Cẩm Nang Bản Mới Nhất 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016
PAGE : BI TP TING ANH CHO HC SINH VNG CAO VIT BC
MC LC
STT
TN BI
TRANG
CHUYN 1:
TRNG M
CHUYN 2:
NG PHP C BN
CHUYN 3:
T VNG
72
CHUYN 4:
VIT
132
CHUYN 5:
BI TP C P N
147
CHUYN 6:
SU TM BI LUN
HAY
213

CHUYN 1: NG M
CCH PHT M
1.Cch c S/ES:
- s c pht m l /s/ khi danh t hoc ng t tn cng l cc m v thanh /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/,
// hoc t cng bng ch ci p,f,k,t (phi phc kch ty)
V d: develops books foots laughs (/ l:fs/)
- s hoc es c pht m l /iz/ khi danh t hoc ng t tn cng l nhng ch sau
ch,ge,s,z,sh,ce,x (ch g sa z z ch em shp xu)
V d: kisses dances watches changes
- s c pht m l /z/ vi nhng t khng thuc hai trng hp trn.
2.Cch pht m ED:
Cch pht m ui ed nh sau:
- Pht m l /id/ hoc /d/:Khi ng t c tn cng l ph m /t/ hoc /d/ hay tn cng l ch
t,d.
V d
Wanted / wntid /
Needed / ni:did /
- Pht m l /t/:Khi ng t tn cng bng ph m v thanh /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, //, //
hay tn cng l cc ch sau: s,sh,ch,k,p,f
(Sng shao cho khi phung f)
V d
Stoped / stpt /
Laughed / l:ft /
Cooked / kkt /
Sentenced / entnst /
Washed / wt /
Watched / wtt /
- Pht m l /d/:Khi ng t tn cng l cc nguyn m v cc ph m cn li
Played / pleid /
Opened / pnd /
2

-Mt s trng hp ngoi l: Mt s t kt thc bng ed c dng lm tnh t, ui ed

c pht m l /id/:
Aged:/ eidid / (Cao tui. ln tui)
Blessed:/ blesid / (Thn thnh, thing ling)
Crooked:/ krkid / (Cong, on, vn vo)
Dogged:/ dgid / (Gan gc, gan l, bn b)
Naked:/ neikid / (Tr tri, trn trung)
Learned:/ l:nid / (C hc thc, thng thi, uyn bc)
Ragged:/ rgid / (Rch t ti, b x)
Wicked:/ wikid / (Tinh qui, ranh mnh, nguy hi)
Wretched:/ retid / (Khn kh, bn cng, ti t)
TRNG M
10 QUY TC NH TRNG M
Quy tc 1.Danh t 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht.
V d: TAble ,SERvice ,
Quy tc 2.Tnh t 2 m tit trng m ri vo m tit th nht.
V d:HAPpy,Patient,CLEver
Quy tc 3.ng t 2 m tit trng m ri vo m th hai
V d: to acCEPT, to arRANGE,
Tuy nhin mt s ng t kt thc l t ngn nn trng m ri vo m tit u:
V d: to ENter, (m cui er l m ngn nn nhn vo m u)
Mt s m ngn: el (v d:TRAvel)
ow(v d:FOLlow)
vy nn khi ng t hai m tit kt thc bi 3 m ngn l:er,el,ow trng m s ri vo m tit
th nht thay v m tit th hai theo quy tc.
Quy tc 4.i vi ng t 3 m tit,m cui l m ngn (er,el,ow)=>trng m ri vo m tit
th 2.
V d: to disCOver
ng t 3 m tit kt thc bng m di hoc danh t 3 m tit =>trng m s ri vo m tit
th nht.(m th ba t cui ln).
V d: EXcercise ,COMpany
Quy tc 5.Cc t c hu t di y th trng m s ri vo m tit ngay trc hu t ny:
-ic v d:ecoNOmic
-ical v d:ecoNOmical
-tion v d:sugGEStion
-sion v d:sucCESSion
3

-aphy v d:photoGRAphy
-ity v d:abiLIty,dependaBIlity
-acy v d: deMOcracy
-ogy v d:biOlogy
-ian v d:muSICian
-ible v d:POSSible
-id v d:STUpid
-ish v d FOOLish
-ial v d:confiDENtial
Quy tc 6.T ghp
Danh t ghp:trng m ri vo m tit u
V d: SCHOOLbag, AIRport
ng t ghp:trng m ri vo m tit th hai
V d: underSTAND,
Tnh t ghp:trng m ri vo m tit th hai
V d: old-FAshioned
Quy tc 7.T c 3 m tit th trng m ri vo m th ba t di ln
V d: opporTUnity, geOGraphy, faMIliar
Quy tc 8.Mt s t khng theo quy tc
TElevision ,
Quy tc 9.Mt s hu t khng lm thay i trng m ca t:
-able,-ful,-less,-ing,-ly,-d,
V d: WONder-WONderful
PAtient-PAtiently
to preDICT-preDICTable
Quy tc 10.Cc hu t sau y trng m lun ri vo n
-ee, v d employEE
-eer: v d engiNEER
-ese v d:VietnamESE
-oo, v d taTOO
-ette, v d cigarETTE
-self, v d mySELF
-esque v d pictureSQUE
-mental- v d fundaMENTAL
-end v d recommEND

CHUYN 2: NG PHP C BN
TH V CC CCH S DNG TH
1. Hin ti n:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object...
(-) S do/ does not + V +...
(?) Do/ Does + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Hnh ng xy ra hin ti: I am here
_ Thi quen hin ti: I play soccer
_ S tht hin nhin;Chn l ko th ph nhn: The sun rises in the east
_ S vic tng lai xy ra theo thi gian biu,chng trnh hoc k hoch c sp xp theo
lch trnh : School starts on 5 September.
* Trng t v cm trng t i km: always; usually; often; sometimes; occasionally; ever;
seldom; rarely; generally; regularly; normally; occasionally; every day/week/month/...
all the time ,
Cch chia s nhiu:
th khng nh ca th hin ti n, "ng t thng" c chia bng cch:
-Gi nguyn hnh thc nguyn mu ca ng t khi ch ng l "I / You / We / They v cc
ch ng s nhiu khc"
-Thm "s" hoc "es" sau ng t (Vs/es) khi ch ng l "He / She / It v cc ch ng s t
khc"
+Phn ln cc trng hp th ng t khi chia vi ch ng s t u c thm "s", ngoi tr
nhng t tn cng bng "o,x, ch, z, s, sh" th ta thm "es" vo sau ng t.
+Khi ng t tn cng l "y" th i "y" thnh "I" v thm "es" vo sau ng t
5

2. Hin ti tip din:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are not + Ving
(?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving
* Cch dng:
_ ang xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh hin ti.
_ Sp xy ra c d nh t trc.
_ S vic thng xuyn xy ra,gy bc mnh, kh chu cho ngi khc.Thng dng vi cc
t always ,constantly,continually,
VD: She is always complaining about her work.
_ Khng dng vi cc ng t chi gic nh: SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE...
* Trng t i km: At the moment; at this time; right now; now; ........
3. Hin ti hon thnh:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII?
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra trong qa kh, kt qu lin quan n hin ti.( Nhn mnh n kt qu ca hnh
ng)
* Trng t: just; recently; lately; ever; never; already; yet; since; for; so far; until now;
up to now; up to present..
6

* M rng :
a. Nhn mnh n tnh kt qu ca mt hnh ng
Ex: I have read this book three times
b. c s dng trong mt s cng thc sau:
- I have studied English since I was 6 years old
- He has played squash for 4 years
- I have been to London twice
- I have never seen her before
- She has just finished her project
- She has already had breakfast
- He has not met her recently
c. Du hiu
Ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for.
4. Hin ti hon thnh tip din:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + have/has been + Ving
(-) S + have/has been + Ving
(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving?
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti v c th tip tc xy ra trong tng lai. ( Nhn
mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng)
* Trng t i km: just; recently; lately; ever; never; since; for.
* M rng :
a. Nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca mt hnh ng
Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime
b.c s dng trong mt s cng thc sau:
- I have been running all the afternoon
- She has been hoping to meet him all day long
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- I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all the morning.
- How long have you been playing the piano?
- She has been teaching here for about 12 years
c.Du hiu
All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long..
5. Qu kh n:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + Ved/ PI-ct 2 trong bng ng t bt quy tc.
(-) S + didnt + V
(?) Did + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra v chm dt hon ton trong qu kh,bit r thi gian.
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra lin tip trong qu kh. VD: When we saw Tom last night, we
stopped the car.
_ Thi quen,cm gic,s thch,nhn thc qu kh,. VD: I played football very often when
I was younger.
_ Hnh ng,s vic xy ra sut mt khong thi gian trong qu kh,nhng nay hon
ton chm dt. VD: John lived in Paris for three years,but now he lives in New York.
* Trng t i km: Yesterday; the day before yesterday; ago; already; last; in + mc thi
gian trong qu kh, the other day, last night/week/month/year,

6. Qu kh tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + was/ were + Ving
(-) S + was / were not + Ving.
(?) Was/ Were + S + Ving ?
* Cch dng:
_ Cc hnh ng xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong qu kh.
_ 1 hnh ng ang xy ra 1 hnh ng khc xen vo: hnh ng ang xy ra dng QKTD;
hnh ng xen vo dng QK.\
_ S vic xy ra thng xuyn trong qu kh ,gy bc mnh ,phin toi.
VD: She was always boasting about her work when she worked here.
* T ni i km: While; when.
7. Qu kh hon thnh:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + had + PII
(-) S + had not + PII
(?) Had + S + PII ?
*Cch dng:
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong QK ( hnh ng xy ra trc dng
QKHT; hnh ng xy ra sau dng QK)
_ Hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh.
_ Trong cu iu kin loi 3.

* Trng t i km: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trc); already; never; ever;
until...
8. Qu kh hon thnh tip din (t dng):
* Cu trc:
(+) S + had been + Ving
(-) S + hadnt been + ving
(?) Had + S + been + Ving?
* Cch dng:
_ Ch hnh ng v ang din ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh (
nhn mnh n tnh lin tc ca hnh ng)
* Trng t: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trc); already; ever; until
9. Tng lai n:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngy nay c th dng vi tt c cc
(-) S + will/ shall not + V ngi nhng shall dng vi I v WE )
(?)Will / Shall + S + V?
* Cch dng:
_ Sp xy ra trong tng lai khng c d nh trc.
_ Cu yu cu; ngh; li ha; d on cho tng lai.
_ Trong cu iu kin loi 1.
* Trng t: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in + thi gian tng lai
10

Tng lai gn:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + is/am/are + going to + V
(-) S + is/am/ are not + going to + V
(?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to + V?
* Cch dng:
_ Sp xy ra trong tng lai c d nh trc.
_ Chc chn s xy ra trong tng lai theo 1 tnh hung cho trc.
* Trng t: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in+ thi gian tng lai
10. Tng lai tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will / shall + be + Ving
(-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving
(?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving?
* Cch dng:
_ ang xy ra ti thi im xc nh trong tng lai.
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong tng lai.
* Trng t: cc trng t nh trong tng lai n; nhng phi da vo tng hon cnh c
th chia th.
11

11. Tng lai hon thnh:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will / shall + have + PII
(-) S will/ shall not + have + PII
(?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII?
* Cch dng:
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai.
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong tng lai.
* Trng t: By the time; By + mc thi gian trong qu kh.
12.Tng lai hon thnh tip din:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + will have been + Ving
(-) S + wont have been + Ving
(?) (How long) + will + S + have been + Ving?
*Cch dng:
_ Kt hp vi mnh thi gian ( by the time + th hin ti n )
_ Din t hnh ng v ang xy ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng
lai.
* Du hiu nhn bit: By the time + mnh thi gian th hin ti; by + ngy/ gi.
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CU B NG
Cng thc chung :
S+BE+past participle(P2)
1.CC CNG THC C TH CA CC TH:

1. i vi Hin ti n gin : S + am/is/are+P2
2. i vi Hin ti tip din : S +am/is/are+being+P2
3. i vi Hin ti Han thnh: S + have/has+been+P2
4. i vi Qu kh n gin: S + was/were+P2
5. i vi Qu kh tip din: S + was/were+being+P2
6. i vi Tng lai n gin: S + will+be+P2
7. i vi Tng lai gn: S + to be+going to+Be+P2
8. i vi Tng lai han thnh: S + will have been+P2
9. i vi Qu kh hon thnh: S + had been+P2
2.TH B NG CA MODAL VERB
1/ Cu trc 1: S + modal Verb +Verb infinitive(Vinf) (th ch ng)
Dng ch hnh ng xy ra trong hin ti hoc tng lai.
>>> Th b ng
S+modal verb + be +P2.
EX: I must do this homework.
>> This homework must be done.
2/Cu trc 2: S + modal Verb + have +P2 (th ch ng)
Dng ch nhng hnh ng cn phi lm trong qu kh hoc ng l phi xy ra nhng
khng lm. Hoc nhng hnh ng on bit chc hn phi xy ra trong qu kh.
>>>B ng:
S + modal Verb + have been +P2
3. CC TRNG HP C BIT:
1/ It's your duty to+Vinf
>>> B ng: You're supposed to + V
EX: It's your duty to make tea today.
>> You are supposed to make tea today.
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2/ It's impossible to+Vinf

>>>b ng: S + can't + be + P2
EX: It's impossible to solve this problem.
>> This problem can't be solved.
3/ It's necessary to + Vinf
>>> b ng: S + should/ must + be +P2
EX: It's necessary for you to type this letter.
>> This letter should/ must be typed by you.
4/ Mnh lnh thc + Object.
>>> b ng: S + should/must + be +P2.
EX: Turn on the lights!
>> The lights should be turned on.
4. B NG CA NG T MAKE/ LET/HELP
Cng thc ch ng : S + make/ let/help + sb+ Vinf.
>>> B ng: S +be+ made /helped + to + V
S + be + let + V
EX:
My parent never let me do anything by myself.
>> I'm never let do anything by myself.
They made him tell them everything.
>> He was made to tell them everything.
5.B NG CA CU TRC " NH AI LM G".
Ch ng: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf
>>>B ng: S + have/ get + sth +done.
EX: I have my father repair my bike.
>> I have my bike repaired by my father.
6.B NG CA NG T I SAU N L MT NG T DNG VING.
Cc ng t nh : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit,
involve, deny, avoid....etc
>> Ch ng: S + V + sb Ving
B ng: S + V + sb/st + being + P2
EX: I like you wearing this dress.
>> I like this dress being worn by you.
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7.B NG CA CC NG T TRI GIC (see, smell, hear, feel.)

1/ Cu trc 1: S + V + sb + Ving.
(Ai chng kin ngi khc lm g v ch thy 1 phn ca hnh ng hoc 1 hnh ng
dand din ra b 1 hnh ng khc xen vo)
EX: Opening the door, we saw her overhearing us.
2/ Cu trc 2: S + V + sb + V.
(Ai chng kin ngi khc lm g t u n cui)
EX: I saw him close the door and drive his car away.
NOTE: ring cc ng t : feel, find, catch th ch s dng cng thc 1.
>> B ng: S + be + P2(of V) + to +Vinf
EX: He was seen to close the door and drive his car away.
8.B NG C BIT
1/ Khi main verb (ng t chnh) th HIN TI.
Cng thc:
People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report.....+ that + clause.
>> B ng:
a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported...+ that + clause
( trong clause = S + V+ O)
b/ ng t trong clause th HIN TI N hoc TNG LAI N
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + V(nguyn th)
V d: People say that he is a good doctor.
>> It's said that he is a good doctor.
He is said to be a good doctor.
c/ ng t trong clause th qu kh n hoc hin ti hon thnh:
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
EX: People think he stole my car.
>> It's thought he stole my car.
>>He is thought to have stolen my car.
2/ Khi ng t chnh th QU KH.
Cng thc:
People/they + thought/said/supposed...+ that + clause.
>>B ng:
a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed...+ that + clause.
b/ ng t trong clause th qu kh n :
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + Vinf.
EX: People said that he is a good doctor.
15

>> It was said that he is a good doctor.

He was said to be a good doctor.
c/ ng t trong clause th qu kh hon thnh:
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
EX: They thought he was one of famous singers.
>> It was thought he was one of famous singers.
He was thought to be one of famous singers.
9. B NG CA TM NG T C BIT.
Cc ng t : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend.
Cng thc:
S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + clause.
( trong clause = S + Vinf + O)
>> B ng:
It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2.
( trong "be" l khng i v ng t trong clause cu ch ng dng V nguyn th)
V d: He suggested that she buy a new car.
>> It was suggessted that a new car be bought.
10. B NG CA CU TRC CH NG GI " IT".
Cng thc:
It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.
>>B ng:
It + be + adj + for sth + to be done.
EX: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour
>> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour.
11. B NG TRONG TRNG HP 2 TN NG.
Trong : Oi = Indirect Object. (tn ng gin tip)
Od = Direct Object. (tn ng trc tip)
Gii thch: V tn ng trc tip v tn ng gin tip:
Tn ng trc tip l tn ng tr li cho cu hi "What?" (Ci g?)
Tn ng gin tip l tn ng tr li cho cu hi "To whom?" (ti ai ) hoc "For whom?"
(cho ai )
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V d c th:
Hang Thuy sent Linh Trang a bouquet yesterday. (Hang Thuy tng em Linh Trang mt b
hoa ngy hm qua).
y ta c th thy c 2 tn ng l "Linh Trang" v "a bouquet".
Vy u l tn ng trc tip, u l tn ng gin tip?
Ta th t cu hi cho chng nha:
_ What did Hang Thuy send Linh Trang? (Th Hang Thuy gi cho Linh Trang ci g y)
----> A bouquet ---> A bouquet l tn ng trc tip
_ To whom did Hang Thuy send a bouquet? (Hang Thuy gi b hoa cho ai vy?)
-----> Linh Trang ----> Linh Trang l tn ng gin tip
Cng thc:
S + V + Oi + Od
>>B ng:
1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od.
2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi.
( ring ng t " buy" dng gii t " for" ).
EX: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.
> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday.
>I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.
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CU GIN TIP
Qui tc chung khi chuyn cu trc tip sang cu gin tip:
+ ng t trn thut th qu kh.
+B du ngoc kp.
+C th c hoc khng c THAT.
+Thay i i t nhn xng v Tnh t s hu, trng t ch thi gian v a im cho ph
hp.
Cc dng cu gin tip
1. Cu mnh lnh (Cu khin)
- i ng t gii thiu sang TELL (ask, tell, order, advise, remind, warn, urge, beg )
Structure: S - V- O - (NOT)- TO + V
Ex: He said to me: Open the door, please
He asked me to open the door.
i i t nhn xng , tnh t s hu , trng t ch thi gian v ni chn nh cc trng hp
trc nu cn thit .
2. Cu k: Statements
ng t trn thut: SAY (to sb) , TELL , ANNOUNCE , INFORM , DECLARE , ASURE ,
REMARK , DENY.....
Qui tc thay i th:
Cu trc tip
Cu gin tip
1.Hin ti n (Simple Present)
=> 1.Qu kh n (Simple Past)
2.Hin ti tip din (Present Continuous) => 2.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous)
3.Hin ti hon thnh (Present Perfect) => 3.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect)
4.Qu kh n ( Simple Past)
=>
4.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect)
5.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous) => 5.Qu kh hon thnh tip din ( Past perfect
Continuous)
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6.Tng lai n (Simple Future) => 6.Tng lai qu kh ( Future in the past : Would + V)
7.Tng lai hon thnh (Future Perfect) => 7. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional )
8.iu kin hin ti ( Present Conditional)=> 8. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional )
*** Qui tc thay i trng t:

This =>That
These =>Those
Now =>Then
Here =>There
Today =>That day
Tomorrow=> The next day / The following day / The day after
Next week , month, year =>The following week / month / Year
Yesterday =>The day before / The previous day
Last night / week / month /year =>The night/week / year before
hoc the previous night/ week / month / year
Tonight =>that night
Ago earlier / Before ( Ex : 2 days ago ----> 2 days before / earlier )
-Thng th dng THAT s hay hn
-Trong cu tng thut , ng t khim khuyt MUST thng cc chuyn thnh HAD TO ,
NEEDN'T chuyn thnh DID NOT HAVE TO , nhng MUST , SHOULD , SHOULDN'T khi
ch s cm on , li khuyn vn c gi nguyn
VD : 1. His father said to him : "You must study harder"
=> His father told him that he had to study harder
( B cu ta bo rng cu ta phi hc chm hn )
2. Hoa said :"You needn't water the flowers because it rained last night"
=> Hoa said that he didn't have to water the flowers because it had rained the day before
(Hoa ni rng anh y ko cn phi ti hoa v ti qua tri ma)
3. The doctor said to Nam : "You should stay in bed"
=> The doctor told Nam that he should stay in bed
( V bc s bo Nam rng cu ta nn nm trn ging)
_ Nu cu ni trc tip din t 1 s tht hin nhin th khi chuyn sang cu tng thut ng
t vn ko i .
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Ex : The professor said : "The moon revolves around the earth"

=> The professor said that the moon revolves around the earth
( V gio s ni rng mt trng quay xung quanh tri t)
_ Nu ng t gii thiu trong cu ni trc tip th hin ti hoc tng lai ( SAY/WILL
SAY , HAVE SAID ...) th ng t trong cu tng thut v cc trng t ch thi gian v ni
chn khi c i sang vn ko i
Ex : She says : "The train will leave here in 5 minutes"
=> She says that the train will leave there in 5 minutes
3. Cu hi: (WH- questions )
_ i ng t trn thut SAY thnh ASK ( hoc WONDER , WANT TO KNOW...)sau
thm tn ng sau ng t ASK nu cn thit ( EX : Ask me , ask Tom...)
a. Cu hi c t hi :
_ Lp li t nghi vn ( WHO , WHEN WHAT...) ca cu ni trc tip
b. Cu hi khng c t hi (Yes / No questions)
- t IF hay WHETHER trc ch ng ca cu ni c tng thut li .
- Sau : Chuyn cu trc cu nghi vn thnh cu trc khng nh trong li ni gin tip.
- Vn li th, chuyn ngi, chuyn thi gian, ni chn . bnh thng theo quy tc trn.
Ex : 1. Dung said :"What did you do yesterday ?" = > Dung asked me what I had done the day
before. ( Dung hi ti lm g vo ngy hm trc )
2. Dung asked him : "Do you like swimming ?" = > Dung asked him if he liked
swimming .
4. Suggest + V.ing / THAT clause
V d : Lets go to that new caf. said Ann.
=> Ann suggested going to that new caf.
=> Ann suggested (that) we go/should go/ went to that new caf
5.Cu cm thn
Cu cm thn thng c thut li bng ng t exclaim,say that.
V d: What a beautiful house !
=> She exclaimed /said that the house was beautiful.
6.Cu hn hp.
Khi i cu hn hp sang cu gin tip ta i theo tng phn,dng ng t gii thiu ring
cho tng phn.
20

V d : Peter said : What time is it? I must go now.

=> Peter asked what time it was and said that he had to go then .
Cu mnh lnh, ngh
1.Cu ngh
S + asked/ told/ ordered (sbd) + (not) to V
2.Cu mi (Would you like......?) ( lu : vit li cu nm 2015 c cu dng th ny :3 )
=> S + invited/ offered (sbd) + to V
3.Li khuyn (should/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why dont you)
=> S + advised (sbd) + (not) to V
4.Li ha
S + promised + (not) to V
* Mt s cu trc i vi Ving:
Congartulated...........on
Apologised for
Accused ........of
Dreamed of
Thanked.....for
Insisted on
+ V_ing
Looked forward to
Admitted
Suggested
Think of
Denied
Prevented........from
Stop ...........from
Warn .......against
21

I T QUAN H-MNH QUAN H

*KHI NIM : I T QUAN H V MNH QUAN H
-Mnh quan h l mnh b ngha cho 1 danh t hoc 1 i t trong cu.
V d: The students " who come from Japan" work very hard.
---> trong cu ny "who come from Japan" l mnh quan h b ngha cho danh t "the
students"
-i t quan h gii thiu cho mnh quan h.
---> Trong v d trn , 'who' l TQH, gii thiu mnh "who come from Japan'
I T QUAN H 'WHO'
-Dng thay th cho ch ng l ngi.
ex: She's a girl. She works in the library.
---->She is girl who works in the library.
-Dng thay th cho tn ng ch ngi.
ex: This is the man . We hired him last week.
----> This is the man who we hired last week. (thay th cho tn ng him)
I T QUAN H 'WHICH'
-Dng thay th cho ch ng ch vt.
ex: Corful is an island. It has many beautiful beaches.
------>Corful is an island which has many beautiful beaches.
-Dng thay th cho tn ng ch vt.
ex: Here is the alarm clock. I bought it yesterday.
----> Here is the alarm clock which i bought yesterday.
I T QUAN H 'WHOM'
-Dung thay th cho tn ng ch ngi.
ex: That is the girl. I met her at school yesterday.
-----> That is the girl whom I met at school yesterday.
22

I T QUAN H "WHOSE'
-Dng thay th cho s hu ca ngi hoc vt.
ex: That is the boy. His sister won the prize.
---->That is the boy whose sister won the prize.
ex: That is the bag. Its handle is broken.
----> That is the bag whose handle is broken.
-NOTE: Khi mun thay th cho s hu ca vt , ngi ta cn dng "OF WHICH"
ex: -----> That is the bag the handle of which is broken.
I T QUAN H 'THAT'
-Dng th cho ch ng ch ngi .
ex: She's the teacher . She came to our class last week.
-----> She's the teacher that came to ....
-Th cho ch ng ch vt.
ex: This's the house. It belongs to my frd.
----> This's the house that belongs ...
-Th cho tn ng ch ngi.
ex: This is the girl. I used to love her.
----> This is the girl that i used to love.
-Th cho tn ng ch vt.
ex: Here is the book. u left it on my desk.
----> Here is the book that u left on my desk.
TRNG T QUAN H 'WHERE'
- thay th cho cc t/cm t ch a im, ni chn.
ex: This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here.
----> This is my hometown where I was born and grew up.
TRNG T QUAN H 'WHEN'
-Thay th cho cm t/t ch thi gian.
ex: That was the summer . I met my wife then.
----> That was the summer when i met my wife.
23

CH :
+ THAT thay th cho WHO hoc WHICH nhng ko bao gi ng sau du phy hoc gii t.
+THAT thng theo sau so snh hn nht , hoc cc cm nh 'sth, nothing, anything, all,
none, many , few"
ex: There's sth that u don't know.
She's the tallest girl that I've never met.
+ Trnh s dng gii t cho TQH.
+ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT c th c lc b khi chng l tn ng ca MQH.
*MNH QUAN H RT GN V LC GIN I T QUAN H
Nu ni mt cch ngn gn nht:
1, Lc b i t quan h ch l lc i nhng t who, whom, which Nhng t ny chnh
l i t quan h.
2, Mnh quan h rt gn: c th lc b nhiu hn, bao gm c tobe. Nhng ng t
chnh s thng c chia v 2 dng ph bin l V-ing v V-ed
C th hn:
I. LC B I T QUAN H
Khi no c th lc b i t quan h WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM
- Khi n lm tc t v pha trc n khng c du phy ,khng c gii t ( whose khng c
b )
This is the book which I buy.
Ta thy which l tc t ( ch t l I ,ng t l buy ) ,pha trc khng c phy hay gii t g
c nn c th b which i :
-> This is the book I buy.
This is my book , which I bought 2 years ago.
Trc ch which c du phy nn khng th b c .
This is the house in which I live .
Trc which c gii t in nn cng khng b which c .
This is the man who lives near my house.
Who l ch t ( ca ng t lives ) nn khng th b n c .
II. MNH QUAN H RT GN:
c cc dng sau:
1) Dng cm Ving :
Dng cho cc mnh ch ng
The man who is standing there is my brother
24

The man standing there is my brother

2) Dng cm P.P:
Dng cho cc mnh b ng .
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
(dng 1 v 2 l 2 dng v cng ph bin)
3) Dng cm to inf.
Dng khi danh t ng troc c cc ch sau y b ngha :
ONLY,LAST,s th t nh: FIRST,SECOND
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
-ng t l HAVE/HAD
I have many homework that I must do.
I have many homework to do.
-u cu c HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NH :
Trong phn to inf ny cn nh 2 iu sau:
- Nu ch t 2 mnh khc nhau th thm cm for sb trc to inf.
We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhin nu ch t l i t c ngha chung chung nh we,you,everyone. th c th
khng cn ghi ra.
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nu trc relative pronoun c gii t th phi em xung cui cu. ( y l li d sai nht).
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
4) Dng cm danh t (ng cch danh t )
Dng khi mnh tnh t c dng:
S + BE + DANH T /CM DANH T/CM GII T
Cch lm:
-b who ,which v be
Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Do you like the book which is on the table?
25

Do you like the book on the table?

PHNG PHP LM BI LOI RT GN:
Khi hc th ta hc t d n kh nhng khi lm bi th ngc li phi suy lun t kh n d.
Boc 1 :
- Tm xem mnh tnh t nm ch no
Bc ny cng d v mnh tnh t thng bt u bng WHO,WHICH,THAT
BC 2 :
Bc ny ch yu l gim t mnh xung cm t, tuy nhin cch suy lun cng phi theo
th t nu khng s lm sai.
V d:
This is the first man who was arrested by police yesterday.
Mi nhn ta thy y l cu b ng ,nu vi vng th s d dng bin n thnh :
This is the first man arrested by police yesterday sai
Tht ra p n l :
This is the first man to be arrested by police yesterday ng
Vy th cch thc no khng b sai ?
Cc bn hy ln lt lm theo cc boc sau.
1. Nhn xem mnh c cng thc S + BE + CM DANH T khng ? Nu c p dng cng
thc 4 .
2. Nu khng c cng thc th xem tip troc who which c cc du hiu first
,onlyv..v khng ,nu c th p dng cng thc 3 (to inf. ) lu thm xem 2 ch t c khc
nhau khng ( dng for sb )
3 .Nu khng c 2 trong hp trn mi xt xem cu ch ng hay b ng m dng VING
hay P.P..
26

CU IU KIN
*** LOI ZERO (0):
*Cng thc
If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n), Mnh 2 (th hin ti n)
=> Khi mun nhn nh ai :
V d: If you see Nam, you tell him Im in Vietnam
(Nu bn gp Nam, you hy nhn anh y rng ti ang Vit Nam nh)
+ Ch thi quen:
E.g: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the
afternoon
(Nu bc s lm vic vn phng vo bui sang, th ng ving thm cc bnh nhn ca ng
vo bui chiu)
+ If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (mnh lnh thc)
=> Dng khi mun nhn mnh
V d: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 654321
(Nu bn c bt k rc ri no, xin hy gi cho ti qua s in thoi 654321)
***LOI 1:
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (th tng lai n gin)
=>Din t hnh ng c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai
E.g: If you dont water the trees, they ll die
(Nu bn khng ti nc cho cy, chng s cht )=>hnh ng ny hin ti cng c th xy
ra hoc tng lai cng vy
If my father gives me some money, tomorrow Ill buy a dictionary
(Nu b ti cho ti tin, ngy mai ti s mua 1 cun t in)
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (may/can +V)
+ ch s kh nng khch quan
E.g: Its sunny. If we go out without a hat, We may get a headache
(Tri ang nng. Nu chng ti i chi m khng i m, Chng ti c th b au u)
+ Ch s cho php
E.g: If you finish your test, You can go home
(Nu bn lm xong bi kim tra, bn c php ra v)
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (must + V)
=> ch yu cu, ngh
27

E.g: If you want to get good marks, You must do exercises

(Nu bn mun c im cao, bn phi lm bi tp)
***LOI 2:
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh n gin), Mnh 2 (would/could/might + V)
+ Din t hnh ng khng c tht hin ti hoc tng lai
E.g: It isn't cold now so I switch on the fans
==>If it were cold now, we wouldn't switch on the fans.
(Nu tri lnh, chng ti s khng bt qut) =>hin ti tri khng lnh nn chng ti bt qut
hoc nu tuong lai xy ra th cng vy
* Note: Chng ta dng were cho tt c cc ngi, khng dng was
If I were a bird, I would fly
(Nu ti l 1 con chim, ti s bay c)
+ S tic nui hin ti hoc tuong lai
E.g: If he helped me, I could do something
(Nu anh y gip ti, ti c th lm iu g )=>Hin tai th ti ang tic nui v anh y
khng gip ti
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh n gin), Mnh 2 (could/might + V)
=> Ch kh nng
E.g: If he tried, he might succeed
(Nu anh y c gng, anh y s thnh cng)
E.g: If I lived in France, I could speak French well
(Nu ti sng Php, ti s ni ting Php gii)
*** LOI 3:
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (would have + P2)
+ Din t hnh ng khng c tht qu kh
E.g: She attended the beauty contest so she won the prize
==> If she hadnt attended the beauty contest, she wouldnt have won the prize
(Nu c y khng tham d cuc thi sc p, c y s khng ginh c gii thng)=> s tht
th trong qu kh c y tham gia cuc thi & ginh c gi thng)
+ s tic nui trong qu kh
E.g: If we had prepared our last lesson carefully, we would have got good marks
(Nu chng ti chun b bi hc cui cng cn thn, chng ti s t c im cao)=> trong
qu kh h tic nui rng h khng chun b bi tt, v vy h khng t im cao
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (would have + P2)
=> ch s cho php.
E.g: If you had finished your homework last night, you could have gone to the cinema
28

(Nu ti qua bn lm xong bi tp, bn s c i n rp chiu phim)=> ngi ni ang tic

nui cho nguoi d v ti qua ngi khng lm xong bi tp nn ngi khng c php
i
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (might have + P2)
=> ch kh nng khch quan.
E.g: If it had rained much, the last crop might have been better
(Nu tri c ma, v ma cui cng s tt hn y)
*** CU IU KIN HN HP
Cu iu kin hn hp loi 1
- Trong ting Anh, ngoi 3 loi cu iu kin chnh, cn c nhiu cch khc nhau dng din
t iu kin trong mnh iu kin vi If.
- y l cu iu kin hn hp loi 1, n l s kt hp ca cu iu kin loi 3 v cu iu
kin loi 2.
- Ta dng cu iu kin hn hp loi 1 din t gi thit tri ngc vi qu kh, nhng kt
qu th tri ngc vi hin ti.
Cu trc:
If + S + had + P.P (qu kh phn t), S + would + V (nguyn mu)
V d:
If he had worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
(Nu anh ra hc hnh chm ch hn, th gii y anh ta l mt sinh vin ri.)
If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
(Nu ti lm theo li khuyn ca anh y th gi y ti giu ri)
Cu iu kin hn hp loi 2
- Cu iu kin hn hp loi 2 l s kt hp ca cu iu kin loi 2 v cu iu kin loi 3
- Ta dng cu iu kin hn hp loi 2 din t gi thit tri ngc vi thc ti, cn kt qu
th tri ngc vi qu kh.
Cu trc:
If + S + V (qu kh) , S + would + have + P.P
V d:
If I were you, I would have learned English earlier.
(Nu ti l bn th ti hc ting Anh sm hn.)
29

If he didnt love her, he wouldnt have married her.

