xuit hign hay khong. HE toa d@ nay 66 dinh va khong thé dich chuyén, UCS 18 hg toa 9 ma ta ty dinh nghta, hg toa dO nay e6 thé dat 6 vi wi ky ‘va tly vao diém nhin (viewpoint) biéu twong ctia ching st hign Ién khdéc nhau. S6 lugng UCS trong mét ban vé khéng han ché, mit phiing XY trong cdc hé toa 46 goi la mat phing vé (Working plane). Phuong chiéu cia lrsi (GRID), bude nhay con chay (SNAP) thay déi theo ede truc X, Y trong mat phiing XY ctia hé toa do hign hanb, UCS c6 thé tgo theo cae Iya chon cita Iénh UCS, Gia tr) toa dd X,Y xuit hign trén dong trang thdi (phia trén, bén phdi man hinh) 18 toa d6 cia con chey (giao diém hai sgi t6c) trong mat phang XY so véi g6c toa do ciia UCS hign hanh, Théng thuémg trong bin vé 3 chigu X 1a chigu dai (Length), Y 1a chigu rOng (Width), Z 18 chidu cao (Height). 2.2, Qui tite ban tay phai ‘Trong chung 1 ta da biét: xée dinh chiéu cia cde true X, Y, Z trong AutoCAD tuan theo qui tée bin tay phai (ngén edi 1a true X, ngén tro 1a true Y va ngon gia 1a truc Z). Chiéu quay duong theo nguge chiéu kim déng hd (Counter Clock-Wise) nhin tis dinh truc vé phia goc toa dé. 2.3. Lénh Uesicon -18-Lénh Uesicon digu khién sy hién thi cia biéu urgng toa d6. Néu biéu tugng xuat hign dau “+”, tring vai gée toa do tai diém (0, 0, 0) thi trén biéu tugng s hoc 3Dorbit) Khi quan sit hinh chiéu phi canh (Iénh Ds tugng he toa d@ ki mot hinh chop cut e6 day la hinh vuéng. Command: Uesicon 1 Enter an option [ON/OFF/AI/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] : (Chon Iya chon), ON/OFF ‘M/ tit bigu twang tga d6 trén man hinh va trén khung nin, All ‘Thé hign biéu tung toa 46 trén moi Khung nhin man hinh, Noorigin Biéu tong toa dQ chi xudt hign gbe tri man hinh, Origin Bigu tugng ludn ludn di chuyén theo gée toa dé (diém 0, 0, 0 ca UCS).. AutoCAD hién thj ede biéu tuyng UCS khée nhau trén paper space va model space, Trong ca hai tring hop, diu cong “+” xudt hign trén bieu tuong khi biéu tung nay dang nam 6 gc toa dé cita UCS hign hanh, Chit cai W xuat hign 6 huéng Y ca bigu tong néu nhu UCS hign han la hg toa d6 gb (WCS). Tir AutoCAD 2002 khi thy hign Ignh Uesieon con e6 lua chon Properties. Néu chon Iya chon nay s® xudt hién hdp thoai UCS Jeon (hinh 2.1). Trén hop thoai nay ta gan cdc tinh chat hién thi eda biéu tung toa dé. Command: Uesicon -1 Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] : P -1 Hinh 2.1. Hop thogi UCS Teon -19-Cac Iya chon trén hop thoai UCS Icon UCS ex Style Chi dinh sur hién thi cia biéu tong toa d6 2D hot 3D va sy xuit hign cia ching, 2D Hién thi 2D icon khong c6 truc Z (hinh 2.2a), 3D Hién thj 3D icon (hinh 2.2b, c). ‘Néu ta chgn 3D icon thi hién thi mai tén 1a mat cn cho cae Cone truc toa dé X va Y (hinh 2.2c). Neu khéng chon cone thi biéu twang e6 dang hinh 2.2b. ine wian PIE hid chiéw ring nét ea UCS icon néu chon 3D UCS icon. Cac lia chon €6 thé 181, 2 hoae 3 pixels. v Zz z i Y SL x ‘~- x » a) 2D icon b) 3D icon c) 3D icon, Cone Hinh 2.2 Preview Hin th hinh anh 08 thé xem trade tn model space. ucs Teon size Digu khién kich thuée cia UCS icon theo phan tram déi vi kich thude viewport. Gié tri mic dinh 1a 12, gid tri ndy c6 thé thay dai trong khoang tir 5 dén 95. Cha y ring kich thude ciia UCS leon ty Ié vi kich thude cia viewport ma trén 46 ehiing hién thi. uc Icon color Kiém tra mau cia UCS icon trén model space va trén layout. Kim tra miu cia UCS iocn trén model space Model Space Icon Color viewports Layout Tab foon Color Kiém tra mau cia biéu wrong UCS tnén layout 24, Tao hg toa d9 méi -20-Lénh UCS cho phép ta lip hé toa dG méi, Tao hé toa do méi e6 nghia [a thay ddi vj tri géc toa d6 (0, 0, 0), husng mat phing XY va truc Z, Ta c6 thé tao UCS méi tai bat ky vj tri ndo trong khéng gian ban v@, dinh nghta, lwu va goi lai he toa d6 khi can thiét. Toa do nhap vao ban vé phy thude vao UCS hign hanh, ‘Néu ta chia man hinh thanh nhigu khung nhin tinh (lénh Vports) thi ching co ciing mot UCS. Ta cd thé goi lénh tir UCS toolbar, tir Tools menu hose tir bin phim, mot s6 Iva chon goi tir UCS II toolbar (hinh 2.3), Hinh Command: Ues «1 Enter an option [New/MovelorthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/DeV/Apply/?/World] <...>: (Chon cde hia chon). Cae Iya chon New Dinh nghia hé truc toa d6 méi theo mot trong séu la chon: Command: Ues «1 Enter an option [New/Movve/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/? World) <...>: NA Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/FaceView/X/VZ] <0,0,0> Origin -21-Tao UCS méi bing cach thay ddi géc toa d6, phuong cl khong thay dai, Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/? World] <...>: Nal Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/XV/Z] <0,0,0> on Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: (vi tri méi ctia g6c toa d6).. ZAxis ‘Xée dinh gée cia hé 19a 45 (orgin) va phuong chigu cia trye Z (Zaxis), mat phing XY vudng géc véi truc nay Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/Move/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/2/ World] <...>1 Nd Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3poinvOBject/Face/ViewX/¥/Z] <0,0,0> ZAs Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: (Chon mot diém lim gée toa 46). Specify point on positive portion of Z-axis <...>: (Chon mot diém d@ xée dink phuong true Z). Spoint HE true toa d9 mai xée dinh qua ba diém, Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/MovelorthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/ World} <..>: Nd Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>: 3 4 Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: (Chon mét diém lim géc toa dd). Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <...>: (Chon diém dé xée dinh phusomg true X). -22-Specify point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <...>: (Chon diém dé atc dinh phurcmng true Y). View Hé toa dé moi s8 song song véi man hinh cé diém géc tring véi diém gée hg toa d9 hign hank. Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <...>: N ol Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3poin/OBject/Face/View!XIV/Z] <0,0,0>: val XIVIZ Quay he toa a9 xung quanh cée true X (Y, Z) hin hank. Chiéu dung cia gée quay nguge chiéu kim ding hd vai diém nhin tir dau truc vé huéng géc toa 6. Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/MovelorthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <..>: Not Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3poinOBject/Face/iew/X/VZ] <0,0,0> X(Y24 Specify rotation angle about X axis <...>: (G6e quay chung quanh truc X hode Y hoge Z). Gia tri g6c quay ta c6 thé nhap bang s6 tir ban phim hodc chon hai diém. Object ‘Dua hé toa dé tring v6i he toa do quy ude cita déi tugng duge chon, Command: Ues +4 Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] < Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3poin/OBject/Face/iew/X/VZ] <0,0,0> Ba Na Select object 10 align UCS: (Chon d6i tugng dé dis hé tya d6). -23-Sip xép UCS theo face duge chon ciia déi tong solid. Bé chon face ta chon canh bién iia face hoe mgt diém trén mat Command: Ues -1 Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphie/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/? World] Fa Select face of solid object: (Chon mat solid). Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] ben cant iccept>: (Chon lya chon: Next ~ chon mat Xflip (Yflip) ~ quay chung quanh true X (Y) mot gée 180"). Move Dinh lai UCS bing cach chon gée toa do méi hodc thay déi Zdepth (cao 46 Z) ea UCS hign hanh, hudng cia mat XY khéng thay doi, Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/Move/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/ World] <..>: Md Specify new origin point or [Zdepth]<0,0,0>: (Chon diém hoBe nhap Z). Cée Iya chon New origin Thay dai gic toa d6 cia UCS. Zaepth Dinh khoang ich doc truc Z dé dai g6e toa 46. Command: Ues -1 Enter an option [New/MoveforthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/2/ World] <..>: Mal Specify new origin point or [Zdepth]<0.0,0>: Z| Specify Zlepth<0>: (hap khoang eich va ENTER), Lua chon Move cia Iénh UCS khong thé them mot UCS vao danh sich Previous. orthoGraphieChi dinh mét trong 6 mat phang chiéu vudng g6e eo ban caa UCS. Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphic/Prev/RestoreSave/Del/pply/?/ World] <..>: GA Enter an option [Top/Bottom/Front/BAck/Lef/Right]: (Nh&p la chon hoge nhin ENTER). ‘Theo mat dinh husmg ciia 6 mat phing chiéu vudng gée theo WCS. Bién UCSBASE la bién he théng xe dinh UCS ma dya vio né ede mat phing chiéu ‘vudng g6e due thiét lap. Gée toa 46 hoge eao 49 Zetia cde mat ehigu UCS c6 thé thay di bing Iya chon Move cia Ignh UCS. Prev Tro vé hé toa d6 trude dé (66 thé goi Iai 10 hé toa dé da sit dung trede dé). Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore’Save/Del/Apply/?/ World] <..>: Pl Restore Goi lai tén mot hé toa 46 da durge ghi tré thanh hign hanh, Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Mo ve/orthoGraphic/Prev/RestoreSave/Del/Apply/?/ World} <...>: RA Enter name of UCS to restore or [2]: (Tén cia hé toa 46 edn go). Néu muén xem 06 bao nhiéu hé toa do ma ta da ghi trong ban vé, tai dong. nde nay ta nhap ?. Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphic/Prev/RestoreiSave/Del/Apply/?/ World} <..>1 Ra Enter name of UCS to restore or [2]: 2 a4 Enter UCS name(s) to list <*>: (Nhap * hoa ENTER néu muén ligt ké toan 69). Del Xéa mot UCS da durge hu (save).Command: Ues +1 Enter an option [New/Mo ve/ortho Graphic/Prev/Restore/Save/DeV/Apply/2/ World] <..>: Dal Save Luu hé ta dé hign hanh bing mot tén Command: Ues +4 Enter an option [New/Mo velorthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/2/ World] <..>: SA. Enter name to save current UCS or [2]: (Ten cia hé toa 49 ein twa la). Apply Gan thiét lip UCS cho viewport rigng lé hofic toan b6 cde viewport khi ma cée viewport khée 6 UCS Khe nhau duye ghi trén viewport. Bién UCSVP xée dinh UCS e6 duuge ghi trén viewport hay khong. Command: Ues J Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore’Save/Del/Apply/?/ World] <..>1 Aa Pick viewport to apply current UCS or [All] : (Chi dinh viewport bing cach nhiip mot diém bén trong, Nhép A hoge ENTER). Viewport Gan UCS hign hanh cho viewport chi dinh va két thie Iénh UCS. All Gan UCS hign hanh cho tit ca UCS durge kich hoat. Command: Ues 4 Enter an option [New/Movelortho Graphic/Pre/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/ World] ! Mol Pick viewport to apply current UCS or [All]: (Nhap cao 9 cho d6i tugng sip ve). Specify new default thickness <...>: (Nhap 46 day cho d4i tugng sip vé). Cac déi tugng 6 thé kéo thanh mgt 3D gdm cé: line, arc, circle, donut, pline, 2Dsolid, pline 6 chigu rong 4P Oo eGo Hinh 3.2. Cév méit 3D kéo tir déi trong 2D theo rue Z Khi gid tri bién ELEVATION khéc 0 thi mat phing Km vige (Working plane) sé niim song song mat phing XY va cich mit phing nay ‘mot khoang bing gid tri cba bién ELEVATION. 3.2. Mit phiing 3D @Dface) [Menubar | Towtbar | Nip iu Draw/Surface>3D Face ‘Surfaces 3Dface Hinh 3.3. Ctich tao mat phiing bing lénh 3Dface -29-Lénh 3Dface tg0 ie mat 3D e6 bin hoge ba canh. Mi mat duge to béi lenh 3Dface i mot ddi tung dom, ta khéng thé nao thyc hign lénh Explode pha vir cée Adi tong nay (hinh 3.3). Command: 3dface 1 Specify first point or [Invisible]: (Chon dim th nhat P; cia mat phing). Specify second point or [Invisiblep: (Chon dim this hai P; cua mat phiing). ‘Specify third point or [Invisible] : (Chon diém this ba P, cia mat phing). Specify fourth point or [Invisible] : (Chon diém thir tu P, hay nhn ENTER tgo mat phing tam gic). Specify third point or [Invisible] : (Chon tiép diém thit ba mat phing ké Ps hode ENTER). Specify fourth point or [Invisible] Ege Surfaces Edge Lénh Fdge ding dé che hoie hign ede canh eiia 3Dface (hinh 3.4), Command: Bdge Specify edge of Bdface to toggle visibility or [Display]: (Nhap D hoe chon eanh cin che, vi du canh PsP, —hinh 3.4). Specify edge of 3dface to toggle visibility or [Display]: (Chon canh tiép theo hode ENTER dé ket thite lénh). Ps a) Trude khi Edge ) Sau khi Edge Hinh 3.4 =30-(Cée Iya chon Specify Edge Chon canh cin che, ding nhic nay sé xuat hign lién tue cho phép ta chon nhigu canh khée nhau. Khi két thie 1gnh nhén ENTER, Di Lam hign lén cde canh durge che khudt. Néu ta mudn cho cae canh nay hign Jén thi ta chon d4i tugng tai cde dong nhiie xudt hign sau a6. Command: Edge «1 Specify edge of 3dface to toggle visibility or [Display]: Det Enter selection method for display of hidden edges [SelectAll] : (Chon timg d6i turgng hoge mudn hign lén tat ca thi nhin ENTER). 