Class 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics Exercise 8.1 Question 1: ‘The angles of quadrilateral are in the ratio 3: 5: 9: 13. Find all the angles of the quadrilateral. Answer: Let the common ratio between the angles be x. Therefore, the angles will be 3x, 5x, 9x, and 13x respectively. As the sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°, 3x + Sx + Ox + 13x = 3609 30x = 360° x= 120 Hence, the angles are 3x = 3x 12 = 369 Sx = 5x 12 = 60° 9x = 9x 12 = 108° 13x = 13 x 12 = 156° Question 2: If the diagonals of @ parallelogram are equal, then show that it is a rectangle. Answer: A, B D Let ABCD be a parallelogram. To show that ABCD is a rectangle, we have to prove that one of its interior angles is 90°. In AABC and ADB, AB = DC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) BC = BC (Common) AC = DB (Given) Page 1 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics AABC = ADCB (By SSS Congruence rule) > ABC = zDCB It is known that the sum of the measures of angles on the same side of transversal is, 180°. ZABC + 2DCB = 180° (AB || CD) = ZABC + 2ABC = 180° = 2ZABC = 180° = ZABC = 90° Since ABCD is a parallelogram and one of its interior angles is 90°, ABCD is a rectangle. Question 3: Show that if the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then it isa rhombus. Answer: A B D ¢ Let ABCD be a quadrilateral, whose diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at right angle i.e. OA = OC, OB = OD, and ZAOB = 2BOC = ZCOD = zAOD = 909. To Prove ABCD a rhombus, we have to prove ABCD is a parallelogram and all the sides of ABCD are equal. In AAOD and ACOD, OA = OC (Diagonals bisect each other) AOD = £COD (Given) OD = OD (Common) AOD = ACOD (By SAS congruence rule) AD = CD (1) Page 2 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics Similarly, it can be proved that AD = AB and CD = BC (2) From equations (1) and (2), AB = BC = CD = AD Since opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are equal, it can be said that ABCD is a parallelogram. Since all sides of 2 parallelogram ABCD are equal, it can be said that ABCD is a rhombus. Question 4: ‘Show that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles. Answer: 4 B 9 > « Let ABCD be a square. Let the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at a point ©. To prove that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles, we have to prove AC = BD, OA = OC, OB = OD, and 2AOB = 90°. In DABC and ADCB, AB = DC (Sides of a square are equal to each other) ZRBC = ZDCB (Al interior angles are of 90) ° BC = CB (Common side) ABC & AOCB (By SAS congruency) AC = DB (By CPCT) Hence, the diagonals of a square are equal in length. In BAOB and ACOD, ZAOB = £COD (Vertically opposite angles) ZABO = £CDO (Alternate interior angles) ‘AB = CD (Sides of a square are always equal) Page 3 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics 2 BAOB z ACOD (By AAS congruence rule) 4 AO = CO and 08 = OD (By CPCT) Hence, the diagonals of a square bisect each other. In QAOB and ACOB, ‘As we had proved that diagonals bisect each other, therefore, AO = CO AB = CB (Sides of a square are equal) BO = 80 (Common) 4 BAQB 4 ACOB (By SSS congruency) 4 2AOB = £COB (By CPCT) However, 2AOB + 2COB = 180° (Linear pair) 22A08 = 180° ZBOB = 90° Hence, the diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angles. Question 5: Show that if the diagonals of @ quadrilateral are equal and bisect each other at right angles, then it is a square. ‘Answer: 4, b > « Let us consider a quadrilateral ABCD in which the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O. It is given that the diagonals of ABCD are equal and bisect each other at right angles. Therefore, AC = BD, OA = OC, OB = OD, and ZAOB = 28OC = 2COD = £AOD = 90°. To prove ABCD is a square, we have to prove that ABCD is a parallelogram, AB = BC = CD = AD, and one of its interior angles is 90°. In AAOB and ACOD, Page 4 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics AO = CO (Diagonals bisect each other) OB = OD (Diagonals bisect each other) ZAOB = £COD (Vertically opposite angles) 4 BAOB ¢ ACOD (SAS congruence rule) 4 AB = CD (By CPCT) ... (1) ‘And, ZOAB = 2OCD (By CPCT) However, these are alternate interior angles for line AB and CD and alternate interior angles are equal to each other only when the two lines are parallel. 