(Nu anh y khng yu ch y th anh y khng ly c y lm v.)
SO SNH TNH T V TRNG T

CU TRC CU CA CC DNG SO SNH TRONG TING ANH
1. Equality(So snh bng)
Vi tobe :
S1+ be + as + adj + as + S2
S1 + be + not + so/as + adj + S2
Vi ng t thng
S1 + V + as + adv + as +S2
S1 + do not / does not / did not+ V + as + adv + as + S2
Ex:
+She is as stupid as I/me
+This boy is as tall as that one
(Khng lp li t dng ch ng)
Population of Ho Chi Minh city isn't as much as that of Bangkok.
2. Comparative(So snh hn)
Short Adj (tnh t ngn):S1 + be+ adj + ER + than + S2
V + adv
Long Adj (tnh t di): S1 + be + more/less + adj + than + S2
V
adv
Ex:
She is taller than I/me
This bor is more intelligent than that one.
3. Superlative(So snh nht)
Short adj:S + V + the + adj + est + N/pronoun
Long adj:S + V + the most + adj + N/pronoun.
30

Ex:
She is the tallest girl in the village.
He is the most gellant boy in class.
Dng khc:S + V + the least + adj + N/pronoun(t nht)
- Much v by far thng c dng nhn mnh so snh nht.
VD: Shes by far the oldest.
*Ch :
- 1.Nhng tnh t ngn kt thc bng mt ph m m ngay trc n l nguyn m duy nht th
chng ta nhn i ph m ln ri thm "er" trong so snh hn v "est" trong so snh
nht.(ex:hot-->hotter/hottest)
-2.Nhng tnh t c hai vn,kt thc bng ch "y" th i "y" thnh "i" ri thm "er" trong so
snh hn v "est" trong so snh nht(ex:happy-->happier/happiest)
- 3.Nhng tnh t/trng t c t hai m tr ln gi l tnh t di,mt m gi l tnh t
ngn.Tuy nhin,mt s tnh t c hai vn nhng kt thc bng "le","et","ow","er"vn xem l
tnh t ngn
4. Cc tnh t so snh bt quy tc th hc thuc lng
good/better/the best
bad/worse/the worst
many(much)/more/the most
little/less/the least
far/farther(further)/the farthest(the furthest)
5. Double comparison(So snh kp)
1. Tnh t ngn: ngha : cng..cng
Cng thc
The Adj + er + S V, the Adj +er + S V
Ex : The higher the sun rises, the warmer the weather is.
(Mt tri cng ln cao,thi tit cng m p)
2. Tnh t di
Cng thc
The more + Adj + S+ V, the more + Adj + S + V
Ex : - The more difficult the test is, the more nervous the students are.
31

(Bi kim tra cng kh,hc sinh cng lo s hn)
GHI CH
So snh kp vn c th p dng cho Trng t,Danh t,ng t
Ex : - The more books you read, the more knowledge you get.
( so snh Danh t)
- The more I meet him, the more I hate him.
- The faster you drive, the sooner you arrive.
( so snh ng t )
( so snh Trng t )
- Hai v so snh c th khc nhau

Ex : - The longer he waited, the more impatient he became.
( so snh trng t v tnh t)
- The more electricity you use, the higher your bill is.
( so snh Danh t v Tnh t )
- The faster people drive, the more accidents happen.
( so snh Trng t v Danh t )
6. Multiple Numbers Comparison (So snh gp nhiu ln)
S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as + N/pronoun.
multiple numbers:half/twice/3,4,5...times/Phn s/phn trm.
Ex: She types twice as fast as I.
In many countries in the world with the same job,women only get 40%-50% as much as salary
as men.
32

T LOI
1. Noun: Danh t thng kt thc bng: -tion, -ment, -er, -or, -ism, -ity, -ness, -ance, ence, -ar, -cy
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, friendship, relationship,
shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........
==> 1 s Danh t c bit: building, planning, funding, representatives,.
Sau a, an, the, this, that, these, those. + N
Sau my, your, her, his.+ N
N + V ==> ng u cu (ch ng)
V (Thng hoc TOBE) + N ==> ng sau V l O (tn ng) ca ng t: I am a
student
Adj + N : beautiful voice, radical change,
N + N = Compound noun (Danh t ghp) : Maintenance Officer, Payroll Department,
Book store, rain coat, pay increase,
Preposition (Gii t) + N/Ving
2. Adj: Tnh t thng kt thc bng: -ful, -less, -al, -ble, -ous, -like, -ic,-ent, -ed, -ant, ing, -ive
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international,
acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish,
selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific,
scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring, significant, subsequent
- Sau ng t tobe: (SAU TOBE + ADJ) - Ex: She is beautiful
- Trc danh t, b ngha cho danh t - Ex: This is an interesting book
- Sau cc t nhn thc tri gic ( phn ny quan trng c nhiu bn khng bit) : look,
feel, seem, smell, taste, Find/Make + O + adj, sound, stay, remain, become (ch cn nh
nhng t ny thi nh)
33

3. Adv: Trng t thng c thnh lp bng cch thm ui ly vo tnh t

Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
Mt s trng t c bit cn ghi nh
Adj
Adv
good
well
late
late/lately
ill
ill
fast
fast
- ng u cu, TRC du phy.
Ex: Luckily, he passed the exam
- B ngha cho ng t, ng TRC hoc SAU ng t
Ex: She drives carefully / She carefully drives her car
- B ngha cho tnh t, ng TRC tnh t
Ex: She is very beautiful / She is extremely beaufiful
- B ngha cho trng t, ng TRC trng t m n b ngha
Ex: She drives extremely carefully
* CCH LM BI TP T LOI:
+ 6 t ui al l Danh t cn nh:
- potential: Tim nng
- removal: s xa b
- renewal: s i mi, lm mi
- arrival: s n
- proposal: xut
- approval: s chp thun
==> Nguyn tc chung: NHN NG SAU CH TRNG TRC
- Nu ng SAU ch trng c Danh t ==> Chn ngay ADJ (V ADJ + N)
34

==> TRONG P N M C 3 TNH T (-VING/-ED/GC) ==> U TIN CHN

TNH T GC (-ive, - ous, -ble..)
- Nu ng SAU ch trng khng c Danh t m ng TRC ch trng l ADV
==> p dng 2 cng thc:
- BE + ADV + ADJ
- V + ADV + ADV
==> Nu ng SAU ch trng KHNG C Danh t m ng TRC ch trng KHNG
C ADV
==> LOI ADJ
- ng TRC v SAU ch trng l NG T ==> CHN ADV

+ ng t khim khuyt (Can/could/should/might/have to/must)
==> CT: Can/could/should/might/have to/must + (Adv) + V + (Adv) (ng sau CH
TRNG khng c Danh t)
+ B NG ca ng t khim khuyt (Can/could/should/might/have to/must+ BE +
V3/Ved)
==> CT: Can/could/should/might/have to/must+ (Adv) + BE + (Adv) + V3/Ved + (adv)
(ng sau CH TRNG khng c Danh t)
- GII T + N/Ving
==> Chn Ving khi ng sau c TN NG/CM DANH T/DANH T (KHC GII T)
==> Hay GII T + VING (ADJ-gc) + TN NG/CM DANH T/DANH T
==> CT CN NH: GII T + ADV + VING
35

- ng sau ch trng m c cc TR NG T has/have/am/is/are/were/was/can/could/should/might

==> Cc t ny BT U BNG 1 V NG ==> ng trc n l 1 DANH T
- More/most + ADV/ADJ:
+ Dng adj: Khi trc n l TOBE, BECOME, REMAIN, STAY, FEEL, FIND/MAKE + O
+ADJ,..
+ Dng adv: Khi trc n l V
- Mo t + N + gii t
- A/an + Danh t m c s t
- THE + Danh t m c s t/nhiu/Danh t khng m c
==> Tt c nhng danh t ch ngi (c ui - ar, or, er,..) hay tt c nhng DANH T M
C
==> Phi c MO T hoc l THM s
==> DANH T KHNG M C PHI NG 1 MNH
* CH :
- KHNG C DNG:
==> N + ADJ + N (SAI) ==> Ch c N + N + N ==> N ghp
VD: we invite qualified professionals for urban.................project.
A. renew
B. renewed
C. renewal
D. renewing
==> ADJ + MO T + N (SAI) ==> Ch c Dng MO T + ADJ + N
36

O NG (INVERSION)
1. o ng vi NO v NOT
No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2. o ng vi cc trng t ph nh: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
3. o ng vi ONLY
Only one/only later
Only in this way
Only in that way
Only then
Only after + N
+ Tr ng t + S + V (inf)
Only by + V_ing/ N
Only when+ clause
Only with+ N
Only if+ clause
Only in+ adv of time/ place
Eg: Only one did i meet her

Only after all gest had gone home could we relax
7. o ng vi SO
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
Ex:
So dark is it that I can't write
37

So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself

So difficult was the exam that few student pass it
So attractive is she that many boys run after her
8. So+ adjective+ be+ N+ clause
So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview
9. o ng vi until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home
= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key
10. o ng vi No where+ Au+ S+V
No where in the world is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country
11. o ng vi cu iu kin
a, Cu k loi 1: If clause = should+S+V
Should she come late she wil miss the train
should he lend me some money I will buy that houseb,
b,Cu k loi 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
If I were you I would work harder
=Were I you........
If I knew her I would invite her to the party
= Were I to know her........
c, Cu k loi 3 : If clause = Had+S+PII
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me...........
12.Cu trc o ng khc
1. In/Under no circumstances Aux + SV: d trong bt c hon cnh no (khng dng
ph nh trong mnh sau)
Ex: Under no circumstances must you betray your country
2. Hardly had S done when S did: va mi..th
No sooner had S done than S did: cha kp.th
38

Ex: - He had just gone out when his friend called

Hardly had he gone out when when his friend called
- The doorbell rang the moment she lay down
No sooner had she lain down than the door bell rang
3. No longer + Aux + S + V
Ex: They no longer keep in touch with each other
No longer do they keep in touch with each other
4. So/Such + adj/adv Aux + S + V
Ex: - He became so suspicious that he didnt let anyone in
So suspicious did he become that he didnt let anyone in
- He was such a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him
Such was he a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him/ So fast did he speak
that that it was difficult for us to follow him
5. Not only Aux + S+ V, but S also V
Ex: They robbed him. They beat him
Not only did they rob him, but they also beat him
6. Nor Aux + SV: cng th
Ex: She couldnt speak Italian nor could she speak Spanish
7.Neither and so
- A:"I am not into hip hop."
B: "Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
- A: "I am fond of flamenco dancing."
B: "So am I."
8. Conditionals with inversions

- Should S+V, S+V;
- Were S+N/to V, S+V
- Had S done, S would have done
Ex: -Should you meet him in Ha noi, give him my regards.
39

- Were I you, I would try again.

- Were they to escape, they would be arrested again.
- Had he kept calm, he would have succeeded.
9. Here/ There u cu:

Ex: There is a letter for you on the desk.
Here is your pen.
10. Here/ There trong cu cm thn:
Ex: There goes the bus!
Here comes George!
11. Inversions after adjectives
Ex: Blessed are the children who are still unaware of what the future holds.
Gone are the days when I could have been happy
12. Under/in/out/above V+S
Ex: The dog lay under the chair Under the chair lay the dog
13. o ng vi "as".
Ex: Elisabeth was too shy to dance, as was Gerald.
She decided to leave early, as did Gerald
40

CC MC NG PHP NH L
1.MO T (THE/AN/A)
* Chng ta dng "the" khi danh t ch i tng c c ngi ni ln ngi nghe bit r i
tng no . Ngc li, khi dng mo t bt nh a, an; ngi ni cp n mt i tng
chung hoc cha xc nh c.
The l mo t xc nh dng cho c danh t m c (s t ln s nhiu) v danh t khng
m c.
V d:
- The truth (s tht)
- The time (thi gian)
- The bicycle (mt chic xe p)
- The bicycles (nhng chic xe p)
Dng mo t xc nh
1. Khi vt th hay nhm vt th l duy nht hoc c xem l duy nht
V d:
- The sun (mt tri); the sea (bin c)
- The world (th gii); the earth (qu t)
2. Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny va mi c cp trc .
V d:
- I saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me.
(Ti thy mt ngi n xin. Ngi n xin y nhn ti vi v t m)
3. Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny c xc nh bng mt cm t hoc mt
mnh .
V d:
- The girl in uniform (C gi mc ng phc)
- The mechanic that I met (Ngi th my m ti gp)
- The place where I waited for him (Ni m ti i anh ta)
41

4. Trc mt danh t ch mt vt ring bit

V d:
- My father is working in the garden
- (Cha ti ang lm vic trong vn) [Vn nh ti]
- Please pass the dictionary (Lm n a quyn t in) [T in trn bn]
5. Trc so snh cc cp, Trc first (th nht), second (th nh), only (duy nht).... khi cc t
ny c dng nh tnh t hay i t.
V d:
- The first day (ngy u tin)
- The best time (thi gian thun tin nht)
- The only way (cch duy nht)
- The first to discover this accident (ngi u tin pht hin tai nn ny)
6. The + Danh t s t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt
V d:
- The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (C voi ang trong nguy c tuyt chng)
- The fast food has made life easier for housewives.(Thc n nhanh lm cho cc b ni tr
c cuc sng d dng hn)
7. The c th dng Trc mt thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi nht nh
V d:
- The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly difficult (Gii ch tim nh thy vic
bun bn ngy cng kh khn)
8. The + Danh t s tdng Trc mt ng t s t. i t l He / She /It
V d:
- The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys some comfort.
(Hnh khch i v hng nht tr tin nhiu hn hng tin nghi thoi mi)
9. The + Tnh ttng trng cho mt nhm ngi
V d:
-The old (ngi gi); the rich and the poor (ngi giu v ngi ngho)
10. The dng Trc nhng danh t ring ch bin, sng, qun o, dy ni, tn gi s nhiu
ca cc nc, sa mc, min
V d:
- The Pacific (Thi Bnh Dng);The Netherlands (H Lan)
- The Crimea (Vng Crim); The Alps (dy Alps)
42

11. The cng ng Trc nhng tn gi gm Danh t + of + danh t

V d:
- The Gulf of Mexico (Vnh Mhic)
- The United States of America (Hip chng quc Hoa K).
Nhng ngi ta li ni:
- South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bc M), West Germany (Ty c),mc d The
north of Spain (Bc Ty Ban Nha), The Middle East (Trung ng); The West (Ty Phng)
12. The + h ( s nhiu)ngha l Gia nh ...
V d:The Smiths = Gia nh Smith (v chng Smith v cc con)
* Chng ta dng a hoc an trc mt danh t s t m c. Chng c ngha l mt. Chng
c dng trong cu c tnh khi qut hoc cp n mt ch th cha c cp t trc.
V d:
A ball is round. (ngha chung, khi qut, ch tt c cc qu bng)
I saw a boy in the street. (chng ta khng bit cu b no, cha c cp trc )
1. Dng an vi:
Mo t an c dng trc t bt u bng nguyn m (trong cch pht m, ch khng phi
trong cch vit). Bao gm:
Cc t bt u bng cc nguyn m a, e, i, u,o: an aircraft, an empty glass, an object
Mt s t bt u bng u, y: an uncle, an umbrella
Mt s t bt u bng h cm: an heir, an hour
Cc t m u bng mt ch vit tt: an S.O.S, an M.P
2. Dng a vi:
Dng a trc cc t bt u bng mt ph m. Chng bao gm cc ch ci cn li v mt s
trng hp bt u bng u, y, h.
V d:a house, a university, a home party, a heavy load, a uniform, a union, a year income,...
ng trc mt danh t m u bng "uni..." phi dng "a" (a university/ a uniform/
universal/ union)
Dng trong cc thnh ng ch s lng nht nh nh: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a
dozen.
Dng trc nhng s m nht nh thng l hng ngn, hng trm nh a/one hundred a/one thousand.
Dng trc "half" (mt na) khi n theo sau mt n v nguyn vn: a kilo and a half, hay
43

khi n i ghp vi mt danh t khc ch na phn (khi vit c du gch ni): a half share, a half - holiday (ngy l ch ngh na ngy).
Dng vi cc n v phn s nh 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth.
Dng trong cc thnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l: $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, 4 times a
day.
2.EITHER/NEITHER/SO/TOO
* Too v So c ngha l "cng vy".
Khi nhc li mt iu ging ngi ni trc, ta c th dng Too, So.
- Too t cui cu, sau mt du phy.
e.g
A. I can speak English.
B. I can speak English, too.
Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng ng t c bit (ng t khim khuyt, tr ng t)
ni ngn gn thay v phi lp li c cu.
e.g
B. I can, too.
A. I am hungry.
B. I am, too.
A: I like films.
B: I do, too
- So t u cu, sau So l ng t c bit (ng t khim khuyt/ tr ng t) ri n ch
t.
So + V (c bit)+ Subject.
e.g.
B. So can I.
A. I am hungry.
B. So am I.
Nu l ng t thng, ta dng tr ng t Do, Does.
e.g
A. I like football.
B. I do, too.
A. I drink coffee..
B. So do I.
A. I go to school by bus.
44

B. So does Tom/ my brother.

* Either v Neither ngha l cng khng".
Khi ngi th nht ni mt iu ph nh v ngi th hai ni ging nh vy, c th dng hai
t ny.
Either t cui cu, sau mt du phy. (c ngi khng phy)
e.g
A. I m not sick.
B. I m not sick, either. (thc t: I m not, either.)
A. I dont live here.
B. I dont (live here), either.
Neither t u cu, sau Neither l ng t c bit (ng t khim khuyt, tr ng t) ri
n ch t. (ch ny ging So)
Neither + V (c bit)+ Subject.
*Lu :
Sau Neither khng c not, chng ta c th nh Neither = not + either, nh vy c neither
th khng cn not na.
e.g.
A. I cant swim.
B. Neither can I
A. I dont smoke.
B. Neither do I.
Khi xem phim nc ngoi, chng ta c th nghe ngi ta ni: Me too hoc Me neither,
cch ch dng khi ni chuyn thi nh, dng trong vn vit l sai ng php hon ton y.
3.CC DNG CA OTHER.

1.ANOTHER:mt..no
Dng khi ni n mt i tng no (s t) khng xc nh
The book is boring.Give me another
(quyn sch ny chn qu a ti quyn sch khc=>quyn sch no cng c,khng xc
nh)
2.OTHERS:nhng..khc
Dng cho nhng i tng (s nhiu) khng xc nh
These books are boring.Give me others
45

3.THE OTHER:. Cn li
S t dng cho i tng xc nh
I have two brother.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher
4.THE OTHERS:nhngcn li
S nhiu dng cho i tng xc nh
I have four brothers.One is a doctor,the others are teachers
5.THE OTHERS= THE OTHER+ N (s nhiu)
V D: There are 5 books on the table.I dont like this book,I like the others
(=I like the other books)
*Lu : Khi ch c 2 i tng th i tng u tin dng one.i tng th hai dng the
other
I have 2 brother.One is a doctor and the other is a teacher
4.CCH SP XP TRT T CA TNH T

OpSACOM:Opinion-Size-Age-Colour-Origin+Material Type
Trong :
1.Opinion tnh t ch quan im, s nh gi. V d: beautiful, wonderful, terrible (ng
trc cc tnh t thc t khc)
2.Size tnh t ch kch c (chiu di, chiu cao...) V d: big, small, long, short, tall
3.Age tnh t ch tui. V d: old, young, old, new
4.Colour tnh t ch mu sc. V d: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown .
5.Origin tnh t ch ngun gc, xut x. V d: Japanese,American, British,Vietnamese
6.Material tnh t ch cht liu . V d: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk
VD: An ugly(Opinion) small(Size) old(age) black(colour) plastic (material) bag
5.A NUMBER OF/THE NUMBER OF
A number of+danh t s nhiu+ng t s nhiu
VD:A number of workers are on strike
The number of+Danh t s nhiu+ng t s t
46

VD: The number of competitors has been limited to 100
6. SOME, ANY, MUCH, MANY, LITTLE, A LITTLE , FEW, A FEW, A

LOT OF, LOTS OF v PLENTY OF
Trc ht chng ta dng much v little vi cc danh t khng m c.
V d: much time, much luck, little energy, little money
Chng ta dng many v few vi cc danh t s nhiu m c.
V d: many friends, many people, few cars, few countries,v.v
Chng ta dng a lot of /lots of / plenty of vi cc danh t khng m c, v d: a lot of
luck, lots of time, plenty of money v danh t m c s nhiu, v d: a lot of people, lots of
books, plenty of ideas
Ta dng plenty of vi ngha l nhiu ci g nhng c sc thi nhn mnh s d tha.
V d:
There is no need to hurry. Ive got plenty of time. (Khng vic g phi vi. Chng ta c rt
nhiu thi gian hoc Chng ta c tha thi gian)
iu ng ch tip theo l chng ta dng much v many ch yu trong cc cu ph
nh v cu hi.
V d:
I didnt spend much money. (Ti khng tiu ht nhiu tin)
Have you got many friends? (Cu c nhiu bn khng?)
Trong cc cu khng nh, chng ta thng dng a lot of nhiu hn. Much rt t
dng trong cu khng nh. V d ta ni:
We spent a lot of money. (Chng ti tiu ht nhiu tin) ch ta khng ni We spent much
money
hoc: There has been a lot of rain recently. (Gn y tri ma rt nhiu) m khng ni l
There has been much rain recently.
Nhng chng ta li dng too much trong cc cu khng nh.
V d:
I cant drink this coffee. There is too much sugar in it. (Ti khng th ung c th c ph
ny. C qu nhiu ng trong)
Tip theo, mi bn tm hiu cch dng ca little v a little, few v a few ng thi so snh
chng vi nhau.
Trc ht, little v few khng c a ng trc c dng vi ngha ph nh.
V d:
Hurry up! We have little time. (Nhanh ln, chng ta cn t thi gian lm). Cm little time
y c ngha tng ng vi not much time, not enough time tc l khng c nhiu thi
gian, khng c thi gian.
47

hoc:
He is dishonest. He has few friends. (Anh ta khng trung thc. Anh ta c rt t bn b). Cm
few friends tng ng vi not many hoc not enough friends.
Chng ta cng c th dng little v few vi trng t ch mc very nhn mnh trong cc
cm very little v very few. V d:
We have got very little time.
He has very few friends.
a little v a few. A little v a few thng mang ngha xc nh l mt cht, mt t.
Ta c cc v d sau:
V d th nht:
Have you got any money? - Yes, a little. Do you want to borrow some? (Bn c tin khng?
C, mt t. Anh c mun vay khng?) A little y hm l c khng nhiu nhng cho
anh mun mt t.
V d th hai:
She enjoys her life here. She has a few friends and they meet quite often.
(C y thch cuc sng y. C y c mt vi ngi bn v h gp nhau rt thng xuyn).
y a few friends ni n s lng ngi bn m c y c l mt vi ngi ch khng phi
m ch c y c t bn.
Tuy nhin Only a few v only a little li mang ngha ph nh.
V d :
Hurry up! Weve only got a little time. (Nhanh ln! Chng ta ch cn cht xu thi gian thi
y)
There were only a few houses in this small village. (Ch c mt vi, tc l m ch rt t, ngi
nh trong lng ny).
Much & many
Many hoc much thng ng trc danh t. Many i vi danh t m c v much
i vi danh t khng m c:
She didnt eat much breakfast.
(C ta khng n sng nhiu)
There arent many large glasses left.
(Khng cn li nhiu cc ln)
Tuy nhin much of c th i vi tn ngi v tn a danh:
I have seen too much of Howard recently.
(Gn y ti hay gp Howard)
Not much of Denmark is hilly.
(an mch khng c my i ni)
48

Many/much of + determiner (a, the, this, my... ) + noun.

You cant see much of a country in a week.
(Anh khng th bit nhiu v mt nc trong vng mt tun u.)
I wont pass the exam. I have missed many of my lessons.
(Ti s khng thot c k thi ny mt, ti b qu nhiu bi.)
Many v much dng nhiu trong cu ph nh v cu nghi vn, trong cu khng nh c
th dng cc loi t khc nh plenty of, a lot, lots of... thay th.
How much money have you got? Ive got plenty.
He got lots of men friends, but he doesnt know many women.
Tuy vy trong ting Anh, much v many vn c dng bnh thng trong cu khng
nh.
Much has been written about the causes of unemployment in the opinion of many economists.
Much dng nh mt ph t (much ng trc ng t nhng ng sau very v sau cu
trc ph nh ca cu):
I dont travel much these days. (much = very often)
I much appreciate your help. (much=highly)
We very much prefer the country to the town.
Janet much enjoyed her stay with your family.
Much too much / many so many ( nhn mnh) dng c lp sau mnh chnh, trc
danh t m n b ng.
The cost of a thirty-second commercial advertisement on a television show is $300,000, much
too much for most business.
Many a + singular noun + singular verb: Bit bao nhiu.
Many a strong man has disheartened before such a challenge.
(Bit bao chng trai trng kit nn lng trc mt th thch nh vy)
I have been to the top of the Effeil tower many a time.
Manys the + {smt that / sbody who} + singular verb
Manys the student who couldnt follow the post-graduate courses at universities and colleges
under the pressure of money.
(Bit bao nhiu sinh vin khng th theo hc cc trng H v C do thiu tin)
Manys the promise that has been broken.
(Bit bao nhiu li ha b phn bi)
Phn bit a lot/ lots of/ plenty/ a great deal vi many/ much
Cc thnh ng trn u c ngha tng ng vi much/ many (nhiu) v most (a phn). A
lot of/ lots of (informal) = a great deal/ a large number of/ much/ many (formal).
49

Khng c khc nhau g my gia a lot of v lots of. Ch ng chnh sau hai thnh ng ny s
quyt nh vic chia ng t.
a lot of | uncountable noun + singular verb
lots of | plural noun + plural verb
A lot of time is needed to learn a language.
Lots of us think its time for an election.
*
Plenty of c dng ph bin trong informal English .
V d :
Dont rush, theres plenty of time.
Plenty of shops take checks.
*
A large a mount of = a great deal of + non-count noun (formal English)
I have thrown a large amount of old clothing.
Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.
*
A lot v a great deal c th c dng lm ph t v v tr ca n l cui cu.
On holiday we walk and swim a lot.
The gorvernment seems to change its mind a great deal.
More & most
* More + noun/noun phrase: dng nh mt nh ng
We need more time.
More university students are having to borrow money these day.
*More + of + personal/geographic names (tn ring/tn a l)
It would be nice to see more of Ray and Barbara.
(Rt hay khi c gp Ray v Barbara thng xuyn hn.)
Five hundred years ago, much more of Britain was covered with trees.
(500 nm trc y, a phn nc Anh ph nhiu rng hn by gi nhiu)
*More of + determiner/pronoun (a/ the/ my/ this/ him/ them...)
He is more of a fool than I thought.
(N l mt thng ngu hn ti tng nhiu)
Three more of the missing climbers have been found.
Could I have some more of that smoked fish.
I dont think any more of them want to come.
50

*One more/ two more... + noun/ noun phrase

There is just one more river to cross.
* Nhng phi dng cardinal number (s m) + noun + more (Five dollars more) nu more
mang ngha thm na.
He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute $50 more.
* Most + noun = a phn, a s
Most cheese is made from cows milk.
Most Swiss people understand French.
*Most + determiner/ pronoun (a, the, this, my, him...) = Hu ht...
He has eaten 2 pizzas and most of a cold chicken.
Most of my friends live abroad.
She has eaten most of that cake.
Most of us thought he was wrong.
*Most cng c dng thay cho mt danh t, nu trn, danh t hoc ch ng
c nhc n.
Some people had difficulty with the lecture, but most understood.
Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries, but Susan found the most.
*Most + adjective khi mang ngha very (khng ph bin)
That is most kind of you.
Thank you for a most interesting afternoon.
7. LIN T V CCH S DNG

Lin t ng lp: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Lin t ph thuc: although, because, since, unless
Ta c th xem xt lin t t 3 kha cnh
1. Cu to: Lin t gm ba dng chnh:
T n : V d: and, but, because, although
T ghp (thng kt thc bng as hoc that)v d: provided that, as long as, in order
that
Tng lin (i cng vi trng t hoc tnh t)v d: so...that
2. Chc nng: Lin t c 2 chc nng c bn:
Lin t ng lp: c dng ni 2 phn trong mt cu c vai tr ng php c lp

vi nhau. c th l cc t n hoc cc mnh . V d:
51

- Jack and Jill went up the hill.- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
Lin t ph thuc: c dng ni mnh ph thuc vi mnh chnh ca cu.

V d: - I went swimming although it was cold.
3. V tr
Lin t ng lp: lun lun ng gia 2 t hoc 2 mnh m n lin kt
Lin t ph thuc: thng ng u mnh ph thuc.
Lin t ng lp
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Mt lin t ng lp ni cc phn c vai tr ng php tng ng hoc ngang bng nhau

trong cu. Mt lin t ng lp cho thy cc thnh phn m n lin kt c cu trc v tm
quan trng tng t nhauHy xem nhng v d sau 2 thnh t trong ngoc vung c ni
vi nhau bi mt lin t ng lp
I like [tea] and [coffee].
[Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Lin t ng lp lun ng gia cc t hoc mnh m n lin kt.Khi mt lin t ng lp

ni cc mnh c lp th lun c du phy ng trc lin t
I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
Tuy nhin, nu cc mnh c lp ngn v tng t nhau th du phy khng thc s cn

thit:
She is kind so she helps people.
Khi and ng trc t cui cng trong mt dy lit k, th c th c du phy hoc khng
He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
C mt mo nh nh 7 lin t ngn v n gin.

FANBOYS
For And Nor But Or Yet So
52

Lin t ph thuc
Phn ln s lin t l lin t ph thuc. Mt s lin t ph bin nh:
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until,
when, where, whether, while
Lin t ph thuc ni mnh ph vi mnh chnhHy xem v d sau:

Mnh chnh lin t ph thuc mnh ph :
Ram went swimming although it was raining
Mt mnh ph thuc ph thuc vo mnh chnh. N khng th ng mt mnh nh l
cu c lp c. Hy tng tng xem nu ai ni vi bn Hello! Although it was
raining, bn s hiu nh th no? V ngha! Nhng mnh chnh (hoc mnh c lp)
th c th ng ring mt mnh. Bn s hiu r nu c ngi ni rng: Hello! Ram went
swimming.Lin t ph thuc lun lun ng u mnh ph thuc. N gii thiu mnh
ph thuc. Tuy nhin, mnh ph thuc i khi cng c th ng sau hoc trc mnh
chnh. Do vy trong ting Anh cng c th c hai cu trc sau:
Ram went swimming although it was raining.
Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.
8.LINKING WORD (T NI)

** Lu : S dng t ni trong vn vit s gip bi vn ca cc em logic v hay hn. iu
s gip cho bi vn ca cc em t im cao hn => Hc thuc tt c t ni di y
tng s im cho bi vit ca mnh .
1. Nhng t dng thm thng tin
and (v)
also (cng)
besides (ngoi ra)
first, second, third (th nht, th hai, th ba)
in addition (thm vo )
in the first place, in the second place, in the third place ( ni th nht, ni th hai, ni
th ba)
furthermore (xa hn na)
moreover (thm vo )
to begin with, next, finally (bt u vi, tip theo l, cui cng l)
53

2. Nhng t du hiu ch nguyn nhn, h qu

Accordingly (Theo nh)
and so (v v th)
as a result (Kt qu l)
consequently (Do )
for this reason (V l do ny nn)
hence, so, therefore, thus (V vy)
then (Sau )
3. Nhng du hiu ch s so snh
by the same token (bng nhng bng chng tng t nh th)
in like manner (theo cch tng t)
in the same way (theo cch ging nh th)
in similar fashion (theo cch tng t th)
likewise, similarly (tng t th)
4. Nhng du hiu ch s i lp
but, yet (nhng)
however, nevertheless (tuy nhin)
in contrast, on the contrary (i lp vi)
instead (Thay v)
on the other hand (Mt khc)
still (vn)
5. Nhng t du hiu ch kt lun hoc tng kt.
and so (v v th)
after all (sau tt c)
at last, finally (cui cng)
in brief (ni chung)
in closing (tm li l)
in conclusion (kt lun li th)
on the whole (ni chung)
to conclude ( kt lun)
to summarize (Tm li)
6. T du hiu ch v d
as an example
for example
for instance
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specifically
thus
to illustrate
7. Nhng t du hiu ch s khng nh
in fact (thc t l)
indeed (Tht s l)
no (khng)
yes (c)
especially (c bit l)
8. Nhng t du hiu ch a im
above (pha trn)
alongside (dc)
beneath (ngay pha di)
beyond (pha ngoi)
farther along (xa hn dc theo)
in back (pha sau)
in front (pha trc)
nearby (gn)
on top of (trn nh ca)
to the left (v pha bn tri)
to the right (v pha bn phi)
under (pha di)
upon (pha trn)
9. Nhng t du hiu ch s nhc li
in other words (ni cch khc)
in short (ni ngn gn li th)
in simpler terms (ni theo mt cch n gin hn)
that is ( l)
to put it differently (ni khc i th)
to repeat ( nhc li)
10. Nhng t ch du hiu thi gian
afterward (v sau)
at the same time (cng thi im)
currently (hin ti)
earlier (sm hn)
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formerly (trc )
immediately (ngay lp tc)
in the future (trong tng lai)
in the meantime (trong khi ch i)
in the past (trong qu kh)
later (mun hn)
meanwhile (trong khi )
previously (trc )
simultaneously (ng thi)
subsequently (sau )
then (sau )
until now (cho n by gi)
9.SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT

(S HA HP CA CH NG V NG T)
Quy tc 1: Hai ch ng s t ni vi nhau bng or hoc l nor th dng ng t s t.
V d: My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.
Quy tc 2. Hai ch ng s t ni vi nhau bng either/or hoc l neither/nor th dng ng t
s t ging nh trong quy tc 1.
V d: Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.
Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.
Quy tc 3: Khi I l mt trong hai ch ng ni vi nhau bng either/or hoc neither/ nor, th
cho I lm ch ng th hai v dng ng t s t am.
V d: Neither she nor I am going to the festival.
Quy tc 4: Khi ch ng s t ni vi ch ng s nhiu bng or hoc nor, cho ch ng s nhiu
lm ch ng th hai v dng ng t s nhiu.
V d: The serving bowl or the plates go on that shelf.
Quy tc 5: Khi ch ng s t v ch ng s nhiu c ni vi nhau bng either/or hoc
neither/nor th cho ch ng s nhiu lm ch ng th hai v dng ng t s nhiu.
V d: Neither Jenny nor the others are available.
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Quy tc 6: Khi c hai ch ng hoc nhiu hn ni vi nhau bng and th dng ng t s

nhiu.
V d: A car and a bike are my means of transportation.
Quy tc 7: i khi gia ch ng v ng t c nhng t nh along with, as well as,
besides, hoc l not. Khng cn n nhng t khi quyt nh dng ng t s t
hay s nhiu.
V d: The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.
Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.
Quy tc 8: Nhng i t nh each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody,
someone, v somebody l s t v dng vi ng t s t. Khng nn nhm ln vi nhng t
ng sau t of
V d: Each of the girls sings well.
Every one of the cakes is gone.
Ch : everyone l mt t v c ngha ging everybody. Cn everyone l 2 t v c
ngha ging each one.
Quy tc 9: i vi nhng t ch t l nh percent (phn trm), fraction (phn s), part (phn),
majority (phn ln), some (mt vi), all (tt c), none (khng g c), remainder (nhng ci cn
li).th hy nhn vo danh t trong cm t xc nh dng ng t s t hay s nhiu. Nu
danh t s t th dng ng t s t cn nu danh t s nhiu th dng ng t s nhiu.
V d:
Fifty percentof the pie has disappeared.
Fifty percentof the pies have disappeared.
One-third of the city is unemployed.
One-third of the people are unemployed.
All of the pie is gone.
All of the pies are gone.
Some of the pie is missing.
Some of the pies are missing.
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None of the garbage was picked up.