3.4, Cae mt cong 3D co’sé (Ignh 3D). DrawiSurface™3D objects... | Surfaces SD hoe A Cie d8i tung mt 3D (3D eo 86) duge tgo theo nguyén the tgo eae Khung day va ding lénh 3Dface dé tao cic mat tam gide va ti gic. Khi phd vo mé hinh dang nay bing lénh Explode ta thu durge cée mat 3.4 canh va cdc dutng thing rigng bigt. Do dé véi céc mat nay ta chi ¢6 thé dimg céc phurong thitc bat diém déi v6i cde dogn thing ciia cde mat nhu: MIDpoint, INTersection, ENDpoint, Cée mat 3D co sé 6 thé ta0 tir cde Iénh Ressurf va Tabsurt, Hinh 3.5. Cae mat 3D cos: -31-tugng mat cong 3D eo sé (hinh 3.5): Box (mat hop cho nhat), Cone (mat nén), Dome (mat nita cau trén), Dish (mat ntta cau dui), Mesh (mat ludi), Pyramid (mat da dign), Sphere (mt ciu), Torus (mat suyén) BE thue hign vige tao cde d6i tugng 3D ta c6 thé goi hop thogi 3D Objects tir Draw menu hoe thye hign Iénh 3D hode ede Iénh riéng 16: AI_Box, AL_Cone, Al_Dome, sh, AI_Mash, AL_Pyra ALS AL_Torus, AL_Wedge (AI cé nghia Ia AutoCAD Index). Khi tao cde mat 3D co phere, so cin chi ¥ dén vi ti ede diém. Lénh 3D duge viét bing ngdn ngit Autolips, do dé ta khng sir dung duge Ienh “CAL dé nhap toa d6 di Command: 3d «1 Enter an option(Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge] (Ta c6 thé tgo ede m6 hinh mat theo dong nhie nay). 3.4.1. Mit hop chit nhit Box (Ignh Al_Box) Sit dung lénh Box ciia Kenh 3D hode lénh AI_Box dé tao céc mat hinh hop char nhat (inh 3.6), Hinh 3.6. Mat hop chit nhat Command: 34 «1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: Bl Specify corner point of box: (Chon diém g6c trai phia dudi cia hép). Specify length of box: (Nnap chik Specify width of box or [Cube]: (Nhép dai hop theo true X). rong hép theo true Y) -32-Specify height of box: (Nh4p chiéu cao hp theo true Z). Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference]: (Nhap g6c quay quanh truc song song véi tryc Z va di qua diém comer point of box. 3.4.2. Mit hinh ném Wedge (Ignh Al_Wedge) Sit dung lénh Wedge cua Ignh 3D hode [gah Al_Wedge ding dé to mat hinh ném (hinh 3.7). Ry Hinh 3.7. Mat hinh ném Command: 34 «! Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: W +4 Specify corner point of wedge: (Chon dim ede phia trai bén didi hinh ném). Specify length of wedge: (Nhap chiéu dai h6p theo tryc X). Specify width of wedge: (Nhap chiéu rong hp theo trye Y). Specify height of wedge: (Nhap chiéu cao hop theo true Z) Specify rotation angle of wedge about the Z axis: (Nhap g6c quay quanh truc song song véi true Z va di qua diém comer point of wedge. 3.43. Hinh da dign Pyramid (lénh Al_Pyramid) Sit dung Iénh Pyramid cia Ignh 3D hod Iénh A\ (hinh 3.8). 'yramid dé tao hinh da dign Command: 34 4! Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: P | Specify first corner point for base of pyramid: (Biém thir nhdt B, cia day), Specify second corner point for base of pyramid: (Biém thir hai B; cts dy). Specify third corner point for base of pyramid: (Diém this ba B, cua day), -33-Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Top}: (Toa d6 dinh P cia da dign ~ hinh 3.8¢, R (Ridge) néu dinh 1a canh — hinh 3.86, T (Top) dinh 1a mat tam gide hode tir gide —hinh 3.8a), Bs 8 8 . 3 7 a) Top by Ridge >: 8B By 8, ©) Apex point Hinh 3.8. Hinh da dién 6 méit déy les mat pheing te ide Néu din li mt canh (Ridge -hinh 3.8). Command: 3d 1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidiSphere/Torus/Wedge]: P | Specify first corner point for base of pyramid: (Biém thir nhdt B, cia day), Specify second comer point for base of pyramid: (Biém thir hai Bs cia day) Specify third corner point for base of pyramid: (Diém thit ba By cia day). 34Specify fourth corner point for base of pyramid or [Tetrahedron]: (Cho diém thit tu By dé tao day da gide 1a mat phang tir gidc, néu nhap T th: ). Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Top]: R =! day 1a mat phing Specify first ridge end point of pyramid: (Diém thir nhat Ry cia canh). Specify second ridge end point of pyramid: (Diém thit hai Rs cia canh), 1Néu inh 14 mat tam gide hove tt gide (Top -hinh 3.8). Command: 3d «1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidiSphere/Torus/Wedge): P -1 Specify firs Specify second comer point for base of pyramid: (Diém thir hai Bs cua day) ‘corner point for base of pyramid: (Diém thit nha B, eta d4y) Specify third corner point for hase of pyramid: (Diém thir ba By ciia day). Specify fourth corner point for base of pyramid or [Tetrahedron]: (Cho diém thit tu By dé tao day da gide li mat phiing tir gide, néu nhdp T thi day 1a mat phing ). Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Top]: T +l. Specify firs Specify second corner point for top of pyrami tam gi ‘corner point for top of pyramid: (Diém 7, cia mit dinh). I (Diém Tz ca mat dink). Specify third corner point for top of pyramid: (Diém T, cha mat dinh). Specify fourth corner point for top of pyramid: (Diem Ts cia mat dinh). ‘v6i mat tam gife ta thye hign theo cée bude hong ty. Tir eée mo inh trén ta nan thay mat hp chit nhat la truong hop dac bigt ciia Pyramid khi mat day va mat dinh cia Pyramid 1a hai hinh chit nhat bing nhau va ¢6 céie mat ben vung géc vii mat diy. 3.44. Mat nita clu du6i Dish (Ign Al_Dish) Sit dung lénh Dish cilaIgnh 3D hode Iénh AL_Dish dé tgo mat nita cau dui (hinh 3.9), Command: 3d «1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge}: DY 1 -35-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Specify center point of dish: (Tam mat chu) Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: (Ban kinh hoe dang kinh mat cu). Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16>: (Nhap sé dudmg kinh tuyé Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8>: (Nhap 86 dudmg vi tuyén, Hinh 3.9. Mat mira cau deecsi 3.4.5. Mat mia ctu trén Dome (Ignh Al_Dome) Sir dung Iénh Dome ciia 1énh 3D hog Iénh AI_Dome dé tgo mat mita clu trén (hin 3.10), Hinh 3.10. Nita mat edu trén Command: 34 «1 Enter an option {[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidiSphere/Torus/Wedge}: DO =! Specify center point of dome: (Tam cia mit clu) Specify radius of dome or [Diameter]: (Ban kinh hodc duimg kinh mat edu), Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dome <16>: (Nhap sb duimg kinh tuyén). Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dome <8>: (Nhip sb duong wituyén), 3.4.6. Mit clu Sphere (Ignh AL_Sphere) ‘Sir dyng Iénh Sphere cia Iénh 3D hoac lénh AT_Sphere dé tao mat nia cau trén (hinh 3.11). Command: 3d «1 Enter an option -36-[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidSphere/Torus/Wedgt Specify center point of sphere: (Tim eita mat cu) Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: (Ban kinh hoge dueng kinh mat cau). Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (Nhfp sé duimg kinh tuyén). Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (Nhap sé dung vi tuyén). Hinh 3.11. Mat edu 3.4.7. Mit xuyén Torus (Ignh Al_Torus) Sit dung Ignh Torus ciia Kénh 3D hode Ignh AL_Torus dé tao mat xuyén (hinh 3.12), Hinh 3.12, Mat xuyén Command: 34 «1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidSphere/Torus/Wedge]: T | Specify center point of torus: (Tam cisa Bt xuyén), Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: (Ban kinh hoe duéng kinh vong ngodi xuyén) Specify radius of tube or [Diameter]: (Bin kinh hoic duéng kinh cia éng xuyén, Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: (S6 cae phan doan trén mat dng). -3T-md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>: (Sé céc phn doan theo chu vi mat xuyén). Cha §: Chi v8 duxge mat xuyén khi bin kinh cia Sng (Radius of tube) nhs hon Ys ban kinh xuyén (Radius of torus). 3.4.8, Mat non Cone (lgnh AI_Cone) Sir dung lénh Cone cia Kénh 3D hose lénh AI_Cone dé tao mat nén (hinh 3.13) a) Mat nén b) Mat tru ©) Mat nén cut Hinh 3.13, Ce dang mat nén Command: 3d 1 Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidiSphere/Torus/Wedge]: T 1 Specify center point for base of cone: (Tam cia vng day mat nén). Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: (Bin kinh hoe duimg kinh vong day mat nén). Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] <0>: (Ban kinh hoje duimg kinh vvang dinh mat nén cyt — hinh 3.13c, néu gid tr nay bing 0 thi ta c6 mat nén — hinh 3.13a, néu bing gid tri ving tron day thi ta c6 mat try tron —hinh 3.136). Specify height of cone: (Chiéu cao nén). Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>: (Nhap s8 duémg chay néi hai mat dinh va day). 3.4.9, Mit rdi Mesh (Ignh Al_Mesh) Sit dung I¢nh Mesh ctia Ignh 3D hoac lénh AT_Mesh dé tao mat luéi ba (hinh 3.14), Cin xée dinh 4 dinh va nhép mat 46 M, N eta ludi (M, N nim trong khodng 2 dén 256). hi Command: 3d 38Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/PyramidiSphere/Torus/Wedge]: M Specify first corner point of mesh: (Chon diém P; cia lui). Specify second corner point of mesh: (Chon diém P, cia lus). Specify third corner point of mesh: (Chon diém Ps cia lui). Specify fourth corner point of mesh: (Chon diém Py cha hud), Enter mesh size in the M direction: (Mat 46 lus theo canh P,P.), Enter mesh size in the N direction: (Mat a6 luéi theo canh P)P,), Hinh 3.14. Mat bedi -39-Dé Dice Trung Thiét ké mé hinh 3D bing AutoCAD Chuong 4 MAT LUOEDA GIAC 4.1, Tao mt Coons (Ignh Edgesurf) [Menubar «| Toolbars = Np mh | Drawisurfaces>Edge Surface | Surfaces ————S*~*~*«~Céigesrf COONS surface) theo 4 eanh bién cé dinh tring nhau. Cac canh nay ©6 thé Ia line, are, 2Dpline, 3Dpoly, Lénh Edgesurf ding dé tao mat luéi spline,... Canh du tién duge chon xée dinh chigu M cia lui (mat dQ lui theo hudmg M — bién SURFTABI), canh duge chon thir hai ~ chigu N (mat 46 ud theo hung N - bién SURFTAB2). Tuy vio gid tri cde bién nay ta thu duge cée ‘mat khae nhau (hinh 41. Surfiabl = 6 Surfiabl = 4 Surfiab2 = 16 Surfiab2 = 8 a) Trrie Edgesurf a) Sau Edgesurf Hinh 4.1. Mat cong COONS Command: Rdgesurf Current wire frame density: SURFTABI=4 SURFTAB2-8 Select object I for surface edge: (Chon can 1), Select object 2 for surface edge: (Chon canh 2). Select objeet 3 for surface edge: (Chon ean 3) Select object 4 for surface edge: (Chon canh 4). 4.2. Tao m§t tron xoay (Ignh Revsurf) Menu bar Toolbars Nhgp leah Drawiourface>Revolved Surface | Surfaces Revsurf Sir dung Ignh Revsurf d& tao mit tron xoay (hinh 4.2) bing edch xoay mot duémg cong phing (d6i tweng 2D goi 1A duéng cong tao dang mit ~ object to revolve) chung quanh m6t truc xeay (Axis of revolution). Mat 46 lu6i durge dinh -40-béi bién SURFTABI, SURFTAB2. Dé higu chinh Indi ta ding lénh Pedit, khi thye hign I¢nh Explode thi mat h6i bi pha var ra cée mat phing 3 canh hoje 4 canh. 1 — Object to revolve 2 Anis of revolution Hinh 4.2, Mat tron xoay SURFTAB1=6, SURFTABI=8 Command: Revsurf «1 Current wire frame density: SURFTABI=6 SURFTAB2 Select object to revolve: (Chon dudng cong 1 tao dang mat tron xoay, duéng cong nay cé thé la are, line, circle, 2Dpline, 3Dplinc). Select object that defines the axis of revolution: (Chon true xoay 2 1a line, 2Dpline, 3dpline, Spline), Specify start angle : (Vi tri bit du mat tron xoay), Specify included angle (+ ww, -ew) <3600>: (Gée xoay eta path curve chung quanh tryc xoay, chiéu dong nguge chiéu kim ding hd). 5.3. Tgo mt ké (Ignh Rulesurf) Menu bar Toolbars hip Hen Drawisurfaces>Ruled Surface | Surfaces Rulesurf ‘Sir dung Ignh Rulesurf tao mit Ké gitta hai duing bign duge chon, mat nay C6 cde dudmg ke 1a dudng thing, Mat d@ Indi (s6 eée dudmg ke) duge dinh béi bin SURFTABI (hinh 4.3). Command: Rulesurf Current wire frame density: SURFTABI~6 -41-Select first defining curve: (Chon duong bién 1), Select second defining curve: (Chon dusmg bién 2). 