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Counting rule #4, Exact numbers have infinite sig fips
Ex? fm =oe0mm, GOs = Lmin
i. Ss igs. Precision , amd Aceuracy
Sig fig arithmetic rules
{. A sum or Difference hes the lower Ff of Sif
oo pees
+ 3. a4bg = IB. VAg 2 16.13
o a kp + 204 2003. 8 + 20s = 202, 8
= Dop0, aaa ks
al product oe quotient hes tte lower # of sy figs
ex: bobbs [yg = 81.4208 7 225
Hew maa meters, “uty B15. Sum?
BTS. bya ( DDO YETI mn = 1 STAND,
Lenger cleat deat round until the enc
Whore de 3 Figs come from?
= Variability between measureme
Sashrament precision thet shad have equel values
Ex: balance in lab ~ decimal places based on
tested Precision
“precise” - oll triols have similar velues
aecurecy - error between measured value(s )
and He accepted “real” value
Course Chem 103-6 Lecturer Sephen Dleck
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EX. Untered balance in eb » Uniform offset to
AM measurements (fob eccurede,
“accurate” = trials " result near the
correct of r expected Volues
presi Sy precise and
Yet cecurecte not predise Pe oe
A. Atomic Th
- Meter ot continuars
-A given compound will elwoys have dhe some
rotio of elements
- Atms are not changed nor destr ofed in chemical can
3B. Components 4 am ftom
Dicgrom or eo Cloud - most of He V, almest
ne mass
: Mw nucleus ~ Proteas, neutvens ;
wiki mest of the tess clmast none
of the V
_Msssca)
G. 1094-10"
1. 6726% Oe
TAY» 1
ot
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A. Choro eritg Atoms ancl Elements
A # a Pp EL =" odtemic number": clefines an element
eX: O olwoys hes fps ef on otom has exsctly gp
it's oygen
B. Every atom has on quel 4 of Pt ancl e
~ Net charge is always gere
= When net charg wah, the particle is an jon
C. Th # of n? is Ochi
Some Z, ot 4d 1? "isefopes
ot, - “ Carbon - 2
& ver": & is er Spr, re ae Cc)
the: # thet Oberocterizes forbiculer Isotope
iS “Mess pumber" 'CA) = taf pr pls Hef n?
- Lsetopes have identical chemical +i
but dic masses are dite oe oo)
So Cross 4, Al Lisnie change]
emen- a mDe2'
“at ale ‘ 5 ba]
o | Net
Get pt mess ofe” at ML, Sl
je Qo 12 — 20-1910 iote=0 Ne
\o 22 4 BNO ro-gert Net
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5. Atenic Weights
Definition > £LAMU Cotemic mass unit, "uu" )
ef the mass of one 7 C atom
Se LAMU = |. égem} «104
6.022 x 102? Amu = 4
. Aomic weight” - the average mass ef an atom
of om element
- Weighted accord ing te abundance stool
octom ic weipht = Sum of oll Cisetopic MESS X gee once
Ex: AW. of Gellium 68. BEU 60.17
Ye. Phu 39.4 eo
AW. = 6 Bb6u’ 0.60! + To. J2bu: 0.74
2 Al. ADAB Y + Bt. 291u - 69, Ip3bu
> 64.
C. The Pericdlic Table . ete
the elements follow potterns 3 Heir chumical behavio
pepeats
Columas -“SreupS” ~ similor chemical popetes
Ex? JAsolkali metols - soft , react enthusiasticelly |
QA + allealine earth metals
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Rous -” perieds”
each entry shows ~ octemic 4, otemic symbol , .
odomic Weigh
Other periodic sebole into
motels ys. non-metels us. metalloialls
cgrey ot Steel blue ) purple) Corange 7
- Bread cotegories of behavier [characteristics
Know amt, given o Symbol ond vite versa -fr:
elements \-20, 4-20, halagens , nelle ge
As, Au Pb
4+