None of the sentences were punctuated correctly.
Of all her books, none have sold as well as the first one.
Quy tc 10: The number of i cng ng t s t cn A number of th i cng ng t s
nhiu.
V d:
The number of people we need to hire is thirteen.
A number of people have written in about this subject.
Quy tc 11: Khi either v neither l ch ng, th chng lun i vi ng t s t
V d:
Neither of them is available to speak right now.
Either of us is capable of doing the job.
Quy tc 12: Khi here vthere ng u cu th ng t chia theo danh t ng sau n.
V d:
There are four hurdles to jump.
There is a high hurdle to jump.
Quy tc 13: Dng ng t s t vi ch ng ch tng s tin hoc khong thi gian.
V d:
Ten dollarsis a high price to pay.
Five yearsis the maximum sentence for that offense.
Quy tc 14: Trong cu c cc i t quan h nh who, which, that th ng t chia theo danh
t ng trc cc i t quan h .
V d:
Salma is the scientist who writes the reports.
T ng trc who l danh t s t, v th dng ng t s t writes
He is one of the men who do the work.
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T ng trc who l danh t s nhiu, v th dng ng t s nhiu do.

Quy tc 15: Nhng danh t tp hp nh team hoc staff c th l s nhiu hoc s t ty
theo cch dng chng trong cu.
V d:
The staff is in a meeting.
Staff y c ngha l mt nhn vin
The staff are in disagreement about the findings.
Trong v d ny th The staff c ngha l nhng c nhn ring bit.
Cu ny c th vit r rng hn nh sau:
The staff members are in disagreement about the findings.
in disagreement about the findings.
10.CU HI UI (TAG QUESTIONS)

Cu hi ui l mt cu hi ngn c thm vo cui cu trn thut.
Ex : Its a lovely day, isnt it ?
Hnh thc :
Cu hi ui c thnh lp bng mt tr ng t (hoc ng t to be) v mt i t nhn
xng (ch ch ng ca cu) : auxiliary verb (+ not) + pronoun.
Cu hi ui ph nh (auxiliary verb + not + pronoun) c dng sau cu trn thut xc nh.
Hnh thc ph nh thng c rt gn (not = nt)
positivie statement + negative question tag
Ex : The children can swim, cant they ?
Cu hi ui khng nh (auxiliary verb + pronoun) c dng sau cu trn thut ph nh.
negative statement + positive question tag
Ex : You havent seen Mary today, have you ?
Lu :
- Nu trong cu trn thut c tr ng t hoc ng t to be th tr ng t ny c lp li
trong cu hi ui.
Ex : She will come, wont she ?
Ex : There was a lot of traffic, wasnt there ?
Ex : We dont have to pay, do we ?
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- Nu cu trn thut khng c tr ng t, dng tr ng t to do (do/does/did)

Ex : You live near here, dont you ?
Ex : You locked the door, didnt you ?
- Cu hi ui ca I am l arent I nhng nu khng c not th li dng am I ?
Ex : I am late, arent I ?
- Lets c cu hi ui l shall we ?
Ex : Lets go, shall we ?
- Hy lu rng cc cu c nhng t nh neither, no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, scarcely,
barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom c xem nh l nhng li tng thut ph nh v c
theo sau bi mt cu hi ui khng nh.
Ex : No salt is allowed, is it ?
Ex : Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he ?
Ex : Neither of them complained, did they ?
- Vi everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one chng ta dng i t they
Ex : Everyone warned you, didnt they ?
Ex : Someone had recognized him, hadnt they ?
- Nu l cu mnh lnh, cu hi ui l will you d c not hay khng c not.
Ex : Dont drop that vase, will you ?
Intonation (ng iu)
Trong vn ni, ngha ca cu hi ui ty thuc vo cch din t.
- Nu xung ging cu hi ui c ngha l khng tht s t cu hi, ch mun ngi nghe
ng vi mnh.
- Nu ln ging cu hi ui, th l cu hi thc s.
Nng cao :
Nhng dng c bit :
+ Cu u l I wish dng may
Ex : I wish to study English, may I ?
+ Ch t l one dng you hoc one
One can be ones master, cant you/one ?
+ Cu u c must
Must c nhiu cch dng cho nn ty theo cch dng m c cu hi ui khc nhau.
- Must ch s cn thit, dng neednt
Ex : They must study hard, neednt they ?
- Must ch s cm on, dng must
Ex : You mustnt come late, must you ?
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- Must ch s d on hin ti, da vo ng t theo sau must.

Ex : He must be a very intelligent student, isnt he ?
- Must ch s d on qu kh (trong cng thc must + have + PP), dng have/has
Ex : You must have stolen my bike, havent you ?
+ Let u cu :
Let u cu c nhiu dng cn phn bit.
- Lets trong cu r - dng shall we ?
Ex : Lets go out, shall we ?
- Let trong cu xin php (let us/let me), dng will you ?
Ex : Let us use the telephone, will you ?
- Let dng trong cu ngh gip ngi khc (let me), dng may I ?
Ex : Let me help you do it, may I ?
+ Cu cm thn
Ly danh t trong cu i thnh i t, dng am/is/are
Ex : What a beautiful dress, isnt it ?
Ex : What a stupid boy, isnt he ?
+ Cu u c I + cc ng t sau : think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine,
reckon, expect, see, feel + mnh ph
Ly mnh ph lm cu hi ui.
Ex : I think he will come here, wont he ?
Ex : I dont believe Mary can do it, can she ? (lu , mnh chnh c not th vn tnh nh
mnh ph).
- Cng mu ny nhng nu ch t khng phi l I th li dng mnh u lm cu hi ui.
Ex : She thinks he will come, doesnt she ?
+ Cu u c It seems that + mnh
Ly mnh lm cu hi ui
Ex : It seems that you are right, arent you ?
+ Ch t l mnh danh t
Dng it
Ex : What you have said is wrong, isnt it ?
Ex : Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesnt it ?
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11.TO INFINITIVE-GERUNDS
* Cc ng t phi c V-ING theo sau
avoid (trnh ), admit (tha nhn ), advise (khuyn nh ), appreciate (nh gi ), complete (
hon thnh ) ,consider ( xem xt ), delay ( tr hon ), deny ( t chi ), discuss ( tho lun ),
dislike ( khng thch ) ,enjoy ( thch ), finish ( hon thnh ), keep ( tip tc ), mention ( cp
), mind ( phin , ngi ),miss (nh , b l ), postpone ( tr hon ), practice (luyn tp ), quit
(ngh , thi ), recall ( nhc nh , nh ),recollect ( nh ra ), recommend (nhc nh ), resent (bc
tc ), resist (khng c ), risk ( ri ro ) suggest ( ngh ), tolerate (tha th ), understand ( hiu
), cant help (khng th trnh / nhn c ), cant stand ( ko th chu ng c ), cant bear ( ko
th chu ng c )
It is no use / It is no good ( v ch ), would you mind (c lm phin ..ko), to be used to ( quen
vi ), to be / get accustomed to (dn quen vi )
to be busy ( bn rn ), to be worth ( xng ng ), to look forward to (trng mong ), to have
difficulty / fun / trouble, to have a difficult time,to go.
* Cc ng t phi c TO-V theo sau
afford ( kh nng ), agree (ng ), appear ( xut hin ), arrange ( sp xp ), ask ( hi , yu
cu ),beg ( ni n , van xin ), care ( chm sc ), claim (i hi , yu cu ), consent ( bng lng
), decide ( quyt nh ),demand ( yu cu ), deserve ( xng ng ), expect ( mong i ), fail (
tht bi ), hesitate (do d )hope (hi vng ), learn ( hc ), manage (sp xp ), mean ( nh ),
need ( cn ),offer ( ngh ), plan ( ln k hoch ), prepare ( chun b ), pretend ( gi v ),
promise ( ha ),refuse ( t chi ), seem ( dng nh ), struggle (u tranh ), swear ( xin th ),
threaten (e do ),volunteer ( tnh nguyn ), wait (i ), want ( mun ), wish ( mong )
*Mt s ng t theo sau chng c th l To_V hoc Ving,ty theo vn cnh ca cu:
FORGET, REMEMBER
+ Ving :Nh (qun)chuyn lm
I remember meeting you somewhere last year (ti nh gp bn u hi nm ngai )
+ To inf :
Nh (qun ) lm chuyn g
Don't forget to buy me a book :ng qun mua cho ti quyn sch nh (cha mua )
REGRET
+ Ving : hi hn chuyn lm
I regret lending him the book : ti hi hn cho anh ta mn quyn sch
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+ To inf :ly lm tic ......

I regret to tell you that ...( ti ly lm tic ni vi bn rng ...)- cha ni - by gi mi ni
TRY
+ Ving : ngha l th
I try eating the cake he makes ( ti th n ci bnh anh ta lm )
+ To inf : c gng ...
I try to avoid meeting him (ti c gng trnh gp anh ta )
NEED
NEED nu l ng t c bit th i vi BARE INF (NG T NGUYN TH KHNG
TO)
I needn't buy it ( need m c th thm not vo l ng t c bit )
NEED l ng t thng th p dng cng thc sau :
Nu ch t l ngi th dng to inf
I need to buy it (ngha ch ng )
Nu ch t l vt th i vi Ving hoc to be P.P
The house needs repairing (cn nh cn c sa cha )
The house needs to be repaired
MEAN
Mean + to inf : D nh
I mean to go out (Ti d nh i chi )
Mean + Ving :mang ngha
Failure on the exam means having to learn one more year.( thi rt ngha l phi hc thm mt
nm na
STOP
Stop+to V: dng li lm vic g.
We stop our car to buy a present (Chng ti dng xe li mua qu)
Stop+ Ving:dng lm vic g.
He stopped smoking because its harmful (Anh y ngng ht thuc bi v n c hi)
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12.MODAL AUXILIARIES (TR NG T TNH THI)

+May:C th (dng xin php hoc cho php).
Ex: May I go out (Ti ra ngoi c khng?)
(xin php)
You may go to bed now (By gi con c th ng c ri)
(cho php)
May cn c th dng tin on:

Ex: It may rain tommorow.
(Ngy mai tri c th ma)
May dng trong cu trc: S+may+have+P2 phn on mt vic g xy ra.
Ex: He may have left nothing when the policeman came
(C l anh ta khng li th g khi vin cnh st n)
+Might: () c th: n l hnh thc qu kh ca May trong trng hp din t s xin php,
cho php
Ex; She told me that she might do everything.
(C y ni vi ti rng c y c th lm tt c mi th)
Tng t nh May,Might cn c th dng ch s tin on v vn no hin ti hoc
tng lai vi ngha: c l
Ex: It might rain tomorrow.
(C l ngy mai tri s ma)
Might cn c dng trong cu trc: S+might +have +P2 phn on mt iu g xy
ra.
Ex: He might have left nothing when the policeman came
(C l anh ta khng li th g khi vin cnh st n)
+Must: phi, dng chi bn phn hay s bt buc hin ti hoc tng lai.
Must din t mt s bt buc n t ngi ni.
Ex: You must finish your homework before lunchtime.
(Bn phi hon thnh bi tp v nh trc gi cm tra)
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Ngoi ra, Must cn c ngha hn l ch s suy on.

S +MUST +BE + Noun/Adj/Ving/cm trg t: chc hn l...
Ex: His shoes are here!He must be here.
(Giy anh ta y ny!Hn l anh ta y ri)
Must cn dng trong cu trc : S+must+have+P2 din t s suy on trong qu kh vi
ngha t hn l
Ex: You look tired.You must have worked very hard.
(Trng bn tht mt mi.Hn l bn lm vic rt mt nhc)
Mustnt: Khng c,ch s cm on.
Ex: You musnt drive fast.
(Anh khng c php li xe nhanh)
+Need: Cn phi.Need thng c dng cu ph nh v cu nghi vn.
Ex: You needn;t gou out now
(Anh khng c li xe nhanh)
Need cn c dng trong cu trc: S+neednt+have+P2 din t ng ra khng cn
phi (thc t hnh ng thc hin ri)
Ex: You neednt have bought this book.You can use mine.
(L ra anh khng cn phi mua quyn sch ny.Anh c th dng quyn ca ti).
(Thc t l anh ta mua quyn sch ny)
13.CLEFT SENTENCE (Cu ch)

* Cu ch l cu c cu trc It is/was + .... that +
* Ta c th nhn mnh ch ng, tn ng, trng ng ca cu bng cch a vo gia It is/was
v that
1. Nhn mnh ch ng
* It is/was + ch ng (ngi) + who/that + V
* It is/was + ch ng (vt) + that + V
V D
Mr. Hung teaches English at my school
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--- It is Mr Hung who/that teaches English at my school

My dog made neighbors very scared
--- It was my dog that made neighbors very scared
2. Nhn mnh tn ng
* It is/was + tn ng (ngi) + that/whom + S + V
* It is/was + tn ng (danh t ring) + that + S + V
* It is/was + tn ng (vt)+ that + S + V
V D
He gave his wife the whole confidential document
--- It was his wife that/whom he gave the whole confidential document
I met Lan at the party
--- It was Lan that I met at a party
She sent her friend a postcard
--- It was her friend that she sent a postcard
3. Nhn mnh trng ng (thi gian, ni chn, cch thc, l do,)
* It is/was + trng ng + that + S + V + O
V D
My father bought a new car last Sunday
--- It was last Sunday that my father bought a new
I was born in this house
--- It was in his house that I was born
You can kill computer viruses by using this software
--- It is by using this software that you can kill computer viruses
My father repaired the bicycle for my brother
--- It was for my brother that my father repaired the bicycle
14.WISH/IF ONLY/WOULD PREFER/WOULD RATHER/ITS TIME/AS

IF
WISH: ao c , trc wish phi c ch ng nh
IF ONLY: gi m, phi chi
1. Future wish ( ao c trong tng lai)
S+ WISH + S + WOULD / COULD + V(bare-inf)
IF ONLY + S + WOULD / COULD + V(bare-inf)
Vd: I wish I would have much money to travel around the world in the future ( My true wish)
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( Ti c mnh c tht nhiu tin du lch vng quanh th gii trong tng lai)
If only I would be your girlfriend ( Gi m em c th lm bn gi anh (th tt bit my))
2. Present wish ( Ao c hin ti)
S+ WISH + S+ VPII
IF ONLY + S + VPII
Lu i vi Vpii trong trng hp ny be--> were nh, ci ny gi l qu kh bng thi
Vd: I wish I were more intelligent ( the fact that I am stupid now)(c g ti thng minh hn)
If only you were here ( but now you arent ) ( gi nh anh y)
I cannot dance I wish I could dance
3. Past wish ( Ao c trong qu kh)
S + WISH +S + Past perfect subjuntive/ had + V3/ could have + V3
IF ONLY +S + Past perfect subjuntive/ had + V3/ could have + V3
Trong : Past perfect subjuntive: qu kh hon thnh gi nh, hnh thc nh qu kh hon
thnh
Vd: I wish she HAD had enough money to by the car ( She acctually did not have enough
money to afford it) ( ti c c y c tin mua ci t )
If only I had not met you my life would have been somuch better ( gi m em ko gp anh
th cuc sng ca em c th tt hn) ( But I met you)
I wish I had attened her wedding party ( c g ti i d tic ci ca c y)
***'Prefer to do' v 'Prefer doing':
* Thng bn c th dng Prefer to (do) hoc Prefer - Ving din t bn thch iu g
hn.
E.g: I dont like cities. I prefer to live in the country (hoc I prefer living in the country.)
(Ti khng thch thnh ph. Ti thch sng nng thn hn)
* Ngoi ra 'Prefer' cn c cu trc sau:
- Prefer st to st else
E.g: I prefer this dress to the one you were wearing yesterday.
(Anh thch b qun o ny hn chic b em mc ngy hm qua.)
- Prefer doing st to doing st else = prefer to do st rather than (do) st else.
E.g: I prefer flying to travelling by train.
(Ti thch i my bay hn l i bng xe la.)
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Anh prefers to live in Haiphong city rather than (live) in Ha Noi .

(Anh thch sng thnh ph Haiphong hn l sng Ha Noi)
- Would prefer ni ti iu ta mun lm trong mt tnh hung c th no (khng phi
chung chung):
+ "Would prefer st (+ or+st else)" (thch ci g 'hn ci g')
E.g: Would you prefer tea or coffee? Coffee, please.
(Anh mun ung tr hay c ph vy?" " C ph.
+ Would prefer to do:
E.g: Shall we go by train? Well, Id prefer to go by car.=> khng ni 'going'.
(Chng ta i xe la nh? ti thch i xe hi hn.)
Id prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
(Ti nay ti thch nh hn l i xem phim.)
*** Would rather:

1 Loi cu c mt ch ng
Loi cu ny dng would rather ... (than) l loi cu din t s mong mun hay c mun ca
mt ngi v chia lm 2 thi:
1.1 Th hin ti:
Sau would rather l nguyn th khng to. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not trc
nguyn th v b to.
S + would rather + ng t dng nguyn th (V)
Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today.
Jim would rather not go to class tomorrow.
1.2 Th qu kh:
ng t sau would rather phi l have + P2, nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not trc
have.
S + would rather + have + P2
Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today.
Jim would rather not have gone to the class yesterday.
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2 .Loi cu c hai ch ng
Loi cu ny dng would rather that (c g, mong g) v dng trong mt s trng hp sau:
2.1 Cu cu khin hin ti (present subjunctive):
L loi cu ngi th nht mun ngi th hai lm vic g (nhng lm hay khng cn ph
thuc vo ngi th hai). Xem thm v cu cu khin phn sau. Trong trng hp ny ng
t mng hai dng nguyn th b to. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not trc
nguyn th b to.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + ng t dng nguyn th..
I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
He would rather that I not take this train.
Ng php ni ngy nay c bit l ng php M cho php b that trong cu trc ny m vn
gi nguyn hnh thc gi nh.
2.2 Cu gi nh i lp vi thc t hin ti
ng t sau ch ng hai s chia qu kh n, to be phi chia l were tt c cc ngi.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + ng t chia th qu kh n
Ex:Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.
(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)
Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Infact, it is not winter now)
Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh dng didn't + verb hoc were not sau ch ng hai.
Ex:Henry would rather that his girlfriend didnt work in the same department as he does.
Jane would rather that it were not winter now.
2.3 Cu gi nh tri ngc vi thc t qu kh
ng t sau ch ng hai s chia dng qu kh hon thnh. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh
dng hadn't + P2.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + had P2 ...
EX:
Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.
(Jill did not go to class yesterday)
Bill would rather that his wife hadnt divorced him.
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***Its time:
* Its time/ Its high time c ngha l ti lc din t thi gian m mt vic nn c
lm ngay.
a/ c theo sau bi th qu kh nhng vi ngha hin ti

Form:
Its time/ Its high time + S + Vqu kh n (V-ed/ were).
Eg: + Its time you started to work.

+ Its high time we set out.
+ Its time we received our lesson.
b/ Theo sau bi ng t nguyn th
Form:
Its time/ Its high time + (for + O) + V(nguyn th c to)
Eg: + Its time for her to go to bed.

+ Its tome to buy a car.
*** As if/As though:
* AS IF, AS THOUGH c ngha l nh th, dng nh
* Hai t ni trn ng trc mt mnh ch mt iu khng tht hoc tri vi thc t.
* Form:
a/ S + V(hin ti n)+ as if /as though + V qu kh n (V-ed/ were)/Vhin ti n
( Khi s kin xy ra hin ti, ng t mnh trc chia th hin ti n, ng t
mnh sau c th chia qu kh hay hin ti tu vo s kin trong c l tht hay khng,
v 'To be' phi chia l 'Were' cho tt c cc ngi)
Eg: +He acts as if he knew the answer.
V2 chia qu kh => Anh ta ra v anh ta bit cu tr li nhng tht ra anh ta KHNG bit.
70

=> He acts as if he knows the answer.

V2 chia hin ti => Anh ta C bit cu tr li.
+The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter).
+ She walks as though she studied modeling. (She didnt study modeling).
+ He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich).
b/ S + V(qu kh n) + as if /as though + V qu kh hon thnh /(had + V-ed/ (pp))
Vhin ti hon thnh
( Khi s kin xy ra qu kh, ng t mnh trc chia qu kh n, v ng t
mnh sau chia qu kh hon thnh hay hin ti hon thnh cng tu vo s kin trong
cu.)
Eg: + He seemed as if he hadn't slept for days. (Anh ta trng nh th khng ng nhiu
ngy, V2 qu kh hon thnh -> anh ta ch trng th thi ch anh ta c ng)
+He seemed as if he hasn't slept for days. (Anh ta tht s khng ng nhiu ngy)
+ Tom looked very tired as if he worked very hard.
+ The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long time.
+ He looked as if he hadnt taken a bath for month.
71

CHUYN 3 :
T VNG PHC V CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA
WORDS THAT GO TOGETER

(NHNG T I KM VI NHAU THNG DNG )
I.WORDS THAT GO WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS.

People in collective nouns.
a group of people
Mt nhm ngi
a crowd of people
Mt m ng
A gang of thieves
Mt bng trm
A band of musicians
Mt ban nhc
A team of
workers/rescuers/doctors/surgeons/
Mt i cng nhn/cu h/ bc s/ bc s
phu thut
A cast of actors/actresses
Mt on din vin ng cng 1 phim
A crew of sailors/ pilots
Phi hnh on,thy th on
Words associated with animals.

A flock of sheep/birds : n cu/by chim
A herd of cattle/sheep/deer : n tru b/cu /hu
A school of fish : n c
A swarm of insects (eg bees ) : n cn trng (v d: ong)
A pack of dog/ wolves : by ch/ch si
Words that go with things:
72

A deck/a pack of cards : b bi

A pack of cigarettes : gi thuc l
A package of cookies : gi bnh quy
A pile/heap of papers : chng giy
A set of tools : b ngh
A bunch of flowers/bananas/grapes : b hoa/ni chui/chm nho
A clump of trees/bushes/plants/etc: bi cy,lm cy
A stack of tables/chairs /boxes/etc : chng bn ,gh, hp (xp lng vo nhau )
II.WORDS THAT GO WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.
A drop of rain : mt ht ma
A gust of wind : mt trn gi
A cloud of smoke : mt ln khi
A blade of grass : mt nhnh c
A spell of hot weather : mt t nng
A rumble of thunder : mt ting sm
A flash of lightning : mt tia chp
A grain of sand : mt ht ct
A stroke of luck : mt vn may
A piece of furniture : mt mn g
An article/item of clothing : mt mn (qun o )
A piece of music : mt on nhc,mt bn nhc
A loaf of bread : mt bnh m
A slice of bread : mt lt bnh m
A bar of chocolate : mt thanh s c la
A bar of soap : mt bnh x phng
73

A tube of toothpaste : mt ng kem nh rng

A can of Coke : mt lon c ca
A jar of jam : mt l mt
A carton of milk: mt hp sa
A bottle of water : mt chai nc
III. WORDS THAT GO WITH VERBS
DO
Do housework : lm vic nh
Do homework : lm bi tp v nh
Do exercise : tp th dc
Do exercises : lm bi tp
Do the washing up : ra bt
Do the washing : git o qun
Do ones teeth : nh rng
Do ones best ( = try ones best ) : c gng ht sc mnh
Have sth to do with sb/sth : c lin quan n ai/ci g
MAKE
Make a noise: lm n
Make a mess : lm ln xn
Make ones bed : dn ging
Make a rule : t quy nh
Make ones will : lp chc th
Make a fortune : lm nn mt gia sn
Make sb happy/sad ..: lm ai vui/bun
Make sb do sth : bt ai lm g
74

Make up ones mind : quyt nh

Make or break ( sth): thnh cng hay tht bi
TELL
Tell a lie : ni di
Tell the truth : ni tht
Tell a story/ a joke : k mt cu chuyn
Tell tales about sb : ba chuyn v ai
Tell the difference between A and B : phn bit gia A v B
Tell ones beads : tng kinh nim pht
Tell sb off: trch mng ai
Tell sb sth : k cho ai ci g
SAY
Say a word : ni mt li
Say smt : ni ci g
Say that : ni rng
Needless to say : khng cn phi ni
Have a word/ sth to say: c iu cn ni
That is to say : tc l
75

CM NG T V MT S CU TRC THNG DNG

A.
account for: chim, gii thch
allow for: tnh n, xem xt n
ask after: hi thm sc khe
ask for: hi xin ai ci g
ask sb in/ out : cho ai vo/ ra
advance in : tn ti
advance on : trnh by
advance to : tin n
agree on something : ng vi iu g
agree with : ng vi ai, hp vi, tt cho
answer to : hp vi
answer for : chu trch nhim v
attend on(upon): hu h
attend to : ch
B.
to be over: qua ri
to be up to sb to V: ai c trch nhim phi lm g
to bear up= to confirm : xc nhn
to bear out: chu ng
to blow out : thi tt
blow down: thi
blow over: thi qua
to break away= to run away :chy trn
break down : hng hc, suy nhc, a khc
break in(to+ O) : t nhp, ct ngang
break up: chia tay , gii tn
break off: tan v mt mi quan h
to bring about: mang n, mang li( = result in)
brinn down = to land : h xung
bring out : xut bn
bring up : nui dng ( danh t l up bringing)
bring off : thnh cng, m gii
to burn away : tt dn
burn out: chy tri
76

back up : ng h, nng
bear on : c nh hng, lin lc ti
become of : xy ra cho
begin with : bt u bng
begin at : khi s t
believe in : tin cn, tin c
belong to : thuc v
bet on : nh cuc vo
C
Call in/on at sb house : gh thm nh ai i
Call at : gh thm
Call up: gi i lnh, gi in thoi, nhc li k nim
Call off = put off =cacel : hu b
Call for : yu cu, mi gi
Care about: quan tm, ti
Care for : mun, thch ( =would like ) , quan tm chm sc ( = take care of)
Carry away : mang i , phn pht
Carry on = go on : tip tc
Carry out ;tin hnh , thc hin
Carry off = bring off : m gii
Catch on : tr nn ph bin , nm bt kp
Catch up with = keep up with = keep pace with : theo kp ai , ci g
Chew over = think over : ngh k
Check in / out : lm th tc ra / vo
Check up : kim tra sc kho
Clean out : dn sch , ly i ht
Clean up : dn gn gng
Clear away : , ly i , mang i
Clear up : lm sng t
Close down : ph sn , ng ca nh my
Close in : tin ti
Close up: xch li gn nhau
Come over/ round = visit
Come round : hi tnh
Come down: sp ( =collapse ) , gim (= reduce )
77

Come down to : l do
Come up : cp n , nh ln , nh ln
Come up with : ny ra, lo ln
Come up against : ng u, i mt
Come out : xut bn
Come out with : tung ra sn phm
Come about = happen
Come across : tnh c gp
Come apart : v vn , la ra
Come along / on with : ho hp , tin trin
Come into : tha k
Come off : thnh cng, long ,bong ra
Count on SB for ST : trng cy vo ai
Cut back on / cut down on : ct gim ( chi tiu)
Cut in : ct ngang (= interrupt )
Cut ST out off ST : ct ci g ri khi ci g
Cut off :c lp , cch li , ngng phc v
Cut up : chia nh
Cross out : gch i, xo i
call for: mi gi, yu cu
call up: gi i lnh, gi in thoi, nhc li k nim
call on/ call in at sb's house : gh thm nh ai
call off = put off = cancel
care for :thch, sn sc
catch up with : bt kp
chance upon : tnh c gp
close with : ti gn
close about : vy ly
come to : ln ti
consign to : giao ph cho
cry for :khc i
cry for something : ku i
cry for the moon : i ci ko th
cry with joy :khc v vui
cut something into : ct vt g thnh
cut into : ni vo, xen vo
D
78

delight in :thch th v
depart from : b, sa i
do with : chu ng
do for a thing : kim ra mt vt
Die away / die down : gim i , du i ( v cng )
Die out / die off; tuyt chng
Die for : thm g n cht
Die of : cht v bnh g
Do away with : bi b, bi min
Do up = decorate
Do with : lm c g nh c
Do without : lm c g m khng cn
Draw back : rt lui
Drive at : ng , m ch
Drop in at SB s house: gh thm nh ai
Drop off : bun ng
Drop out of school : b hc
E
End up : kt thc
Eat up : n ht
Eat out : n ngoi
F
Face up to : ng u , i mt
Fall back on : trng cy , da vo
Fall in with: m ci g ( fall in love with SB : yu ai say m )
Fall behind : chm hn so vi d nh , rt li pha sau
Fall through : = put off, cancel :tr hon.
Fall off : gim dn
Fall down : tht bi
Fell up to : cm thy sc lm g
Fill in : in vo
Fill up with : y
Fill out : in ht , in sch
Fill in for : i din, thay th
Find out : tm ra
79

G
Get through to sb : lin lc vi ai
Get through : hon tt ( = accomplish ) , vt qua (= get over)
Get into : i vo , ln ( xe)
Get in: n , trng c
Get off : ci b , xung xe , khi hnh
Get out of = avoid
Get down : i xung, ghi li
Get sb down : lm ai tht vng
Get down to doing : bt u nghim tc lm vc g
Get to doing : bt tay vo lm vic g
Get round...( to doing) : xoay x , hon tt
Get along / on with = come along / on with
Get st across : lm cho ci g c hiu
Get at = drive at
Get back : tr li
Get up : ng dy
Get ahead : vt trc ai
Get away with : cum theo ci g
Get over : vt qu a
Get on ones nerves:lm ai pht in , chc tc ai
Give away : cho i , tng i , tit l b mt
Give st back : tr li
Give in : b cuc
Give way to : nhng b , u hng( = give oneself up to ), nhng ch cho ai
Give up : t b
Give out : phn pht , cn kt
Give off : to ra , pht ra ( mi hng , hng v)
Go out : i ra ngoi , li thi
Go out with : hn h
Go through : kim tra , thc hin cng vic
Go through with : kin tr bn b
Go for : c gng ginh c
Go in for : = take part in
Go with : ph hp
Go without : king nhn
80

Go off : ni gin, n tung , thi gia ( thc n )

Go off with = give away with : cum theo
Go ahead : tin ln
Go back on one s word : khng gi li
Go down with : mc bnh
Go over: kim tra , xem xt k lng
Go up : tng , i ln , vo i hc
Go into ; lm vo
Go away : ct i , i khi
Go round : chia
Go on : tip tc
Grow out of : ln vt khi
Grow up: trng thnh
H
Hand down to = pass on to : truyn li ( cho th h sau,,,,)
Hand in : giao np ( bi , ti phm )
Hand back : giao li
Hand over: trao tr quyn lc
Hand out : phn pht(= give out)
Hang round : lng vng
Hang on = hold on = hold off : cm my (in thoi
Hang up ( off) : cp my
Hang out : treo ra ngoi
Hold on off = put off
Hold on: cm my
Hold back : kim ch
Hold up : cn tr / trn lt
J
Jump at a chance /an opportunity chp ly c hi
Jump at a conclusion : vi kt lun
Jump at an order : vi vng nhn li
Jump for joy : nhy ln v sung sng
Jump into ( out of) : nhy vo ( ra)
K
Keep away from = keep off : trnh xa
Keep out of : ngn cn
81