1 O Mt) > Ve b) Mat cong deve tao eee Dudng bién (Defining curve) c6 thé Ia: line, are, circle, 2Dpline, spline, 3Dpline hoae 3Dspline. M6t trong hai dudng cong cé thé la mot diém. Neu mot Defining curve la mot duéng kin (pline kin, circle,...) thi dong kia cing phai la eo nae es a eee ee Defining curve sé khic nhau néu chiéu dai ciia cde Defining curve nay khéc nhau, 5.4, Tao mit try (Ignh Tabsurf Menu bar Toolbars hip Hen Drawiowrfaces>Tabulated Surface | Surfaces Tabsurf Lénh Tabsurf ding dé go mat ludi tru theo hinh dang cia dudng chun (path curve) quét doc theo vée to dinh huéng (direction vector). Mat 46 lui (s6 duéng sinh) dinh bing bign SURFTABI (hinh 4.4). Command: Tabsurf -1 Current wire frame density: SURFTABI=6 Select object for path curve: (Chon duéng chuan dinh dang mit try: o6 thé la line, are, circle, 2Dpline, 3Dpline,ellipse,...). Select object for direction vector: (Chon vée to dink hung: line, 2Dpline, 3D pline mo). -42-= 2 Z/ 2 / / 4a) Chon Path curve 1 va Direction 2 4) Sau Tabsurf Hinh 4.4, Mat leéi tru Néu ta chon 2Dpline ho’e 3Dpline mé tai dong nhie Select object for direction vector thi vée to dinh huéng sé la dung thing di qua diém diu va diém cudi eta pline. Mat urge tao bit dau tr path curve 1 theo chiéu tir diém eu cia vée terdin hiréng gin diém 2 nhaChuong 5 CAC PHEP BIEN HINH BA CHIEU 5.1, Phép quay chung quanh true (Ignh Rotate3D) Menu bar Toolbars ‘hip Hen Modifi/AD Operation> Rotate3D RoraieD Sir dung lénh Rotate3D dé quay ede d6i tong quanh mot true (hinh 5.1). Command: Rotate3d Select objects: (Chon cae doi twong can quay). Select objects: (Chon tigp cae déi tng can quay hoge nhén ENTER dé két thie vvige chon déi twong). Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: (Chon diém dau tién cia truc quay hod sir dung céc Iya chon). Specify second point on axis: (Chon diém thir hai cha truc quay). Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Nhap gid tri géc quay hoge nhap R dé xe inh géc tham chiéu) 90" Rotation angl 4) Trude Rotate3D b) Sau Rotate3D Hinh 5.1, Quay adi tang 3D chung quanh mot true (Ce Iya chon trye quay 2points ‘Truc quay di qua hai diém | va 2 (hinh 5,1). Chiéu duong géc quay theo guge chiéu kim dang hd khi nin tir diém 2 hudng vé diém | ObjectTrue quay 1a mt déi twgng 2D: line, are, circle hoe 2Dpline, Néu déi turgng fa line hoe phan doan thing cua 2Dpline thi truc quay chinh ta doan thing nay. Cdn néu ddi tugng la duéng tron, cung trdn hoe phén dogn cung tron ciia pline thi truc quay s@ 1a dung thing di qua tim vi vuong 6c véi mat phing chita cung hode dudng tron. Command: Rotate3d Select objects: (Chon cae ddi twong can quay). Select objects: (Chon tigp cic d6i trong can quay hoge nhan ENTER dé két thie vvige chon déi tugng). Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/ViewXaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: O Select a line, cirele, arc, or 2D-polyline segment: (Chon duimg thing, duémg tron, eung hay mot phan doan cia pline). Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Nhap gi i gc quay hoe nhap R inh géc tham chié Last Khi ta chon Iya chon nay thi ta quay cdc di tong chung quanh true quay cia Iénh Rotate3D thye hign trude d6, Néu trude 46 ta khong thye hign lénh Rotate3D thi dong nhc chinh xuét hign tra Iai. Command: Rotate3d Select objects: (Chon cée d6i tugng cin quay). quay hoe nhdn ENTER dé két thie Select objects: (Chon tigp cic doi trong vige chon di twang) Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: Vo Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Nhap gid tri géc quay hose nhap R dé xée tinh g6e tham chiéu), View Truc quay la dong vuéng gée véi man hinh va di qua diém chon tao dong nhée (*). -45-Command: Rotate3d 1 Select objects: (Chon cée 46i tugng cin quay). Select objects: (Chon tip cde 44i twong can quay hoge nhdn ENTER dé két thc vige chon di tuong). Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: V Specify a point on the view direction axis <0,0,0> (*): Chon diém ma truc quay ‘vung gée visi man hinh di qua. Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Nhap gid tri g6c quay hode nhap R dé xc inh gée tham chiéu) Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis Truc quay ld trye X (Y hode Z) hoge song song v6i true X (¥ hoe Z) va di qua diém ma ta xée dinh tai dong nhac (**), Command: Rotate3d Select objects: (Chon eée d6i tugng cin quay). quay hoac nhén ENTER dé két thic Select objects: (Chon tigp cée d6i tong vige chon di twong). Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/ViewXaxis/Vaxis/Zaxis/2points]: XJ (¥ J hoe Z) Specify a point on the X axis (**): (Xéc dinh diém ma true quay di qua). Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Nhép gid tri géc quay hode nhdp R dé xe inh gée tham chiéu) Lua chon Reference dé xée dinh ac quay: Command: Rotate3d 1 Select objects: (Chon ede 46i tugng cin quay). Select objects: (Chon tiép cde 4i tuong can quay hoge nhdn ENTER dé két thie vige chon di twong) Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/View/Naxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: (Ding cdc la chon da néu 6 trén) Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: RSpecify the reference angle <0>: (Géc tham chiéu e6 thé 1a tri s6, ¢6 thé chon hai diém xic dinh gée hoge ding lénh “CAL) Specify the new angle: (Gia tri goc quay méi) 5.2, Phép d6i xing qua mit phiing (Iénh Mirror3D) ‘Menu bar Toolbars hip ak Modi7iD Operation= Mirrors WirorsD Sir dung Iénh Mirror3D dé tao cdc di tugng moi adi ximg vai cde 44: tugng ¢6 sin duge chon qua mat phing di ximg (hinh 5.2) Mat phang adi xing a RS we 4) Trude Mirror3D b) Sau Mirror3D Hinh 3.2. Phép d6i xing qua mat phang xdc dinh biing ba diém Command: Mirror3D -1 Select objects: (Chon cée 46i tugng cin ly 44i xing). Select objects: (Chon tiép cée 4d tuong cin Ky di xting hoge nhin ENTER dé két thite vige chon di tuomg). Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XV/YZ/ZX/3points] : (Chon diém dau tién 1 tia mat phing d4i ximg hogc sit dung cac Iya chon), Specify second point on mirror plane: (Chon diém thir 2 eiia mat phiing d6i xing) Specify third point on mirror plane: (Chon diém thit 3 cua mat phing d6i ximg) Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (Nhin Yu 48 x6a cae 46i tuong 44 chon hoge nhin Nj dé git Iai ede d6i tong a6). Cae Iya chon dé xe djnh mit phing déi ximg 3points -4T-Mat phing di ximg duge xac dinh boi ba diém (hinh 5.2). Sau khi chon ‘mat phing déi ximg thi mat phang 46 s€ duge sit dung tam thai lam mat phing XY va bit dau thyre hign lénh, Object Mit phing d6i ximg ld mat phing chia di trong duoc chon, Command: Mirror3D 1 Select objects: (Chon céc déi tong cin lay Adi ximg). Select objects: (Chon tiép céc déi tugng can lay déi xing hoge nhdn ENTER dé ket thie vi Specify fi [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/NY/YZIZX/3points] <3points>: O 4 c chon di tugmg), ‘point of mirror plane (3 points) or Select a circle, arc, or 2D-polyline segment: (Chon cung, dudng tron hoe phn doan la cung tran cita pline). Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (NI 1 dé x6a céc 461 tugng da chon hoje nhin N.tdé git Iai ede dbi trong 46). Last Khi chon Last ta sir dung lai mat phing di xing cua Ignh Mirror3D thre hign true a6. Néu tre 46 chura thy hign [énh Mirror3D thi xudt hién lai dong hie chinh. Command: Mirror3D Select objects: (Chgn cée déi tugng cin y di ximg). Gi xting hoae nhan ENTER dé Select objects: (Chon tiép cée d6i tugng can lay két thie vige chon d6i tong). Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or [Object Last’Zaxis/View/XV/YZIZX/3points] <3points>: Ll Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (Nhin Y.1 dé xéa céc di tugng 48 chon hoje nhin N.ldé git Ii eae d5i tong a6). Taxis Mit phing déi xiing la mat phing XY vudng g6c v6i true Z ma ta sé xée dinh bing hai diém theo dong nhic (*) va (**). 48 -Command: Mirror3D 4 Select objects: (Chon cée 48i tuyng cin léy d6i ximg). Select objects: (Chon tiép cdc déi trong can lay déi xtng hoge nhdin ENTER dé két thie vige chon d6i tugng). Specify first point of mirror plane 3 points) or [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZIZX/3points] <3points: Z Specify point on mirror plane (*): (Chon mt diém Lim géc toa 49). Specify point on Z-avis (normal) of mirror plane (**): (Chon mot diém dinh chigu cua true Z). Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (Nhin Y.1 dé xéa cée di tuong 4 chon hod nhdn Nel dé gi View Iai cae di tuong 46), ‘Mat phaing déi ximg song song v6i mat phing man hinh tai diém nhin hign tai va di qua diém chon tai dong nhac (***), Command: Mirror3D 1 Select objects: (Chon cae d6i tuwgng can Kay di ximg). Select objects: (Chon tiép céc d6i tugng can lay déi xing hoge nhdin ENTER dé kkét thie vige chon adi trong). Speeify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/NV/YZIZX/3points] <3points>: V -l Specify point on view plane <0,0,0> (#**): Chon diém ma mat phing d6i ximg song song véi man hinh sé di qua. Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (Nhin Y.s d6 x6a cée di trong 48 chon hode nhdn N.i dé gitt Iai cae Adi tong 6). XYNVZIZX Mat phang déi xing song song véi mat phing XY (YZ. hoae ZX) va di qua mot digm ma ta chon, Command: Mirror3D Select objects: (Chon cae d6i tugng ean Kiy di ximg). -49-Select objects: (Chon tiép cée 461 tung cin ly d6i xting hoge nhiin ENTER dé két thiie vige chon déi tugng). Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZIZX/3points] <3points>: XY «1 (hode YZ 4 ho’e 7X 3) Specify point on XY plane <0,0,0>: (Toa do diém ma mat phang déi ximg song song véi mat phiing XY sé di qua), Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (Nhin Y-1 dé xéa ede d6i twong 48 chon hoge nhin Nui dé git Iai ci a turgng d8), 5.3. Sao chép day cdc di twgng (Ignh 3Darray) Menu bar Toolbars ‘hip ah “Modijy3D Operation> 3Darray BDarray Sir dung lénk 3Darray ding dé sao chép ce d6i twgng ra diy dang hin chir nhat (Rectangular ~ theo hing (rows), ¢6t (columns), lép (levels)) hose nam chung quanh m@t duéng tim (Polar), cdc d6i tugng nay nam trong khong gian ba chiéu. Tuong ty Iénh Array trong m§t phing 2D ta chia lénh 3Darray thanh Rectangular 3Darray va Polar 3Darray. 53.1. Rectangul 3Darray Sir dung dé sao chép cac déi tugng duge chon think day v (ov), s6 e6t (columns), s6 Kp (levels) aht dink (hinh 5.3) 4a) Treéee 3Darray 5b) Sau 3Darray Hinh 5.3. Rectangular 3Darray -50-Command: 3Darray Select objects: (Chon cée 48% tuyng cn thy hi sao chép theo day), Select objects: (Chon tiép cic ddi tung hoge nhin ENTER dé két thie viée chon i neon), Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] : Rl Enter the number of rows (---) : (Nhap s6 hang). Enter the number of columns (\\|) <1>: (Nhap s6 ct) Enter the number of levels (..) <1>: (Nhap 86 \ép) Specify the distance between rows (---): (Nhap khong eich gitta cée hing). Specify the distance between columns (\\\): (Nhap Khoding céich gitta cée e6t), Specify the distance between levels (..): (Nh¥ip khang céch gitta cdc lép), ‘Tren hinh 5.3 ta thy hin sao chép solid trye thanh 2 (2 rows) hang 3 c6t (3 columns) va 2 lép (2 levels). 5.3.2. Polar 3Darray Lya chon nay dé tao 54). chung quanh mgt dung tam (hinh Hinh 5.4. Polar 3Darray Command: 3Darray Select objects: (Chon cic déi tugng edn thye hig sao chép theo day). Select objects: (Chon tiép cdc a ENTER dé két thiie viée chon. trong hoge ni 6i trong). Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] : P 1 Enter the number of items in the array: (Nhép sb bin ci sao chép) -51-Specify the angle 10 fill ( a d6i tuong dau tién va déi tong cudi cing, c6 gid tr] am (-=w) néu cing chiéu kim déng ho, c6 gid tri duong (+=w) néu nguge chiéu kim dang ha). Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <¥>: (Cé quay cée déi tugng khi sao chép hay khong). Specify center point of array: (Chon diém thir nhat trén truc quay). ‘pecify second point on axis of rotation: (Chon diém thir hai trén true quay). Tren hinh 5.4 ta sao chép day céc hinh ciu véi 20 ems, Angle to fll ta 360°, sip xép chung quanh mot dudng tim, -52-Chuong 6 ‘TAO MO HINH 3D SOLID (SOLID MODE! LING) 6.1. Tao cée min (lgnh Region) ‘Menu bar Toolbars Tah DrawRegion Draw Region Mién 1a mét solid khdng c6 khdi lrgng. Dé to mién ta chi cn vé mot ddi tugng 2D sau d6 ding lénh Region dé tao mién. Command: Region 4 Select objects: (Chon cée 46i tugng can tgo thinh mién. Select objects: (Chon tiép céc di tong cin tao thanh mién hote nhin ENTER dé két thite vige chon d6i tugng), Khi tgo mign ti ede di tong 2D en hu ¥: chi tao doe mién tir cde di tuong 2D khi ede d6i tryng 2D to thinh mét ving khép kin (hinh 6.1¢), khong €6 ede nét giao nhau (hinh 6.1a), khOng c6 ede doan thita (ba via) (hinh 6.16). PA EA Hinh 6.1 6. ‘Tao cae solid co sé trye tiép Ta c6 thé tg0 céc solid eo so mét cach try tiép bing ede Iénh: Box (khéi chit nhat), Cone (khéi non), Cylinder (khéi try), Sphere (khéi wu, Torus (khéi xuyén), Wedge (khoi hinh ném). Khi tao solid co sé ta nhap lénh hoa goi tir Draw menu muc Solid (hinh 6.2). Cée lénh tgo solid co 6 tong tur nhur ede {gnh to ede mat cor sé. 6.2.1. KhOi chi nhgt (Igmh Box) wu bar ‘hip leah Box Draw/Solick/Box -53-md hink 3D bing AutoCAD i i f of / Hinh 6.2. Draw mem: va Solids toolbar Sir dung Iénh Box dé tao kh6i chit nhat (hinh 6.3), Command: Box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém géc thir nhat cua duémg chéo kh) Specify comer or [Cube/Length] (**); (Chon diém géc déi dign ciia duong chéo. kndi). Lya chon CEter tir dong nhac (*) Command: Box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>(*): CE 4 = 54-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Specify center of box <0,0,0>: (Chon tam khéi) Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (**); (Chon diém géc déi dign ciia duimg chéo khdi) Céic Iya chon tir dong nhiic (**) Cube Lua chon nay dé tao khéi lap phuong. Command: Box + Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém gée thir nhat cua duémg chéo khdi hoe nhap CE dé chon tam khéi) Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (*): C +4 Specify length: (Chiéu dai canh cia khdi lip phuong). Length Lua chon nay dé vé khdi hép theo chiéu dai cae canh, Command: Box Specify corner of box or {CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém g6e thir nhat cua duimg chéo khdi hoge nhap CE dé chon tim khéi) Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (*#): Ll Specify length: (Chiéu dai khdi hép theo phuomg truc X). Specify width: (Chiu rong khdi hop theo phuong true Y). Specify height: (Chiéu cao khdi hop theo phurong true Z). 6.2.2. Khoi hinh ném (Ignh Wedge) Menu bar Toolbars Nip Hah DrawiSolick/Wedge Solids Wedge ‘Sir dung lénh Wedge dé tao khdi hinh ném (hinh 6.4), Command: Wedge +1 Specify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém gée mit dy khdi ném trong mat phiing XY). Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (*): (Chon diém géc di dign cia mat day Khoi ném trong mat phing XY). Specify height: Chiéu cao khdi ném, Lya chon CEter tir dong nhac (*) -55-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD s ON Hinh 6.4. Khéi hinh ném (Wedge) Command: Wedge -1 Specify first comer of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): CE 4 Specify center of wedge <0,0,0>: (Chon tim khéi). Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (**): (Chon diém géc déi dign cua mat day khdi rném trong mat phing XY). Specify height: Chigu cao khdi ném, Cac Iya chn tir dong nhac (**) Cube Lya chon nay 48 ve khdi ném of ba canh biing nhau, Command: Wedge «1 Specify first comer of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém goc mat dy khdi ném trong mat phing XY hode nhap CE dé xéc dinh tim mat day khdi ném). Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (**): C -4 Specify length: (Chiéu dai canh khoi ném). Lenth Lia chon nay dé ve khdi ném theo kich thurée 3 canh, Command: Wedge «1 Specify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0> (*): (Chon diém ge mat dy khdi ném trong mat phing XY hode nhap CE dé xéc dinh tim mat day khdi ném). = 56-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Specify corner or [Cube/Length] (**): LJ Specify length: (Chiéu cao khdi ném theo phwong truc Z). Specify width: (CI Specify height:(Chiéu dai khdi ném theo phurong truc X). 6.2.3. Khdi nén (Ignh Cone) rong khéi ném theo phuong true Y). Menu bar Toolbars ‘Nivip Wea DrawiSoick/Come Solids Cone ‘Sir dung lénh Cone dé tao kh6i nén cd mat day la circle (hinh 6.5a) hoae ellipse (hinh 6.5b). a » Qo Hinh 6.5. Cée dang khéi nén Command: Cone «1 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>(*): (Chon diém tim day n6n hinh tron) Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: (Nhap in kinh duimg tron dy nén hode nhap D dé nhap duémg kinh dumg trin day nén)., Specify height of cone or [Apex] (**): (Chiéu cao hinh nén). Lia chon Elliptical 6 ding ahde (*) Lya chon nay dé v@ hinh nén ¢6 day nén 1a hinh elip. Command: Cone 1 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>(*): Bl Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: (Diém mit thir nhit trén mét true cia elip hose nhip C dé chon tam cia elip day nén). -ST-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone: (Biém miit thir hai trén {rye cia elip ma ta vita xée dinh diém mit thir nhdt). Specify length of other axis for base of cone: (Chiku dai nita tryc thirhai cia elip) Specify height of cone or [Apex](**): (Chiéu cao nén) Lara chon Apex tir ding nhc (**) Lya chon nay dé vé hinh nén nim ngang, thing dimg hodc nim nghiéng. (hinh 6.5e), Command: Cone «1 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>(*): (Ding cée Iva chon da trinh bay 6 trén), Specify height of cone or [Apex] (**): A al Specify apex point: (Binh cita khdi nén) 6.24. Khoi try (Ignh Cylinder) Menu bar Draw/Solick/Cyinger ‘Toolbars Solids Nha Henk ilinder Sir dung lnh Cylinder dé tao khdi try c6 day [a circle (hinh 6.6a) hose ellipse (hinh 6.66). a » o Hinh 6.6. Cie dag Khdt ara Command: Cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for base of cylinder or (Etliptical] <0,0,0>(*): (Chon diém tim day try hinh tron). Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: (Nhép ban kinh ho%e nhap D 8 nhap ducing kinh day try). 58Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Specify height of eylinder or [Center of other end](**): (Chiéu eao khéi tru), Lya chon Elliptica tir dong nhac (*) Lyra chon nay dé vé khdi tru c6 day la lip (hinh 6.6) Command: Cylinder 4 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for base of evlinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>(*): E Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder or [Center]: (Biém mit thit nat trén mOt true ctia elip hoge nhap C dé chon tim cita elip day try). Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of eylinder: (Diém mit thtt hai trén truc cia elip ma ta vira xc dink diém mit thir nhat) Specify length of other axis for base of eylinder: (Chieu dai nita truc thir hai cua clip). Specify height of eylinder or [Center of other end] (*): (Chhiéu cao khdi try). Lya chon Center of other end tir ding nhiic (**) Lya chon nay 48 vé khéi try nim ngang, thing dimg hoc nim nghiéng (hinh 6.6). Command: Cylinder 4 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=8 Specify center point for hase of eylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>(*): (Disng cée Ira chon da trinh bay 6 trén), Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: C «4 Specify center of other end of cylinder: (Toa d6 tam mat dinh try). 6.2.5. Khdi clu (Ignh Sphere) Menu bar “Toolbars ‘hip Henk Draw/Solich/Sphere Solids ‘Sphere Sit dung lenh Sphere dé tao Khoi chu (hinh 6.7) -59-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Command: Sphere 1 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=12 Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: (Tam khi edu). Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: (Nhép ban kinh khdi cau hoge nhap D sau d6 nhdp dong kinh khdi ci) 6.2.6. Khoi suyén (igh Torus) ‘Menu bar “Tootbars ‘hip Ten DrniSolide Fars Solid Tout ‘Sw dung lénh Torus dé vé khdi xuyén (hinh 6.8). @) Torus radius b) Torus radius ©) Torus radius > Tube radius = Tube radius < Tube radius Hinh 6.8. Khéi xuyén Command: Torus «1 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=12 Specify center of torus <0,0,0>: (Tam khéi xuyén). Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: (Nhép bin kinh hodc nhip D sau dé nhap dudng kinh xuyén, ld khoang céch tir tim xuyén dén tim dng). Specify radius of tube or [Diameter]: (Nhap bin kinh hoge nhap D sau dé nhap duéng kinh dng), Khi vé khdi xuyén cin Iuu y ~ Néu Torus radius > Tube radius ta ¢6 khi ~ Néu Torus radius = vuyén nhu hinh 6.8a, ‘Tube radius ta c6 khdi xuyén nhw hinh 6.8b. ~ Néu Torus radius < Tube radius ta c6 khdi xuyén nhw hinh 6,8c. 6.3. Quét bién dang 2D (Ignh Extrude) ‘Menu bar Toolbars ‘Nhip Hen DrawiSoick/Exirnde Sods Buirude ‘Sir dung Ignh Extrude dé quét bién dang 2D theo truc Z hole theo dang dan thanh 3D solid (hinh 6.9). Cac d4i twong 2D e6 thé quét thanh 3D solid bao -60-dm: pline kin, polygon, circle, ellipse, spline kin, donut, region,..Cée pline khéng duge c6 cac phan doan giao nhau. So dinh toi thiéu cua pline la 3 va toi da 1a 500. Néu pline © chigu rong (width) thi s® quét theo dung ‘Néu d6i urgng c6 THICKNESS thi ki quét THICKNESS = 0. da tuyén, oy Circle Polygon Pline ») Extrude véi Taper angle = 0? Extrude véi Taper angle = 5° Hinh 6.9. Quét déi teong 2D thémh 3D theo truc Z Command: Extrude -! Current wire frame density: ISOLINES Select objects: (Chon d6i tugng 2D ein quét thinh 3D), Select objects: (Chon tigp cac d6i tugng 2D can quét thanh 3D hoje nhan ENTER dé két thie vige chon déi trong). Specify height of extrusion or [Path] (#): (Chiéu cao theo true Z). Specify angle of taper for extrusion : (Nhap géc vudt la géc gitta mat solid ‘va mat phiing vudng géc voi mat phiing XY. Néu géc vudt duong thi s@ vudt vao trong, néu gée vudt am thi vudt ra ngoai). ‘Lya chon Path tgi dong nhac (*) Lia chon nay dé vudt bién dang 2D theo dumg din (Path) (hinh 6.10). -61-oy a) Tri Extrude b) Sau Extrude Hinh 6.10. Quét ede déi neomg 2D theinh khéi 3D theo ating dan Command: Extrude J Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=12 Select objects: (Chon d6i tugng 2D can quét thinh 3D. Trén hinh 6.10 déi tong 2D ean chon a1, 2). Select objects: (Chon tiép céc d6i tugng 2D can quét thank 3D hogc nhan ENTER dé két thie vige chon di tung), Specify height of extrusion or [Path] (*): P ol Select extrusion path or [Taper angle] (*#): (Chon dudng din path). Lyra chon Taper angle tai ding nhiie (**) Lyra chon niy dé tao gc vuét cho khéi 3D khi kéo Adi tung 2D thinh 3D theo dudmg din (hinh 6.11). oS @) Tredc Extrude b) Sau Extrude Hinh 6.11. Quét ede déi tegng 2D thank khéi 3D theo ding dain Command: Extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=12 Select objects: (Chon déi tugng 2D can quét thanh 3D)Select objects: (Chon tiép i tugng 2D can quét thanh 3D ho&e nhan ENTER dé két thiie vige chon d6i cae turgng). Specify height of extrusion or [Path] (*): Pl Select extrusion path or [Taper angle] (**): T 4 -62-Specify angle of taper for extrusion <>; (Nhap g6e vudt), Select extrusion path: (Chon durimg din). uimg din (path) e6 thé li: line, are, citele, pline 2D, spline, slipse,. Duin din va bién dang 2D khong thé thuge cing mt mat phing. 