2 AB || CD... (2) From equations (1) and (2), we obtain ABCD is a parallelogram. In AAOD and ACOD, AO = CO (Diagonals bisect each other) ZAOD = £COD (Given that each is 90°) 0D = OD (Common) 4 BAOD z ACOD (SAS congruence rule) ZAD = DC... (3) However, AD = BC and AB = CD (Opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD) 4 AB = BC = CD = DA Therefore, all the sides of quadrilateral ABCD are equal to each other. In ADC and ABCD, AD = BC (Already proved) AC = BD (Given) DC = CD (Common) 4 BADC ¢ ABCD (SSS Congruence rule) 4 2ADC = 2BCD (By CPCT) However, ADC + BCD = 180° (Co-interior angles) 4 ZADC + ADC = 180° 4 22ADC = 180° 2 AADC = 90° Page 5 of 21 Website: www.mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics One of the interior angles of quadrilateral ABCD is a right angle. ‘Thus, we have obtained that ABCD is a parallelogram, AB = BC = CD = AD and one of its interior angles is 90°, Therefore, ABCD is a square. Question 6: Diagonal AC of a parallelogram ABCD bisects 2A (see the given figure). Show that (i) It bisects 2C also, (ii) ABCD is a rhombus. p, c a 8 Answer: (i) ABCD is a parallelogram. 4 eDAC = zBCA (Alternate interior angles) ... (1) ‘And, 2BAC = 2DCA (Alternate interior angles) ... (2) However, it is given that AC bisects 2A, 2 eDAC = BAC... (3) From equations (1), (2), and (3), we obtain ZDAC = 2BCA = ZBAC = eDCA.... (4) 2 2DCA = 2BCA Hence, AC bisects 2C. (iFrom equation (4), we obtain ZDAC = eDCA 2 DA = DC (Side opposite to equal angles are equal) However, DA = BC and AB = CD (Opposite sides of a parallelogram) 2B = BC = CD = DA Hence, ABCD is a rhombus. Question 7: Page 6 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics ABCD is a rhombus. Show that diagonal AC bisects 2A as well as 2C and diagonal BD bisects 2B as well as 2D. Answer: Let us join AC. In BABC, BC = AB (Sides of a rhombus are equal to each other) 4 21 = 42 (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal) However, £1 = 23 (Alternate interior angles for parallel lines AB and CD) £22—8 Therefore, AC bisects 2C. Also, 22 = 24 (Alternate interior angles for || lines BC and DA) cela ed Therefore, AC bisects 2A. Similarly, it can be proved that BD bisects 28 and cD as well. Question 8: ABCD is a rectangle in which diagonal AC bisects 2A as well as 4C. Show that: (i) ABCD is a squere (it) diagonal BD bisects 28 as well as 2D. Answer: Page 7 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics (I) It is given that ABCD is a rectangle. “eka static 2 2 > ZDAC = ZDCA (AC bisects 2A and ZC) CD = DA (Sides opposite to equal angles are also equal) However, DA = BC and AB = CD (Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal) 2 AB = BC = CD = DA ABCD is a rectangle and all of its sides are equal. Hence, ABCD is a square. (i) Let us join 80. In ABCD, BC = CD (Sides of a square are equal to each other) ZCDB = ZCBD (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal) However, QR |] BD) Therefore, OMQN is a parallelogram. £MQN = 2NOM, 4 £PQR = ZNOM However, zNOM = 90° (Diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other) Page 15 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics £2PQR = 90° Clearly, PQRS is a parallelogram having one of its interior angles as 90°. Hence, PQRS is a rectangle. Question 3: ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a rhombus. Answer: A Pp B s| 0 > ® © Let us join AC and BD. In AABC, P and Q are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively. 1 2 PQ||ACand PQ= AC (Mic-point theorem) .. (4) Similarly in AADC, 1 SR || AC and SR = 2 AC (Mid-point theorem) ... (2) Clearly, PQ || SR and PQ = SR Since in quadrilateral PQRS, one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel to each other, it is a parallelogram. ZPS || QR and PS = QR (Opposite sides of parallelogram)... (3) In ABCD, Q and R are the mid-points of side BC and CD respectively. 2QR || BD and QR = 28D (Mid-point theorem) ... (4) However, the diagonals of a rectangle are equal. 