Keep sb back from : ngn cn ai khng lm g

Keep sb from = stop sb from
Keep sb together : gn b
Keep up : gi li , duy tr
Keep up with : theo kip ai
Keep on = keep ving : c tip tc lm g
Knock down = pull down : ko , sp , san bng
Knock out : h gc ai
L
Lay down : ban hnh , h v kh
Lay out : sp xp, lp dn
Leave sb off = to dismiss sb: cho ai ngh vic
Leave out = get rid of
Let sb down : lm ai tht vng
Let sb in / out : cho ai vo / ra , phng thch ai
Let sb off : tha bng cho ai
Lie down : nm ngh
Live up to: sng xng ng vi
Live on : sng da vo
Lock up: kha cht ai
Look after : chm sc
Look at ; quan st
Look back on: nh li hi tng
Look round : quay li nhn
Look for: tm kim
Look forward to ving: mong i , mong ch
Look in on : gh thm
Look up : tra c ( t in, s in thoi )
Look into : xem xt , nghin cu
Look on : ng nhn th
Look out : coi chng
Look out for : cnh gic vi
Look over : kim tra
Look up to : tn trng
Look dowm on : coi thng
82

M
Make up : trang im, ba chuyn
Make out : phn bit
Make up for : n b, ho gii vi ai
Make the way to : tm ng n
Mix out :trn ln , ln xn
Miss out : b l
Move away: b i, ra i
Move out : chuyn i
Move in: chuyn n
O
Order SB about ST: sai ai lm g
Owe st to sb : c c g nh ai
P
Pass away = to die
Pass by : - go past : i ngang qua , tri qua
Pass on to = hand down to : truyn li
Pass out = to faint : ngt
Pay sb back : tr n ai
Pay up the dept : tr ht n nn
Point out : ch ra
Pull back : rt lui
Pull down = to knock down : ko , san bng
Pull in to :vo( nh ga )
Pull st out : ly ci g ra
Pull over at : xe
Put st aside : ct i , dnh
Put st away : ct i
Put through to sb : lin lc vi ai
Put down : h xung
Put down to : l do ca
Put on : mc vo ; tng cn
Put up : dng ln , tng gi
Put up with : tha th, chu ng
Put up for : xin ai ng nh
83

Put out : dp tt
Put st/ sb out : a ai / ci g ra ngoi
Put off : tr hon
R
Run after : truy ui
Run away/ off from : chy trn
Run out (of) : cn kit
Run over : cht
Run back : quay tr li
Run down : ct gim , ngng phc v
Run into : tnh c gp , m x , lm vo
Ring after : gi li sau
Ring off : tt my ( in thoi )
S
Save up : ginh
See about = see to : quan tm ,
See sb off : tm bit
See sb though : nhn ra bn cht ca ai
See over = go over
Send for: yu cu , mi gi
Send to :a ai vo ( bnh vin , nh t
Send back : tr li
Set out / off : khi hnh , bt u
Set in: bt u ( dng cho thi tit)
Set up :dng ln
Set sb back: ngn cn ai
Settle down : an c lp nghip
Show off: khoe khoang , khoc lc
Show up :n ti
Shop round : mua bn loanh quanh
Shut down : sp tim , ph sn
Shut up : ngm ming li
Sit round : ngi nhn ri
Sit up for : ch ai cho ti tn khuya
Slown down : chm li
84

Stand by: ng h ai
Stand out : ni bt
Stand for : i din, vit tt ca, khoan dung
Stand in for : th ch ca ai
Stay away from : trnh xa
Stay behind: li
Stay up :i ng mun
Stay on at: li trng hc thm
T
Take away from : ly i, lm ngui i
Take after : ging ai nh c
Take sb / st back to : em tr la
Take down : ly xung
Mistake sb for sb else : nhm ai vi ai
Take in : la gt ai , hiu
Take on : tuyn thm , ly thm ngi
Take off : ct cnh , ci tho b ci g
Take over : ginh quyn kim sot
Take up : m nhn, chim gi ( khng gian ), bt u lm g ( thnh th tiu khin)
Take to : yu thch
Talk sb into st : thuyt phc ai
Talk sb out of : cn tr ai
Throw away : nm i , vt hn i
Throw out; vt i, tng c ai
Tie down : rng buc
Tie in with : buc cht
Tie sb out = wear sb out = exhaust sb
Tell off : mng m
Try on: th ( qun o )
Try out : th...( my mc )
Turn away= turn down : ;t chi
Turn into : chuyn thnh
Turn out; sx , ho ra l
Turn on / off: m, tt
Turn up / down : vn to , nh ( m lng )
85

Turn up: xut hn , n ti

Turn in: i ng
U
Use up : s dng ht ,cn kit
W
Wait for : i
Wait up for; i ai n tn khuya
Watch out /over= look out
Watch out for : = look out for
Wear off : mt tc dng , bin mt , nht dn
Wear sb out = exhaust sb
Work off : loi b
Work out; tm ra cch gii quyt
Work up : lm khuy ng
Wipe out ; hu dit / exhaust sb
Write down : vit vo
*Mt s cm t quen thuc V+O+ preposition:
Prevent sb from Ving sth: ngn chn ai lm iu g
Stop sb from Ving sth:ngn cn ai lm iu g
Blame sb of Ving sth:khin trch ai lm iu g
Accuse sb of Ving sth:t cao ai lm iu g
Provide sb with sth: cung cp cho ai ci gf
Point sth out:ch ra ci g
Accustom oneself/sb to sth: t lm cho mnh quen vi ci g
Apologise to sb for Ving sth: xin li ai v iu g
Add sth to sth:thm vo ci g
Break sth off sth:tch ci g ra khi ci g
Conceal sth from sb:giu ai iu g
Introduce sb to sb: gii thiu vi ai
86

Complain to sb about sth:phn nn vi ai iu g

Protect sb from sth:bo v ai khi ci g
Propose sb for a position: bt ai ln mt vi tr no
Put a question to sb: t cu hi cho ai
Release sb from somewhere: gii phng ai khi ni u
Rescue sb from somewhere: cu ai ra khi
87

T VNG CN THIT CHO CC K THI TING ANH THPT

Hc t trong 3 quyn sch gio khoa 10,11,12 + t vng di y hon ton cc em
t tin bc vo phng thi.
1. fluency (n):s lu lot
2. hesitation (n):s ngp ngng
3. language (n):ngn ng
4. language barrier (n):ro cn ngn ng
5. linguistics (n):ngn ng hc
6. means (n): phng tin
7. mother tongue (n):ting m
8. native speaker (n):ngi bn ng.
9. Sign language (n):ngn ng,k hiu
10.slang (n):ting lng
11.viewpoint (n): quan im
12.vocabulary (n):t vng
13.bilingual (adj):s dng hai th ting
14.incoherent (adj): khng mch lc.
15.inherent (adj):vn c
16.sophisticated (adj):phc tp
17.spontaneous (adj): t pht
18.clarify (v):lm cho d hiu
19.comprehend (v):hiu
20.conclude (v): kt lun
21.confess (v):th nhn
22.confirm (v): xc nhn
88

23.contradict (v): mu thun

24.converse (v):ni chuyn
25.define (v):nh ngha
26.evolve (v);pht trin
27.exaggerate (v): phng i
28.explain (v): gii thch
29.express (v):by t
30.flatter (v); tng bc
31.illustrate (v): minh ha
32.imply (v):ng
33.inform (v):bo tin
34.pretend (v): gi v
35.pronounce (v):pht m
36.recall (v):nh li
37.refer (v): cp
38.accuracy (n): s chnh xc
39.communication (n):s lin lc
40.conjecture (n):s phng on
41.dialect (n):ting a phng
42.refute (v): bc b li
43.slander (v): vu khng
44.state (v): pht biu,ni r
45.stutter (v):ni lp
46.suggest (v): ngh
47.translate (v): bin dch
89

48.emerge (v): ni bt ln
49.limit (v):gii hn
50.mitigate (v):lm du bt
51.outweigh (v):ln hn,c nhiu gi tr hn
52.retain (v): gi li
53.waste (v):lng ph
54.balance (v):s cn bng
55.distinguish (v):phn bit
56.demonstrate (v):chng minh
57.rhetoric (n):thut hng bin
TOPIC 2:THE ENERGY CRISSIS
1. biofuel (n):nhin liu sinh hc
2. blackout (n):s cp in
3. chemical (n): ha cht
4. carbon dioxide (n):kh CO2
5. containment (n):s ngn chn kim sot
6. crisis (n):khng hong
7. electricity (n):in
8. fossil fuel (n):nhin liu ha thch
9. generator (n): my pht in
10.hybrid (n):xe hi in-xng
11.oil rig (n):gin khoan du
12.petrol (n):xng
13.reserve (n): ngun d tr
14.resource(s) (n):ti nguyn
90

15.speculation (n):s u c tch tr

16.turbine (n):tua bin
17.vehicle (n);xe c
18.windmill (n): ci xay gi
19.alternative (adj): thay th
20.critical (adj):nguy kch
21.disposable (adj):dng mt ln
22.drastic (Adj):quyt lit
23.eco-friendly (Adj): thn thin vi mi trng
24.economical (adj):tit kim
25.effective (adj):hiu qu
26.hydroelectric (adj):thuc thy in
27.nuclear (adj): ht nhn
28.rechargeable (adj):c th np li
29.renewable (Adj):c th ti to
30.solar (adj): thuc mt tri
31.unleaded (adj):khng ch
32.absorb (v): hp th
33.combust (v):t chy
34.conserve (v): bo tn
35.consume (v): tiu th
36.convert (v): chuyn i
37.counter (v): phn i
38.deplete (v):lm cn kit
39.discharge (v):thi ra
91

TOPIC 3:THE ARTS

1. abstract (adj):tru tng
2. accomplished (adj):ti nng,hon ho
3. actor (n):din vin
4. adaptation (n):tc phm,chuyn th
5. aesthetics (n):m hc
6. appreciation (n):s nh gi cao
7. artefact (n): to tc
8. artist (n):ngh s
9. atmosphere (n):khng kh
10.audience (n):khn gi
11.audition (n);bui th ging
12.ballad (n):bi ht ballat
13.ballerina (n):n din vin bale
14.ballet (n): ba l,kch ma
15.burgeon (v):pht trin nhanh
16.carving (n):ngh thut chm khc
17.choreograph (v):bin o ma
18.chorus (n):dn ng ca
19.classical (adj):c in
20.complementary (n):phn b sung
21.compose (v):sng tc
22.conception (n):quan nim.nhn thc
23.concert (n):bui ha nhc
24.copyright (n):bn quyn
92

25.costume (n):trang phc

26.craft (n):ngh th cng
27.creation (n):tc phm
28.specialize (v):chuyn v
29.depict (v):miu t
30.design (v):thit k
31.distracting (adj):lm sao lng
32.dramatic (adj):thuc kch
33.eclectic (adj):pha trn nhiu phong cch
34.electric (adj):si ng
35.emotion (n):cm xc
36.emphasize (v):nhn mnh
37.enrich (v):lm giu thm lm phong ph thm
38.epic (n):thin anh hng ca
39.escape (v):thot khi
40.exhibition (n):cuc trin lm
41.expression (n):s biu hin
42.farce (n):kch vui nhn
43.festival (n):l hi
44.fundamental (adj):c bn
45.gallery (n):phng trng by
46.image (n):hnh nh
47.impersonate (v):ng vai
48.element (n):yu t
49.improvise (v):ng khu ng bin
93

50.influence (n):nh hng

51.inspiration (n):ngun cm hng
52.interactive (adj):tng tc
53.intimacy (n):khng kh thn mt,m cng
54.landscape (n):tranh phong cnh
55.leading (adj):ch o,chnh
56.literature (n):vn hc
57.live (adj):sng,trc tip
58.lyric (n):li bi ht
59.magical (adj):k diu
60.masterpiece (n):kit tc
61.metaphor (n):php n d
62.monologue (n):c thoi
63.mood (n):sc thi
64.musical (n):nhc kch
65.musician (n):nhc s
66.opera (n):nhc opera
67.orchestra (n):dn nhc
68.painting (n):hi ha
69.pantomine (n):kch cm
70.participle (v):tham gia
71.passionate (adj):am m
72.performance (n):bui biu din
73.plagiarism (n):s o vn
74.play (n):v kich
94

75.playwright (n):ngi vit kch

76.poetry (n):th ca
77.popular (adj):ph bin,c a thch
78.portrait (n):chn dung
79.prominent (Adj):quan trng ,li lc
80.provoke (v):kch thch,gy ra
81.reflection (n):s phn nh
82.relaxing (adj):lm th gin
83.response (n):s hng ng
84.rhythm (n):nhp iu
85.sculpture (n):ngh thut chm khc
86.stimulating (adj):kch thch s say m
87.style (n):phong cch
88.surreal (adj):k qui
89.taste (n):khiu thm m
90.theatre (n):kch ngh thut sn khu
91.theme (n):ch
92.transcend (v):vt qua
93.venue (n):im n
94.visual (adj):thuc th gic
95.vivid (adj):sinh ng
96.vogue (n):mt,thi trang.
TOPIC 4:LIFESTYLES.
1. Activity (n):hot ng
2. Aspect (n):kha cnh
95

3. creativity (n): tnh sng to

4. daily routine (n):thi quen hng ngy
5. desire (n):khao kht,mong c
6. disappointment (n):s tht vng
7. experience (n):tri nghim
8. fulfillment (n):s hon thnh
9. goal (n):mc tiu
10.hobby (n):s thch
11.insight (n):s hiu bit su sc
12.leisure (n):thi gian rnh ri
13.lifestyle (n):li sng
14.optimist (n):ngi lc quan
15.outlook (n):tm nhn,quan im
16.opportunity (n):c hi
17.personality (n):tnh cch
18.pessimist (n):ngi bi quan
19.priority (n):u tin
20.pressure (n):p lc
21.realist (n):ngi thc t
22.risk-taker (n):ngi mo him
23.self-expression (n):s t biu hin
24.sense (n):kh nng nhn thc
25.active (adj):nng ng,lanh li
26.dreamy (adj):khng thc t
27.well-educated (adj):c gio dc tt
96

28.painstaking (adj):k lng

29.confused (adj):bi ri
30.attract (v):thu ht
31.moderate (v):tit ch.kim ch
32.motivate (v):thc y
33.regret (v):hi tic
34.relax (v):th gin
35.satisfy (v):tha mn
36.assignment (n):vic c giao
37.boredom (n):s bun chn
38.certificate (n):giy chng nhn
39.college (n): trng cao ng.
40.controversy (n):s tranh ci
41.curriculum (n):chng trnh mn hc
42.dissertation (n):lun vn
43.education (n):gio dc
44.exam (n):k thi
45.field (n):lnh vc
46.finding (n):thng tin c tm thy
47.funding (n):tin qu
48.grade (n):im s
49.grant (n):tin thng,tr cp
50.high school (n):trng trung hc ph thng
51.homework (n):bi tp v nh
52.kindergarten (n):trng mm non
97

53.learning disorder (n):chng khng hc c

54.lecturer (n):ging vin
55.library (n):th vin
56.progidy (n):thn ng
57.Master (n):thc s
58.Nursery (n):nh tr
59.PhD (n):tin s
60.Primary school (n):trng tiu hc
61.Project (n): n
62.research (n):nghin cu
63.resources (n):ngun lc
64.result (n):kt qu
65.scholarship (n):hc bng
66.scope (n):phm vi
67.secondary school (n):trng cp 2
68.source (n):ngun
69.syllabus (n): cng hc
70.tuition (n):hc ph
71.theory (n):l thuyt
72.tutor (n):gia s
73.university (n):i hc
74.compulsory (adj):bt buc
75.academic (adj):thuc nh trng
76.eligible (adj): t cch
77.mixed (adj):cho c nam n
98

78.postgraduate (adj):sau i hc
79.relevant (adj):c lin quan,thch hp
80.senior (adj):nhiu tui hn
81.single-sex (adj):n gii tnh
82.studious (adj):chm ch
83.diligent (adj):chm ch
84.work-related (adj):lin quan n cng vic
85.adopt (v):p dng,lm theo
86.analyse (v):phn tch
87.conduct (v):tin hnh ,thc hin
88.concentrate (v):tp trung
89.consider (v):xem xt,cn nhc
90.find out (v):tm ra,nhn ra
91.graduate (v):tt nghip
92.neglect (v):xao lng
93.organise (v):t chc
94.review (v):xem xt li
95.revise (v):sa li
96.struggle (v):c gng
97.relatively (v):tng i
TOPIC 5:DESIGN AND INNOVATION
1. balcony (n):ban cng
2. brick (n):gch
3. building (n):ta nh
4. ceiling (n):trn nh
99

5. concrete (n):b tng

6. construction (n):s xy dng
7. cottage (n):nh nh nng thn
8. design (n):bn phc tho
9. elevator (n):thang my
10.engineering (n): k thut cng trh
11.flooring (n):vt liu lm sn
12.frame (n):khung,sn
13.housing (n):nh
14.innovation (n):s ci tin,i mi
15.invention (n);s pht minh
16.landmark (n):im mc
17.lift-shaft (n):ging thang my
18.occupant (n):ngi c ng
19.platform (n):nn buc
20.quary (n):m
21.residence (n):nh
22.skyscraper ((n):nh chc tri
23.staircase (n):cu thang
24.steel (n):thp
25.storage (n):ni lu tr
26.structure (n):cng trnh xy dng
27.tension (n): cng
28.timber (n):g xy dng
29.airy (adj):thong kh
100

30.conventional (adj)::thng thng

31.cosy (adj):m cng
32.cramped (adj):cht chi
33.curved (adj):cong
34.domestic (adj):thuc gia nh
35.exterior (adj):bn ngoi
36.functional (adj):thit thc
37.futuristic (adj):thuc v tng lai
38.high-rise (adj):cao ngt
39.internal (adj):bn trong
40.mass-produced (adj):sn
xut hng lot
41.modern (adj):hin i
42.old-fashioned (adj):li thi
43.ornate (adj):trang tr cng phu
44.prefabricated (adj):lm sn
45.single-storey (adj):mt tng
46.spacious (adj):nhiu khng gian
47.state of the art (adj):hin i nht
48.typical (adj):tiu biu
49.ultra-modern (adj):siu hin i
50.unique (adj):c o
51.activate (v):kch hot
52.automate (v):t dng ha
53.condemn (v):ch trch
54.decorate (v):trang hong
101

55.demolish (v):ph hy
56.plywood (n):vn p
57.haul (v):ko ln
58.hoist (v):ko mnh
59.imbue (v):lm thm m
60.maintain (v):duy tr
61.reconstruction (n):s xy dng li
62.renovate (v):sa cha,ci tin
63.support (v):chng
64.furnish (v):trang b
65.access (n):quyn tip cn,s dng
66.author (n):tc gi
67.bias (n):s thin v
68.censorship (n):s kim duyt
69.current affairs (n):thi s
70.editor (n):ch bt
71.expos (n):bn trnh by s kin
72.exposure (n):s phi by
73.fame (n):danh ting
74.free press (n):t do bo ch
75.ideology (n):h t tng
76.investigation (n):s iu tra
77.issue (n):s bo
78.journal (n):nht bo
79.journalism (n):ngh bo
102

80.mass media (n):thng tin i chng

81.network (n):mng li
82.news (n):tin tc
83.newsstand (n):quy bo
84.opnion (n): kin,quan im
85.paparazi (n):th sn nh
86.press (n):bo ch
87.privacy (n):s ring t
88.publication (n):s xut bn
89.publicity (n):s qung co
90.relevance (n):s c lien quan
91.safeguard (n):ci bo v
92.speculation (n):s phng on
93.artificial (adj):gi,gi to
TOPIC 6:THROUGH THE AGES
1. age (n):thi i (=period)
2. archaeologist (n):nh kho c
3. century (n):th k
4. decade (n):thp nin
5. era (n):k nguyn
6. evidence (n):bng chng (=proof)
7. excavation (n):s khai qut (=digging)
8. generation (n):th h
9. the Middle Ages (n):thi Trung C
10.millennium (n):thin nin k
103

11.duration (n):khong thi gian

12.eternal (adj):vnh cu,bt tn
13.pioneer (n):ngi khai hoang
14.timeline (n):nin i,mc thi gian
15.ancient (adj):c xa
16.chronological (adj):theo th t thi gian
17.consecutive (adj):lin tip
18.historical (adj):thuc lch s
19.imminent (adj):sp xy ra
20.middle-age (adj):trung nin
21.nostalgic (adj):luyn tic qu kh
22.prehistoric (adj):tin s
23.prior (to):trc khi
24.punctual (adj):ng gi
25.time-consuming (adj):tiu tn thi gian
26.erode (v):xi mn
27.infer (v):suy ra,kt lun
28.predate (v):xy ra trc ci g
29.span (v):ko di qua
30.previously (adv):trc
TOPIC 7:THE NATURAL WORLD
1. subsequently (adv):ri sau
2. agriculture (n):nng nghip
3. burrow (n):hang
4. climate (n):kh hu
104

5. crop(s) (n):cy trng

6. decline (n):s st gim,suy sp
7. den (n):hang th d
8. disaster (n):thm ha
9. ecological balance (n):cn bng sinh thi
10.ecology (n):sinh thi hc
11.evolution (n):s tin ha
12.extinction (n):s tuyt chng
13.fauna (n):h ng vt
14.flora (n):h thc vt
15.genetics (n):di truyn hc
16.habitat (n):mi trng sng
17.human nature (n):bn cht con ngi
18.insect (n):cn trng
19.Mother Nature (n):M thin nhin
20.Pesticide (n):thuc tr sau
21.predator (n):ng vt n tht
22.prey (n):con mi
23.repercussion (n):hu qu
24.scent (n):mi (thm)
25.vegetation (n):thm thc vt
26.vermin (n):ng vt gy hi
27.weed (n):c di
28.arid (adj):kh hn (=dry)
29.domesticated (adj):c thun ha
105

30.endangered (adj):c nguy c tuyt chng

31.genetically-modified (adj):bin i gen
32.introduce (v)gii thiu,a vo
33.native (adj):bn a
34.natural (adj):t nhin
35.resistant (adj):c sc chu ng,chu c
36.semi-arid (adj):na kh hn
37.tropical (adj):nhit i
38.vulnerable (adj):d b tn cng (=exposed)
39.adapt (v):thch nghi
40.combat (v):chin u (=fight)
41.cultivate (v):trng trt
42.eradicate (v):tiu dit,xa b
43.hibernate (v):ng ng
44.tolerate (v):chu ng
45.useless (adj):v dng
46.viable (adj):c th tn ti,pht trin
47.vital (adj):cn cho s sng (=essential)
48.worthwhile (adj):quan trng
49.confront (v):ng u
50.dump (v):vt b
51.inexorably (adv):khng lay chuyn c
52.inevitably (adv):chc chn
TOPIC8:EMPLOYMENT,
MANAGEMENT,MARKETING
106

1. salary (n):lng (tr theo thng )

2. share (n):c phn
3. skill (n):k nng
4. staff (n):nhn vin
5. supervisor (n):ngi gim st
6. takeover (n):s thn tnh mua li
7. target (n):mc tiu
8. trade (n):s bun bn
9. trend (n):xu hng
10.unemployment (n):s tht nghip
11.wage (n):lng (tr theo tun)
12.workforce (n):lc lng lao ng
13.workplace (n):ni lm vic
TOPIC 9:THE LAW

1. action (n): vic kin co
2. arson (n):s t nh
3. authority (n):quyn lc
4. burglary (n):ti trm
5. duress (n):s cng p
6. convict (n):ngi b kt n,t nhn
7. crime (n):ti,ti c
8. parole (n):s phng thch trc thi hn
9. fine (n):tin pht
10.fraud (n):s gian ln (=trickery)
107

11.imprisionment (n):s tng giam

12.inequality (n):s bt bnh ng
13.intent (n): nh
14.judge (n):thm phn
15.jury (n):ban bi thm
16.kidnapping (n):s bt cc
17.lawyer (n):lut s
18.motive (n):ng c
19.murder (n):ti git ngi
20.offence (n):s vi phm
21.pickpocketing (n):ti mc ti
22.prevention (n):s phng nga
23.prison (n):nh t (=jail)
24.crime rate (n):t l ti phm
25.property crime (n):ti phm ti sn
26.prosecutor (n):cng t vin
27.protection (n):s bo v
28.punishment (n):s trng pht
29.recklessness (n):s coi thng php lut
30.smuggling (n):s bun lu
31.social system (n):h thng x hi
32.swearing (n):vic chi th
33.trial (n):s x n
34.the accused (n):b co
35.toxic waste (n):cht thi c
108

36.vandalism (n):ti ph hoi

37.victim (n):nn nhn
38.drug-related (adj):lin quan n ma ty
39.evil (adj):xu,c
40.guilty (adj):c ti (=condemned)
41.harsh (adj):kht khe,gay gt
42.innocent (adj):v ti
43.law-abiding (adj):tun theo php lut
44.non-violent (adj):phi bo lc
45.petty (adj):nh,vt vnh
46.random (adj):ngu nhin
47.strict (adj):nghim khc (=stern)
48.unintentional (adj):khng c
49.victimless (adj):khng c nn nhn
50.break into (v):t nhp
51.abide by (v):tun theo
52.abolish (v):hy b
53.arrest (v):bt gi
54.deter (v):ngn chn
55.enforce (v):thi hnh,bt tun theo
56.monitor (v):gim st
57.obedience (n):s tun theo
58.perpetrate (v):phm vo gy ra (commit)
59.prove (v):chng minh
60.resent (v):bc tc phn n
109

61.respect (v):tn trng

62.appeal (v):khng co
63.accuse (v):buc ti
64.felony (n);trng ti
65.violate (v): vi phm
TOPIC 10:THE MEDIA
1. attention-grabbing (adj):thu ht s ch
2. celebrity (n):ngi ni ting
3. controversial (adj):gy tranh ci
4. distorted (adj):b bp mo
5. entertaining (adj):gii tr,th v
6. informative (adj):cung cp nhiu tin tc
7. intrusive (adj):gy kh chu
8. mainstream (adj):thng thng,theo xu th
9. pervasive (adj):ta khp
10.realistic (adj):thc t
11.sensationalist (adj):git gn
12.superficial (adj):ch c b ngoi
13.unbiased (adj):khng thin v
14.well-informed (adj):c y thng tin
15.affect (v):tc ng
16.broadcast (v):pht sng
17.control (v):iu khin kim sot
18.exploit (v):khai thc,li dng
19.invade (v):xm phm
110

20.report (v):a tin

21.review (v):ph bnh
22.verify (v):xc minh
23.advertisement (n):qung co
24.column (n):mc
25.press conference (n):cuc hp bo
26.libel (n):bi vit ph bng
27.tabloid (n):bo l ci
28.prime time (n):gi vng
29.headline (n):tiu ,dng tt
30. broadsheet (n):bo kh rng
31.Reality TV: truyn hnh thc t
TOPIC 11:GROWING UP
1. adolescence (n):thi thanh thiu nin
2. adopt (v):nhn lm con nui
3. adulthood (n):tui trng thnh
4. bond (n):mi lin h (=connection)
5. brotherhood (n):tnh anh em
6. character (n):tnh cch (=personality)
7. childhood (n):thi th u
8. close (adj):thn thit
9. close-knit (adj):gn b
10.conflict (n):s xung t
11.develop (v):pht trin
12.endure (v):chu ng
111

13.establish (v):thnh lp
14.fatherhood (n):cng v ngi cha
15.inherit (v):tha k
16.instinct (n):bn nng
17.interact (v):tng tc
18.maternal (n):c tnh cm ca ng m
19.motherhood (n):cng v ngi m
20.nature (n):bn cht (=disposition)
21.nurture (v):nui dng
22.parental (adj):thuc cha m
23.paternal (adj):c tnh ca ng cha
24.pregnant (adj):mang thai
25.relate (v):c quan h ,lin quan
26.relative (n):h hng
27.resemble (v):ging
28.rewarding (adj):ng lm
29.rival (adj):i ch ,cnh tranh
30.sibling (n):anh ch em rut
31.stable (adj):n nh
32.temperament (n):tnh kh
33.tie (n):mi quan h rng buc
34.trust (n):s tin tng
35.upbringing (n):s nui nng
36.acute (adj): cp tnh (y hc ) =severe
37.allergic (adj):d ng
112

38.alternate (v):lun phin

39.anxious (adj):lo lng
40.appetite (n):s thm n
41.artery (n):ng mch
42.asset (n):ti sn
43.avoid (v):trnh xa
44.benefit (n):li ch
45.brisk (adj):nhanh nhn
46.chronic (adj):y hc mn tnh
47.counteract (v):chng li
48.crave (v):khao kht
49.curb (v):kim ch,hn ch
50.cure (v):cha bnh
51.depress (v):gy chn nn
52.diagnose (v):chn on
53.diet (n):ch n ung
54.dietician (n):chuyn gia dinh dng
55.diminish (v):gim bt
56.disease (n):cn bnh (=illness)
57.disorder (n):s ri lon
58.disrupt (v):gy gin on
59.eliminate (v):loi tr
60.essential (adj):cn thit
61.exercise (n):th dc
62.factor (n):nhn tc
113

63.fat (n):m,cht bo
64.harm (n):tn hi
65.healthy (adj):khe mnh (=vigorous)
66.infectious (adj):truyn nhim
67.ingredient (n):thnh phn
68.insomnia (n):chng mt ng
69.intake (n):lng tiu th
70.maintain (v):duy tr
71.moderate (adj):va phi
72.muscular (adj):vm v
73.nutrient (n):cht dinh dng
74.nutritious (adj):b dng
75.obesity (n):s bo ph
76.onset (n):s bt u
77.overdo (v):lm qu sc
78.overeat (v):n qu mc
79.overweight (adj):tha cn
80.persistent (adj):dai dng
81.portion (n): khu phn thc n
82.prevent (v):ngn chn
83.recommend (v): ngh
84.recover (v):hi phc
85.reduce (v):gim bt
86.regular (adj):u n
87.risk (n):s ri ro
114

88.skip (v):b qua

89.stimulate (v):kch thch
90.stress (n):s cng thng
91.stroke (n):t qu
92.symptom (n):triu chng
93.taste (n):v
94.therapy (n):s iu tr
95.trigger (v):kch thch,khi ngun
96.variety (n):s a dng
97.vital (adj):quan trng
98.weight (n):trng lng
TOPIC 12:REACHING FOR THE SKIES
1. acclimatize (v):thch nghi
2. asteroid (n):hnh tinh nh
3. astronaut (n):phi hnh gia
4. atmosphere (n):kh quyn
5. colonize (v) :chim lm thuc a
6. commercial (adj):thuc v thng mi
7. cosmos (n):v tr
8. crater (n):h
9. debris (n):mnh v
10.Earth (n):tri t
11.exploration (n):s thm him
12.extreme (adj):cc
13.float (v):l lng
115

14.galaxy (n):thin h
15.gas (n):kh
16.gravity (n):trng lc
17.horizon (n):chn tri
18.inevitable (adj):khng th trnh c
19.launch (n):s phng i
20.lunar (adj):thuc v mt trng
21.meteor (n):sao bng
22.moon (n):mt trng
23.ocean (n):i dng
24.orbit (n):qu o
25.outer space (n):khng gian
26.planet (n):hnh tinh
27.propel (v):y i
28.radiation (n):bc x
29.rocket (n):tn la
30.rotate (v):quay vng (=spin)
31.satellite (n):v tinh
32.simulator (n):thit b m hnh ha
33.solar (adj):thuc mt tri
34.solar system (n):h mt tri
35.space (n):khng gian
36.space shuttle (n):tu con thoi
37.space station (n):trm khng gian
38.spacecraft (n):tu v tr
116

39.surface (n):b mt
40.sustain (v):duy tr
41.terrestrial (adj):thuc tri t
42.toxic (adj):c
43.undergo (v):tri qua
44.uninhabitable (adj):khng th c tr
45.universal (adj):ph bin,chung
46.unmanned (adj):khng ngi li
47.weightlessness (n):tnh trng khn trng lc
48.access (v):truy cp
49.antivirus (adj):chng vi rt
50.automatically (adv):t ng
51.compact (adj):nn
52.computerisation (n):vi tnh ha
53.connection (n):s kt ni
54.data (n);d liu
55.dated (adj):li thi
56.device (n):thit b
57.digital (adj):k thut s
58.display (v):hin th
59.download (v):ti d liu xung
60.envisage (v):tng tng,d tn
61.function (n):chc nng
62.gadget (n):cng c
63.keyboard (n):bn phm
117

64.keypad (n):bn phm nh

65.labour-saving (adj):tit kim sc lao ng
66.laptop (n):my tnh xch tay
67.memory (n):b nh
68.monitor (n):mn hnh (=screen)
69.mouse (n):chut my tnh
70.operate (v):hot ng
71.operating system (n):h iu hnh
72.patent (n):bng sng ch
73.portable (adj):di ng
74.program (n):chng trnh
75.prototype (n):nguyn mu
76.remote control (n):iu khin t xa
77.revolutionize (v):cch mng ha
78.scroll (v):cun ln /xung
79.silicon chip (m):mch tch hp
80.speculate (v):phng on
81.state-of-the-art (adj):hin i nht
82.store (v):lu tr (=keep)
83.surpass (v):vt tri hn
84.technology (n):cng ngh
85.telecommunications (n):vin thng
86.up-to-date (adj):cp nht
87.user-friendly (adj):d dng
88.virtual (adj):o
118