6.4. Tao solid tron xoay (Ignh Revolve) Menu bar Toolbars Nhip DrawiSolick/revolve ‘Sohds Revohe Sir dung Iénh Revolve dé tao solid tn xoay bing eich quay mot d6i wrong, 2D (profile object) chung quanh truc xoay (axis of revolution). Déi tugng 2D cd thé quay bao gdm: circlr, region, ellipse, spline kin hoje 2D pline kin e6 s6 eanh tir 3 dén 300 (hinh 6.12). Didu cha ¥ 18 profile object va axis of revolution khong duge giao nha. 2 4a) Treie Revolve b) Sau Revolve Hinh 6.12 Command: Revolve 4 Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=12 Select objects: (Chon Aéi tugng 2D cin xoay thanh 3D. Trén hinh 6,12 di tung 2D edn chon 11) Select objects: (Chon tiép cdc 46i twgng 2D can xoay thanh 3D hoae nhan ENTER dé két thic vige chon Adi tuomg). Specify start point for axis of revolution ordefine axis by [ObjecvX (axisy/¥ (axis)](*): (Diém thir nhat trén truc xuay — truc 2) Specify endpoint of axis: (Diém thir hai trén tryc xuay — true 2) Specify angle of revolution <360>: (Gid tri gée xoay). Cac Iya chon tir dong nbc (*) dé chon tryc xoay Object -63-Chon m6t déi tugng lam truc xoay: line hoe phan doan thing ciia pline, Command: Revolve «1 Specify start point for axis of revolution ordefine axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)J):0 Select an object: (Chon a6i twang lim truc xoay). Specify angle of revolution <360>: (Gié ti g6e xoay) X (axisy¥ (axis) Truc quay li true X (howe true Y), Command: Revolve -1 Specify start point for axis of revolution ordefine axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)}(*): X «1 (hose Y =) Specify angle of revolution <360>: (Gié tri g6e xoay). Gée xoay duong la gée theo nguge chiéu kim ding hd khi nhin tir diém cudi dén dim: iu cita axis of revolution Sir dung lénh Revolve ta ¢6 thé tao cic solid co sO nhu: Sphere (khdi cau), Cone (khdi nén), Torus (khdi xuyén), bing céch xoay nita hinh tron, tam gide vudng, mot dudng trdn chung quanh mot true 6.5. Cac phép toan dai sé bole cho solid: cong (Union), Trir (Subtract), giao (intersect) 6.5.1. Cong cée solid (Ignh U Menu bar Toolbars Nip ifn “ModijSoli EaltingUnion Solid Eating Trion Lénh Union ding dé tao ce region hode solid da hgp bing phép cong cae solid hoi region thanh phn (hinh 6.13) Command: Union + Select objects: (Chon cae di tugng 2D cin cng véi nhau). Select objects: (Chon tiép cée d6i trong 2D cin cong hose nhin ENTER dé két tic).a) Treée Union ) Sau Union Hinh 6.13 6.5.2. Trir ede solid (Iénh Subtract) ‘Menu bar “Tootbars ‘hip Hen “Mack fpSolid Eaiing>Subiract Solid Bang Sibirace ‘Sit dung lénh Subtract dé tao solid hode region bing phép trir ede solid hofe region thanh phan (hinh 6.14), > & a) Treéc Subtract b) Sau Subtract @ Hinh 6.14 Command: Subtraet 4 Select objects: (Chon cac 46i tugng bj trir, déi trgng 1 trén hinh 6.14a, déi trong box trén hinh 6.14b), Select objects: (Chon tigp cde doi turgng bj trit hode nhap ENTER dé két thie vige chon déi tiwong bi tri). Select solids and regions to subiract: (Chon déi tugng trir, d6i tugng 2 trén hinh 6.14a, déi tuong cylinder trén hinh 6.140). -65-Select objects: (Chon tiép cae di tugng trir hoe nhap ENTER dé kit thie). 6.5.3. Giao cée solid (Ignh Intersect) Menu bar Toolbars Tat ModifySolid Eahiing>Inierseci ‘Solid Editing Tatersect ‘Sit dung Iénh Intersect dé tao cdc solid hode region bing phép giao cde solid hoe region thanh phan (hinh 6.15). A a Q a) These Intersect b) Sau Intersect Hink 6.15 Command: Interseet 4 Select objeets: (Chon cae 4éi tugng cin Kay phan giao) in Kdy phn giao hoe nhip ENTER dé Select objects: (Chon ti ket thie), ce d6i trongChuong 7 HIEU CHINH MO HINH SOLID (gah Chamfer) Toolbars Ni ign Modif Chemfer Menu bar ModifivChenter ‘Sir dung Ignh Chamfer dé vat mép eae a8i trong 2D hode solid. Lénh nay ) hode tir (subtract) vi sé tur dng tao ra mt solid phy va sau d6 s@ c6ng (union: solid ma ta chon canh dé vat (hinh 7.1, 7.2). Lénh Chamfer tro gitip qué trinh toa mé hinh solid, thay thé cho ede Iénh tgo solid hinh ném (wedge), tao solid nén i SBS & 5) Sau Chamfer cut, 4) Traéte Chamfer Hinh 7.1. Vat mép solid bang lénk Chamfer Command: Chamfer (NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist! = 10.0000, Dist2 Select frst line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUttiple]: (Chon eanh 10,0000 cit solid ch vat mép), Base surface selection. Enter surface selection option [NexwOK (current)] : (Chon mot canh et inh mat chun, mat nay hign lén dudng nét khudt, Vi canh 1a giao tuyén solid dé ciia hai mat, do dé néu dong ¥ mat hign lén dwong nét khudt thi nhan ENTER, con kh6ng nhap N (Next) dé chon mat con Iai. -61-Specify base surface chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Khoang each vit mép mat chun). Specify other surface chamfer distance <10.0000> (Khodng, eich ben). mép mit Select an edge or [Loop]: (Chon canh ean vit mép trén mat chun). Select an edge or [Loop]: (Chon tiép cée canh trén mat chuén hog chon ENTER). Cée Iya chon Select an edge ‘Chon canh can vat mép trén mat chuan (base surface), Loop Lua chon nay cho phép vat mép toan b6 cae canh ciia mat chuan durge chon, Command: Chamfer Seleet an edge or [Loop]: Ls Select an edge loop or (Edge): (Chon mot eanh trén mat chun). Select an edge loop or [Edge]: -| Lia chon Edge cho phép tré lai phuomg thite chon timg canh véi dong, hie: “Select an edge or [Loop]”. 7.2. Tao gée lngn, bo tron cée egmh (Ignh Fillet Menu bar Toolbars Nhgp If Modif Fillet Modify Filler Sir dung lénh Fillet ding dé tao g6e lum (cho giao tuyén lm) va bo tron let, Auto (cho giao tuyén 18i). Khi thy hign Ignh "AD sé ty déng tgo them solid co sé phy va s8 eng (union) hode tnt (subtract) solid eo sé may véi solid ‘ma ta chon canh tao gée Iugn (hinh 7.2). Command: Fillet 1 Current settings: Mode = NOTRIM, Radius = 10.0000 Select frst abject or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple}: (Chon mot canh cia solid). Enter fillet radius <10,0000>: (Nhép gi tri ban kinh fille) 68 -Select an edge or [Chain/Radius}: (Chon giao tuyén 46 fillet), Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: (Tiép tue chon, chon xong nhin ENTER). a) Trude Fillet b) Sau Fillet Hinh 7.2. Cée canh duege bo tran vas tao gée lyn bing lenh Fillet Céie Iya chon a Lua chon nay cho phép fillet mot loat canh lién tiép nhau, ede canh duye chon dé fillet tao thanh mot chudi (Chain). Néu chudi rd ring thi ta chi cdn cde canh cudi va AutoCAD sé ty dong tim mét chudi cdc canh lién tigp nhau ndi cée canh cudi nay (hinh 7.3). @) Trebe Fillet by Sau Fillet Hinh 7.3, Fillet cdc canh lién tiép ctia solid Command: Fillet Select an edge or [Chain/Radi Select an edge chain or [Edge/Radius]: (Chon anh eudi hoe cde canh lien tiép cua chudi. Select an edge chain or [Edge/Radius]: 7.3. Cit solid thanh hai phan (Ignh Slice) Menu bar ‘Toolbars Nh Kink Draw Solid Tice Sold ‘TiceLLénh Slice dng dé eit tich mt sold thinh hai sold riéng bigt (hi 7.4), Lénh nay sit dung trong vige tao ede mé hinh 3D ¢6 hinh dang die bigt. Khi cit ta c6 thé gift Iai ca hai hoc chi mGt solid duge tgo thanh. crop @ Tred khi Slice b) Trong khi Slice ©) Sau khi Slice Hink 7.4. Ct solid béng lénh Slice Command: Slice «1 Select objects: (Chon déi tugng can cit). Select objects: l Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] : XY J (Chon mat phing cit, theo c: Iya chon twong tt chon mat phang d6i ximg (mirror plane) cua Ignh Mirror3D). Specify a point on the VZ-plane <0,0,0>; (Chon mét digm ma mat phing cit di qua). Specify a point on desired side of the plane or (keep Both sides}: (Chon mat diém tren solid cin gif lei hode nhép B dé git Iai cé hai phan. 7A. Vé mit phing cit solid (nh Section) Menu bar Toolbars ‘Nivip leah Draw Solid Section Solid Section Sir dung Iénh Section dé tao mOt mign (region) la giao cua solid va mat phiing cit (hinh 7.5). Mat phiing nay sé nm trén Isp hign hanh. Command: Seetion Select objects: (Chon solid muén tg0 mit cit), Select objects: -10-Specify first point on Section plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/Spoints] : YZ. 1 (Xéc dinh mat phiing dé ve mat cit, theo eéc Iya chon twong ty chon mat phing d6i ximg (mirror plane) cia Iénh Mirror3D), Specify a point on the YZ-plane <0,0,0>: (Chon mot diém ma mat phing cit di qua). Ta c6 thé str dyng cdc nh Copy hoge Move mat cit vira tgo. Hink 7.5. Tao mat cit bang lénk Section 7.5: Dfc tinh khdi lrgng (uh Massprop) Menu bar Toolbars Nip ah Tools/inguiry> Mass Properties Inquiry “Massprop Hinh 7.6 ‘Sir dung Iénh Massprop dé tinh céc die tinh vé khdi lxong ciia mién (region) hode solid durge chon. Cae dic tinh vé khéi lrgng cua solid bao gim: Mass (khdi cong), Volume (thé tich), Bounding box (kich thurde bao), Centtoid (trong tém), Moment of Inertia (moment quan tink), Product of Inertia (tich quan tink), Radii of gyration (bcin kink di chuyén), Principal moments and X-, Y-, Z- directions about centroid (moment quén tinh chinh),... Tay nhién trong AutoCAD tinh khdi -11-lurgng va c ¢ die tinh ea hge khong ¢6 don vj. Nahi rigng vat ligu 1 Command: Massprop -1 Select objects: (Chon solid — hinh 7.6). SOLIDS Mass: 22547,3392 Volume: 22547.3392 Bounding box: —X: 77.0851 -- 118.3903 Y: 18,9480 ~ 30.6119 Z: 0.0000 -- 53.1417 Centroid X: 99.7935 Y: 24.7799 Z: 26.5708 Moments of inertia: X: 359172088962 Y: 2491655294128 Z: 241449750.5386 Products of inertia: XY: 55756794.2312 YZ: 14845710.8967 ZX: 597864754083 Radii of gyration: X: 39.9120 Y:105.1227 Z: 103.4822 Principal moments and X-Y-Z directions about centroid: [: 6153469.8990 along [1.0000 0.0000 0.0000] 1: 8703764.7761 along [0.0000 1.0000 0.0000] K: 30615410563 along [0.0000 0.0000 1.0000] ‘Cudi cing xuat hign dong nhée sau: Write analysis to a file? [Yes/No] : (C@ ghi lai thinh m@t file hay khéng?) Néu ta nhdp ¥ (Fes) sé xudt hign dong née sau: File name < >: (Nhp vao tén file, tao mOt file co phan mé rng li . MPR). -T2-Chuone 8 TAO BAN VE HAI CHIEU TU MO HINH Ba CHIEU inh ba chigu: Trinh ty tgo hinh chiéu hai chiéu tir m6 - MG (hode tao) m6 hinh ba chigu trén mot lop (layer) riéng, vi du lép 3D. - Dinh bin Tilemode = 0 hoge chon nit Layout! trén dong trang thai. ~ Sir dung lénh Limits dinh gidi han ban vé theo khé gidy, Sau dé thye hign lénh Zoom (lyra chon Ai). - Sir dung lénh Mview tao 4 (hod 1, 2, 3...)loating viewport bing nhaw trén ving d6 ha, ~ Sir dung lénh Mspace chuyén sang khéng gian mé hinh (hode chon nit Mode! trén dong trang thai). = Nhip (load) dang duimg Hidden vio ban v8 bing lgnh type ~ Chuyén sang paper space (chon nit Layout!), sir dung lénh Vpoint tin lugt tao 4 hinh chiéu (Isometric, Top, Front, Side) trén 4 viewport Sir dung Iénh Zoom chinh kich thurse cae hinh chiéu m6 hinh trong 4 viewport (dinh gié Seale nhur nau). - Sir dung Iénh Mvsetup chinh vi tri (theo phwong nim ngang hode thing img) cée hinh chiéu trén 4 viewport - Diing lénh Solprop lan lugt tao ede duvang bao va dung khudt cho timg, hinh chiéu trong cde viewport, + Dong bang (Freeze) Iép chia m6 hinh solid trong hop thoai Layer&Linetype Properties, tao lop KHUNG va déng bing lép nay. - Sir dyng lénh Chprop hoe Properties chuyén cfc dung bao khung nahin sang Isp KHUNG. - Tién hanh ghi kich thuée cde hinh chiéu. Néu vin chwa thay dung khudt ‘xuit hign thi ding Iénh Ltseale dé higu chink ‘Thong thing céc dudmg khudt va dudng thiy duge cé thé tring lén nhau, do dé tit cde Lop chita ede dutmg bao thay (lép PV-...) va ding Ignh Explode pha va ede block chira dudmg khuat va x6a bét efe dudmg tring nhau. Ta €6 thé asin mau cho cae lop chiia dudmg bao (PV-) vi duimg khudt (PH), néu -B-dudmg bao va dung khudt khong thay di mau theo lép thi ta ding lénh Chprop (hode Properties) dé higu chinh (mau cia céc d6i tung phai li BYLAYER), Ta c6 thé sir dung cae Iénh Solview va Solprof dé tg0 chiéu 2D mét cdeh tr dong. 8 Khang gian mé hinh (model space) va khéng gian phing (Paper space), in TILEMODE 8.1.1. Bién TILEMODE Trong AutoCAD 6 hai céich quan sit vat thé tiy vio gid tri cia bién TILEMODE = 0 (OFF) hay TILEMODE = | (ON), Command: TILEMODE J Regenerating layout. TILEMODE <1>: 0 J (Chuyén sang phuong thie tao khong sian gidy v@), éu bién TILEMODE thi sir dung Iénh Vports ta chi tg0 duge eée tiled vport (khung nhin tinh) va sip xép ching canh nhau. Cac khung nhin nay chi e6 thé quan bit, Khi in chi in dupe ede 46i twong véi diém nhin (vpoint) tgi viewpoint hign hank. Trong paper space, khi dé ta c6 thé tgo nhiéu viewport nim 6 vj tri bit ky (goi la khung nhin dong ~ floating viewport) trén man hinh, ede viewport cé thé chdng Ién nhau, va khi in 6 thé in tat ca cde hinh anh hién hank, trén tit ca cae viewport cua man hinh. Khi kim vie trong méi truréng nay ta dat bién TILEMODE = 0 (chon niit Paper), Iie dé tir paper space ta e6 thé chuyén sang model space bing Iénh MS (Mspace hode chon mit Model) va tir model space chuyén sang paper space bang lénh PS (Pspace hodc chon nitt layout! va Layout2), Ta o6 thé gin tne tiép bién TILEMODE bing céich chon vio ede mit chon trén dong trang thdi, Theo mac dinh ta ¢6 hai trang cho paper space: Layout va Layout2 8.1.2. Lénh Mspace, Pspace, Model ‘Thue hign Iénh Mspace dé chuyén tir model space sang paper space, Khi d6 bigu tuomg t9a 49 c6 dang hinh tam gie sé xudt hign va tai dang trang thai xu -14-néit PAPER, trong mdi trudng nay ta chi tao duge ede déi wong 2D. Dé chuyén tir paper space sang model space ta sir dung I¢nh Pspace hoaic Model. 