2 AC = BD..(5) By using equation (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), we obtain Page 16 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadnilaterals, Mathematics PQ = QR = SR = PS ‘Therefore, PQRS is a rhombus. Question 4: ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC, 8D is a diagonal and E is the mid - point of, ‘AD. A line is drawn through € parallel to AB intersecting BC at F (see the given figure). Show that F is the mid-point of BC. D. ¢ A 2 Answer: Let EF intersect D8 at G. D. 4 B By converse of mid-point theorem, we know that a line drawn through the mid-point of any side of a triangle and parallel to another side, bisects the third side. In AABD, EF || AB and € is the mid-point of AD. Therefore, G will be the mid-point of DB. AS EF || AB and AB || CD, EF || CD (Two lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other) In ABCD, GF || CD and Gis the mid-point of line 8D. Therefore, by using converse of mid-point theorem, F is the mid-point of BC. Page 17 of 21 Website: www.mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics Question 5: In a parallelogram ABCO, € and F are the mid-points of sides AB and CD respectively (see the given figure). Show that the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD. b E © yw ZA s—t B Answer: ABCD is a parallelogram. 208 || CD And hence, AE || FC ‘Again, AB = CD (Opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD) teen 2B = 2cD AE = FC (E and F are mi points of side AB and CD) In quadrilateral AECF, one pair of opposite sides (AE and CF) is parallel and equal to each other. Therefore, AECF is a parallelogram. 2 AF || EC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram) In ADQC, F is the mid-point of side DC and FP || CQ (as AF || EC). Therefore, by Using the converse of mid-point theorem, it can be said that P is the mid-point of Da. 20 = PQ... (1) Similarly, in AAPB, E is the mid-point of side AB and EQ || AP (as AF || EC). ‘Therefore, by using the converse of mid-point theorem, it can be said that Qis the mid-point of PB. £PQ = QB... (2) From equations (1) and (2), Page 18 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics DP = PQ = 8 Hence, the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal 8D. Question 6: ‘Show that the line segments joining the mid-points of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral bicect each other. Answer: - . 3 C7 : a Let ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R, and S are the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD, and DA respectively. Join PQ, QR, RS, SP, and BD. In AABD, S and P are the mid-points of AD and AB respectively. Therefore, by using D mid-point theorem, it can be said that SP || BD and SP = Similarly in ABCD, BD... (1) 1 QR I} BD and QR= 28D... (2) From equations (1) and (2), we obtain ‘SP || QR and SP = QR In quadrilateral SPQR, one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel to each other. Therefore, SPQR is a parallelogram. We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. Hence, PR and QS bisect each other. Question 7: Page 19 of 21 ‘Website: wnew. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral Mathematics ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the mic and parallel to 8C intersects AC at D. Show that (i) Dis the mid-point of AC Gi) MD 2 AC point M of hypotenuse AB cmM=Ma-4aB (iii) Answer: 8, M c D ‘A (i) In aaBc, It is given that M is the mid-point of AB and MD || BC. ‘Therefore, Dis the mid-point of AC. (Converse of mi point theorem) (i) As DM || CB and AC is a transversal line for them, therefore, ZMDC + ZDCB = 1809 (Co-interior angles) ZMDC + 90° = 1809 ZMDC = 90° 2MD ZAC Gil) Join MC. B Mt c D ‘A In AAMD and ACMD, AD = CD (Dis the mid-point of side AC) Page 20 of 21 Website: www.mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.comClass 1X Chapter 8 - Quadrilateral ZADM = ZCDM (Each 90°) DM = OM (Common) ZDAMD 2 ACMD (By SAS congruence rule) Therefore, AM = CM (By CPCT) L However, AM= 2 AB (Mis the mid-point of AB) Therefore, it can be said that 1 cM =AM= 208 Mathematics Page 21 of 21 ‘Website: www. mentorminutes.com Email: care@mentorminutes.com