89.vision (n):tm nhn

90.wireless connection (n):kt ni khng dy
TOPIC 13:THE MODERN WORLD
1. attitude (n):thi
2. brand (n):nhn hng
3. culture (n):vn ha
4. cycle (n):chu trnh
5. demographics (n):s liu thng k dn s
6. development (n):s pht trin
7. diversity (n):s a dng
8. hindsight (n):s nhn thc mun sau khi s vic xy ra
9. icon (n):hnh tng (=image)
10.identity (n):nhn dng
11.implication (n):kt qu c th xy ra ca mt hnh ng hoc quyt nh (=consequence)
12.impact (n):tc ng
13.increase (v):gia tng
14.influence (n):nh hng
15.industry (n):cng nghip
16.isolation (n):s c lp
17.joint venture (n):lin doanh
18.monopoly (n):c quyn
19.market (n):th trng
20.modernisation (n):hin i ha
21.multiculturalism (n):a vn ha
22.percentage (n):phn trm
119

23.population (n):dn s
24.prediction (n):s d bo
25.projection (n):d tnh
26.proportion (n):t l
27.rate (n):t l
28.statistic (n):thng k
29.trend (n):xu hng
30.age (v):gi i,lo ha
31. current (adj):hin hnh
32.elderly (adj):ln tui
33.ethnic (adj):dn tc
34.exotic (adj):ngoi lai
35.global (adj):ton cu
36.local (adj):a phng
37.long-term (adj):di hn
38.mid-term (adj):trung hn
39.productive (adj):c nng sut
40.sceptical (adj):hoi nghi
41.short-term (adj):ngn hn
42.subsequent (adj):xy ra sau
43.wealthy (adj):giu c
44.worldwide (adj):khp th gii
45.compound (v):pha trn
46.contribute (v):ng gp
47.decline (v):t chi
120

48.diminish (v):gim bt
49.dominate (v):chim u th
50. dwindle (v):suy yu dn
51.factor (v):k n
52. indicate (v):biu th
53. merge (v):kt hp (=combine)
54.migrate (v):di tr
55.acid rain (n):ma acid
56.biodiversity (n):a dng sinh hc
57.climate change (n):bin i kh hu
58.contanmination (n):s lm bn (=pollution)
59.deforestation (n):s ph rng
60.disposal (n):s loi b
TOPIC 14:THE GREEN REVOLUTION
1. drought (n):hn hn
2. ecosystem (n):h sinh thi
3. emission (n):s pht ra (nh sng hoc nhit )
4. environment (n):mi trng
5. erosion (n):xi mn
6. exhaust (n):kh thi
7. fertilizer (n):phn bn
8. flood (n):l lt
9. food chain (n):chui thc n
10.fumes (n):khi
11.greenhouse gases (n):kh nh knh
121

12.pollutant (n):cht gy nhim

13.process (n):quy trnh
14.refuse (n):t chi
15.strain (n):trng thi cng thng
16.threat (n):s e da
17.waste (n):rc
18.achievable (adj):c th t c
19. advantageous (adj):thun li
20.at risk (adj):gp nguy him
21.beneficial (adj):c ch
22.chronic (adj):bm cht
23.conceivable (adj):c th hiu c
24.devastating (adj):tn ph
25.doubtful (adj):nghi ng
26.enviromentally frendly (adj):thn thin vi mi trng
27.feasible (adj):kh thi
28.fruitless (adj):tht bi
29.futile (adj):v ch
30.immune (adj):min nhim
31.impracticable (adj):khng th thc hin c
32.improbable (adj):kh xy ra c
33.in danger (adj):gp nguy him
34.insoluble (adj):khng gii quyt c
35.irrepairable (adj):khng th sa c
36.irreplaceable (adj):khng th thay th
122

37. irreversible (adj):khng th o ngc

38.liable (adj):c kh nng xy ra
39. life-threatening (adj):him ngho
40.pervasive (adj):lan trn (=widespread)
41.pointlesss (adj):v dng
42.pristine (adj):ban s
43.questionable (adj):ng ng
44.recyclable (adj):c th ti ch
45.sustainable (adj):bn b
46.taxing (adj):i hi nhiu c gng
47.unattainable (adj):khng th t c
48.unlikely (adj):khng chc s xy ra
49.unprecedented (adj):cha tng thy
TOPIC 15:THE BODY,THE MIND
1. ability (n):kh nng
2. abstract (adj):tru tng
3. acquire (v):thu c,t c
4. adolescent (n):thanh nin
5. behaviour (n):hnh vi
6. childhood (n):thi th u
7. cognitive (adj):lin quan n nhn thc
8. concept (n):khi nim
9. consequence (n):hu qu ,h qu
10.clumsy (adj):hu u,vng v
11.develop (v):pht trin
123

12.fond (adj):hng th,thch th

13.grow (v):pht trin,trng thnh
14.gesture (n):c ch
15.height (n):chiu cao
16.imaginaton (n):tr tng tng
17.immature (adj):cha trng thnh
18.imitate (v):bt chc
19.independent (adj):c lp
20.infancy (n):tui th u
21.irresponsible (adj):v trch nhim
22.knowledge (n):kin thc
23.look back (v)nhn li,nhn nhn li
24.master (n):ngi thnh tho
25.mature (adj):trng thnh
26.memory (n):tr nh
27.milestone (n):ct mc ng nh
28.mind (n):tm tr,tinh thn
29.patient (adj):kin nhn
30.peer (n):ng la
31.period (n) : giai on,thi gian
32.phase (n): thi k
33.rate (n):t l,tc
34.rebellious (adj):ni lon (=insurgent)
35.remember (v):nh
36.remind (v):nhc nh
124

37.reminisce (v):hi tng nh li

38.significant (adj):quan trng
39.skill (n):k nng
40.stage (n):giai on
41.toddler (n):a b mi bit i chp chng
42.tolerant (adj):v tha
43.transition (n):s chuyn tip,s chuyn giao
44.typically (adv):mt cch in hnh
45.visualise (v):hnh dung,mng tng
TOPIC 16:PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS,BIG CITY LIFE
1. address (n):a ch
2. adequate (adj):y ,tng xng
3. adjust (v):iu chnh
4. aggravate (v):lm trm trng thm
5. basic (adj):c bn
6. benefit (n):li ch
7. booming (adj):ang pht trin nhanh chng
8. catastrophic (adj):thm khc
9. cause (n): gy ra
10.challenge (n):th thch
11.compete (v):cnh tranh,ganh ua
12.compound (v):ghp,pha trn
13.compromise (v):tha hip
14.crowded (adj)::ng c
15.deal (v):gii quyt,x l
125

16.decent (adj):lch s,tao nh,chnh t

17.deteriorate (v):lm gim gi tr
18.developing (adj):ang pht trin
19.difficulty (n):kh khn
20.dilemma (n):tnh th tin thoi lng nam
21.double-edged (adj):hai li (va li va hi)
22.enhance (v):nng cao
23.exacerbate (v):lm trm trng thm
24.exclude (v):loi tr,khng bao gm
25.face (v):i din
26.flourish (v):thnh vng,pht t
27.identify (v):nhn bit,nhn dng
28.improve (v):ci thin
29.include (v):bao gm
30.isolate (v):cch ly
31.issue (n):vn
32.linger (v):nn n,chn ch
33.long-sighted (adj):nhn xa trng rng
34.long-term (adj):di hn,lu di
35.megacity (n):thnh ph rt ln (trn 10 triu dn )
36.migrant (n):ngi di c
37.modify (v):sa i ,iu chnh
38.obstacle (n):chng ngi vt
39.overcome (v):vt qua
40.overpriced (adj):qu t,hn mc bnh thng
126

41.overworked (adj):b bt phi lm vic qu sc

42.population (n):dn s
43.poverty (n):s ngho kh
44.present (v):trnh by
45.pressing (adj):cp bch ,cp thit
46.raise (v):tng,nng
47.reform (v):ci cch ci thin
48.regulate (v) :iu chnh li cho ng
49.remedy (v):cu cha,n b
50.resolve (v):gii quyt
51.rural (adj):nng thn
52.setback (n):kh khn lm tr hon
53.short-sighted (adj):c tm nhn hn hp
54.short-term (adj):ngn hn
55.slum (n):nh chut
56.staggering (adj):gy sng st
57.tackle (v):x tr,gii quyt
58.tolerate (v):chu ng
59.transform (v):thay i bin i
60.worsen (v):lm ti t hn.
TOPIC 17:TOURISM,TRAVEL
1. accommodation (n):ni n
2. adventurous (adj):mo him,phiu lu
3. affect (v):nh hng (=influence)
4. attraction (n):s hp dn
127

5. budget (adj):r,khng tn nhiu tin (=cheap)

6. breathtaking (adj):hp dn,ngon mc
7. coastal (adj):thuc min ven bin
8. community (n):cng ng
9. cosmopolitan (n):ngi c tri nghim nhiu v th gii
10.countryside (n):ngoi
11.destination (n):im n
12.diverse (n):a dng
13.eco-tourism (n): du lch sinh thi
14.facility (n):cng c,thit b
15.flexible (adj):linh hot,linh ng
16.fluctuate (v):dao ng
17.foreign (adj): (thuc ) nc ngoi
18.identification (n):chng minh nhn dn
19.inhabitant (n):ngi dn,dn c
20.itinerary (n):hnh trnh
21.journey (n):cuc hnh trnh
22.landscape (n):phong cnh
23.local (adj):thuc a phng
24.luggage (n):hnh l
25.luxurious (adj):xa x,sang trng
26.mountainous (adj):c ni,c nhiu ni
27.peaceful (adj):bnh yn,ha bnh
28.peak (n):nh (ni) (=top)
29.picturesque (adj):p nh tranh
128

30.polluted (adj):b nhim

31.quaint (adj):c o,k l
32.remote (adj):xa xi
33.rough (adj):g gh,xu
34.scenic (adj):c nhiu cnh p
35.stunning (adj):tuyt vi,lng ly
36.tough (adj):bn b,dai sc
37.tourism (n):du lch
38.traditional (adj):thuc truyn thng
39.travel (v):i du lch
40.trend (n):xu hng
41.trip (n):cuc du ngon
42.unspoilt (adj):khng b h hng
43.urban (adj):thuc thnh ph
44.village (n):lng mc
TOPIC18:EMPLOYMENT,MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING
1. advertise (v):qung co
2. apply (v):xin vic
3. boss (n):ng ch,ch
4. campaign (n):chin dch
5. candidate (n):th sinh,ng vin
6. career (n):s nghip
7. casual (adj):thi v,tm thi
8. clerk (n):th k,ngi bn hng
9. client (n):khch hng
129

10.colleague (n):ng nghip

11.company (n):cng ty
12.competitor (n):ngi cnh tranh,i th
13.comsumer (n):ngi tiu dng
14.credibility (n):s tn nhim
15.customize (v):iu chnh cho ph hp
16.demanding (adj):i hi kht khe
17.earn (v):kim tin
18.economic (adj) : (thuc) kinh t
19.employ (v):tuyn,thu
20. endorse (v):chng thc,xc nhn
21.exhausting (adj):lm kit sc
22.experience (n):kinh nghim
23.goods (n): hng ha
24.hospitality (n):s hiu khch
25.income (n):thu nhp
26.industry (n):cng nghip
27.interview (n):bui phng vn
28.invest (v):u t
29.job (n):cng vic,ngh
30. labourer (n):ngi lao ng chn tay
31.management (n):s qun l
32.market (n):th trng
33.marketing (n):s tip th
34.meeting (n):cuc hp,cuc gp mt
130

35.money (n):tin
36.monotonous (adj):n iu bun t
37.niche (n):v tr thch hp
38.occupation (n):ngh nghip
39.office (n):vn phng c quan
40.overtime (n):gi lm thm
41.packaging (n):bao b
42.part-time (adj):bn thi gian
43.pay (n):tin lng
44.perk (n):bng lc
45.persuade (v):thuyt phc
46.product (n):sn phm
47.promote (v):thng cp
48.prospect (n):vin cnh
49.qualification (n):phm cht,kh nng
50.redundant (adj):khng cn n,b sa thi
51.request (v):yu cu
52.retail (v):bn l
53.retire (v):v hu
54.rewarding (adj):ng lm
131

CHUYN 4: WRITING
VIT LI CU SAO CHO NGHA KHNG I

Phng php chung :
y l mt dng bi kh i vi nhiu bn bi cc em khng bit vit sao cho ng v
chun.iu ny l iu d hiu bi sau hn 10 nm,dng bi t lun ny mi quay tr li vi
thi chung. lm tt dng bi ny cc em nn su tm nhiu mu cu trong bi tp v
thi. Cun Hng dn n tp v lm bi thi mn Ting Anh ca tc gi Vnh B l cun
sch c gi tr nht trong chuyn ny. Lm tt trong cun sch chc chn cc em s t
im cao phn ny trong k thi .
Mt s cu trc c bn:
1.It takes sb khong thi gian to do sth
= sb spend khong thi gian doing sth
VD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.
= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.
2. Understand = to be aware of
VD: Do you understand the grammar structure?
= Are you aware of the grammar structure?
3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: She likes politics = She is interested in politics
4.Because + clause = because of + N
VD: He cant move because his leg was broken
= He cant move because of his broken leg
5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast
= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= We managed to dig the Panama cannel
Cc mu cu thng gp
132

7. Cu trc : ..too + adj (for sb) to do sth : qu lm g

VD: My father is too old to drive
so + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: qu n ni m
VD: she is so beautiful that everybody loves her.
= it is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: lm g
VD: This car is enough safe for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber
Mt s dng bi c bn
8.Cu trc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thch, mun ai lm g
VD: Iprefer you (not) to smoke here
Id rather you (not) smoked here
9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thch lm g hn lm g
Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
Shed rather stay at home than go out
10. Can = tobe able to = tobe possible
VD: he cant walk on his foot
He isnt able to walk on his foot
He is unable to walk on his foot
He is impossible to walk on his foot
11. Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi ..thi
No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
Harly had I left the house when he appeared
No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12.Not..any more : khng cn na
No longer + dng o ng
S no more V
VD: I dont live in the courtryside anymore
No longer do I live in the coutryside
I no more live in the coutryside
13. At no time + dng o ng : khng khi no, chng khi no
VD: I dont think she loves me
At no time do I think she loves me
14. Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth : khng ng lm g
Cc dng thng gp
133

14. Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : khng ng, v ch lm g
VD:Its not worth making him get up early
There is no point in making him getting early
15. It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dng
nh rng
VD: It seems that he will come late
= it appears that / it is likely he will come late
= he is likely to come late.
= it look as if he will come late
Cc dng cu thng gp
16. Notuntil ..: khng cho ti khi
> Not until . Dng o ng : khng cho ti khi
> Only when..dng o ng : ch khi
VD: He doesnt believe the truth until he opens the letter
Not until he opens the letter does he believe the truth
Only when he opens the letter does he believe the truth
17. Need to V = tobe necessary (for sb) to V
VD: you dont need to send her message
Its not necessary for you to send her message
Cc cu trc vit li cu o ng:

1.At no time / never + Vaux (Tr t) + S + V : Khng bao gi
The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
2.On no account + Vaux + S V : Khng v bt c l do no
U Should never be late for the exam
=> On no account should U be late for the Exam.
3. In/Under no circumstances + Vaux + S V : D trong bt k tnh hung/hon cnh no
I'll never betray my own country
=> In/Under no circumstances will I betray my own country
4.Only by Doing + Vaux + S V :Ch bng cch lm g
We must take a taxi or will be late
=> Only by taking a taxi will we get there on time.
5. Only After + N + Vaux + S V : Ch sau khi lm g
134

U Will be able to get a job only after U have Graduated

=> Only after Your Graduation will U be able to get a Job
6.Only When + S V, Vaux + S V : Ch khi lm g
I didn't know she had been well-known until her friends told me.
=> Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
7.Only With + N + Vaux+ S V : Ch vi ci g
He couldn't have bought the car if the bank hadn't lent him the money.
=> Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
8.Not until S V , Vaux + S V : Cho n khi
They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped
=>Not until the rain stopped could they go on working
9. Not until + N + Vaux+ S V : Mi n khi
Man didn't fly into space until the early 1960s
=> Not until the early 1960s i man fly into space.
10.Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Barely + Vaux + S V : him khi m
She seldom misses a lecture
=> Seldom does she miss a lecture
11.So adj/adv + Vaux + S V That S V : n ni m
Almost of everyone in the party starred at a beautiful girl.
=> So beautiful does a girl that almost of everyone in the party starred at.
12. Adv of Place + V + S : o ng nhn mnh a im
The books lay on the table
=> On the table lay the books
13.No sooner had + S done - than S did : Va mi...th ...
No sooner had we come home than it rained
14. Hardly had + S Done when S did :
Hardly had we come home when it rained
Nhng cu trc ting Anh thng dng
S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something(qu.... cho ai lm g...)
e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember.
e.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow.
S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (qu... n ni m...)
e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.
e.g2: He speaks so soft that we cant hear anything.
135

It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V(qu... n ni m...)

e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.
e.g.2: It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (... cho ai lm g...)
e.g.1: She is old enough to get married.
e.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
Have/ get + something + done (VpII)(nh ai hoc thu ai lm g...)
e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday.
e.g.2: Id like to have my shoes repaired.
It + be + time + S + V (-ed, ct 2) / Its +time +for someone +to do something( n lc ai
phi lm g...)
e.g.1: It is time you had a shower.
e.g.2: Its time for me to ask all of you for this question.
It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something(lm g... mt bao nhiu
thigian...)
e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school.
e.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing(ngn cn ai/ci g... khng lm g..)
e.g.1: I cant prevent him from smoking
e.g.2: I cant stop her from tearing
S + find+ it+ adj to do something(thy ... lm g...)
e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English.
e.g.2: They found it easy to overcome that problem.
To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thch ci g/lm g hn ci g/ lm g)
e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat.
e.g.2: I prefer reading books to watching TV.
Would rather + V* (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)(thch lm g hn lm g)
e.g.1: She would rather play games than read books.
e.g.2: Id rather learn English than learn Biology.
To be/get Used to + V-ing(quen lm g)
e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks.
Used to + V (infinitive)(Thng lm g trong qk v by gi khng lm na)
e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.
e.g.2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day.
to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing( ngc nhin v....)
to be angry at + N/V-ing(tc gin v)
to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing(gii v.../ km v...)
136

by chance = by accident (adv)(tnh c)

to be/get tired of + N/V-ing(mt mi v...)
cant stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing(khng nhn c lm g...)
to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing(thch lm g ...)
to be interested in + N/V-ing(quan tm n...)
to waste + time/ money + V-ing(tn tin hoc tg lm g)
To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing(dnh bao nhiu thi gian lm g)
To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something(dnh thi gian vo vic g...)
e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a day.
e.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes.
to give up + V-ing/ N(t b lm g/ ci g...)
would like/ want/wish + to do something(thch lm g...)
have + (something) to + Verb(c ci g lm)
It + be + something/ someone + that/ who(chnh...m...)
Had better + V(infinitive)(nn lm g....)
hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/
suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing,
e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday.
Its + adj + to + V-infinitive(qu g .. lm g)
Take place = happen = occur(xy ra)
to be excited about(thch th)
to be bored with/ fed up with(chn ci g/lm g)
There is + N-s t, there are + N-s nhiu(c ci g...)
feel like + V-ing(cm thy thch lm g...)
expect someone to do something(mong i ai lm g...)
advise someone to do something(khuyn ai lm g...)
go + V-ing(ch cc tr tiu khin..)(go camping...)
leave someone alone( ai yn...)
By + V-ing(bng cch lm...)
want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/
hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + Vinfinitive
e.g.1: I decide to study English.
for a long time = for years = for ages( nhiu nm ri)(dng trong th hin ti hon thnh)
when + S + V(Qk), S + was/were + V-ing.
When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
137

After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd)

to be crowded with(rt ng ci g ...)
to be full of(y ci g ...)
To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj(y l cc ng t tri
gic c ngha l: c v nh/ l/ dng nh/ tr nn... sau chng nu c adj v adv th chng ta
phi chn adj)
except for/ apart from(ngoi, tr...)
as soon as(ngay sau khi)
to be afraid of(s ci g..)
could hardly (hu nh khng)( ch : hard khc hardly)
Have difficulty + V-ing(gp kh khn lm g...)
Ch phn bit 2 loi tnh t V-ed v V-ing: dng -ed miu t v ngi, -ing cho vt. v
khi mun ni v bn cht ca c ngi v vt ta dng ing
e.g.1: That film is boring.
e.g.2: He is bored.
e.g.3: He is an interesting man.
e.g.4: That book is an interesting one. (khi khng nn nhm vi ed, chng hn ta ni : a
loved man c ngha ngi n ng c mn m, tc l c ngha B v c )
in which = where; on/at which = when
Put + up + with + V-ing(chu ng...)
Make use of + N/ V-ing(tn dng ci g ...)
Get + adj/ Pii
Make progress(tin b...)
take over + N(m nhim ci g...)
Bring about(mang li)
Ch : so + adj cn such + N
At the end of v In the end(cui ci g v kt cc)
To find out(tm ra),To succeed in(thnh cng trong...)
Go for a walk(i do)/ go on holiday/picnic(i ngh)
One of + so snh hn nht + N(mt trong nhng...)
It is the first/ second.../best + Time + th hin ti hon thnh
Live in(sng )/ Live at + a ch c th/ Live on (sng nh vo...)
To be fined for(b pht v)
from behind(t pha sau...)
so that + mnh (....)
In case + mnh (trong trng hp...)
138

can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to... (modal Verbs) + Vinfinitive
VIT MT ON VN
vit mt on vn, u tin ta cn phi tm cu ch . Khi c cu ch
, ta phi tm c th trin khai chnh. Vic tm khng qu phc tp. Th
sinh ch cn t t ra nhng cu hi lin quan n cu ch sau t tr li
chng. Nhng cu hi ny thng bt u bng cc t nghi vn (question words)
nh What, When, Where, Why, How.
Nhng cu tr li cho cc cu hi trn s c s dng nh supporting
sentences (cc cu vn chng minh, din gii chnh trong cu ch ).
Khi c cc supporting sentences, ngi vit ch cn rp ni chng li th s
c mt on vn hon chnh. Tuy nhin, mu cht cng on ny l cc em phi
bit sp xp cc cu vn theo mt trt t nht nh ch khng phi "c g vit ny".
Cui cng, bn c th kt thc on vn bng mt cu kt (concluding
sentence). Thng thng cu kt c thc hin bng cch vit li cu ch theo
mt dng khc m thi.
Tuy nhin, cu kt khng nht thit lun phi c trong on vn, ngha l nu
bn t tin mnh vit tt th kt bi vi cu kt, cn khng th khng s dng cu ny.
Hy thc hin vit bi lun theo 6 bc sau:
1- Vit cu ch (Lu : Cn trit li dng bi vit thnh cu ch ).
2- Kim tra li cu ch bit chc trong cu ch ca bn c topic v
controlling idea.
3- Tm chng minh/ din gii chnh bng cch t cc cu hi m u bng t
nghi vn.
(Lu : Do di ca on vn b khng ch nn bn ch cn t khaongr 5 cu hi
l c. Nh rng cc cu hi phi lin quan n cu ch ).
4 Rp cc cu tr li cho cc cu hi ca bn (supporting sentences) li thnh mt
on vn hon chnh. Cn nh mu cht bc ny l bn phi bit chc mnh ang
s dng trt t no rp ni supporting sentences.
5- Cn nhc c nn vit cu kt hay khng. Nu khng chc chn th b qua bc
ny.
6 Kim tra li cc li chnh t, li ng php c th c trong tng cu vit ca bn.
139

Phn tch bi lun sau :

bi : Write about a person you love or admire
My mother is a person I admire most. She devoted a lot of time and energy
to the upbringing of my two brothers and I. Despite working hard, she always
made time to teach us many useful things which are necessary and important in
our later lives. Moreover, she is a good role model for me to follow. She always
tries to get on well with people who live next door and help everyone when they
are in difficulties, so most of them respect and love her. I admire and look up to
my mother because she not only brings me up well but also stands by me and
gives some help if necessary. For example, when I encounter some difficulties,
she will give me some precious advice to help me solve those problems. She has
a major influence on me and I hope that I will inherit some of her traits.
Topic sentence : My mother is a person I admire most. (M ti l ngi ti ngng m nht)
Dch :
M ti l ngi m ti ngng m nht. M cng hin nhiu thi gian
v sc lc vo vic dy d ti v hai anh trai ti. Mc d lm vic vt v nhng
b y lun dnh thi gian dy chng ti nhiu iu b ch m cn thit v
quan trng trong cuc sng sau ny ca chng ti. Hn na, m l mt tm
gng cho ti noi theo. M lun c gng sng ha thun vi nhng ngi hng
xm bn cnh v gip mi ngi khi h gp kh khn cho nn hu ht mi
ngi tn trng v yu qu b y. Ti ngng m v knh trng m ti khng
ch bi v b nui dng ti tt m m cn bn ti v a ra s gip nu cn
thit. V d nh khi ti gp nhng kh khn th m s a ra nhng li khuyn
qu gi gip ti gii quyt nhng vn . M c nh hng ln ti ti v ti
hi vng rng ti s tha hng c mt s nt tnh cch ca m.
*** Mt s t ni thng dng cho vn vit :

1. Nhng t dng thm thng tin
and (v)
also (cng)
besides (ngoi ra)
first, second, third (th nht, th hai, th ba)
in addition (thm vo )
140

in the first place, in the second place, in the third place ( ni th nht, ni th hai, ni th
ba)
furthermore (xa hn na)
moreover (thm vo )
to begin with, next, finally (bt u vi, tip theo l, cui cng l)
Bn hy xem v d sau bit cch s dng nhng t ni trn nh th no nh!
In the first place, no "burning" in the sense of combustion, as in the burning of wood, occurs
in a volcano; moreover, volcanoes are not necessarily mountains; furthermore, the activity
takes place not always at the summit but more commonly on the sides or flanks; and finally,
the "smoke" is not smoke but condensed steam.
(Th nht, khng c la chy hay g chy no trong lng ni la c, hn th na, ni la l
loi ni khng cn thit, thm vo , cc hot ng ca ni la khng phi lc no cng din
ra trn nh ni m din ra thng xuyn hn sn ni, v cui cng, khi khng phi l
khi thng thng m l dng khi bi)
2. Nhng t du hiu ch nguyn nhn, h qu
Accordingly (Theo nh)
and so (v v th)
as a result (Kt qu l)
consequently (Do )
for this reason (V l do ny nn)
hence, so, therefore, thus (V vy)
then (Sau )
V d:
The ideologue is often brilliant. Consequently some of us distrust brilliance when we should
distrust the ideologue.
(Mt nh l lun thng cc k thng minh. V vy nn mt vi ngi trong chng ta thng
khng tin tng vo chnh s thng minh ca mnh khi bc b li mt nh l lun)
3. Nhng du hiu ch s so snh
by the same token (bng nhng bng chng tng t nh th)
in like manner (theo cch tng t)
in the same way (theo cch ging nh th)
in similar fashion (theo cch tng t th)
141

likewise, similarly (tng t th)

V d:
When you start with a portrait and search for a pure form, a clear volume, through successive
eliminations, you arrive inevitably at the egg. Likewise, starting with the egg and following
the same process in reverse, one finishes with the portrait.
(Pablo Picasso)
(Khi bn bt u v mt bc chn dung v tm kim mt hnh mu trong sng, kch c r rng,
gii hn li nhng chi tit cn thit, r rng rng bn ang v mt qu trng. Cng ging nh
vy, nu bn v mt qu trng v tip theo l mt qu trnh ngc li, bn s c mt bc chn
dung)
(Pablo Picasso)
4. Nhng du hiu ch s i lp
but, yet (nhng)
however, nevertheless (tuy nhin)
in contrast, on the contrary (i lp vi)
instead (Thay v)
on the other hand (Mt khc)
still (vn)
V d:
A number of writers have claimed that Asian women are now as free as their Western
counterparts to get divorced. However/Nevertherless/Despite this, the average Asian woman
does not really have the same freedom to get divorced if she is in an unhappy marriage.
(Rt nhiu nh vn ni rng gi y ph n Chu cng t do nh ph n Chu u trong
vic ly d. Tuy nhin, trung bnh th ph n Chu khng c c t do nh th nu h
khng hnh phc trong hn nhn).
5. Nhng t du hiu ch kt lun hoc tng kt.
and so (v v th)
after all (sau tt c)
at last, finally (cui cng)
in brief (ni chung)
in closing (tm li l)
in conclusion (kt lun li th)
on the whole (ni chung)
142

to conclude ( kt lun)
to summarize (Tm li)
V d:
To summarize, there are many reasons while people ignore conserving energy.
(Tm li l c rt nhiu l do khin mi ngi l i vic gi gn ngun nng lng).
6. T du hiu ch v d
Bn c th dng nhng cm t sau trc khi a ra v d, nh th ngi c s d dng bit
c bn ang chun b ni ti ci g.
as an example
for example
for instance
specifically
thus
to illustrate
V d:
With all the ingenuity involved in hiding delicacies on the body, this process automatically
excludes certain foods. For example, a turkey sandwich is welcome, but the cumbersome
cantaloupe is not.
(Steve Martin, "How to Fold Soup")
(Vi tt c s kho lo v tinh vi tim n trong c th, qu trnh ny t ng loi b mt vi
loi thc n c th. V d, mn g ty sandwich th c cho n nhng da chut th
khng)
(Steve Martin, "How to Fold Soup")
7. Nhng t du hiu ch s khng nh
in fact (thc t l)
indeed (Tht s l)
no (khng)
yes (c)
especially (c bit l)
V d:
143

The joy of giving is indeed a pleasure, especially when you get rid of something you dont
want.
(Frank Butler, Going My Way)
(Nim vui c c cm gic vui v thc s, c bit l khi bn t b mt vi th m bn
khng mun)
8. Nhng t du hiu ch a im
above (pha trn)
alongside (dc)
beneath (ngay pha di)
beyond (pha ngoi)
farther along (xa hn dc theo)
in back (pha sau)
in front (pha trc)
nearby (gn)
on top of (trn nh ca)
to the left (v pha bn tri)
to the right (v pha bn phi)
under (pha di)
upon (pha trn)
Hy cng xem v d sau thy hiu qu ca vic s dng nhng t ny trong mt on vn
ngn sau:
What did it matter where you lay once you were dead? In a dirty sump or in a marble tower on
top of a high hill? You were dead, you were sleeping the big sleep, you were not bothered by
things like that.
(Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep)
(Bn c bao gi quan tm xem ni m mnh nm xung sau khi cht s nh th no khng?
Mt ni ti tm bn thu hay l mt ngi m trn i cao vi hng marble trn nh?
Nhng khi bn qua i, bn ang ng mt gic ng di, v vy chc bn cng chng quan tm
n nhng th nh th u).
9. Nhng t du hiu ch s nhc li
in other words (ni cch khc)
in short (ni ngn gn li th)
in simpler terms (ni theo mt cch n gin hn)
that is ( l)
144

to put it differently (ni khc i th)

to repeat ( nhc li)
V d:
Anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer studied the few peaceful human tribes and discovered one
common characteristic: sex roles were not polarized. Differences of dress and occupation were
at a minimum. Society in other words, was not using sexual blackmail as a way of getting
women to do cheap labor, or men to aggressive.
(Gloria Steinem, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win")
(Nh nhn chng hc Geoffrey Gorer nghin cu con ngi ca nhiu b lc yn bnh v
khm ph ra mt c im chung: vai tr ca gii khng b b phn cc. S khc bit v trang
phc v ngh nghip mc ti thiu. Ni cch khc th x hi khng s dng gii tnh nh
cch bt ph n lm lao ng gi r hay cho rng n ng l nhng ngi nng n).
(Gloria Steinem, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win")
10. Nhng t ch du hiu thi gian
afterward (v sau)
at the same time (cng thi im)
currently (hin ti)
earlier (sm hn)
formerly (trc )
immediately (ngay lp tc)
in the future (trong tng lai)
in the meantime (trong khi ch i)
in the past (trong qu kh)
later (mun hn)
meanwhile (trong khi )
previously (trc )
simultaneously (ng thi)
subsequently (sau )
then (sau )
until now (cho n by gi)
Nu bn bit cch kt hp nhng t du hiu ch thi gian ny mt cch thch hp th bi vit
ca bn s mang tnh logic cao hn:
145

V d:
At first a toy, then a mode of transportation for the rich, the automobile was designed as man's
mechanical servant. Later it became part of the pattern of living.
(u tin l chi, sau l m hnh vn ti cho ngi giu, xe hi c thit k nh ngi
y t l ngi my cho con ngi. Sau n tr thnh mt phn ca cuc sng).
Vn cng mt nhng nu bn bit cch kt hp chng li vi nhau bng cch s dng cc t
ni th bi vn ca bn s tr nn mch lc hn rt nhiu. Chc cc bn vit ngy cng hay
hn!
146

CHUYN 5:
BI TP TNG HP C GII CHI TIT

TEST 1
1.AIDS is a(n)_____ disease

A.endanger B.danger C.endangered D.dangerous
2.The children____ to the zoo
A.were enjoyed taking B.were enjoyed taken
C.enjoyed taking D.enjoyed being taken
3.When I came to visit her last night,she___a bath
A.was having B.is having C.had D.has
4.Hung: Thank you very much for a lovely party
Hoa: ______
A.You are welcome B.Thanks C.Cheers D.Have a good day
5.Jim is five centimeters_____than Tom
A.higher B.tall C.taller D.tallest
6.Its important to project a(n)___ image during the interview.
A.upbeat B.cheerful C.optimistic D.positive
7.The whole village was (wiped out) in the bombing raids
A.changed completely B.cleaned well
C.destroyed completely D.removed quickly
8. A.criticize B.miserable C.inferior D.questionable
9. A.television B.repetition C.moutaineer D.residential
10. A.experience B.simplify C.physician D.material
147

P N V HNG DN GII TEST 1 (25/8/2014)

1.P N L D:dangerous: nguy him.trc mt danh t ta cn mt tnh t => A,B loi.
Loi C v endangered mang tnh b ng khng ph hp vi ngha ca cu
2.P N L D:sau enjoy l mt ng t V.ing=>B loi. ng t trong cu l take ngha l:
a,mang,ly.m ch th l bn tr con=>cu mang ngha b ng=>p n D
3.P N L A: was having.Cng thc vi when
When+S+Ved (qu kh n),S+was/were+ Ving
4.P N L A:You are welcome:bn xng ng vi iu
5. P N L C:taller cng thc so snh.khi ni v chiu cao ta dng tall.khi ni v cao
ta dng high
6P N L D:positive
Dch:tht quan trng khi to ra mt hnh nh tch cc trong cuc phng vn
3 p n cn li khng hp ngha
7. P N L D: wipe out:tan nt,ph hu hon ton
8.P N L C: inferior trng m ri vo m tit th hai
A,B,D trng m ri vo m tit th nht
9. P N L A: trng m ri vo m tit th nht
B,C,D ri vo m th ba
10. P N L B:trng m ri vo m tit th nht
A,C,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
148

TEST 2
1.We took___of the fine weather and spent the day on the beach.
A.occasion B.chance C.advantage D.effect
2.He was___ with robbery,found guilty and sent to prison
A.charged B.accused C.convicted D.sentenced
3.The school was closed for a mnth because of serious____ of fever
A.outcome B.outburst C.outset D.outbreak
4. I havent got anything for you
______
A.Never mind B.It isnt the matter C.Nothing! D.Not problem
5.You should know that everyone in this office___ busily planning the dance for a week.
A.is B.has been C.have been D.are
6.(It) is imortant that you (turned off) the heater every morning (before) you (leave for ) class
7.(The) lion has (long) been (a) symbol of strength,power,and (it is very cruel)
8.Nobody (had known) before (the) presentation that Sue and her sister (will receive) (the)
awards for outstanding scholarship.
9. A.disaster B.encounter C.determine D.consonant
10.eventually B.capacity C.altogether D.particular
149

P N V HNG DN GII TEST 2

1.We took___of the fine weather and spent the day on the beach.
A.occasion B.chance C.advantage D.effect
P N L C: take advantage of : tn dng,li dng
2.He was___ with robbery,found guilty and sent to prison
A.charged B.accused C.convicted D.sentenced
P N L A charged with sth: buc ti
Anh ta b buc ti n cp.....
3.The school was closed for a mnth because of serious____ of fever
A.outcome B.outburst C.outset D.outbreak
P N L D:outbreak:s bng n,bng pht.
4. I havent got anything for you
______
A.Never mind B.It isnt the matter C.Nothing! D.Not problem
P N L A:never mind: ng bn tm
5.You should know that everyone in this office___ busily planning the dance for a week.
A.is B.has been C.have been D.are
P N L B:has been
Everyone i vi ng t s t.Loi A v khng hp th (for a week)
6.(It) is important that you (turned off) the heater every morning (before) you (leave for ) class
P N L B:turned off=> turn off
Cu trc It is essential/important/suggested/etc..+S+V (nguyn th)
7.(The) lion has (long) been (a) symbol of strength,power,and (it is very cruel)
P N L D:it is very cruel=>cruelty
Cu trc song song vi lin t and: trc c hai danh t (strength/power) c ni vi lin
t and => phi l danh t.
150

8.Nobody (had known) before (the) presentation that Sue and her sister (will receive) (the)
awards for outstanding scholarship.
P N L C:will receive=>would receive
9. A.disaster B.encounter C.determine D.consonant
P N L C: determine trng m ri vo m tit th nht
A,B,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
10. A.eventually B.capacity C.altogether D.particular
P N L C:altogether trng m ri vo m tit th ba
A B D trng m ri vo m tiest th hai
TEST 3
1.You need to____ this form before joining the club
A.fill B.fill in C.finish D.write
2.Its over two years___ we visited him.
A.when B.past C.yet D.since
3.It seems he has no___of winning
A.chance B.occasion C.opportunity D.luck
4.He took___ golf when he reitred from work.
A.up B.over C.on D.after
5.Harry____ to all his relatives and friends that he was getting married.
A.told B.announced C.spoke D.related
6.He devoted most of his time__ his little brothers and sisters
A.to look after B.looking after C.look after D.to looking after
7.Our parents dont allow_____out after midnight.
A.to go B.us go C.going D.us to go
151

8.Rarely____seen going out with his friends.