8.2, Tao khung nhin dng (Ignh ‘Menu bar hip ak View Viewporis=1 Viewpors Wien Trong AutoCAD ngoai cdc tiled viewport (khung nhin tinh tao bing lénh. Vports) sip xép canh nhau ta cdn 6 thé tgo cée floating viewport. Cé hai léoh tao viewport la Mview va Mysetup, Trong mue nay ta khdo sat Iénh Mview. Lénh Mview chi thyc hign trong paper space khi bién TILEMODE = 0. ‘Tre Kkhi thye hign lénh Mview ta dinh lai gidi han ban v@ trong paper space bing lénh Limits vi Zoom — All. Vi du sau khi dinh bién TILEMODE = 0 ta inh gidi han ban ve la 420, 297 nhur sau: - Dinh gidi han ban ve Command: Limits -1 Specify lower lefi corner or [ON/OFF] <0,0000,0.0000>: 1 Specify upper right corner <273.0500,209,5500>: 420,297 ol ~ Thu phéng man hinh: Command: Zoom -1 Spe [All corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or nter/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : A J = Tao cic khung nhin dng: Command: Mview Switching to Paper space: (chuyén sang khong gian gidy vé). Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF /Fit/ShadeploLock/Object/Polygonal MRestore/2/3/4] : Cée Iya chon Specify corner Command: Mview Specify corner of viewport or -15-[ON/OFF /Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : (Binh mot diém dau duéng chéo thir nhat P, xée dinh vj tri viewport. Sau khi chon xong ém nay dong nhée sé xudt hign tiép), Specifi opposite corner: (Binh diém g6e thit hai P> viewport). ON/OFF Command: Mview 1 Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : ON} (hoge OFF 4) ‘Moy tat cae ddi tugng trong viewport. Fit ‘Tao mot viewport ¢6 kich thuse vita khit véi ving d3 hoa. Command: Mview 1 Specifi corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : F A Lock Khéa viewport duge chon. Command: Mview =! Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : O «4 Select object to clip viewport: (Chon 46i tong). Polygonal -16-Tao dusdmg bao viewport o6 hinh dang bit ky bing phong php dinh cée digm (tuong fy tao pline kin bang Iénh Pine). Command: Mview 1 Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : Ro} Enter viewport configuration name or [2] <*Aetive>: (Nhép tén cia mot edu h viewport dé chen vio). Specify first comer of [ft] : (Viewport s@ tra khit ving dé hoa hode dinh hai diém dé xéc dinh kich thude cua n6). 2 Cho phép tgo 2 viewport nim ngang hode thing ding: Command: Mview 1 Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : (Chon khung nim ngang hode thang dim) Specify first corner or [Fit] : (Néu chon Fit thi hai viewport sé tra khit man hinh d3 hoa véi ty 1 thich hgp cho timg viewport. Hoe ta cé thé dinh kich thude cho céc viewport bing cach chon hai diém trong paper space va cde viewport sé tra khit trong paper space vita tao), 3 Cho phép tg0 3 viewport: Command: Mview 4 -TT-Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF /Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/A] : (twang ty la chon 2), 4 Cho phép tg0 4 viewport: Command: Mview 4 Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : 4 Specify first corner or [Fit] : (nhap F 48 4 viewport tra khit man hinh 3 hoa). Chay Cae Adi tugng trén cdc viewport nim trén cdc lop cla mé hinh trude 46. uring bao viewport nim tren lp hign hinh, 8.3. Lép trong khong gian gidy ve (Iénh VPlayer) Lénh VPlayer (Viewports Layer) ding dé diéu khién lép trong timg floating viewport riéng bigt, chi thye hign khi gia tri bién TILEMOD! 6p dang o trang thai ON méi e6 thé diéu khién bing lénh VPlayer duge. 0. Mat Command: Vplayer -! Enter an option [?/reeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfiz/Vpvisdft]: Cae lya chon Ligt ké cae lop bi lim d6ng trong viewport ma ta chon: Command: Vplayer -1 Enter an option [2/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdfl]: 2 -1 Select a viewport: (Chon vport dé ligt ké cde lop bi dong). Freeze Lam déng mot hoae nhigu lép trén méthode nhigu viewport ma ta chon. 18Command: Vplayer Enter an option [2/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfra/Vpvisdt}: F 3 Enter layer name(s) to freeze or : (Tén lp ean lam dong, c6 thé nhgp nhibu tén lop céch nhau boi déu phy) Enter an option [AliSelect/Current] : S 1 (Chon Iwa chon dé chon viewport: All ~ tit ca eée yport, Select AutoCAD hin thi dong “Select objects” vi ta 88 chon viewport ndo ta am dong cdc Isp da chon, edn Current 1a chon viewport hign han). Select objects: (Chon cée viewport dé lam déng céc lop 48 chon), ‘Thaw Lam tan bang (thaw) mot hode nhi lop trén mot hode nhigu viewport ma ta chon, Command: Vplayer -! Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Ypvisdfi]: F 3 Enter layer name(s) to thaw: (Tén Ip ean lam tan bing, ¢6 thé nhgp nhiéu tén lp cach nhau boi déu phay). Céic dong nhac tiép theo tuong ty lya chon Freeze, Reset ‘Thiét lap su hién thi ede lép (Freeze hay Thaw) theo mac dinh eta ha chon Vpvisdft (Nport Visibility default) Command: Vplayer -! Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfr2/Vpvisdflt]: R Enter layer name(s) to reset or : (Chon tén lop cin Reset, c6 thé dua vao nhiéu tén lop va ching each nhau boi diu phay). Céc dong nhac tiép theo tuong tyr Iya chon Freeze, Newfrz Cho phép ta0 lop méi va lép nay bi dong trong moi viewport. Command: Vplayer -! Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfr2/Vpvisdflt]: Nl -19-Enter name(s) of new layers frozen in all viewports: (Tén cia l6p méi tao va bi déng, ¢6 thé dua vio nhiéu tén lép va chiing céich nhau boi dau phay), Cae dang nhie ti Vpvisdflt (Vport visibility default) ‘Thay d6i gid tri mae dinh vé sy hign thi (Fe ta0 bing Iénh Mview, AutoCAD sé _ theo tuong tyr Iya chon Freeze. Thaw cho eée viewport méi tu dong dinh dau cée lip duge xée dinh 1a hay Thaw mdi khi c6 mt viewport méi duge tgo nén) Command: Vplayer -! Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfiz/Vpvisdfl]: W Enter layer name(s) to change viewport visibility or : (nhap F hode T va ENTER). 84. Lénh Mvetup Lénh Mvetup ding dé thiét lap ban vé trong model space va paper space. Sir dung Iénh nay ta c6 thé tao cée floating viewport, higu chinh vi tri va kich thuée cac d6i tugng nim trong cée viewport, chén khdi khung tén vao ban ve... ‘Day la mot chwong trinh viét bing ngén ngit Autolisp. Command: Mvsetup 4 Initializing. Enter an option [Align/Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]: ‘Néu bién TILEMODE Khi dé xudt hign dong nhac phy: Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <¥>: (Muén chuyén sang paper space khong’). nhap NO tite la chi kim vige trong khéng gian mé hinh, cac dang nhac sau s@ xuat hign Kin lugt; Enter units type [Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric}: (Chon dang don vi). Enter the seale factor: (Chon ty 18). Enter the paper width: (Chon chigu ring khé giy, vi du gid tri 420). = 80-Enter the paper height: (Chon chiéu cao khé gidy, vi dy gid tri 297). Ding la chon nay ta 66 thé xée dinh dom vi, ty Ié va gidi han bin v@ trong, model space. Sau khi dink xong anh, ‘Néu bién TILEMODE Néu nhap YES hoie khi thye hign Iénh Mysetup vei bién TILEMODE, & tyr dong chén duémg vién vio ban vé hign thi cde ding nhc sau xudt hign. Enter an option [Align/Create/Seale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo}: Cée Iya chon Align ‘Sit dung dé chinh vi tri cée mé hinh trén ede viewport: Command: Mvsetup 1 Initializing. Enter an option [Align/Create/Seale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo}:& nhgp Hi (Horizontal Jhoic V (Vertical) (Chinh vj tri theo phuong ngang va thang ding) Specify basepoint: (Chon diém chun), Specify point in viewport 10 be panned: (Chon diém khée chinh vj trf theo diém chun). ‘Néu nhap R (Rotate view): Specify basepoint in the viewport with the view to be rotated: (Chon diém chun). Specify angle from basepoint: (Gée so véi diém chuan), Create Ding dé tgo eae floating viewport, ¢6 chire nang nhu Ignh Mview: Command: Mysetup Initializing, Enter an option [Align/Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]: +1 Enter option [Delete objects/Create viewports/Undo] : (Cée Wwa chon {a0 floating viewport) Néu chon Create viewports (C-): Available layout options: .. (Iya chon cae dang viewport). -81-0: None (khéng o6 I: Single (Chi e6 mot). 2: Sid. Engineering (Theo tiéu chuan) 3: Array of Viewports (Day cde viewport). Enter layout number to load or [Redisplay]: (S6 cia dang viewport dura vio). Gi sit ta chon 3 dang nhac sau xuit hign Specify first corner of bounding area for viewport(s): (Kich thude bao cée viewport, chon mot diém lim g6c trai viewport) Specify opposite corner: (Chon diém géc during chéo di dign dé xéc dinh kich thurde bao cée viewpor) Enter number of viewports in X direction <1>; (S6 eéc khung nhin theo truc X). Enter number of viewports in ¥ direction : (S6 eae khung nhin theo true Y). Specify distance between viewports in X direction <0>; (Khoang cach gitta cée Khung nhin theo true X, gid tri nay bing 0 thi ede khung nhin sé nim egnh nhau theo true X), Specify distance between viewports in ¥ direction <0>: (Khoang cach gitta cée khung nhin thep trye Y, néu gid tri nay biing 0 thi céc khung cira sé s nim canh hau). Néu chon Delete objects (D-!) Sit dung lua chon nay dé x6a cdc khung nin. Select the objects to delete. Select objects: (Chon di tugng cin x6a). Seale viewports ‘Sit dung lira chon nay dé chinh d Ken viewport: Command: Mvsetup Initializing. Enter an option [Align/Create/Seale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo].S -4 Select the viewports to scale. Select objects: (Chon viewport va nhin ENTER). Set the ratio of paper space units to model space units Enter the number of paper space units <1.0> -82-Enter the number of model space units <1.0>- Options Lua chon cic dic tinh cho khung vira chén vao. Command: Mysetup Initializing. Enter an option [Align/Create/Seale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]:0 J Enter an option [Align/Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]: (Chon 3c tinh cin gin cho khung, vi du nhp L). Enter an option [Layer/Limits/Units/Xref] : (Gan gi6i han ban v2) Title block Chen khé Ikhung tén vao ban ve, Command: Mysetup Initializing. Enter an option [Align/Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]:T 1 Enter title block option [Delete objects/Origin/Undo/lnsert] : Available title blocks:...(Chon Iya khé giéy eiia block khung tn. 0: None 1: 1SO.A4 Sizetmm) ISO A3 Size(mm) ISO A2 Size(mm) ISO Al Size(mm) ISO AO Size(mm) ANSI-V Size(in) ANSL-A Size(in) ANSL-B Sizein) ANSI-C Size(in) 10: ANSED Size(in) Il: ANSE Size(in) 12: Arch/Engineering (24 x 36in) -83-13: Generic D size Sheet (24 x 36in) Enter number of title block to load or [Add/Delete/Redisplay]: (Dra ma s6 cita khé gidy ta chon, wid sir chon khé gify AI thi ta dura s6 4 vdo dng nhic trén). Create a drawing named iso_al.dwg? : (Nhén ENTER 48 ding § tao bain v8 chita khung véi tén ISO- AL.DWG). Undo Hay bé mot thao tée vita thye hign. ‘Command: Mysetup + Initializing Enter an option [Align!Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]-W 4 8.5. Tao during bao, dwong khuat 3D solid (Iénh Solprof) DrawiSolc> Senup™= profile Solids Sobpraf Ta khio sit ede énh ign quan dén tao céc hinh chigu tir m6 hinh 3D: Solprof, Solview, Soldraw,... Cae Ignh nay nam trén Draw menu va Solids toolbar (hinh 8.1). i — — i Hinh 8.1Lénh Solprof ding dé tao dudng bao thay durge va khuat cho cée solid. C: during nét nay nim mét mat phing va trén céc lop khae nhau, Dé thy hign Iénh nay bign TILEMODE = 0 vi dang & trong model space ‘Trude khi thyc hign Iénh Solprof néu bién TILEMODE = 1 ta phai thye hhign ed Lénh sau Command: TILEMODE -1 Enter new value for TILEMODE : 0 Command: LIMITS J Reset Paper space limits: (Dinh gidi han ban ve cho paper space). Specify lower lefi corner or [ON/OFF] <0,0000,0,00000>: «1 Specify upper right corner < >: 420,297 ol Command: ZOOM 4 Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Seale/Window] : A Command: MVIEW 1 Specify comer of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] : 0,0 Specifi opposite corner: 420,297! (Chi ¢6 mot khung nhin duy nhat).. Command: MSPACE Lite bay gid ta dang trong model space va thyc hign Ignh Solprof: Command: Solprof 4 Select objects: (Chon eée solid). Display hidden profile lines on separate layer? [Yes/No] <¥>: (Trinh bay cdc dudmg bao va khudt trén lop riéng hay khéng?) ‘Néu nhap Y (YES) thi hai block s8 duge tgo nén, m6t block la cae dudng. bbao nhin thay duge cdn block kia la ede durdmg khuat. Block dung thay due ¢6 cling durémg bao véi solid duge chon va nim trén lap ty tao PV- (t8n Vports), con block dudmg khuit nim trén lop PH- ((én Vports) va e6 dang dudng HIDDEN (néu trong ban vé e6 HIDDEN ~ hinh 8.2, con khéng e6 thi van xudt hign durong CONTINUOUS). Néu nhap N (NO) thi chi 6 lérp chtra cée during bao thay. -85-QP NO b) YES Hinh 8.2. Display hidden profile lines on separate layer Project profile lines onto a plane? [Yes/No] <¥>: (Chiéu cée duimg bao len mot mat phing hay khong?) Néu nhép Y (YES) sé ty dong chiéu cc duéng bao lén mat phiing song. song véi man hinh va mat phiing nay di qua diém gée cua UCS hign hanh, Néw tri 1bi N (NO) cdc dung bao gitt nguyén hinh dang 3D (dang wireframe). Delete tangential edges? [Yes/No] : (C6 xéa céc canh tiép xtc hay khéng?, ‘con nha N (NO) thi ‘Néu ta nhap Y (YES) thi sé x6a cde déi tugng chuyér cae duémg chuyén in gitt nguyén). a) YES b)NO Hinh 8.3, Delete tangential adges Vi dy trén hinh 8.3 truée khi thyte hign Iénh Solprof ta bo tron canh 1a giao tuyén mat tru va mat phing cia solid thi sau khi thye hign lénh Solprof tai bé mat chuyén tiép nay sé khée nhau. Chay - dé it tén ciia viewport ta sir dung lénh List khi dang 6 trong khdng gian tidy ve (paper space), - Dé quan sit ede dursng bao ta tit (OFF) lép chita solid pbc (hit 84),Dé Bite Trung Thitt ké ma hinh 3 bing AutoCAD ee Hinh 8.5. Céic lop diege tao khi thiee hign Iénh Solprof -87-Clic lop durge hi thye hign Iénh Solprof (hinh 8.5) chi thude viewport, tong img. Khi ta tao déi tong thuge mot trong cde viewport nay thi cic Adi furong nay sé khéng xuit hién tgi cde viewport khéc. 8.6, Tao cae hinh chiéu tir mé hinh 3D (Ignh Solview) Menu bar Toolbars Nhip ak DrawiSolid> Senup>View ‘Sohds Solviow Lénh Solview ding dé to ede floating viewport véi ede hink chigu vudng, géc, hinh chiéu phu va hinh cit cita cdc solid. Céc thing tin vé mdi hinh chiéu duge git trong floating viewport ma ta tgo. Cée thong tin nay ta s@ sir dung khi thye hign Iénh Soldraw. Lénh Solview thye hign trong paper space Lénh Solview se ty dong tao cae Iép méi: Ip ede during bao thay duge (Wisible lines), lop cde ding khuét (Hidden lines), lap duimg cét (Section Hatching), lop dudng kich thude (Dimesions),... Tén ede ip duge thé hign nhs sau, Ten Layer Dang Object dy View name-VIS Visible lines), Solues -VIS View name-HID Hidden lines Solucs - VIS View name-DIM —_Dimesions Solucs - DIM View name-HAT Hatching pattem (for sections) Solues - HAT Chay Cae thong tin duge huu tri trong cdc lop vira tao sé durge xéa howe cap nhat Khi ta thye hign lénh Slodraw. Do dé trén cde lép nay khéng nén liu trie ede thong tin thurdng tri cia ban ve. Lénh Solview slip xép cac déi tugng ciia viewport trén lop VPORTS. Lénh_ Solview sé tgo lép nay néu trong ban vé chua cé lép cling tén. Lénh Solview duge sir dung khi bién TILEMODE = 0 va trong paper space. Néu ta dang trong ‘mi trig model space thi si dung Ignh pspace dé chuyén sang paper space. Command: Solview J Enter an option [Ues/Ortho/Auxiliary/Section): (Cée lta chon). 88(Cée Iya chon ucs Lia chon nay cho ta tgo cée hinh chiéu theo UCS. Command: Solview -1 Enter an option [Les/Ortho/Auxiliary/Seetion}: U Enter an option [Named/World/?/Current] : (Ty i view). Specify view center: (Chon mat diém lam tm quan sit), Specify view center : (Chon mat diém khéc lim tam quan sit, néu vita ¥ ta nhiin ENTER). Specify first corner of viewport: (Diém duing chéo thir nhat cua viewport). Specify opposite corner of viewport: (Diém duéng chéo dBi dign cia viewport). Enter view name: (Tén khung nhin). World ‘Sir dung mat phing XY cia WCS lam mat phing chiéu, Trinh ty thye hign turong ty Iya chon Current Command: Solview Enter an option [Les/Ortho/Auxiliary/Section}: U Enter an option [Named/World/?/Current] : Enter UCS names to list <*> Named Hinh chiéu sé song song voi mat phing XY ciia UCS duge hyu trit trade 46 vi ta s® goi Ia. Command: Solview J Enter an option [Ues/Ortho/Auxiliary/Section}: U Enter an option [Named/World/?/Current] : (Nhap ty 16 quan sit) Céc dng nhéc tiép theo tuomg tyr Iya chon Current ORTHO Tao che viewport véi hinh chidu vudng gée ti md hinh cia viewport hitn 6. Dau tién ta chon canh ciia viewport dang c6 dé xc dinh hudmg chiéu, sau d6 chon tim chigu va vi ti viewport chira hinh chigu. Command: Solview 1 Enter an option [Ucs/Ortho/Auxili y/Section]: O Specify side of viewport to project: (Chon mot canh cia viewport) Specify view center: (Dinh diém lam tim hinh chié Specify view center : (Nhap gid tri dong). Specify view center: (Chon mat diém lim view center). Specify firs Specify opposite corner of viewport: (Chon digm géc thit hai cua viewport) comer of viewport: (Chon diém gée thie nhé cia viewport), Enter view name: (Nhap tén viewport) -91-8.7. Lénh Soldraw Menu bar ‘Toolbars Nhép Dranw/Solie>Senup> Drawing Sohde Soldraw Lénh Soldraw ta0 cde duimg bién dang va mat cat trong eac viewport to boi lénh Solview truce dé. Cac duéng Khuat va duong thdy duge chiéu trén mat phang vuéng goc huéng quan sat. Déi vi hinh cét, cde duéng cit duge tao nhé vao céc bién HPNAME (tén mau mat cit), HPSCALE (ty 1é mau mat cit) va HPANG (ge iia mau mat eat), ‘Tit ca cdc duéng bién va hinh cit trén cde viewport durge xéa ddng thé tao cée dudng bién va hinh cit mdi, Tét cit efe 1ép, ngoai trir ce Ip chika dudmg bién va hinh cat sé durge déng bang trén mdi viewport. Command: Soldraw -1 Seleet viewports to draw Select objects: (Chon viewport) Chay Khong duge sip xép cde déi tugng thudng tri cla ban vé trén cde lbp: View name-VIS, View name-HID va View name — HAT. Céc théng tin nam trén cic lop dé sé bi x6a hode cp nhap khi thie hign Ignh Soldraw. Sir dung lénh U (Undo) dé x6a viewport vita vé bing lénh Soldraw. -92-Chuong 9 9.1, Quan sit mé hinh 3D bang ‘Menu bar hip ah ViewaD Dynamic View Daiew Str dung Kénh Dview (Dynamic dview) ta cé thé quan sit hinh chiéu phdi nh md hinh 3D. Command: Dview 4 Select objects or : (Chon eéc di tugng edn quan sit hinh chiéu phéi canh, Néu tai dong nhiic nay ta ENTER sé xudt hign mo hinh chi tiét than ca van tiét lw ~ hinh 9.1)) Select objects or : (Tiép tyc chon mé hinh cin quan sit hoe nhin ENTER dé két thite vige chon di tong). Enter option [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Of'Undo]: (Cie Iyra chon). Cée Iya chon 1.1. Digu chinh éng kinh (Camera) Lua chon Camera ding dé quay dng kinh (Camera) chung quanh muc tiéu (Target), khoang eéch tir éng kinh dén mye tiéu la khéng d6i (hinh 9.2), twong tye hu ta xée dinh diém nbin cia Iénh Vpoint. Command: Dview 4 Select objects or : (Chon cdc déi tugng cin quan sat va nhén ENTER). -93-Dé Dice Trung md hink 3D bing AutoCAD [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/OffUndo]: CA ot Specify camera location, or enter angle from XY plane,or [Toggle (angle in)] 35.2644>: (Gée quay cia camera so voi mat phiing XY). Specify camera location, or enter angle in XY plane from X axis, or [Toggle (angle from)] <35.26439>: (Gée quay so véi tryc X trong mat phiing XY) Hinh 9.2. Lua chon Camera 9.1.2. Diku chinh myc tigu (Target) Lua chon Target ding dé quay mye tiéu chung quanh éng kin, khoang, cach giita myc tiéu va éng kinh khong d6i (hinh 9.3) va lu bing bién TARGET. Hinh 9.3, Lira chon Target Command: Dview «1 Select objects or : (Chon ede d6i twong cin quan sit va nhdn ENTER), [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/OfpUndo]: TA.Specify camera location, or enter angle from XY plane, or [Toggle (angle in) }6e clia myc tiéu so voi mat phing XY). Néu nhap T sé xuat hign dong. hie: Specify camera location, or emter angle in XY plane from X axis, or [Toggle (angle from)} <..>: (Gée quay so v6i true X trong mat phing XY), inh chiéu phéi cinh (Distance) 9.1.3. Quan sit Lua chon Distance ding dé thay di khoding edich dng kinh so véi mye tiéu doe theo tia nhin (tia nhin la tia xuat phat ti éng kinh huéng vé mye tiéu). Khi str dung Iya chon nay mé hinh tir hinh chiéu song song chuyén sang hinh chiéu phdi ccanh (hinh 9.4), a) Hinh chiéu song song ) Hinh chiéu phéi canh Hinh 9.4 Bidu tugng toa 46 ging nhu m@t khéi lip phuong thu nhé din, phia trén ‘man hinh xudt hign mot thude ngang e6 con chay hinh thoi, trén thude ¢6 nhigu vach diimg ghi hé s6 17 18 khoang eich tir Ox (trai) 16x (phai) nhur hinh 9.5. TY 16 cing lén thi khong céch cing xa va hinh eng nho dan. Lic nay cing xa diém hin kich thude bj thu nhé Iai Vite ciém Vir mang muén ‘hin hign hanh ‘quan sat vat thé Hinh 9.5 ‘Trude khi thye hign Iya chon Distance ta nén dinh tei vi tri myc tiéu va idm nhin bing lya chon Point cia Koh Dview, hoe sir dung léah Vpoint dink diém nhin & vj tri e6 thé quan sat todn b6 mé hinh (nhép wi tri trong déi I6n, vi du 100, -100, 100). Gid tri khoang cich nhin hign lén tai dng trang thai -95-Command: Dview «1 [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Ofp'Undo}: D 4 Select objects or : (Chon ede 4éi twgng can quan sat va hin ENTER), Specify new camera-target distance <...>: (Khoang céich m6i hode kéo con chay hinh thoi dinh ty 1g khoang céch), 9.14. Xée dink j tri vA khoding céch quan sat (POints) Lua chon POints dé thay d6i vi ti Sng kinh, mye tiéu va khodng cach tir ‘éng kinh dén muc tiéu (bién VIEWDIR). Khi sit dung Iya chon Distance ma khoang cach gidta éng kinh va myc tiéu qué gin ta khéng thé quan sat duge mo hhinh, do d6 phai dinh lai khong each va vi tri diém nhin va myc tiéu (hinh 9.6). Command: Dview [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Of?'Undo}: D 1 Select objects or : (Nh§p vio toa 49 méi ea mue tiGu). Specify camera point <...>: (Nh&p vio toa 46 méi cia dng kinb), ‘Trong déu <> 1a toa d6 myc tiéu va dng kinh hign hank. Hinh 9.6, Vj tré Camera, Target vai hinh anh quan sdt ‘Thu phéng hinh anh (Zoom) Lya chon Zoom dé phéng to hay thu nhé man hinh ma khéng thay di vi dng kinh va me td te 1 higu chinh iu Sng kinh (hinh 9.7), Command: Dview 1 [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Of'Undo}: D 4md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Select objects or : (Chon ede 46i twang can quan sit va nhan ENTER). Specify zoom scale factor <1>: (Nap gid tri tiéu ey méi vao). Hinh 9.7. Mé hinh c6 khoding eéch quan sét gén va tieu eve nho 9.1.6. Di chuyén hinh anh (PAn) Lya chon Pan di chuyén dng kinh va myc tigu song song véi m§t phiing. nhin, khoang edch nhin khong doi. Command: Dview J Select objects or : (Chon ede d6i tugng cin quan sit va nhén ENTER), [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Of?Undo]: PA | ‘Specify displacement base point:(Chon diém chuan dé dii nhu lénh PAN). Specify second point: (Diem doi dén). 9.1.7. Quay dng kinh (Twist) Lua chon Twist cho phép quay éng kinh quanh tia nhin (hinh 9.8), gid tri lu bing bién VIEWTWIST. Command: Dview 1Select objects or : (Chon ede 46i twang can quan sit va nhan ENTER). [CAmeraTArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Of/'Undo]:TW -l nhan ENTER). [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/OffUndo]:CL. | (Chon eae déi tugng can quan sat va Enter clipping option [Back/Fronv/Off] : (Chon mat cit trude (front), sau (back) hode off 48 thoat ra khdi Iya chon nay). Néu chon F (front) xuat hign ding nhiic tgp: Specify distance from target or [set to Eye(camera/ON/OFF] <173.2049>: (xée inh vi tri mat eat trade so vii muc tiéu), Néu chon B (back) xuat hign dang nhéc: Specify distance from target or [ON/OFF] <-373.8111>: (Khodng eéch tit muc tigu dén mat cat sau). 98 -9.1.9. Che cic nét khuit (Hide) Lua chon Hide ding dé che cac nét khuat. Khi thodt ra khoi Ienh Dview thi nét khudt xwat hign tre Iai (hinh 9. 