A.James is B.does James C.is James
D.has James
9. A.interview B.processor C.essential D.compliment

10. A.relation B.arrange C.summary D.eliminate
152


1.You need to____ this form before joining the club
A.fill B.fill in C.finish D.write
P N L B:fil in: in vo (mu n)
2.Its over two years___ we visited him.
A.when B.past C.yet D.since
P N L D:since: t khi,k t khi
3.It seems he has no___of winning
A.chance B.occasion C.opportunity D.luck
P N L A:chance
Cu trc: have no chance of Ving:khng c c hi,kh nng no
4.He took___ golf when he reitred from work.
A.up B.over C.on D.after
P N L A:take up: tham gia mt mn th thao no
5.Harry____ to all his relatives and friends that he was getting married.
A.told B.announced C.spoke D.related
P N L B:announce to sb:thng bo ti ai
Tell khng i vi gii t
Speak v relate khng hp ngha
6.He devoted most of his time__ his little brothers and sisters
A.to look after B.looking after C.look after D.to looking after
Devote sth to Ving: cng hin,dnh ci g cho ai
7.Our parents dont allow_____out after midnight.
A.to go B.us go C.going D.us to go
P N L D:allow sb to V:ng cho ai lm iu g
153

8.Rarely____seen going out with his friends.

A.James is B.does James C.is James
D.has James
P N L C: cu trc o ng.V ng sau c t seen chia dang phn t II=> loi B

A khng ph hp vi cu trc
D khng hp vi ngha (cu mang tnh b ng)
9. A.interview B.processor C.essential D.compliment
P N L A:trng m ri vo m tit th nht
B,C,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
10. A.relation B.arrange C.summary D.eliminate
P N L C:trng m ri vo m tit th nht
A,B,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
TEST 4
1.Dont let this opportunity go___
A.by B.off C.up D.over
2.He didnt notice anything unusual.He didnt notice anything____
A.out of ordiary B.unused C.unaccustomed D.inquisitive
3.We dont go to the theatre regularly,just (off and on).
A.occasionally B.now and then C.sometime D.(A) & (B) are correct.
4.I like your new car.What___is it?
A.brand B.name C.label D.make
5.What chemical is this?Its____ a horrible smell.
A.giving over B.giving off C.giving down D.giving up
6.Harry: May I smoke?
Kate: ____
154

A.What suits you? B.You are free C.Accomodate yourself D.Go ahead
7.I came___with this book while I was doing___the attic.
A.into;with B.into;away with C.across;up
D.round;with
8.(A smaller) percentage of British students (go on) to (farther) or higher education than (any
other) European country.
9.The proposal (has repealed) after a (thirty-minutes) discussion and (a number of) objecions
to its (failure to) include our district.
10 A.eliminate B.compulsory C.technology D.academic

1.Dont let this opportunity go___
A.by B.off C.up D.over
P N L B:go off: tri mt,tut mt
2.He didnt notice anything unusual.He didnt notice anything____
A.out of ordiary B.unused C.unaccustomed D.inquisitive
P N L A:out of ordinary : bt thng
3.We dont go to the theatre regularly,just (off and on).
A.occasionally B.now and then C.sometime D.(A) & (B) are correct.
P N L B: now and then:ngy qua ngy.
4.I like your new car.What___is it?
A.brand B.name C.label D.make
P N L D:make : nhn hiu (xe hi)
5.What chemical is this?Its____ a horrible smell.
A.giving over B.giving off C.giving down D.giving up
P N L B:give off : ta ra,l ra
6.Harry: May I smoke?
155

Kate: ____
A.What suits you? B.You are free C.Accomodate yourself D.Go ahead!
P N L D:go ahead:c lm vy i,tin hnh i.
7.I came___with this book while I was doing___the attic.
A.into;with B.into;away with C.across;up
D.round;with
P N L C:come across:tnh c,bt gp

Do up: tn trang,trang tr
8.(A smaller) percentage of British students (go on) to (farther) or higher education than (any
other) European country.
P N L C:farther=>further
Farther:xa hn v khong cch a l
Further: xa hn mt cp
9.The proposal (has repealed) after a (thirty-minutes) discussion and (a number of) objecions
to its (failure to) include our district.
P N L B: thirty-minutes=>thirty-minute
Danh t dng ny lun chia dang s t
10 A.eliminate B.compulsory C.technology D.academic
P N L D:trng m ri vo m tit th ba
A,B,C trng m ri vo m tit th hai
156

TEST 5
1. A.nEIghbour B.accurATE C.debATE
D.roomATE
2. A.hUsh
D.pUt
B.pUsh
C.bUsh
3.If you work for someone,then you are_____

A.a slave B.unemployed
C.an employer D.an employee
4.I think youd better____ if you dont want to miss the train.
A.hurry B.would hurry C.hurried D.hurry on
5.This is a picture of a_____bus
A.red bright London B.bright red London
C.London bright red D.London red bright
6.The bicycle he lent me badly needed____
A.to clean B.cleaning C.clean D.to be cleaning
7.On____ he had won the scholarship,he jumped for joy
A.telling B.being told C.he has told D.having told
8.______,they slept soundly
A.Hot though was the night air B.Hot though the night air was
C.Hot the night air as was
D.Hot though the night air was
9.His physical conditon was not an (impediment) to his career as a violinist.

A.hindrance B.obstruction C.furtherance D.setback
10.The ship went down although (strenuous) efforts were made to save it
A.exhausting B.forceful C.energetic D.half hearted
1.A.nEIghbour B.accurATE C.debATE
D.roomATE
P N L B accurate
2.A.hUsh
B.pUsh
C.bUsh
D.pUt
157

P N L A:hush
3.If you work for someone,then you are_____
A.a slave B.unemployed
C.an employer D.an employee
P N L D:employee:ngi lm vic thu

A:slave:n l
B:unemployed: ngi tht nghip
C:ngi ch thu mn
4.I think youd better____ if you dont want to miss the train.
A.hurry B.would hurry C.hurried D.hurry on
P N L A:hurry
Cu trc had better+V(nguyn th)
D:hurry on khng hp ngha (tip tc ni,khng ngng ni)
5.This is a picture of a_____bus
A.red bright London B.bright red London
C.London bright red D.London red bright
P N L B: Cng thc trt t ca tnh t
OpSACOM:Opinion-Size-Age-Color-Origin-Material
6.The bicycle he lent me badly needed____
A.to clean B.cleaning C.clean D.to be cleaning
P N L B:cleaning
NEED+Ving (cng thc b ng)
7.On____ he had won the scholarship,he jumped for joy
A.telling B.being told C.he has told D.having told
P AN B:being told
ON=WHEN
158

Sau on +Ving
Cu mang tnh cht b ng>D loi
8.______,they slept soundly
A.Hot though was the night air B.Hot though the night air was
C.Hot the night air as was
D.Hot though the night air was
P N B: ADJ+AS/THOUGH+S+V: mc d
CU 9-10 CHN T TRI NGHA
9.His physical conditon was not an (impediment) to his career as a violinist.
A.hindrance B.obstruction C.furtherance D.setback
P N C:
Impediment:s tr ngi iu trn tr
Furthermance:s xc tin,y mnh
10.The ship went down although (strenuous) efforts were made to save it
A.exhausting B.forceful C.energetic D.half hearted
P N D:
Strenous:tch cc,hng hi
Half-hearted:thiu nhit huyt
TEST 6
1.Do you think Ms.Brown will_____for Parliament in the next election?
A.sit B.run C.walk D.stand b
2.I know Jimmy___him.
A.too well so as to trust B.so well as to trust C.too well to trust D.well enough as to trust
3.____is the price of this car.
159

A.What interested in us B.That we are interested in

C.That interested us D.What we are interested in
4.______the book,please return it to me.
A.Should you find B.Will you have found
C.Will you be finding D.Will you find
5.Since they arent answering their telephone,they____
A.must have left B.should have left C.need have left D.can have left
6.Im_____ my brother is.
A.nowhere like so ambitious B.nothing near as ambitious as
C.nothing as ambitious than D.nowhere near as ambitious as
7._____Id like to help you out,Im afraid I just havent got any spare money at the moment.
A.Even B.Despite C.Much as D.Try as
8.(Despite) fats and oil are (nutritionally) important (as) energy sources,medical research
(indicates) that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.
9.Searching fpr (alternate) forms of energy does not (necessary) mean the (abandonment) of
fossil fuels such as an energy (source)
10.Cool temperatures,shade,(moist),and the (presence) of dead organic material (provide) the
ideal living (conditions) for mushrooms

1.Do you think Ms.Brown will_____for Parliament in the next election?
A.sit B.run C.walk D.stand
P N B:run for:ng c ngh vin
2.I know Jimmy___him.
A.too well so as to trust B.so well as to trust C.too well to trust D.well enough as to trust
P N C: too+adj/adv+to V: qu lm g
160

Ti hiu qu r v Jim c th tin tng anh ta

3.____is the price of this car.
A.What interested in us B.That we are interested in
C.That interested us D.What we are interested in
P N D: What+S+V+is/was
Ci m chng ti quan tm l gi ca chic xe ny
4.______the book,please return it to me.
A.Should you find B.Will you have found
C.Will you be finding D.Will you find
P N A:cu iu kin loi I dng o ng
Should + S+V,S+V
Nu bn tm thy quyn sch,hy mang tr n li cho ti
5.Since they arent answering their telephone,they____
A.must have left B.should have left C.need have left D.can have left
P N L A:gi nh thc:chc hn h ra ngoi ri
6.Im_____ my brother is.
A.nowhere like so ambitious B.nothing near as ambitious as
C.nothing as ambitious than D.nowhere near as ambitious as
P N D:nowhere near (thnh ng) cn lu mi
Thng ng trc asas ca so snh bng
7._____Id like to help you out,Im afraid I just havent got any spare money at the moment.
A.Even B.Despite C.Much as D.Try as
P N C: Much as=Although: mc d
8.(Despite) fats and oil are (nutritionally) important (as) energy sources,medical research
(indicates) that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.
P N A:Despite=>Although v ng sau l mt mnh
161

9.Searching fpr (alternate) forms of energy does not (necessary) mean the (abandonment) of
fossil fuels such as an energy (source)
P N B:necessary=>necessarily
c ng t (mean) nn cn mt trng t b ngha.
10.Cool temperatures,shade,(moist),and the (presence) of dead organic material (provide) the
ideal living (conditions) for mushrooms
P N A: moist=>moisture
Cu trc song song.
TEST 7
1.Jacobson is often referred to_____ at the factory.
A.be the best engineer
B.as the best engineer
C.by the president to be the best singer.
D.as being the best engineer.
2.Neither my dad nor my mum____of the idea.
A.convinced B.have convinced C.was convinced D.were convinced
3. Ill make some sandwiches___ we get hungry
A.so that B.in case C.unless D.in case of
4.I took a course in shorthand and typing wih a(n)____ to applying for a secretarial job.
A.purpose B.intention C.view D.project
5.Look,the yard is wet.It___last night.
A.must rain B.couldnt have rained C.must have rained D.should have rained
6. I undestand you dont like opera.____,I go at least once a month.
A.On contrast B.In contrast C.In the contrast D.On the contrast
162

7.Policticians frequently____ a lot of criticism.

A.come out in B.catch up with C.come in for D.get up to
8.______that she burst into tears.
A.Such was angry girl B.So angry she was
C.She was angry so D.Her anger was such
9. A.legislature B.hilarious C.veterinary D.intimacy
10. A.pharmaceutical B.diplomacy C.superstitious D.miscellaneous

1.Jacobson is often referred to_____ at the factory.
A.be the best engineer
B.as the best engineer
C.by the president to be the best singer.
D.as being the best engineer.
P N L B: as the best singer
Cu trc: REFER TO SB/TH AS STH: ni v ai /ci g, cp v ai /ci g nh l ci g
Jacobson c cp nh l mt ngi k s gii nht ca nh my
2.Neither my dad nor my mum____of the idea.
A.convinced B.have convinced C.was convinced D.were convinced
P N L C: neither S1 nor S2=>ng t chia theo ch ng s 1 (S1)
A khng ph hp ngha (cu mang tnh b ng)
3.Ill make some sandwiches___ we get hungry
A.so that B.in case C.unless D.in case of
P N B:in case: phng khi, phng
4.I took a course in shorthand and typing wih a(n)____ to applying for a secretarial job.
163

A.purpose B.intention C.view D.project

P N C:with a(n) view to Ving:vi hi vng,vi d nh lm iu g
5.Look,the yard is wet.It___last night.
A.must rain B.couldnt have rained C.must have rained D.should have rained
P N C:gi nh thc: must have Pii:chn chn iu g xy ra trong qu kh (90%
chc chn)
Nhn ka,ci sn t.Chc hn tri ma m qua
6. I undestand you dont like opera.____,I go at least once a month.
A.On contrast B.In contrast C.In the contrast D.On the contrast
P N B:In contrast: tri ngc li
3 p n cn li khng ng cu trc
7.Policticians frequently____ a lot of criticism.
A.come out in B.catch up with C.come in for D.get up to
P N C:come in for:hng chu
8.______that she burst into tears.
A.Such was angry girl B.So angry she was
C.She was angry so D.Her anger was such
P N D: cu trc vi such.y l mt cu kh trong i hc.Thc cht c mt tnh sau
such l great.nhng great c n i theo cu trc vi so/such.(tnh t great c n i)
P N A:khng ph hp v thiu mo t a/an
B: sai v khng ng cng thc o ng (phi l so angry was she mi c chp
nhn)
C:cu trc so.that sau phi l ng t khuyt thiu
9. A.legislature B.hilarious C.veterinary D.intimacy
P N B:hilarious trng m ri vo m tit th hai
A,C,D: trng m ri vo m tit th nht
164

10. A.pharmaceutical B.diplomacy C.superstitious D.miscellaneous

P N B:diplomacy: trng m ri vo m tit th hai
A.C.D: trng m ri vo m tit th ba
TEST 8
1.Your (homework) must (to be) (done) before (class)
2.One of (the most) distinctive (plant) (found) in the (desert) is the Saguaro
3.No sooner____ the phone rang.
A.had they arrived home that B.they arrived home than
C.did they arrive home that D.had they arrived home than
4.Nick seemed to have a good time at the party,_____?
A.hadnt he B.had he C.didnt he D.hasnt he
5.The secretary apologised_____ waiting so long.
A.to me for B.for keping me C.for me keeping D.for me
6.I cant____ who it is.He is too far away.
A.take in B.stand for C.make out D.look for
7.Were I____the truth,I would tell you about it.
A.to know B.know C.knowing D.known
8. A.brEAk BwEIght C.plAne D.sAId
9. A.fOOt B.shOOt C.cOOk D.shOOk
10. A.tickled B.publishED C.producED D.replacED

1.Your (homework) must (to be) (done) before (class)
P N B: to be=>be
165

Sau ng t khuyt thiu (must,can,might,should,..) l ng t nguyn th khng c TO

2.One of (the most) distinctive (plant) (found) in the (desert) is the Saguaro
P N B:plant=>plants
Mt trong s NHNG loi ng vt d phn bit c tm thy sa mc l loi Saguaro.
3.No sooner____ the phone rang.
A.had they arrived home that B.they arrived home than
C.did they arrive home that D.had they arrived home than
P N D:o ng vi no soonerthan:va mi th
Lu :thng thng o ng vi no soonerthan.mnh sau no sooner lun dc chia
th qu kh hon thnh,v mnh sau than lun chia th qu kh n
4.Nick seemed to have a good time at the party,_____?
A.hadnt he B.had he C.didnt he D.hasnt he
P N C:didnt he:cu hi ui.Mnh trc chia th qu kh (seemed) nn cu hi
ui ta ly did lm tr ng t,mnh trc dng khng nh=>cu hi ui chia ph nh
5.The secretary apologised_____ waiting so long.
A.to me for B.for keping me C.for me keeping D.for me
P N A:to me for
Cng thc: apologise to sb for Ving:xin li ai v lm iu g
6.I cant____ who it is.He is too far away.
A.take in B.stand for C.make out D.look for
P N C:make out: nhn ra,hiu c.
7.Were I____the truth,I would tell you about it.
A.to know B.know C.knowing D.known
P N A:to know
o ng vi cu iu kin loi II:
Were S+ N/to V,S+would+V
166

8. A.brEAk BwEIght C.plAne D.sAId

P N D:
9. A.fOOt B.shOOt C.cOOk D.shOOk
P N D
10. A.tickled B.publishED C.producED D.replacED
P N A
TEST 9
1.Jane: Thank you for a lovely evening.
Barbara:____
A.Thanks B.Cheer! C.Have a good day D.You are welcome
2.Who was the last one___ the classroom yesterday.
A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.had left
3.He tries to____ himself everyone by paying those compliments.
A.gratify B.please C.ingratiate D.commend
4. A.familiar B.impatient C.uncertain D.arrogant
5. A.disappear B.arrangement C.opponent D.contractual
6.My father is forever finding_____ with the way I dress.
A.error B.mistake C.blemish D.fault
7.Its my shout this time!Waitress!
A. I will shout at the waitress
B.I will pay for the meal
C.I have to call the waitress loudly
D. The waitress does not seem to hear me well
8.You are breaking up a bit.I will call you back.
167

A. I cant understand why youre breaking up so bit,so I will call back.

B. I will call back to know why you are two breakig up.
C.I will call you back because I cant hear yo clearly
D. I will call back to say goodbye
9.Although this (car) appears to (be manfactured) by different company,it has the (same) body
style,size,and (perform) as tat one.
10.(The) reason he wants to take a (leaving) of absence is that (he) needs a (complete) rest

1.Jane: Thank you for a lovely evening.
Barbara:____
A.Thanks B.Cheer! C.Have a good day D.You are welcome
P N D: dng p li li cm n mt cch lch s
2.Who was the last one___ the classroom yesterday.
A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.had left
P N A:to leave
Gin c mnh quan h
Vi nhng t nh :the first,the second,the best,the last, ta lc b i t quan h,bin i
ng t sau i t quan h v dng to V
3.He tries to____ himself with everyone by paying those compliments.
A.gratify B.please C.ingratiate D.commend
P N C:ingratiate oneself with sb by doing sth :lm va lng ai bng cch g
4. A.familiar B.impatient C.uncertain D.arrogant
P N D: trng m ri vo m tit th nht
5. A.disappear B.arrangement C.opponent D.contractual
168

P N A:trng m ri vo m tit th ba
B,C,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
6.My father is forever finding_____ with the way I dress.
A.error B.mistake C.blemish D.fault
P N D: find fault with sth:bt b,bt li
7.Its my shout this time!Waitress!
A. I will shout at the waitress
B.I will pay for the meal
C.I have to call the waitress loudly
D. The waitress does not seem to hear me well
P N B: shout:lt,phin ai mua n.
8.You are breaking up a bit.I will call you back.
A. I cant understand why youre breaking up so bit,so I will call back.
B. I will call back to know why you are two breakig up.
C.I will call you back because I cant hear you clearly
D. I will call back to say goodbye
P N C: break up a bit:chp chn v ng dy
9.Although this (car) appears to (be manfactured) by different company,it has the (same) body
style,size,and (perform) as tat one.
P N D:perform=> performance
10.(The) reason he wants to take a (leaving) of absence is that (he) needs a (complete) rest
P N B: leaving=>leave
169

TEST 10
1.The reporter______ to get his story in before the deadline.
A.as pretty B.as pretty than C.as pretty as D.prettier
2.Let the boy___ it himself before you offer to help.
A.try B.to try C.will try D.trying
3.Although they are poor,they have____ five children well.
A.brought up B.taken up C.grown up D.pulled up
4. Let me see.Will five oclock do?
_____________________
Not at all
B.Fine
C.Maybe,it will
D.Exactly!
5.I will tell Anna the news when_____ her.

A.Im seeing B.Im going to see C.I see
D.Ill see
6.British and Australian people share the same language,but in other respects,they are as
different as____
A.cats and dogs
B.chalk and cheese C.salt and peper
7. A.proviSion B.inverSion
C.exploSion D.occaSion
8. A.conServe
C.reSume
B.reSide
D.here and there
D.preServe
9.Students (suppose) to read all the (questions) carefully and (find out) the (answer) to them.
10.(Not many) people (realise) (that) sleeping pills can (make) worse insomnia.
170


1.The reporter______ to get his story in before the deadline.
A.managed B.could C.succeeded D.risked
P N A: manage to=succeed=thnh cng khi lm iu g
2.Let the boy___ it himself before you offer to help.
A.try B.to try C.will try D.trying
P N A: Let sb do sth: ai lm iu g
3.Although they are poor,they have____ five children well.
A.brought up B.taken up C.grown up D.pulled up
P N A: bring up:nui dng
4. Let me see.Will five oclock do?
_____________________
Not at all
B.Fine
C.Maybe,it will
D.Exactly!
P N B: ti xem no,5h c ch?

c thi!
5.I will tell Anna the news when_____ her.
A.Im seeing B.Im going to see C.I see
D.Ill see
P N C
6.British and Australian people share the same language,but in otherrespects,they are as
different as____
A.cats and dogs
B.chalk and cheese C.salt and peper
P N B: chalk and cheese:hon ton khc nhau

7. A.proviSion B.inverSion
C.exploSion D.occaSion
P N B
8. A.conServe
B.reSide
C.reSume
D.preServe
P N A
171
D.here and there

9.Students (suppose) to read all the (questions) carefully and (find out) the (answer) to them.
P N A: suppose=> are supposed (c giao nhim v lm g)
10.(Not many) people (realise) (that) sleeping pills can (make) worse insomnia.
P N D: make=> cause (gy ra)
TEST 11
1.A nuclear station take risk (going off) due to unexpected incidents
A.demolishing B.running C.developing D.exploding
2.The members of the orchestra has arrived an hour (prior to) the performance for a short
rehearsal.
A.after B.while C.when D.before
3.Whenever problems (come up),we discuss them frankly and find the solutions quickly.
A.clean B.encounter C.arrive D.happen
4.George wouldnt have met Mary____ to his brothers graduation party.
A.had he not gone B.hadnt he gone
C.if he has not gone D.if he shouldnt have gone
5. What was your impression of last nights movie?
____ speaking,I thought it was rather boring.
A.Very B.Really C.Honest D.Honestly
6. A.dilute B.amateur
C.aerobic D.conceive
7.A.magnificent B.miraculous C.inferior D.electronic

8.The gap between____ is on incease.
A.the riches and the poor B.the rich and the poor
C.the richer and the poorer D.the rich and poor
9.As a children grows (on),its physical health (is affected) by many (elements) in the air,water
and (food).
172

10.The threat of (being dismissed) (do not) worry me anymore (because) I have (started) my
own bussiness.

1.A nuclear station take risk (going off) due to unexpected incidents
A.demolishing B.running C.developing D.exploding
P N D: go off=explode: n (bom,sng)
2.The members of the orchestra has arrived an hour (prior to) the performance for a short
rehearsal.
A.after B.while C.when D.before
P N D: before=prior to: trc khi
3.Whenever problems (come up),we discuss them frankly and find the solutions quickly.
A.clean B.encounter C.arrive D.happen
P N D: come up=happen: xy ra
4.George wouldnt have met Mary____ to his brothers graduation party.
A.had he not gone B.hadnt he gone
C.if he has not gone D.if he shouldnt have gone
P N A: o ng vi cu iu kin loi III
Had +S+ (not) PII,S+would have +Pii
5. What was your impression of last nights movie?
____ speaking,I thought it was rather boring.
A.Very B.Really C.Honest D.Honestly
P N D: Honestly speaking:lch s m ni,tht lng m ni
6. A.dilute B.amateur
C.aerobic D.conceive
P N B: trng m ri vo m tit th nht

A,C,D trng m ri vo m tit th hai
173

7.A.magnificent
B.miraculous C.inferior D.electronic
P N D: trng m ri vo m tit th ba
8.The gap between____ is on incease.
A.the riches and the poor B.the rich and the poor
C.the richer and the poorer D.the rich and poor
P N B: the+adj=N
The rich: ngi giu
The poor: ngi ngho
9.As a children grows (on),its physical health (is affected) by many (elements) in the air,water
and (food).
P N A: on=> up
10.The threat of (being dismissed) (do not) worry me anymore (because) I have (started) my
own bussiness.
P N B: do not=> does not
The threat l ch ng s t => phi i vi does.
TEST 12
Lu : bi test gm 20 cu.10 cu u cho hc sinh n thi tt nghip.10 cu tip theo cho hc
sinh n thi i hc v cao ng.
1.If you____ John,tell him Ill phone him later.
A.saw B.see C.has seen D.were seeing
2.I asked Barbara to let me____ her car for the weekend.
A.to use B.used C.using C.use
3.She hasnt written to John____she left school.
A.before B.afte C.when D.since
174

4.Ann lives in London.She_____ there for ten years.

A.has been living B.is living C.was living D.had been living
5.You have got a scholarship;you are luckier_____
A.as I do B.than I am C.than I have D.than I do
6.By the time you (finish)____ your twelfth grade this summer,I (graduate)___ from my
university.
7.While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain.He (put) up his umbrella and (go) on watering.
8. If I were you,I didnt buy that expesive car
9.Mr.Smith (is going) to buy (a) new (Japanese) car,(doesnt) he?
10.(The) picture (was painting) by Michael (last) year.
11. The ceiling fans were on, but unfortunately they only the hot, humid air.
A. stirred up
B. cut back
C. turned into
D. poured through
12. The brother and sister were ..over who would get to inherit the beach house.
A. at large
B. at odds
C. at a standstill
D. at a loose end
13. After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their
.down for a while.
A. hair
B. heads
C. hearts
D. souls
14. Grandma says there wasnt a .of truth in that story. Granddad told last night
about being a war hero.
A. speak
B. crumb
C. dot
D. grain
15. The manager told his assistant to . the mistake immediately.

A. rectify
B. maltreat
C. sanction
D. banish
16. Good restaurants serving traditional English food are very hard to .
A. come into
B. get in
C. come by
D. go through
17. Once he decided what he wanted, he would .it with single mindedness.
A. go out of
B. go on with
C. go after
175
D. go ahead of

18. When the funds finally , they had to abandon the scheme.
A. faded away
B. clamped down
C. petered out
D. fobbed off
19. She expressed her .for certain kinds of cheaply produced movies.
A. disapproval
B. distaste
C. dissatisfaction D. disloyalty
20. People of all countries are expected to .the principles of the United Nations.
A. uphold
B. inspect
C. exaggerate
D.integrate
TEST 13
1.I ____ thirty cigarettes a day,but now I have cut down to ten.
A.am smoking B.am used to smoke C.get used to smoke D.used to smoke
2.The situation contnues to get worse and_____
A.bad B.worst C.worse D.badly
3.It does seem necessary for us___ every Monday
A.to meet B.met C.meet D.meeting
4.Please shut the gate_____ the dog wont get out.
A.in order for B,in order to C.so as to D.so that
5.I dont mind____ you with it if you cant find anyone else.
A.help B.helped C.helping D.to help
6.The Second World War_____ in 1939.
A.starts B.started C.starting D,has started
7. A.THink B.THis C.Those D.there
8. A.stoppED B.followED C.rainED D.believED
9. A.CHeck B.CHemistry C.CHange D.Cheap
176

10. A.lOve B.cOver C.cOlour D.Over

11.He will be sued for _____ of contract if he does not do what he promised.
A. fracture B. crack
C. rupture D. breach
12.You shouldnt _____ into others people private lives.
A. prowl
B. prod
C. proceed D. pry
13.Some romantic novelists _____ out books with the same old formula every year.
A. churn
B. spill
C. ladle
D. pour
14.Even the best medicines are not _____.
A. infallible
B. unfailing
C. fail-proof
D. falsified
15.The dog was a little subdued yesterday, but shes full of _____ this morning.
A. sprouts B. beans
C. chips
D. berries
16.There are a lot of crooked people in big cities. If you dont want to be cheated, youll need
to keep your _____ about you.
A. mind
B. wits
C. head
D. brain
17.Just because weve had a good year, this does not mean that we cannot do better: we must
not _____.
A. have our head in the clouds B. bury our heads in the sand
C. count our blessings D. rest on our laurels
18.Theres nothing as cozy on a cold evening as the warm _____ of a fire.
A. glare
B. sparkle C. glow
D. flame
19.She seems to be angry with the whole world. Shes got a chip _____.
A. on her shoulder B. in her bonnet C. under her hat D. between the ears
20.How do you calculate the distance to the horizon? As a _____, its 7 miles + 1 mile per 100
ft above sea level.
A. trick of the trade
B. golden rule
C. free hand D. rule of thumb
1.D
2.C (worse and worse : ngy cng ti t.Cng thc so snh: adj and adj: ngy cng.)
177

3.A: it is/seems/feels/+adj+for sb+to V

4.D: so that: vy nn.
5.C. mind+Ving
6.B (c in+mc thi gian => chia th qu kh)
7.A
8.A
9.B
10.D
11.D a breach of contract/copyright: ph v hp ng bn quyn
12.D pry into:soi mi i t ca ai
13.A churn out sth:sn xut vi s lng ln v nhanh chng
14.A infallible: lun chun xc,khng bao c sai st
15.B full of beans/life:trn tr nng lng
16.B keep/have your wits about you:lun sn sng i mt vi iu ang din ra xung quanh
mnh
17.C count sbs blessings : bit n v nhng iu tt p trn i
18.C glow
19.A get a chip on sbs shoulder :mc cm,t ti
20.D As a rule of thumbs:theo kinh nghim
TEST 14.
1.He_____ in London at the moment.
A.studies B.has studied C.is studying D.will study
2.Hele: Where do you come from?
178

Ann: _____________
A.In London B.Yes,I have just come here
C.Im living in London D.I come from London
3.Miss White sang very_______ at my birthday party last night
A.beautifully B.beautify C.beauty D.beautiful
4.Shell be a billionaire by the time she___forty.
A.is going to be B.will be C.is D.was
5.Im learning English_____ I want to get a better job.
A.or B.because C.therefore D.but
6. A.kissED B.stoppED C.laughED D.closED
7. A.mEAl B.pEAce C.plEAse D.wEAther
8. A.faTHer B.There C.THose D.Think
9.A.gIve B.rIdden C.wIden D.kItchen
10.A.Ivory B.wrIter C.fInal D.wIndow
11. A. habitable
B. infamously
C. geneticist
D. communism
12. A. palatable
B. palatal
C. palate
D. palatial
13. A. secretarial
B. sedentary
C. sedative
D. sectional
14. A. tranquil
B. transcript
C. transient
D. transitor
15. A. organism
B. orient
C. origami
D. ornament
16. With _________, its easy to see that a mistake has been made.
A. rear view
B. overlook
C. retrospect
D. hindsight
17. In August we always go to this wonderful little Greek village, miles from anywhere and
really off the beaten _________.
A. road
B. track
C. path
D. lane
18. The woman accused of shoplifting was found not guilty and was _________.
A. acquitted
B. liberated
C. excused
179
D. interned

19. Youre not supposed to park on the hard _________ except in an emergency.
A. lane
B. shoulder
C. leg
D. area
20. We can always find out what books the author consulted by referring to the _________.
A. index
B. bibliography
C. key
P N TEST 14
1.He_____ in London at the moment.
A.studies B.has studied C.is studying D.will study
P N C
2.Hele: Where do you come from?
Ann: _____________
A.In London B.Yes,I have just come here
C.Im living in London D.I come from London
P N D
3.Miss White sang very_______ at my birthday party last night
A.beautifully B.beautify C.beauty D.beautiful
P N A:trng t b tr cho ng t chnh
4.Shell be a billionaire by the time she___forty.
A.is going to be B.will be C.is D.was
P N C
5.Im learning English_____ I want to get a better job.
A.or B.because C.therefore D.but
P N B
6. A.kissED B.stoppED C.laughED D.closED
P N D
180
D. dust jacket

7. A.mEAl B.pEAce C.plEAse D.wEAther

P N D
8. A.faTHer B.There C.THose D.Think
P N D
9.A.gIve B.rIdden C.wIden D.kItchen
P N C
10.A.Ivory B.wrIter C.fInal D.wIndow
P N C
11. A. habitable
B. infamously
C. geneticist
D. communism
C. palate
D. palatial
P N B:trng m ri vo m tit th hai

A,C,D trng m ri vo m tit th nht
12. A. palatable
B. palatal
P N D: trng m ri vo m tit th hai.