9). Command: Dview «1 Select objects or : (Chon cée d0i tung can quan sit va nhan ENTER). [CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/T Wist/CLip/Hide/OgfiUndo]:4 a) Trivéc khi Hide ‘b) Sau khi Hide Hinh 9.9 10, Tit ché a quan sit hinh chiéu phéi cinh (OFF) Lya chon Off chuyén 4c hinh chiéu phéi canh cia m6 hinh 3D dang quan sdt sang hinh chiéu song song. Command: Dview Select objects or Zoom Window tit shortcut menu. Cursor thay d6i thanh biéu tong hinh chér nha Nhdp va kéo dé tao mot hinh chit nhat chung quanh ving ma ban mudn chon. Khi ban tha nit chon, ban vé durge phéng to lén va hién thi ving ban - 102‘ve ma ban chon. Dé zoom theo gidi han hinh vé (extent) trén 3D orbit view Bit diu lénh 3Dorbit, nh’p phim phai trén ving d3 hoa va chon More>Zoom= Extent tit shortcut menu. View durge nam 6 tim man hinh va hig thi tit ea ede ddi tung trén man hinh theo kich thue lin nh 6 thé Dé higu chinh khoing céich camera trén 3D orbit view 1 Bit diu 3Dorbit, nhdp phim phai trén ving dd hoa va chon More>Adjust Distance tit shortcut menu, Cursor thay di thanh durimg thing ¢6 mai ten chi lén va xudng. 2. Nhip va kéo én trén man hinh dé di chuyén camera dén gin hon di tugng, hap va kéo vé phia duéi man hinh dé doi camera ra xa di tugng (hinh 9.12). Adjust Distance md phang anh husng cia vige di chuyén camera dén gin hon hode ra xa kh6i déi trong. 4a) Kéo mii tén len trén 1b) Kéo mit t6n xuding dedi Hinh 9.12 9.24. Sir dyng Iya chon Projection trén 3D orbit View Ban c6 thé chon dé sir dung phép chiéu song song hod phéi cdnh cia view trong 3Dorbit dang kich hoat Dé chgn phép chiéu song song (parallel) va phdi cank (perspective) trén 3D orbit view 1 Bat ddu 3Dorbit, nhip phim phai trén ving dd hoa va chon Projection. 2 Chon mét trong cée Iva chon sau: Song song (Parallel): Thay déi view sao cho hai dudng thing song song, khOng bao git hot ty tai mot diém. Hinh dang ciia md hinh ludn giéng nhaw - 103 -va khong 06 sy bién dang khi quan dt chiing gin hon, Phép chiéu nay duye mie dinh, Phi cinh (Perspective): Thay di view sao cho tat cd ede dung thing song song nhau hdi tu v8 mot diém. Béi tong xudt hign Iii xa din theo khodng cdich trong khi cdc bd phan cia déi tuong xuat hign cing 1én khi ‘cang gin diém quan sat. Cac hinh dang bj bién dang mét chit khi quan st 6i twong rit gin ‘Mét déu kiém duge hign thj ngay sau khi chon Iya chon Projection. ‘To mau eée dbi tugng trén 3D Orbit View Céc d6i tugng trén 3D orbit view duge t@ mau cho ching sy biéu dign ba chigu thét hon. Ban o6 thé thay déi phuong phép hién thj déi tugng bang cdch sit dung cae phurong tite 16 mau kde nhaw Dé thay déi phwong thire t6 mau trén 3D orbit view 1 Bit diu 3Dorbit, nhip phim phai chudt trén ving 43 hoa va chon Shading Modes tc shorteut menu. 2 Chon mét trong cde Iya chon sau: Wireframe: én thi cée di twong trén 3D view bing céch sir dung cée doan thing va dung cong dé hién thi ede eanh bién (hinh 9.13). Hinh 9.13 Hinh 9.14 = 104-Hidden: Hién thi céc d6i twgng trén 3D view sir dung céch hién thi dang hung lu6i véi ede diving hign thi va cée mat sau durge che Khuat (hinh 9.14). Flat Shaded: Té mau céc déi tung trén 3D view gitta cae mat da gic. idu 6 lam cho ede d6i tong phan chia thanh ede mat phing va hién thi ‘v6i dG min thap nhit (hinh 9.15). Hinh 9.15 Gouraud Shaded: T6 mau céc 46 tugng trén 3D view va lam tron cae canh gitta cdc mat da gidc. Digu dé kim cho cdc déi tuwgng tron hon, hién thj that hon (hinh 9.16), Hin 9.16 Flat Shaded, Edges On: Kat hop céc Iva chon Flat Shaded va Wireframe. ‘Cae d6i tugng la mat da gidic to mau vei sy hién thi khung ludi (hinh 9.17). Hinh 9.17 Gouraud Shaded, Edges On: Két hap cae Iya chon Gouraud Shaded va Wireframe. Cic d6i tuong duoc t6 mau theo phuong phép Gouraud véi ~ 105 -Khung lu6i duge hién thi (hinh 9.18), Hinh 9.18 9.3. Cac Iénh lién quan dén quan sat mé hinh 3D. Ngoai lénh 3DOrbit, trong AutoCAD con cé mét so Iénh lién quan dén_ quan sit m6 hinh 3D: 3Deorbit, 3Delip, 3Ddistance, 3Dpan, 3Dsviwel, 3Dz00m, Camera,,.. Cac Iénh niy nim trén 3D Orbit toolbar. 9.3.1. Lénh 3Delip ‘Menu bar Toolbars ‘hip Hen 3Dorbit BDocliy ‘Shortewt menu: Bat dau [enh 3Dorbit, nhap phim phai tren ving 4 hoa va chon More Adjust Clipping Planes. Bit diu 3D view tong tée va mé Adjust Clipping Planes window, AutoCAD hién thi Adjust Clipping Planes window. 9.3.2. Lénh 3Ddistance ‘Menu bar Toolbars ‘Nivjp leah “BDorbir Daistance ‘Shorteut menu: Bit dau lénh 3Dorbit, nhdp phim phai trén ving 46 hoa va chon More Adjust Distance. Bit du 3D view tuong téc lam cho d6i tung xuat hign gin hoge xa hon. Lénh 3Ddistance mé phong anh huong cua vige di chuyén camera gan doi twong, hon hoe xa hon, Khéng giéng nh 3Dz00m, 3Dditance khong lim tang qua ite hinh chigu phdi eanh hoge lam cho ehting bién dang, Lénh 3Ddistance thay i hinh dang cursor think mot dung thing ¢6 m9t mii tén huréng Ién va mot mii tén huéng xudng, Nhap va kéo cursor én trén vé phia dinh man hinh di chuyén camera gin hon d6i twgng khi dé s@ kim cho di tuyng xudt hign kin hon. ‘Néu ta nhdp va kéo cursor theo hudng thing dimg xuéng duéi man hinh thi di chuyén camera xa d6i twgng hon va kim cho déi tuong xudt hign nhé hon. = 106 -9.33. Lénh 3Dpan Menu bar ‘Toolbars SDorbir ‘Shortcut menu: Bat dau Ignh 3Dorbit, nhdp phim phai trén ving 4 hoa va chon Pan. Bat dau 3D view tuong tée va cho phép ban kéo dén vi tri bat ky. Lénh 3Dpan thay déi cursor thinh hand cursor. Khi ban nhdp va kéo cursor, thi view di chuyén theo huéng ma ban kéo. Ban c6 thé kéo view theo hudng nim ngang, hudng thang dimg hode huéng bit ky. Ban ¢6 thé quan sat toan bd ban vé cia ban hode chon mot hode nhiéu déi tugng trrde khi nh§p 3Dpan, Quan sét toan b6 ban ve c6 thé Kim nhat di hinh anh eva ban ve. 9.34. Lénh 3Dswivel Menu bar Toolbars Nip Hen ‘SDorbit BDewived ‘Shortcut menu: Bat dau lénh 3Dorbit, nhdp phim phai tren ving 4 hoa va chon More Siwivel Camera. Bit dau 3D view tuong tic va m6 phéng anh hudng cita vige quay camera Lénh 3Dswivel thay di con chay thanh mai tén cuén va m6 phéng anh hudng iia viée quay camera trén tripod. Lénh nay lim thay déi muc tiéu ciia view. Vi dy, néu ban 4a dat camera trén déi tung va sau dé quay camera sang bén phai thi d6i tugng sé di chuyén sang trai trén vang quan sat ca ban. Néu ban chi quay camera Ién trén, thi ede déi trong sé di chuyén xuéng duréi trén ving quan sét tia ban. Sy xoay (swivel) m6 phong chuyén dong nay bing cach sir dung cursor nhu la kinh ngim ctia camera. 9.38. Lénh 3Dz0om ‘Menu bar Toolbars ‘Nhap Hen Dorbin Devon ‘Shoricut menu: Bat dau Ignh 3Dorbit, nhap phim phai trén ving do hoa va chgn zoom. Bit dau 3D view tuong tac, khi ma ban ¢6 thé phéng to hoae thu nho trén view. Lénh 3Dz00m m6 phong anh huong cua théu kinh 06 tigu ey bi -107-may anh. N6 kim cho déi trgng xuét hign gin hon hoge xa hon ma khong thay 6i vj tri cia camera, Zoom in phéng to hinh anh, Néu ban dang sit dung hinh chiéu phdi cénk, Zoom in phéng to hinh chiéu phéi cénh véi nhimg gi ma ban quan sit déi trang. Diéu d6 e6 thé lim bién dang khong ding ké hién thi cia vai i twong. Zoom thay déi con chay thinb hinh kinh lip véi ede du higu cong (+) va trir (-). Nhp va kéo [én trén man hinh dé phéng to. Nhip va kéo xudng duéi dé thu ne. 9.3.6. Lénh 3Dcorbit ‘Menu bar Toolbars ‘hip Hah View Camera ‘Sir dung Ignh Camera dé gin vi tr camera va target Khde nhau, gitp ban quan sét déi twong tr ede vi tri khée nhau trén ban va. Command: Camera Current camera position is: (Vi tei hign hank), Current camera target is: (Vi tei hign hank). Specify new camera position : (Nhap gid tri méi camera) Specify new camera target : (Nhap gid ti méi target). Ta gan vi tri camera va target cho 3D orbit view bing lénh Camera trade khi bat dau Ignh 3Dorbit 9.3.7. Lénh 3Dcorbit Menu bar Toolbars Nhgp leah BDorbit “BDeorbir ‘Shortcut menu: Bat dau Ignh 3Dorbit, nhap phim phai trén viing do hoa va chon More> Continue Orbit. Bit diu 3D view twong ¢ vA cho phép ban gin ede d6i tong trén 3D view thanh chuyén dong lién tue. Command: 3Deorbit «1 = 108 -Chuong 10 XUAT BAN VE 3D RA GIAY bin vé xuit ra gidy bing may in (Printer) hay may vé (Plotter). Thye hign xudt ban vé ra gidy ding Ignh Plot hoge Print. Khi thue hign Ignh Plot néu bién CMDDIA = 1 thi uit hign hop thoai Plot. Khi bién nay bing 0 chi xudt hign cdc dang nhie. Lénh Plot 4a gidi thigu ky trong ti ligu 20. Khi i ‘Trinh ty thye hign in bin vé trong khong gian gidy vé: cc hinh chiéu phdi cénh ta chon ty 1g theo seale so Fir, Trinh ty in ban vé trong paper Space cé cic buée diu tién giéng nhu tao. cic hinh chiéu 2D tir m6 hinh 3D. 1, Xay dung m6 hinh bing cdc Iénh da hoe. 2. Dat bién TILEMODE chon nit LAYOUT, LAYOUT? chuyén sang méi tring lim vige khong 0, chon niit MODEL trén dong trang thai hose gian gidy vé. Biéu tuong khong gian gidy ve xudt hign. lic nay ta nén cha ¥ la mé hinh van chwra xuat hign trén man hin. 3. Dinh lai gidi hgn ban ve trong khdng gian gidy ve (lenh Limits va Zoom- Al, 4. Khong gian giay vé duge xem nhu la mat phing hai chiéu, do dé ta c6 thé chén khung tén va céc dung khung ban vé m&u vao ban vé hién hanh (sit dung lénh Insert), Tuy nhién ta e6 thé tao Khung tén va ede durdmg khung ‘ban vé sau khi thye hign 1enh Mview. 5. Sau khi tao xong khung tén va dutmg bao ta sit dung lénh Mview dé tg0 céc khung nhin dng. Cée khung nhin dong e6 thé e6 kich thude bat ky va nim chéng Ién nhau, Chi. ¥ ring ede khung nhin durge tao bing lénh Mview sé nim trén ldp dang hign hanh vai mang céc tinh chat cua Iép hign anh nhwr color, linetype,...Néu sau d6 Igi tit (OFF) hoke ding bing Isp nay thi durong bao khung nin s@ tit di va sé khong due in ra, Tuy nhién ede hinh nh bén trong khung nhin van duge gitt nguyén va ta ¢6 thé in chung. 6. Ding Ignh Mspace chuyén sang khOng gian m6 hinh va sir dung Iénh ic hinh ‘point tai mi khung nhin tao cée diém nhin dé 6 thé quan sét = 109-Khde nhau (hinh 10.1), Bé chinh kich thude eée hinh chiéu trén cée Khung nhin ta ding Ignh zoom theo ty 1é XP (ty 16 na khi bién TILEMODE = 1), Da chi e6 thé sir dung 1a ty 1g quan hé gitta m6 hinh va ty Ig in trong khéng gian gidy ve. Vi dy: Muén cho kich thude m6 hinh gip 2 lin kich thude khi in ra trong khéng gian gidy vé thi ty Ié sé la 1/2XP. Tei mdi khung nhin ta dinh nhur sau: Comman: Zoom 1 Specify. corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : 2XP a Ta lan lugt the hign lénh Zoom cho ede khung nhin edn Iai 7. Sir dung Ignh Mysetup dé chinh vj tri m6 hinh, Khi dang @ khéng gian mo hinh céc lép cia mdi khung nahin déc lip véi nhau. Sir dyng Iénh Vplayer tao ede lop riéng cho cée khung nhin dong, khi dé cae d6i tuong tao trén lop nay s® khong xudt hign ede khung nhin khée. 8. Chuyén sang khéng gian gif ban ve, ghi kich thude. 9. Ding Iénh Mview dé gan che nét khudt cho m6 hinh trong cée khung nhin hi in y vé, sau dé ta 06 thé nhap cae dong chit vio ‘Command: Mview Specify corner of viewport or [ON/ OFE/ Fit Hideplow/ Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4]: F Hidden line removal for plotting [ON/OFF]: ON 4 Select objects: (Chgn khung nhin nao ma ta mudn che nét khudt khi in bing cdch chon vio during bao cua khung nhin 4). Mudn che khudt cdc duémg bao céc khung nhin thi ta tit lop chira duéng bao khung nhin (la lép hign hanh khi sir dung Ienh Myiew), hoge ta tao mot lop tén KHUNG va sir dung lénh Properties hoa Chprop chuyén cée during bao khung nhin vé lop nay, sau d6 tt lop nay di 10. Luu tap tin ban vé (Cha ¥ 1a dang trong khang gian gidy ve) -110-11, Sau khi dinh céu hinh may ta thye hign Ignh Plot, hic nay 6 chon Hide objects Khéng cé tée dung vi trong khéng gian phang vige che nét khuat cho. cae m6 hinh trong céc khung shin dinh bing lénh Mview Trinh ty thye hign vige in cde hinh chiéu va che cée nét khudt thyre hign chung cho cde m6 hinh 3D. Tuy nhién tig loai m6 hinh e6 eée dae digm nhur sau i véi m6 hinh dang Wireframe ta khOng thé che ca nét khudt duge. sir dung lénh Solprof dé tao cée durong bién va dung khudt thi khi in ta tt lap chira m hinh va khong clin thre hign lénh Mview dé che efe nét Khudt, vi khi d6 ta chi 6 cée Adi trgng trong khong gian gidy v8 Sau khi thay di ede bién nhu 11 bude 6 trén ta thye hign in ban ve bing Ienh Plot. <1md hink 3D bing AutoCAD Dé Dice Trung PHAN BAI TAP THY'C HANH aay aw a Gan 2 L 4 oF e pe Jeera] + r 1 1 (03)| 2 act B Lio ae -------4 820. i g © =z a 7 = 1 1 = tL . eee aa we ae -| at = He } ee ‘sO aaa { 2 5 L s = (05) 199 -113-‘mé hinh 3D bing AutoCAD ° ° a te ss é = git 36 7 7 38 2 p27 18 (12) “ -1a-

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