A,BC trng m ri vo m tit th nht
13. A. secretarial
B. sedentary
C. sedative
D. sectional
C. transient
D. transitor
C. origami
D. ornament
P N A:trng m ri vo m tit th ba
14. A. tranquil
B. transcript
P N D:trng m ri vo m tit th hai

A,B,C trng m ri vo m tit th nh
15. A. organism
B. orient
P N C:trng m ri vo m tit th ba.

A,B,D trng m ri vo m tit th nht.
16. With _________, its easy to see that a mistake has been made.
A. rear view
B. overlook
C. retrospect
P N D:with hindsight :ng l ra
181
D. hindsight

17. In August we always go to this wonderful little Greek village, miles from anywhere and
really off the beaten _________.
A. road
B. track
C. path
D. lane
P N B: off the beaten track :xa xi

18. The woman accused of shoplifting was found not guilty and was _________.
A. acquitted
B. liberated
C. excused
D. interned
P N A:acquit:tha bng,tuyn b trng n

19. Youre not supposed to park on the hard _________ except in an emergency.
A. lane
B. shoulder
C. leg
D. area
P N B: hard shoulder: khu vc xe ch khi xe bn b hng

20. We can always find out what books the author consulted by referring to the _________.
A. index
B. bibliography
C. key
D. dust jacket
P N B:bibliography:th mc.
TEST 15
1.She has worked as a secretary _____ she graduated from college.
A.since B.while C.before D.until
2.He is learning English_____ he can study in England.
A.so as B.so as to
3.Would you mind____ me a hand with this bag.
A.give B.giving C.to give D.to giving
4.English____ in many parts of the world.
A.speaks B.was spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken
182

5.He has really worked hard so far,_____ he?

A.does B.has C.doesnt D.hasnt
6.She failed the test,_______ she studied hard.
A.despite B.as though C.although D.as
7.You will have to work hard if you want to_____
A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successfully
8.A.nAme B.flAme C.mAn D.fAme
9. A.paGE B.Game C.Go D.Gift
10.A.cleanED B.playED C.snowED D.brushED
11. There was no sound to be heard except the .. of raindrops on the roof.
A. surging
B. plunging
C. moistening
D. pattering
12. He spent ten years in the army and for most of the time he was.
A. camped
B. situated
C. placed
D. stationed
13. In spite of his poor education, he was a most speaker.

A. articulate
B. ambiguous
C. attentive
D. authoritarian
14. Could you possibly..me at the next committee meeting.

A. stand in for
B. make up for
C. fall back on
D. keep in with
15. He was deaf to everything..than what he wanted to hear.

A. apart
B. other
C. else
D. except
16. We are prepared to overlook the error on this occasion.your previous

good work.
A. in the light of
B. with a view to
C. with regard to D. thanks to
17. At that time our only hope of success.in recruiting extra help.
A. lay B. arose
C. resided
D stood
18. He pretended to be an Englishman, but his foreign accent gave him.

183

A. off B. away
C. out
D. up
19. The chairman asked members to..their voted for or against the proposal.
A. bid B. offer
C. cast
D. throw
20. A strike in the mining industry is.. to bring about a shortage of coal in the near
future.
A. causing B. resulting
C. threatening
D. proposing

1.She has worked as a secretary _____ she graduated from college.
A.since B.while C.before D.until
P N A: since: k t khi
2.He is learning English_____ he can study in England.
A.so as B.so as to C.so that D.in order to
P N C:so that: vy nn
3.Would you mind____ me a hand with this bag.
A.give B.giving C.to give D.to giving
P N B:giving: mind+Ving
4.English____ in many parts of the world.
A.speaks B.was spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken
P N D: is spoken: Ting Anh c ni hu khp ni trn th gii.
5.He has really worked hard so far,_____ he?
A.does B.has C.doesnt D.hasnt
P N D: hasnt: v v trc c tr ng t has,ta ly has l tr ng t cho mnh cu
hi ui.Mnh chnh dng khng nh=> cu hi ui dng ph nh
184

6.She failed the test,_______ she studied hard.

A.despite B.as though C.although D.as
P N C: although: mc d
7.You will have to work hard if you want to_____
A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successfully
P N B: succeed: thnh cng
Cn mt ng t sau want to=> A,C,D sai
8.A.nAme B.flAme C.mAn D.fAme
P N C
9. A.paGE B.Game C.Go D.Gift
P N A
10.A.cleanED B.playED C.snowED D.brushED
P N D
11. There was no sound to be heard except the .. of raindrops on the roof.
A. surging
B. plunging
C. moistening
D. pattering
P N D: pattering: ting lp cp,t tch

12. He spent ten years in the army and for most of the time he was.
A. camped
B. situated
C. placed
D. stationed
P N D: stationed:ng qun mt v tr.

13. In spite of his poor education, he was a most speaker.
A. articulate
B. ambiguous
C. attentive
D. authoritarian
P N A: articulate: gii thch th hin quan im r rng,xut sc

14. Could you possibly..me at the next committee meeting.
A. stand in for
B. make up for
185

C. fall back on
D. keep in with
P N A: stand in for: i din,thay mt,m nhim

15. He was deaf to everything..than what he wanted to hear.
A. apart
B. other
C. else
D. except
P N B: other than :ngoi tr

16. We are prepared to overlook the error on this occasion.your previous
good work.
A. in the light of
B. with a view to
C. with regard to D. thanks to
P N A: in the light of:sau khi xem xt iu g

17. At that time our only hope of success.in recruiting extra help.
A. lay
B. arose
C. resided
D stood
P N A: lay in: c tm kim,ch c,xut hin

Lc by gi hi vng cui cng ca chng ti l c c s gip
18. He pretended to be an Englishman, but his foreign accent gave him.
A. off
B. away
C. out
D. up
P N B: give away: l ra,tit l b mt,vch trn.

19. The chairman asked members to..their vote for or against the proposal.
A. bid
B. offer
C. cast
D. throw
P N C: cast ones vote:bnh chn,bu c

20. A strike in the mining industry is.. to bring about a shortage of coal in the near
future.
A. causing B. resulting
C. threatening
D. proposing
P N C: e da.
186

TEST 16
1.I remember_____ you about this before.
A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.to have
2.He____ to New York three times this year.
A.had been B.was C.is D.has been
3.He let the letter___ onto the floor.
A.fall B.falls C.falling D.fell
4.______ your homwork finished last night?
A.Was B.Did C.Are D.Do
5.The children,_____ parents work late,are taken home by bus.
A.that B.whom C.whose D.their
6.She doesnt understand_____ I am saying.
A.what B.that C.whose D.where
7.We have to start early_____ we wont be late.
A.so that B. that C.because D.because of
8.The place_____ we spent on holiday was really beautiful.
A.what B.who C.where D.which
9.The librarian told us not______ reference books out of the library.
A.take B.taking C.to take D.took
10.Well be late_____ we hurry.
A.unless B.when C.despite D.if
187

11.The number of homeless people after the flood______ dramatically.

A,are increasing B.has increased C.increase D.had increased
12.-Shall we go for a swim?
-__________________
A.Yes,please
B.Yes,we shall C.Yes,we will D.Yes,lets,shall we?
13.Hardly____ of the paintings at the gallery were for sale.

A.none B.few
C.some D.any
14.Does that road need______ (broad)

15.Its obligatory that the voyage_____ (cancel)
16.Were I____ (know) the truth,I would tell you about it.
17.He suggested that a petition_____ (draw) up.
18.We must take an umbrella.It______ (rain)
19.Id rather you_____ (keep) your mout_____ shut
20.Without your assistant,we______ (not be) able to complete our last project in our alloted
time.
1.I remember_____ you about this before.
A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.to have
P N C: remember+Ving: nh lm g
2.He____ to New York three times this year.
A.had been B.was C.is D.has been
P N D:
3.He let the letter___ onto the floor.
A.fall B.falls C.falling D.fell
P N A: let sb V
4.______ your homwork finished last night?
188

A.Was B.Did C.Are D.Do

P N A: cu b ng dng nghi vn
5.The children,_____ parents work late,are taken home by bus.
A.that B.whom C.whose D.their
P N C: whose+N: ch s
Bn tr,b m ca chng..
6.She doesnt understand_____ I am saying.
A.what B.that C.whose D.where
P N A: c y khng hiu ti ang ni ci g.
7.We have to start early_____ we wont be late.
A.so that B. that C.because D.because of
P N A:
8.The place_____ we spent on holiday was really beautiful.
A.what B.who C.where D.which
P N C:
9.The librarian told us not______ reference books out of the library.
A.take B.taking C.to take D.took
O N C:
10.Well be late_____ we hurry.
A.unless B.when C.despite D.if
P N A: unless:nukhng
11.The number of homeless people after the flood______ dramatically.
A,are increasing B.has increased C.increase D.had increased
P N B: has increased:
12.-Shall we go for a swim?
189

-__________________
A.Yes,please
B.Yes,we shall C.Yes,we will D.Yes,lets,shall we?
P N D: c thi,chng ta i no.nhm nhn mnh

13.Hardly____ of the paintings at the gallery were for sale.
A.none B.few
C.some D.any
P N D: hardly any: hu nh khng

14.Does that road need______ (broad)
BROADENING
15.Its obligatory that the voyage_____ (cancel)
BE CANCELLED
16.Were I____ (know) the truth,I would tell you about it.
TO KNOW
17.He suggested that a petition_____ (draw) up.
BE DRAWN UP
18.We must take an umbrella.It______ (rain)
IS GOING TO RAIN
19.Id rather you_____ (keep) your mouth_____ (shut)
KEPT/SHUT
20.Without your assistant,we______ (not be) able to complete our last project in our alloted
time.
WOULDNT HAVE BEEN
190

TEST 17
1.Her parents would be not upset if she______ harder.
A.is working B.will work C.worked D.works
2.Could you____ me how to use this new mobile phone?
A.direct
B.explain C.show D.say
3.He_____ to the last meeting,but he didnt.

A.had gone B.would go C.should have gone D.must go
4.While I______ along the road,I saw a friend of mine.
A.was cycling B.cycled C.have cycled D.had cycled
5.The woman____ son is studying at Ha Noi University of Technlogy is a teacher.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
6.Im sorry to be the one____ the news to you.
A.break B.to break C.broke D.breaks
7.Its very______ of you to help me.
A.glad B.happy C.kind D.well
8.My handbag was stolen_____ we were playing tennis.
A.during B.while C.before D.after
9.Oliver used to go fishing and_____
A.so did I B.so did me C.I did not D.so did I
10.Mary always takes great care____ her children.
A.to B.of C.for D.with
191

11.NH DU TRNG M CA CC T SAU.GCH CHN VO NHNG M C

TRNG M RI VO CHNG.
demonstrative preferential extravagant prejudice monolopy personel legitimate
horoscope impetus sabotage
12.Jane can speak two languages.One is English._______ is Vietnamese.
A.Other B.the other C.another D.others
13.BI TP TM LI SAI
13.1. (In my opinion), (our world view) is quite different from (the writers) in the (fourth)
century
13.2. (Unlike) competitive (running),(race) walkers must always keep some portion of their
feet (in contact with) the ground
13.3 The first (recorded) use of natural gas (lighting) street lamps (was) in (the) town of
Frederick New York,in 1825.
13.4 (To do) its nest,(the) yellow (headed) blackbird weaves a small cup and fastens (it) to
reeds above water.
13.5 (When seeing) me in bad health condition,(almost all) my friends (advise) me to give up
smoking and (I should) regularly do exercise.
14.Wheres Sarah?She mst be here by now.
-I dont know what_________ (happen) to her.She______ (miss) the bus.
15.But for my parents atenttion to my study in the early childhood,I______ (not pass) all the
examinations.
16.She cant bear_____ (leave) alone.
17. I would never have entered the woods so lightly ______ I was trespassing on his domain.
A. did I know
B. for all I knew
C. I had known
D. had I known
18. Id sooner you _____________ badly in the last exam.

A. didnt done
B. hadnt done
C. couldnt do
D. wouldnt have done
19. I think Candy __________ the prize if she plays this well during the competition.
A. is in for winning
B. is bound to win
192

C. may as well win
D. is set for winning
20. ................ I am aware, there were no problems during the first six months.
A. As far as
B. So much as
C. Much more than
D. Except that

1.Her parents would be not upset if she______ harder.
A.is working B.will work C.worked D.works
P N C:cu iu kin loi 2
2.Could you____ me how to use this new mobile phone?
A.direct
B.explain C.show D.say
P N C: show: ch li,hng d
3.He_____ to the last meeting,but he didnt.
A.had gone B.would go C.should have gone D.must go
P N C: ng l ra nn lm iu g trong qu kh nhng khng lm
4.While I______ along the road,I saw a friend of mine.
A.was cycling B.cycled C.have cycled D.had cycled
P N A: while+qu kh tip din,mnh sau chia qu kh n hoc qu kh tip din
5.The woman____ son is studying at Ha Noi University of Technology is a teacher.

A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
P N C: whose+N,i t quan h ch s hu.
Ngi ph n m con ca c y ang hc i hoc.
6.Im sorry to be the one____ the news to you.
193

A.break B.to break C.broke D.breaks

P N B: to break
Gin c mnh quan h khi c nhng t nh the one,the first,the second,the last,the best.
Ta chuyn ng t sau i t quan h v dng toV
7.Its very______ of you to help me.
A.glad B.happy C.kind D.well
P N C: its very kind/nice/ of sb to V:bn tht t t/tt v gip chng ti
8.My handbag was stolen_____ we were playing tennis.
A.during B.while C.before D.after
P N B
9.Oliver used to go fishing and_____
A.so did I B.so did me C.I did not D.so did I
P N A&D:
10.Mary always takes great care____ her children.
A.to B.of C.for D.with
P N B: take care of sb
11.NH DU TRNG M CA CC T SAU.GCH CHN VO NHNG M C
TRNG M RI VO CHNG.
demonstrative preferential extravagant prejudice monolopy personel legitimate
horoscope impetus sabotage
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH NHT : horoscope, impetus,sabotage,prejudice
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH HAI: demonstrative,extravagant,monlopy,legitimate.
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH BA: personnel,preferential.
12.Jane can speak two languages.One is English._______ is Vietnamese.
A.Other B.the other C.another D.others
P N B: Cc dng ca Other
194

1.ANOTHER:mt..no
Dng khi ni n mt i tng no (s t) khng xc nh
The book is boring.Give me another
(quyn sch ny chn q a ti quyn sch khc=>quyn sch no cng c,khng xc
nh)
2.OTHERS:nhng..khc
Dng cho nhng i tng (s nhiu) khng xc nh
These books are boring.Giv me others
3.THE OTHER:. Cn li
S t dng cho i tng xc nh
I have two brother.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher
4.THE OTHERS:nhngcn li
S nhiu dng cho i tng xc nh
I have four brothers.One is a doctor,the others are teachers
5.THE OTHERS= THE OTHER+ N(s nhiu)
V D: There are 5 books on the table.I dont like this book,I like the others(=I like the other
books)
*Lu : Khi ch c 2 i tng th i tng u tin dng one.i tng th hai dng the
other
I have 2 brother.One is a doctor and the other is a teacher
13.BI TP TM LI SAI
13.1. (In my opinion), (our world view) is quite different from (the writers) in the (fourth)
century
P N C: the writers=> the writers view
Quan im ca th gii hon ton khc vi quan im ca ngi vit th k th 4 (cu trc
song song,ng hnh )
195

13.2. (Unlike) competitive (running),(race) walkers must always keep some portion of their
feet (in contact with) the ground
P N B: running=>runners.
Khng ging nh ngi chy thi ,ngi i b ua.
Cu trc song song (ngi-ngi)
13.3 The first (recorded) use of natural gas (lighting) street lamps (was) in (the) town of
Frederick New York,in 1825.
P N B: lighting=> to light
Gin c mnh quan h.
13.4 (To do) its nest,(the) yellow (headed) blackbird weaves a small cup and fastens (it) to
reeds above water.
P N A: to do=> to make
13.5 (When seeing) me in bad health condition,(almost all) my friends (advise) me to give up
smoking and (I should) regularly do exercise.
P N D: b I should (cu trc song song)
14.Wheres Sarah?She must be here by now.
-I dont know what_________ (happen) to her.She______ (miss) the bus.
P N : happened/must have missed
15.But for my parents atenttion to my study in the early childhood,I______ (not pass) all the
examinations.
P N : would not have passed
16.She cant bear_____ (leave) alone.
P N: being left
17. I would never have entered the woods so lightly ______ I was trespassing on his domain.
A. did I know
B. for all I knew
C. I had known
D. had I known
P N D: o ng cu k loi 3
18. Id sooner you _____________ badly in the last exam.
196

A. didnt done
B. hadnt done
C. couldnt do
D. wouldnt have done
P N B:
Would sooner/rather sb had Pii
19. I think Candy __________ the prize if she plays this well during the competition.
A. is in for winning
B. is bound to win
C. may as well win
D. is set for winning
P N B : be bound to V:chc chn lm g

20. ................ I am aware, there were no problems during the first six months.
A. As far as
B. So much as
C. Much more than
D. Except that
P N A: AS FAR AS I AM AWARE: THEO NHNG G TI NHN THY
TEST 18
1.Have you decided to apply_____ the job yet?
A.for B.to C.into D.off
2.She wanted to know the reason_______ I was late.
A.as B.for C.why D.because
3.Gold,as well as my silver,_____ in price.
A.have risen B.has risen C.rise D.are rising
4.We are_____ of the long journey.
A.tire B.tiring C.tired D.to tire
5.Sara speaks so_____ that I cant understand her.
A.fast B.fastly C.faster D.fastest
6.Dien Bien Phu is the place____ our army won a resoundng victory in1954.
197

A.where B.that C.what D.which

7.I regret_____ you that your application has been denied.
A.inform B.to have informed C.to inform D.informing
8.Neither you nor I_____ responsible for the bad result.
A.are B.be C.am D.is
9..If I had time,I______ to the beach with you this weekend.
A.will go B.will ave gone C.would have gone D.would go
10.Jack insisted that he didnt need any help,______ I helped him anyway.
A.difficulties B.difficult C.difficulty D.difficultly
11. Let me ______ over the matter and give you my decision in a few days.
A. bite
B. munch
C. chew
D. gnaw
12. The twin sisters are as alike as two ______ in a pod. Few can tell them apart.
A. nuts
B. peas
C. leaves
D. flowers
13. His promise is as good as ______. We can rely on him.

A. gold
B. gem
C. diamond
D. jewel
14. What she said was really ______ for thought. It taught us to be more considerate.
A. drink
B. food
C. nourishment
D. fodder
15. My brother finally threw in the ______ and admitted defeat.

A. apkin
B. flag
C. coin
D. towel
16. My company has just spent two million dollars, ______ an world famous artist to paint a
huge mural for the main entrance foyer.
A. asking
B. ordering
C. consulting
D. commissioning
17.TM LI SAI V SA
17.1 (The number) of (time) he spends (gardening) (is increasing) everyday.
17.2 (The) suits were (hanged) in the close (when) they (were returned) from the cleaners.
17.3 (A vast quanity) of radioactive (material) (is) made when a hydrogen bom (explode)
198

17.4 Commercial letters of credit (are) often used to (financing) (export) trade,but they have
(other uses)
17.5 It would be (both) noticed and (appreciating) if you could finish (the work) before you
(leave )
18.NH DU TRNG M CC T SAU:
Interviewee gramatically trigonometry fraternal hello communism thermometer
inalienable wholesaler liberator
CU 19+20: CHIA DNG NG CA NG T TRONG NGOC
19. I dont mind you______ (borrow) my things.But Id sooner you______(ask) then.
20.It is important that he_____ (try) to get some sleep.

1.Have you decided to apply_____ the job yet?
A.for B.to C.into D.off
P N A: apply for: np n xin vic
2.She wanted to know the reason_______ I was late.
A.as B.for C.why D.because
P N C: the reasone why: l do ti sao
3.Gold,as well as my silver,_____ in price.
A.have risen B.has risen C.rise D.are rising
P N B: cu trc S1,as well as S2
Ta chia ng t theo ngi ca ch ng th nht (S1)
4.We are_____ of the long journey.
A.tire B.tiring C.tired D.to tire
P N C: be tired of: mt mi v
5.Sara speaks so_____ that I cant understand her.
199

A.fast B.fastly C.faster D.fastest

P N A: trng t fast b ngha cho ng t speak
6.Dien Bien Phu is the place____ our army won a resoundng victory in1954.
A.where B.that C.what D.which
P N A: i t quan h ch ni chn (Dien Bien Phu)
7.I regret_____ you that your application has been denied.
A.inform B.to have informed C.to inform D.informing
P N C: regret to V:hi tic phi lm g
8.Neither you nor I_____ responsible for the bad result.
A.are B.be C.am D.is
P N C: neither+S1+nor+S2 => chia theo ch ng S2.
9..If I had time,I______ to the beach with you this weekend.
A.will go B.will ave gone C.would have gone D.would go
P N D: cu iu kin loai II
10.Jack insisted that he didnt need any help,______ I helped him anyway.
A.but B.besides C.however D.so
P N A
11. Let me ______ over the matter and give you my decision in a few days.
A. bite
B. munch
C. chew
D. gnaw
P N C: Chew over stg: suy xt vn g k lng

12. The twin sisters are as alike as two ______ in a pod. Few can tell them apart.
A. nuts
B. peas
C. leaves
P N B: as alike as two peas: ging nhau nh c

13. His promise is as good as ______. We can rely on him.
200
D. flowers

A. gold
B. gem
C. diamond
D. jewel
P N A: as good as gold: tt,c th tin c

14. What she said was really ______ for thought. It taught us to be more considerate.
A. drink
B. food
C. nourishment
D. fodder
P N A: ng suy ngh
15. My brother finally threw in the ______ and admitted defeat.
A. apkin
B. flag
C. coin
D. towel
P N D: throw in the towel: tha nhn mnh thua cuc

16. My company has just spent two million dollars, ______ an world famous artist to paint a
huge mural for the main entrance foyer.
A. asking
B. ordering
C. consulting
D. commissioning
P N D:
17.TM LI SAI V SA
17.1 (The number) of (time) he spends (gardening) (is increasing) everyday.
P N A: the number=> the amount
V the number+ danh t s nhiu=> sai
17.2 (The) suits were (hanged) in the close (when) they (were returned) from the cleaners.
P N B: hanged=> hung
17.3 (A vast quanity) of radioactive (material) (is) made when a hydrogen bom (explode)
P N D: explode=>explodes
17.4 Commercial letters of credit (are) often used to (financing) (export) trade,but they have
(other uses)
P N B: financing=> finance
17.5 It would be (both) noticed and (appreciating) if you could finish (the work) before you
(leave )
P N B: appreciating=> appreciated
201

18.NH DU TRNG M CC T SAU:

Interviewee gramatically trigonometry fraternal hello communism thermometer
inalienable wholesaler liberator
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH NHT: communism,wholesaler,liberator.
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH HAI:
grammatically,fraternal,hello,thermometer,inalienable
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH BA: trigonometry
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH T: interviewee
CU 19+20: CHIA DNG NG CA NG T TRONG NGOC
19. I dont mind you______ (borrow) my things.But Id sooner you______(ask) then.
P N: borrowing/had asked
20.It is important that he_____ (try) to get some sleep.
P N : try.
TEST 19
1.Yesterday was the day______ they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary.
A.when B.then C.what D.which
2.If I____ ten years younger,I would do yoga every day.
A.are B.am C.have been D.were
3.Many Vietnamese people are fond____ watcing football.
A.of B.about C.with D.in
4.We are not used_____ on the left.
A.to drive B.to driving C.driving D.to be driven
5.French_____ in Quebe,Canada.
A.has spoken B.is spoken C.is speaking D.speaks
202

6.This house,_____ he bought in 1990 is being repaired at the moment.

A.that B.which C.who D.what
7.Thank you for_____ me
A.invite B.invited C.to invite D.inviting
8.We agreed______ Mr Wilson was a good teacher.
A.what B.which C.if D.that
9.The house caught fire while they______
A.are sleeping B.have slept C.sleep D.were sleeping
10.Dont read that book.Its_____
A.bore B.boredom C.boring D.bored
11._________,he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain.
A.Howervr tired B.Tired as he might feel
C.As he might feel tired D.He felt very tired though
12.You have cut the material in the wrong place.It ought______ just here but it wasnt.
A.to have been cut B.to be cut C.to have cut D.to cut
13.Jack:This medicine tastes terrible!~ Jill:______,it will cure your cough.
A.Be that as it may B.Come what may
C.How much terrible is it D.Waterver it tastes
14. I cant help thinking he offered his apology with a _______of irony.
A. touch
B. spot
C. torrent
D. dash
15. Because of the nature of the pain, nobody seemed to be able to put their _______on the
cause.
A. finger
B. mark
C. word
16. She resigned________. No one forced her to do so.

A. for her own sake
B. of her own accord
C. with a will
D.on purpose
203
D. name

17. ______ further rioting to occur, the government would be forced to use its emergency
powers.
A. Should
B. Did
C. Were
D. Had
18. TM LI SAI V SA.

18.1 (Providing) relief after thedisaster necessiated the mobilization of vast (amounts) of
food,(medical supply),and (people).
18.2 Excavation in several mounds and villages (on the east bank) of the Euphrates River
(have revealed) the city of Nebuchadnezzar,an ancient community that (had been laying)
under (later) reconstructions of the city of Babylon
18.3 Assessment instruments in nursery schools (they feature) items and (other materials)
different (from those) on elementary (school tests).
18.4 Migrant (workers live) in (substandard) (unsanitary),and dilapidated housing and often
are (lacking) medical care
18.5 For thousands of years, (man) has created (sweet-smelling) substances from wood,herbs
and flowers and (using them) for perfume (or) medicine.
19.NH DU TRNG M CC T SAU
photographer ancestor documentary improvement
prenium abyss prosecute sympathetically necessary employee
20.CHIA DNG NG CA NG T TRONG NGOC.
20.1 A new model computer______ (design) and suppose_____ (invade) foreign markets at
the present.
20.2 She doesnt allow________( read) her diary but yesterday she found her mother_____
(read); she couldnt but____ (ignore) the incident.
20.3 A lot of information we need________ (store) in a minute chip in the computer.
20.4 The car broke down.But for that we___________ (be) in time
20.5 If there arent any tickets left when we reach the front of the queue,we_______ (wait) all
the time for nothing.
204


1.Yesterday was the day______ they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary.
A.when B.then C.what D.which
P N A: when: i t quan h ch v thi gian, khi no.
2.If I____ ten years younger,I would do yoga every day.
A.are B.am C.have been D.were
P N D: cu iu kin loi 2 (khng c tht hin ti)
3.Many Vietnamese people are fond____ watcing football.
A.of B.about C.with D.in
P N A: be fond of: yu thch,hng t
4.We are not used_____ on the left.
A.to drive B.to driving C.driving D.to be driven
P N B: be/get used to Ving:quen vi ci g .
5.French_____ in Quebe,Canada.
A.has spoken B.is spoken C.is speaking D.speaks
P N B: cu mang tnh b ng
6.This house,_____ he bought in 1990 is being repaired at the moment.
A.that B.which C.who D.what
P N B: which: i t quan h thay th cho vt.
7.Thank you for_____ me
A.invite B.invited C.to invite D.inviting
P N D: sau gii t l 1 ng t Ving hoc mt danh t
205

8.We agreed______ Mr Wilson was a good teacher.

A.what B.which C.if D.that
P N D: agree that S+V: ng rng.
9.The house caught fire while they______
A.are sleeping B.have slept C.sleep D.were sleeping
P N D: 1 hnh ng ang din ra trong qu kh
10.Dont read that book.Its_____
A.bore B.boredom C.boring D.bored
P N C:
11._________,he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain.
A.Howervr tired B.Tired as he might feel
C.As he might feel tired D.He felt very tired though
P N B: adj+as+S+V: mc d
12.You have cut the material in the wrong place.It ought______ just here but it wasnt.
A.to have been cut B.to be cut C.to have cut D.to cut
P N A: ng l ra nn lm trong qu kh
13.Jack:This medicine tastes terrible!~ Jill:______,it will cure your cough.
A.Be that as it may B.Come what may
C.How much terrible is it D.Waterver it tastes
P N A: be that as it may: d g i chng na
14. I cant help thinking he offered his apology with a _______of irony.
A. touch
B. spot
C. torrent
D. dash
P N A: touch of irony: mt cht ma mai

15. Because of the nature of the pain, nobody seemed to be able to put their _______on the
cause.
A. finger
B. mark
C. word
206
D. name

P N A: not put your finger on sth : khng th xc nh ng sai.

16. She resigned________. No one forced her to do so.
A. for her own sake
B. of her own accord
C. with a will
D.on purpose
P N B: of your own accord:t nguyn,khng ai bt p

17______ further rioting to occur, the government would be forced to use its emergency
powers.
A. Should
B. Did
C. Were
D. Had
P N C.
18. TM LI SAI V SA.
18.1 (Providing) relief after thedisaster necessiated the mobilization of vast (amounts) of
food,(medical supply),and (people).
P N C: medical supply=> medical supplies
18.2 Excavation in several mounds and villages (on the east bank) of the Euphrates River
(have revealed) the city of Nebuchadnezzar,an ancient community that (had been laying)
under (later) reconstructions of the city of Babylon
P N C: had been laying=>had been laid
18.3 Assessment instruments in nursery schools (they feature) items and (other materials)
different (from those) on elementary (school tests).
P N A: they feature=> feature (b they)
18.4 Migrant (workers live) in (substandard) (unsanitary),and dilapidated housing and often
(are lacking) medical care
P N D: are lacking=> lack
18.5 For thousands of years, (man) has created (sweet-smelling) substances from wood,herbs
and flowers and (using them) for perfume (or) medicine.
P N C: using them=> used them
19.NH DU TRNG M CC T SAU
photographer ancestor documentary improvement
207

premium abyss prosecute sympathetically necessary employee

TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH NHT:ancestor,premium,prosecute,necessary
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH HAI: photographer,employee,abyss,improvement.
TRNG M RI VO M TIT TH BA:sympathetically
20.CHIA DNG NG CA NG T TRONG NGOC.
20.1 A new model computer______ (design) and suppose_____ (invade) foreign markets at
the present.
P N: has been designed/to be invading
20.2 She doesnt allow________( read) her diary but yesterday she found her mother_____
(read); she couldnt but____ (ignore) the incident.
P N : reading/reading/ignore
20.3 A lot of information we need________ (store) in a minute chip in the computer.
P N : is stored
20.4 The car broke down.But for that we___________ (be) in time
P N : would/could have been
20.5 If there arent any tickets left when we reach the front of the queue,we_______ (wait) all
the time for nothing.
P N : will have been waiting.
TEST 20.
1.It is widely believed that. human beings are descended from one common ancestor.
A. All
B. every
C. every of
2.Today. seems more expensive than usual.

A. almost everything
C. most of everything
B. almost of everythings
D. almost everythings
3. Why dont you buy bananas when they are much. apples.
208
D. even.

A. less expensive than
B. most expensive than
C. expensive than
D. lesser expensive than.
4. The more you talk about the matter ,.

A. the worse the situation seems
B. the situation seems worse
C. the worse seems the situation
D. the situation seems the worse.
5. Only during the early twentieth century in the United States.

A. was liquor prohibited
B. liquor was prohibited then
C. When liquor was prohibited
D. that liquor was prohibited.
6. Did you study last night?

No, but if I.. , I would have done better on todays test.
A. Had
B. had done
C. have
D. will study.
7. Those ceramic vases are interesting. We saw. at the art fair.

A. them made
B. make them
C. they made
D. making them.
8. Remember to go. your test paper to check for grammar and spelling mistakes.
A. over
B. on
C. off
D. into.
9. Venice , was built on water, is a city in Italy.

A. which
B. where
C. that
D. who.
10. In recent years, more and more people for things with credit cards.
A. have been paying
B. Pay
C. paid
D. are paying.
11. I cant do whatever I want because I am still financially on my parents.

A. reliant
B. dependable
C. determined
D. subject.
12. Mr Thornton was obliged to pay damages to his neighbours in. for the devastations his
pet dogs made in their gardens.
A. compensation B. reparation
C. reward
D. penalty.
13. Cant we just order a nice bit of cod?

Dont be ridiculous! We all this way to eat fish and chips.
209

A. havent come
B. arent coming C. havent been coming D. hadnt come.
14. It was to mark that hed better withdraw from the game in case his knee injury got
worse.
A. recommended B. argumented
C. insisted
D. appealed.
15. Mary has difficulty in fitting in.

Well, I guess she to this type of work.
A. isnt used
B. didnt use
C. hasnt been used
D. doesnt get used.
16. The inarticulate information us into thinking that it was a half-price flight to Chicago.
A. misled
B. misconducted
C. misfired
D. misinformed.
17. Franklie has always been held in high among his workmates because of his exceptional
skill at handling the most difficult tasks.
A. esteem
B. admiration
C. prestige
D. respect.
18. In order to. our high standards we have to be very strict on quality control.
A. maintain
B. hold
C. preserve
D. carry on.
19. Shes got exams at the moment and that shes working very long hours.
A. on top of
B. more than that
C. what is more
D. besides
20. Lucy found the missing dog. She was given $100 as a.
A. reward
B. profit
C. benefit
D. bonus.
21. Im afraid I cant come with you.

..
A. What a shame! B. What a pity
C. Patience
D. thats shame.
22. Who did you invite to our party?

No one. than Mike and his wife.
A. other
B. besides
C. except
23. Peters grandfather has just passed away.

210
D. rather.

-
A. Im sorry to hear that B. I apologise
C. how terrific
D. its amazing.
24. Do you have the time?

- .
A. Sorry, I left my watch at home
C. yes, I do
B. yes, please
D. How can I help you?
25. Were from London

- ..
A. How interesting
B. I dont know
C. Not at all
P N TEST 20: tt c cc cu l A
211
D. yes, please.

BI TP VIT LI CU (C P N)
A.Mi quan h gia ago-since-for v th qu kh n v th hin ti hon thnh.
1.We havent been to a concert for over a year.
-The last time
2.Your birthday party was the last time I really enjoyed myself.
-I.
3.Its nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother.
-My father
4.Tom went to Scotland last Friday and is still there.
-Tom has.
5.When did you last ride a bike?
-How long is it?
6.The last time I went swimming was when I was in France.
-I havent..
7.You havent tided up this room for weeks.
-Its.
8.He was last in touch with me three weeks ago.
- He hasnt..
9.Mr John hasnt visited France since 1990.
-Mr John last..
10.It last rained three weeks ago.
-Its..
11.I havent eaten this kind of food before.
This is the first..
212

B.Mnh wish.
12.What a pity you failed your driving test!
-I wish
13.Its a pity that youre going away so soon.
-I wish
14.Im sorry I didnt phone him yesterday.
-I wish..
C.Mnh so snh.
15.She knows a lot more about it than I do.
-I dont know..
16.Jane is a better cook than Betty.
-Betty cant..
17.Tom is younger than he looks.
-Tom isnt..
18.I didnt spend as much money as my friend did.
-My friend..
19.He doesnt know them as well as I do.
-I know..
20.Its still cold but it was colder yesterday.
-Its isnt
D.Mnh ch nguyn nhn v kt qu.
21.The children couldnt go swimming because the sea was very rough.
-The sea was too
22.We didnt have enough money,so we didnt go on holiday.
-If we
213

23.We got lost because we didnt have a map.

-If we..
24.The bridge was so low that the bus couldnt go under it.
-It was..
25.It was so late that nothing could be done.
-It was too.
26.He couldnt afford to buy a car.
-The car..
27.That restaurant is so dirty that noone wants to eat there.
-It is such.
28.The tast was too difficult for the pupils to do.
-The test
29.Phone now or you will be late.
-You will..
E. Mt s mu cu khc.
30.I advise you to put your money in a bank.
-Youd .
31.Why dont you meet to discuss the price?
-I suggest
32.I would prefer you to deliver the package on Monday.
-Id rather
P N
A.1I went to a concert was over a year ago.
2havent really enjoyed myself since your birthday party.
214

3.hasnt seen his brother for nearly 20 years.

4.been in Scotland since last Friday.
gone to Scotland since last Friday.
5.. since you rode a bike?
6been swimming since I was in France./
..gone swimming since I was in France.
7.weeks since you tided up this room.
8. Been in touch with her for three weeks.
9.visited France in 1990.
10three weeks since it rained.
11.time I have eaten this kind of food.
B.12.you had passed/ hadnt failed your driving test.
13.you werent going away so soon.
14..I had phoned him yesterday.
15..as much about it as she does.
16.cook as well as Jane.
17..as old as he looks.
18.spent more money than I did.
19.them better than he does.
20.as cold today as it was yesterday.
D.21rough for the children to go swimming.
22.had had enough money, we could have gone on a holiday.
23had had a map, we couldnt have got lost.
24such a low bridge that the bus couldnt go under it.
25. late for anything to be done./
215

..late to do anything.
26.was too expensive for him./
cost more than he could afford.
27.a dirty restaurant that noone wants to eat there.
28.was so difficult that the pupils couldnt do it.
29.be late if you dont phone now.
E.30..better put your money in a bank.
31.that you should have a meeting./
.that you should meet to discuss the price./
.meeting to discuss the price.
32..you delivered the package on Monday.
216

CHUYN 6
CC BI LUN MU TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016
(Su tm)
1. In about 140 words, write about possible measures that should be taken to protect
our natural environment.
Nowadays, some species are in danger of extinction and I think we should join hands to
protect them. Firstly, I think we shouldn't use herbicides and pesticides because they are in
fact hazardous pollutants that have bad effects on wildlife. Some animals can be harmed if
they eat these pollutants. Secondly, I suppose the government should introduce laws to
prohibit the killing of endangered animals and the destruction of the environment where the
endangered species live. Thirdly, we should tell our friends, relatives or families not to
purchase products made from body parts of endangered species. We should avoid supporting
the market in illegal wildlife including: tortoise shell, ivory (ng voi), coral, ect. Finally, we
should protect wildlife habitat because the greatest threat that faces many species is the
widespread destruction of habitat. All in all, endangered species should be protected so that
the Earth will be a happy planet for us to live on.
2. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the person who has great influence on
your life.
The person who has great influence on my life is my mother. She is 42 years old. She is not
beautiful but she is a wonderful woman after all. My mother has an oval face with big black
yes and full lips. She has long black hair, a slim build and a fair complexion (nc da trng)
but the thing I admire most is her character. She is always kind to all of us. She never gets
angry with anyone. She is a simple person so she does not like wearing expensive clothes or
jewels. Also, she is a busy woman. She works from the early morning till the evening in the
market to sell clothes. Furthermore, she has to get up early everyday to prepare breakfast for
the family. I love my mother very much. I will try to study hard to please her. I wish she
would live with me forever.
217

3. In about 140 words, write about the changes that information technology brings to
your life.
Over the last two decades, information technology has been responsible for creating amazing
resources which put all the information we need right at our fingertips and has dramatically
changed our day-to-day lives. The first change is that information technology has killed the
greeting cards because we are now using an e-card or email to greet others. The next change I
want to mention is that teenagers now tend to use the internet to prepare an online dating with
strangers they have never met yet. The way of sharing information is also changed. Social
network like internet or Smartphone now allow us to share information anytime and
anywhere. Then information technology also change the way we relax. These days, people
often spend their free time watching TV, connecting Facebook or playing video games . More
importantly, the way we communicate with others is also changed a lot. Smartphone and
Internet have replaced the traditional chats with others. All in all, information technology has
been changing our lives in many ways and I think we should use it with caution.
4. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the most memorable experience in
your life.
The most memorable experience in my life happened three years ago but now I could recall
this event very clearly. On the final day of my 9-grade years at secondary school, my father
gave me VND 200 for the good grades I had scored in my final exam. To enjoy it, I invited
some of my closest friends to a restaurant for a meal. At the restaurant, I asked my friends to
order as much as they liked. The food was delicious and we began to eat. We ate, talked and
laughed at the jokes we made in school. After we had finished our food, the waiter brought us
the bill. I opened my purse to take out the money. To my surprise, I found my money missing.
Only then I realized that I had left the money at home. I wanted to borrow the money from my
friends, but they had brought only enough money for bus fare. I told the waiter and he lent me
his phone to call my sister and told her to bring the money to the restaurant. Ever since that
day I have stopped coming near that restaurant because I am afraid that some of the waiters
might recognize my face.
218

5. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the advantages and disadvantages of
computer
Computer plays an important part in our life. However, while bringing certain advantages, this
high-tech device has its own limitations. First of all, computer is a useful tool and an
intelligent device in every aspect of life. Whats more, new constructive materials, new robots,
and new fuels are all made with the help of information technology. That is to say computer
has made our life become modern, more convenient and civilized. However, a computer also
has its own disadvantages because the users take its advantage for negative purposes. Some
people use computers to do nothing but playing games, chitchat, spam, create dirty
information on the Net. In addition, sitting in front of the screen for long hours can lead to
obesity, backache, and short-sightedness. Besides, people paying too much attention to online
activities may become passive in real life because of their lacks of communication. In short,
everything has its two sides, so does computer. Therefore, it is necessary that we use it for
right purposes.
6. Why do people learn English? Write a paragraph about 150 words
English is an international language which plays an important part in many field of our society
and all of us have to learn English for some reasons. The first reason is that English is one of
the major subjects which are taught at schools and universities. If you want to get high grades
and pass the exams, there is no way but learning English. The second and the main reason is to
get a high paying job. We all know that English is required in many jobs concerning
languages. As it is an international language native and second language so it is easy for you
to communicate with foreigners if you know English. In brief, people learn English because it
is a useful tool in many important fields and one of the main keys to succeed in modern
society.
7. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the benefits of exercise.

Health is considered to be the most valuable thing we have and the most effective way to
better ones health is doing regular exercise. One advantage of doing exercise is to reduce
stress. People who exercise are likely to feel more relaxed and healthier. Doing regular
exercise helps the body produce happy chemicals that make the exercisers reduce the worries.
Another benefit exercising brings us is that we will feel more energetic to overcome our daily
219

difficulties. Doing exercise also helps us reduce the possibilities of being ill, protects us from
some fatal diseases as heart disease, cancers and diabetes. Controlling our weight is another
value. Fats are burnt during our practicing exercise, which helps us to keep fit. To sum up,
doing exercise enables people to have good body-buildings, keep fit and bring exercisers
many benefits to have a longer, healthier and happier life.
8. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the sport that you often play in your
free time after school and give some reasons why you like it.
My favorite sport is football and I often play it in my free time after school or on every
Sunday afternoon. Because it is my favorite, I can tell something special about football. In
America, people called it soccer but I like to call it football. I liked playing football when I
was ten years old and it has become my favorite since then. I often play footballs with my
brother after school or on every Sunday afternoon. The first reason why I like playing football
is that it is an easy sport to play just with a right ball. Not only men but also women can play
it. And the second reason is to be healthy and happier. Practicing sports especially football can
help relax and be energetic so we will feel more healthy and cheerful. The last reason is that
football is an attractive sport included in the World Cup taking place every four years. I dream
of being a famous footballer playing in the international match someday. To sum up, football
is an easy and useful sport for me and all of you to take up so I like it very much.
9. In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the kind of job you would like to do
after you finish your education
I really love teaching children and I would like to become a teacher in the future. The first
reason is that both my father and my mother are teachers. They are my good examples of
being a teacher. Most of my siblings become teachers too. The second reason is that I love
children and I would like to teach them how to read, how to write. I would like to input my
knowledge into students mind. The third reason is that teaching is a noble career which is
highly respected in our society. A teacher is the one who helps to produce the future masters
of the country. He is really regarded as a mind engineer. In order to become a good teacher,
I must have good knowledge, basic qualifications of a typical teacher such as patience,
honesty, kindness and a deep love for children. I will try my best to pass the National
Examination to let my dream come true.
220

10. topic: Having a successful career does not necessarily mean making a lot of money
"Many people think that a successful career is a job making a lot of money but I strongly
disagree with this idea. First of all, In know some people who are very successful in their
careers don't have a lot of money but they know what they are good at and get to show their
talents in what they do. Besides, people having successful careers will show their passion
when working. It means that they have motivation to work every day. What's more, a
successful career also has its own true value which is very important to everyone. For
instance, a volunteer to finance a charity campaign is considered to have a successful career
although he doesn't get a high salary. To conclude, a successful career is not necessarily
defined as a high-paying job but it depends on the way we think about it.
11) Write about the following topic:

Some universities require students to take the entrance examination with the English subject.
Other universities do not. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.
In my opinion, it is better if universities in VN require students to take the entrance

examination with the English subject because E is an international language which is very
useful in many fields. First of all, university students are the ones who have many good
opportunities to get good jobs which often enquire E knowledge. E is the main language used
in business, international contracts, and so on. Therefore, knowing E is the key to success of
many students in the future. What's more, there are over 700 million people speak E as their
native or second language so students have to know E to communicate with foreigners to
overcome all communication barrier and get success. Additionally, knowing E gives students
chances to get access to knowledge like the Internet because the incredible amount of
information on the Internet is in E. And searching Internet is a major skill for students to
enrich their knowledge. To summarize, it is necessary for universities to require E as a major
subject in the entrance examination due to the reasons i have mentioned
12) Write a paragraph to discuss about the idea Should Facebook be banned?
No matter how popular Facebook is with its users worldwide, I strongly believe it should be
banned. The first reason to support this ban is Facebook has many negative impacts on the
221

study of a lot of students. Many pupils use Facebook in class. It will distract their attention
from more important things that teachers give them. This is the main reason why students
nowadays usually get bad grades in tests. The second reason is that Facebook is very
addictive. Some people check Facebook all the time without working, exercising, playing
sports, ect. They even do not talk to their friends although they are very close. Consequently,
they lose both health and many relations. Finally, using Facebook regularly will make you
inactive. When you go with a group of friends, they will feel extremely exhausted as you
always look at your phone to check Facebook. You will be lazy of joining in activities, and the
result is you will become introverted. Without a doubt, Facebook should be banned, for it has
more useless thing than useful thing.
13)
Write a paragraph to express you wish to work for an international organization, giving
the reasons why you choose the organization.
Since I was a little girl, I have harboured the dream to work for the World Health Organization
(WHO) for a number of reasons as following. First, working for the World Health
Organization (WHO) gives me opportunities to live abroad, to use English at work, and to
have high salary. I am an active and dynamic person so I think it will be an interesting life to
have chance to travel far and wide to meet different people of different personalities and
nationalities. Second, I will be able to further my biology knowledge by doing numerous
medical researchers. I can also understand more about life mechanism, the reactions of the
bodies to the changes of the surroundings. Working for the World Health Organization
(WHO) will offer me occasions to meet, to have talks with well-known people worldwide. To
conclude, working as an official of the World Health Organization (WHO) helps me to be
more aware of the value of life so I will try my best to have my dream come true some day in
the future.
14) In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the advantages of using public
transportation
......As we see, The public transportation brings us a number of benefits in term of individual
as well as society. First of all, That many people travel by public vehicles helps reduce the
environment pollution. That's because the amount of fuel ( which turns into exhaust after that)
used to carry the number of people in a bus is less than that of many individual vehicles .
Moreover, Traffic jam will no longer be our long- lasting obsession if most everybody chooses
222

public vehicles as daily means of transportation. Congestion only turns up when so many
people's own cars, motorbikes spread out every corner of streets. Last but not least, We can
save money by using buses to travel or electric trains to commute .The tickets of public
transportation are often cheap because it serves the big number of customers. As these above
advantages of public transportation, I strongly suggest that we should use public transportation
as main means of transportation.
15) Do you agree with the idea that marriage should be based on love or not and why?
(write a paragraph about 140 words).
Nowadays, almost all of people experience love and then reach marriage. However, I partly
agree with the idea that marriage should be based on love because only love is not enough.
Here the following reasons are. First, there is no denial that love makes people happy in life
and helps them overcome severe difficulties and build a warm family. It is love that joins a
man and a woman together. When these above supposed things become true, I call it true love,
in other words, forgiveness and sacrifice contribute to true love. Moreover, future homes
finance also affects the family happiness. For example, your child cant study at school
without money, you even have no wonderful moment when both of wife and husband "s
inconsistency related to money turns up and so on. In conclusion, marriage should be built on
love and serious attitude of two sides who accept specific characters each other and fulfill the
gaps spouses.
16) In about 140 words, write a paragraph about your hobby
Of all the interesting free time activities as well as entertainments; I like reading book most
because it brings to me many good aspects. First and foremost, reading book not only helps
widen my knowledge but also makes me love my life more. As you know reference books
provide us with a lot of information of every field of our life. Besides, novels, stories which
contain many romantic and touching plots controlling my feeling a great deal. I often feel
relaxed and love my life after read a romantic story book. Moreover, enjoying books regularly
gives me a good habit as I am more and more patient. Especially, my ability to express words
fluently is better and better. Therefore, I will be confident of communicating with others.
In short, reading books is my main hobby and I will make best use of its advantages to have a
happy lifestyle.
223

17) In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the kind of book you like best
I am usually in habit of reading books. Addition to books that offer me much useful
information, I also like comic book. I am in fond of it for some following reasons. To begin
with, Comic books bring me a great deal of relaxation. One of them is Doremon story, which
tells many funny short stories about 2 main characters, Doremon and Nobita, Who are close
friends. The author of that comic creates so many amusing situations among characters that I
cant help laughing. Its actually a hard-to-put-down book. It attracts not only children but also
adults as me. Another good point of it I want to mention about is creative imagination. I mean
children need to have imaginative mindset, which helps them be more active in life. By and
large, comic book is worth reading after hard work. It is nice for everyone.
18)
Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are
some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Write a paragraph about 140 to
express your idea.
While living away from home in an apartment for a flat to study at a university, you have to
learn how to be a good roommate to live with other students. Firstly, you should know how to
respect people and your roommates, respect their religions and cultures. Do not laugh at ethnic
people or racism. Besides, you have to respect your roommates' privacy because everyone has
rights to have their secrets. So, you mustnt read your mates messages or letters if you arent
permitted. In addition, you should take your duty and responsibility. In general, you should
help to cleaning, put litter bags to dust heap, put things back after you used. Furthermore, you
should try to share your ideas, experience of study and life, your happiness etc. And you listen
to your mates experience as well. All in all, as long as you enjoy your dormitory life, get well
with your friends, and then you should be a good roommate. Whatever what you experiences,
those of them will be a beautiful memorial of your rest of life.
19) Write a paragraph to introduce a beauty spot in Viet Nam.

Coming to Vietnam, foreign visitors cant forget the ancient town of Hoi An, 30 km south of
Da Nang, lying on the banks of the Thu Bon River. Occupied by early western traders, Hoi An
was one of the major trading centers of Southeast Asia in the 16th century. Hoi An has a
224

distinct Chinese atmosphere with low, tile-roofed houses and narrow streets; the original
structure of some of these streets still remains almost intact. All the houses were made of rare
wood, decorated with lacquered boards and panels engraved with Chinese characters. Pillars
were also carved with ornamental designs. There is no shortage of bacon in town, but cao lu
is the dish that one simply cannot miss. Prices and service are rightfully on par with the latest
venues in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh. People are very friendly in Hoi An. Over
the last few years, Hoi An has become a very popular tourist destination in Vietnam.
20) Students should take a part- time job. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?
Write a paragraph to justify your answer
Part time job is the best way to absorb knowledge, learn experience for ones career and earn
his living. Therefore, I strongly agree with the idea that students should take a part-time job.
First of all, students taking a part-time job can get more experience for their future jobs. For
example, pedagogic students take part time jobs as tutors can have chances to practice to be
teachers in the future. In addition, when doing a part-time job, students can practice the
lessons they got from classes. For instance, taking a job requiring a good demand of English
can improve your English because you can practice English with foreigners. Finally, when
doing part-time jobs, students can earn money on their own so they can grow up. Those who
do not have to work hard hardly know its value. To sum up, I think doing a part-time job does
students good for the reasons I have mentioned. They can get more experience for future job,
practice the lessons they got from classes and grow up.
225

PH LC 1
10 B QUYT HC T VNG HIU QU NHT
1. c ng ngay t ln u tin
Ch chm ch c m khng bit n phng php s lm ph i cng sc ca bn. Hy c
gng tm hiu v cc phng php c ting Anh hiu qu v dn rn luyn cho mnh mt thi
quen tt. Nu c dp, mnh s vit 1 bi ni k hn v phng php c. V s b, cch c
hiu qu (dnh cho ngihc ting Anh nh 1 second language) gm cc bc:
c lt v take note li cc t mi.
Trnh ngt qung, th on ngha ph hp cho t mi lp vo cn thiu ca ng cnh.
Ghi ch li cc chnh ca vn bn.
Tra t in hiu cc ngha ca t mi v chn ngha ph hp nht cho vn bn.
c li ln na vi cc t mi c gii ngha.
T t cu hi v tr li.
2. c, c na, c mi
Ci ny mnh chc khng phi bn ci g na. i vi cc t vng mi, cch hc n chnh xc
nht ch c th l nhn thy n trc tip dng vn bn. Trong lc c, lu ti nhng t m
bn khng bit ngha hoc khng nh chc. Nhng ng vi tra t in. Hy c t on ngha
da theo ng cnh ca vn bn. c qua 1 ln ri lc ny mnh mi tra t in hiu ton b
vn bn.
Ti sao phi c bc on ngha?
Lc ny, bn bt mnh phi ng no, lin h ngha ca t vi cc thnh phn ngha khc
ca ng cnh; iu ny s gip bn ngh v t nhiu hn, sau s nh nhanh (v lu hn)
ngha ca t.
3. Luyn tp thng xuyn
Cc nghin cu cho thy chng ta thng phi lp li 1 th g t 10 n 20 ln ghi nh
n. Nn hc t mi ri b x s chng gip ch g v chng ta s nhanh chng qun n. Tt
hn ht khi hc t vng ting Anh mi chng ta nn ghi chp y cch vit, cch c, cc
ngha v cch dng vo trong 1 cun s dnh ring cho vic hc t vng. Lin tc xem li s
n t vng. Mi ngy u xem li t va hc lin tc t nht 1 tun th khi 80% cc t
l ca bn ri.
226

V lin tc s dng t mi hc mi khi c dp thch hp nh!

4. Ch cc mi lin h ca t
Cch n gin nht l khi hc t mi bn nn c to t ln to s lin h gia b nh
vn bn v vng nh m thanh. Bn c th tm thm cc mi lin h khc trong vn ni nh t
ng ngha, t tri ngha; cc t c mi lin tng khin bn ngh n t ; cng c th v
thm 1 vi hnh minh ha n gin nu bn cm thy hc d hn vi hnh nh.
5. T to hoc hc cc mo ghi nh
Thu mi bt u hc t vng, mnh rt hay b nhm ln gia cc t c cch vit na n. Nh
hi hc bi n c mt m t u bt u bng con- : control, console, concord, convey, ri
qu nn mnh t cho chng cc nickname: con tru, con si, con cc, con ve, . =)) d
ghi nh cch vit cho ng. Hoc nh t Vocabulary, mnh c cch v l V c b li r.
Lc trc mnh cn c nghe 1 v d th v v t EGREGIOUS (rt ti t). Thy vy ch t
ny kh nh cch nh vn ng lm nh. T ny c cch c gn ging vi EGG REACH
US trng nm vo chng ti. iu ny lm ta tng tng n vic mnh va lm cc g
t hi v b ngi ta nm trng => iu rt ti t. Bn c thy d nh v th v hn khng?
Lu l ci ny ch dng nh mt ch thi, c theo th c kh lm .
6. Dng t in bch khoa (Encyclopedia) a phng tin thay cho t in thng thng
Mt li th ca chng ta khi hc ting Anh ngy nay l c rt nhiu cng ngh cc k hu
dng, trong c t in a phng tin.
D t in giy vn l mt th khng th thay th khi hc ting Anh, nhng ni dung phong
ph: hnh nh, m thanh, video minh ha ca t in a phng tin l mt cng c v cng
mnh m trong vic gip ta d ghi nh t ng hn.
Trc y th mnh c dng b Encarta, rt tuyt nhng tic l gi Microsoft ngng h tr
ri. Nhng bn vn c th tm thy cc b t in a phng tin min ph trn mng. Ci
mnh hay dng hin nay l Britannica (http://www.britannica.com/)
7. Chi tr chi lin quan n t vng
Cc tr ch nh Scrabble, Boggle v ch (crossword puzzle) s gip bn va c th

gin v va vn dng tr no nh li t vng. Nhng tr ny bn c th mua dng board
game v chi vi bn b hoc tm trn mng t chi mt mnh cng c.
227

8. Hc theo danh sch t vng

Bn c bao gi tng nghe ni ti nhng list t nh 3000 words for IELTS, 1500 words in
common communication, Essential Vocabulary etc. Lc trc mnh ngh nhng th nh vy
l rt v vn, c nh dnh cho complete newbie y! Sau ny mnh mi ng ra l nhng
danh sch ny rt hu ch. V thc t trong mi lnh vc lin quan n t vng ting Anh, ch
c mt nhm nh t vng s c s dng n 80% dung lng t ng. Nn hy c tp trung
vo nhng t ny trc c bn thng tho 1 mng ch , sau c thi gian chng ta ngh
ti vic hc thm nhng t t ph bin hn nng cao trnh .
9. T lm bi kim tra t vng thng xuyn
C nhiu cch bn kim tra li vn t vng ting Anh ca mnh nh gi s tin b cng
nh n luyn:
Chi tr chi nh mc 7.
Tm v lm cc bi kim tra trnh nh SAT, GMAT, TOEIC,
Che phn gii ngha trong s t vng, nhn mt ch v c nh li ngha.
c li cc bi c c.
Lit k ngu nhin t vng thuc mt mc t bit s lng t ng bn c th s dng
thoi mi l bao nhiu.
10. Tm cm hng khi hc t vng ting Anh
Hc ci g cng vy, nu ch c p bn thn th s cm thy rt d chn nn. Bn hy xc nh
mc ch hc lm g, v nhng ci hc xong s ng dng ngay u c. Vi vn ny,
mi ngi s c 1 cu tr li nn mnh cng khng dm ni xa hn. Cn i vi mnh, hc
c nhiu t vng ting Anh em li mt nim vui l mnh c th c c cc tc phm vn
hc Anh nguyn tc, v theo di c tin tc nng hi t quc t ch khng cn ch hng tin
trong nc dch li.
228

PH LC 2:
10 CCH DUY TR NG LC HC TP
1. Xc nh mt mc ch r rng v thc t m bn c th lm c, phi chc rng thc
s l mc-ch-ca-bn ch khng phi l mc ch ca b m, ngi xung quanh hay ca s
ng. C thi v suy ngh tch cc theo ui mc tiu m mnh ra trong vic hc,
cng nh khi thc hin k hoch.
2. Ln danh sch nhng yu t thc y bn hc hnh: khch quan (nhn c li khen ca b
m, qu thng, hc bng), ch quan (t c trnh cao cp trong lnh vc mnh ang
hc, tho mn s ham m tm hiu ca bn thn )
3. To mt p lc thi gian cho bn thn khi lm bi tp, nu khng c p lc v thi gian,
bn s d lng qun nhim v chnh ca mnh v dn dn mt ng lc, hng th khi bt tay
vo lm. Tt hn c, bn hy dn mt t stick note ghi thi hn cht np bi ln lch, sau
nh du ngy bn s bt u tin hnh lm bi cng trn t lch .
4. Nu bn thy bi tp qu nhiu v nng, hy chia nh ra lm nhiu phn. Mi ngy lm mt
cht, nhng phi chc chn l mnh lm xong ch khng dn sang hm sau.
5. Nu bn mun hon thnh sm bi tp th hy chn phn d trc, kh sau, chn lm nhng
phn no bn cm thy hng th hoc nhng mc nh trc. Vic hon thnh mt cch
nhanh chng nhng phn nh th s khin bn t tin hn v kh nng ca mnh.
6. Nu cm thy kh khn hoc kh hiu im no trong bi tp, ng ngi hi gio vin
hoc ngi hng dn. S ging gii s gip bi tp tr nn d hiu hn, bn c th tip
tc pht trin bi lm nu i ng hng, cng nh hn ch c nhng sai st trong qu trnh
thc hin.
7. Tm mi lin h gia nhng g bn ang hc, ang lm vi nhng g bn s thc hin trong
tng lai. N s cng c mc tiu r rng hn, duy tr ng lc hc tp ca bn nhiu hn.
8. C gng gii quyt nhng vn c nhn c th lm nh hng n s tp trung ca bn,
nu khng, hy iu tit sao cho n khng can thip su vo vic hc.
9. Hn ch nhng suy ngh hoc thi thiu tch cc nh: chn ch, ch i may mn mm
ci, t tikhi hc. Hy nhn vo nhng thnh cng hoc kt qu m bn t c, tuy nh
229

thi, nhng n c th thay i thi ca bn y.

10. Mi khi hon thnh xong mt phn bi tp ra, bn hy t thng cho chnh mnh. Mt
que kem, thanh ko, mt gi nghe nhc hoc xem phimva khin u c bn thoi mi hn,
va duy tr c s nhit tnh trong bn. ng ngh n nhng g cha hon thnh, hy hi
lng v t khen vi nhng g mnh hon thnh bn nh!
PH LC 3:
TI NG THT M
Mt cu chuyn ca Trung Quc v mt nng dn Bnh tnh.
Mt ng lo gn bin gii gip vi nc H pha Bc nc Tu, gn Trng thnh, c nui
mt con nga. Mt hm con ca ng lo dn nga ra gn bin gii cho n c, v l nh nn
con nga vt chy qua nc H mt dng. Nhng ngi trong xm nghe tin n chia bun vi
ng lo.
ng lo l ngi thng hiu vic i nn rt bnh tnh ni: Bit u con nga chy mt y
em li iu tt cho ti.
Vi thng sau, con nga chy mt y quay tr v, dn theo mt con nga ca nc H, cao
ln v mnh m.
Ngi trong xm hay tin lin n chc mng ng lo, v nhc li li ng lo ni trc y.
ng lo khng c v g vui mng, ni: Bit u vic c nga H ny s dn n tai ha
cho ti.
Con trai ca ng lo rt thch ci nga, thy con nga H cao ln mnh m th thch lm, lin
nhy ln lng ci n chy i. Con nga H cha thun nt nn nhy lon ln. C ln con ng
lo khng cn thn nga H ht xung, t gy xng i, khin con ng lo b qu chn, tt
nguyn.
Ngi trong xm vi n chia bun vi ng lo, tht khng ng con nga khng tn tin mua
ny li gy ra tai ha cho con trai ca ng lo nh th.
ng lo thn nhin ni: Xin cc v ch lo lng cho ti, con ti b ng gy chn, tuy bt hnh
, nhng bit u nh ha ny m c phc.
Mt nm sau, nc H ko qun sang xm ln Trung nguyn. Cc trai trng trong vng bin
gii u phi sung vo qun ng chng ngn gic H. Qun H thin chin, nh tan o qun
mi gi nhp ng, cc trai trng u t trn, ring con trai ng lo v b qu chn nn min i
lnh, c sng st gia nh.
230

Ngi i sau lp ra thnh ng: Ti ng tht m, an tri ha phc. Ngha l: ng lo bin

gii mt nga, bit u l ha hay l phc.
Bi hc: Vic i, ht may ti ri, ht ri ti may, nn bt chc ti ng m gi s thn nhin
trc nhng bin i thng trm trong cuc sng.Ta khng bao gi thc s bit c nhng
iu cn pha pha trc s xy ra nh th no. Cuc sng khng phi lc no cng nh
chng ta mong i.Vy nn mi khi gp kh khn hay tht bi trong hc tp cng ng nn
cc em nh !
Hy n nhn nhng kh khn,bt hnh nh mt hn tt yu ca cuc sng.Hy ngng

cao u v ni : Ta s mnh hn ngi,ngi khng th thng c ta. Mt khi bn c
mt am m,mt kht vng chy bng.Bn s thnh cng.....
231

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CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

PAGE : BI TP TING ANH CHO HC SINH VNG CAO VIT BC

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

-Mt s trng hp ngoi l: Mt s t kt thc bng ed c dng lm tnh t, ui ed

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

2. Hin ti tip din:

3. Hin ti hon thnh:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

4. Hin ti hon thnh tip din:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

8. Qu kh hon thnh tip din (t dng):

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

Tng lai gn:

10. Tng lai tip din:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

11. Tng lai hon thnh:

12.Tng lai hon thnh tip din:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

1.CC CNG THC C TH CA CC TH:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

2/ It's impossible to+Vinf

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

7.B NG CA CC NG T TRI GIC (see, smell, hear, feel.)

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

>> It was said that he is a good doctor.

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

4.Qu kh n ( Simple Past)

4.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect)

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

*** Qui tc thay i trng t:

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

Ex : The professor said : "The moon revolves around the earth"

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

V d : Peter said : What time is it? I must go now.

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

I T QUAN H-MNH QUAN H

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

The man standing there is my brother

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

Do you like the book on the table?

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

E.g: If you want to get good marks, You must do exercises

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

(Nu ti qua bn lm xong bi tp, bn s c i n rp chiu phim)=> ngi ni ang tic

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

If he didnt love her, he wouldnt have married her.

SO SNH TNH T V TRNG T

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

(Bi kim tra cng kh,hc sinh cng lo s hn)

- Hai v so snh c th khc nhau

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016

3. Adv: Trng t thng c thnh lp bng cch thm ui ly vo tnh t

CM NANG TING ANH CHO K THI THPT QUC GIA 2016