27/7/2016 AACEInternationalMeetings/ConferencesAnnualMeeting2016AnnualMeetingTechnicalProgramAbstractsCLAIMSANDDISPUTERESOL

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(CDR2114)StructuringConstructionClaimInvestigationProcessestoReduceCognitiveBias
PrimaryAuthor:DrAminTerouhidTheVertexCompanies
CoAuthor(s):DrMaryamMirhadiFardHillInternational,Inc.
Time/Location:SUN1:302:30/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)

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Researchincognitivesciencehasstudiedavarietyofpsychologicalconstraintsonhumaninformationgatheringandprocessing.Some
formsofdeviationinjudgmentduetotheseconstraintsarereferredtoascognitivebias.Seeingmattersinanunjustifiablypositivelight,
apreferencefortheuseofmorerecentinformation,beingoverlyinfluencedbyinitialinformation,andgivingcredittocausationwhere
evidencesolelysuggestacorrelationarefourexamplesofthesebiases.
Claiminvestigationsaresubjecttopotentialadverseeffectsofcognitivebiasesinavarietyofways.Thisstudyinvestigateshowclaim
investigation processes should be structured to systematically reduce the effect of cognitive bias on the outcomes. A questionnaire
survey,conductedamongstconstructionclaimattorneysandclaimprofessionals,helpedtobetteridentifycognitivebiasesthatadversely
affectconstructionclaiminvestigationandprepareareliablelistofstrategiesforminimizingcognitivebiasinclaiminvestigations.
(CDR2181)ProvingLossofEfficiencyandExtraWorkClaims
PrimaryAuthor:MrRobertMarshallFreasExponent
CoAuthor(s):MrMuhammadKhedrPSPExponentInc
Time/Location:SUN2:453:45/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Forproofofanyconstructionclaim,onemustdemonstrateliability,causationandtheresultingdamages.Inordertoprovecausationand
theresultingdamages,theclaimantneedstorelyupontheprojectdocumentationanditsjobcostaccountingsystem,whichmaynotbe
preparednormanagedproperlywithclaimsinmind.Circumstancesmayarisewhichleavethecontractornochoicebuttoprepareaclaim
todemonstratecausation,andthenquantifytheresultingdamagescausedbylossofefficiencyandextrawork.Thispaperwillidentify
commonmistakesmadewhenpreparingprojectdocumentationthatisessentialtodevelopingentitlementforlossofefficiencyandextra
workclaims. It also provides an overview of loss of efficiency analysis methodologies commonly employed by experts. The paper will
examinehowacontractorsaccountingsystemcanbeusedtopriceandprovelossofefficiencyandextraworkclaims.
(CDR2183)TheCALDARERAFORMULACalculatingtheDailyRateoftheContractor
PrimaryAuthor:MrJosephV.CaldareraJ.Caldarera&Co.Inc.
Time/Location:MON2:003:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
It is not uncommon to face Owner opposition on a delayed or disrupted construction project when attempts to quantify a delay are
presented.Evenwhenscheduleanalysesthatprovethenumberofentitledcompensabledelaydaysareoffered,theargumentregarding
remunerationforeconomiclossbecomesapointofcontention.ExistingformulasthatpurporttodetermineaDailyRateconsiderthetotal
workprogramoftheContractor.SuchmethodsofestablishingaDailyRatearenotprojectspecific,andareimposingtotheContractor.
TheCALDARERAFORMULAisprojectspecific,andsimplifiestheevaluationoftheDailyRatebyusingcontractualmechanisms,suchas
theBaselineScheduleandScheduleofValues,whichidentifytheoriginalContractTimeandContractSum,respectively. Contractually,
theScheduleofValuesistobeusedtoestablishallpaymentsunderthecontract.Thus,asimplearithmeticcalculationtoquantify the
Daily Rate of the Contractor is enabled. The CALDARERA FORMULA is simple, compliant with the Contract Documents, and easily
explained.
(CDR2192)DifferentAllocationMethodsforIndirectCosts
PrimaryAuthor:MrWilliamCSchwartzkopfSageConsultingGroup
CoAuthor:MrCoryRyanMilburnPSPSageConsultingGroup
Time/Location:TUE11:0012:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Acommonmethodologyusedtoallocateindirectcostsonaproject,whichhasbeenextended,istoallocatebasedontime,usuallyinthe
formofcostperday.Atimebasedallocationmaynotbethemostappropriatemethodologybecausethedrivingfactorforsomecosts,
particularlycostssuchasequipment,smalltools,supervision,andexpendableitems,isdirectlaborcostordirectlaborhours. A more
appropriatemethodtoallocatethoseindirectcostsisaseitherapercentageusingalaborcostasthedriverorasacostperdirectlabor
hour with labor hours being the driver. This paper compares the results of using a cost allocation base of direct labor hours to other
allocationmethodssuchasactualcostcomparedtoadjusted,costperday,andperiodbasedcosts.
(CDR2211)FindingtheElusiveMeasuredMile:UnconventionalCaseStudies
PrimaryAuthor:DrTongZhaoPEPSPDeltaConsultingGroup,Inc

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27/7/2016 AACEInternationalMeetings/ConferencesAnnualMeeting2016AnnualMeetingTechnicalProgramAbstractsCLAIMSANDDISPUTERESOL
CoAuthor(s):MrMarkDunganDeltaConsultingGroup,Inc
Time/Location:MON5:006:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
The measured mile method (including the baseline method) is generally the most preferred approach to prove and quantify lost
productivityinconstructionprojects,yetapplyingthemethodcanbechallenging.Themeasuredmilemethodusesprojectspecificdata
to compare the actual productivities on identical or similar work between unimpacted or least impacted and impacted periods or
segments of a project. The application of the measured mile method is often abandoned due to the lack of suitable productivity data,
difficultiesinprovingsimilarwork,andsometimesuncleardistinctionbetweentheunimpactedorleastimpactedandimpactedperiodsor
segments.Thispaperdemonstrates,throughcasestudies,thetechniquesusedbytheauthorstoapplythemeasuredmilemethodwhen
it may intuitively appear inapplicable. It is hoped that practitioners will be inspired by the ideas discussed in this paper and learn
innovativeapplicationsforthemeasuredmilemethod.
(CDR2212)ChoosingtheMostAppropriateScheduleAnalysisMethod
PrimaryAuthor:MrAndrewAvalonPEPSPLongInternational
Time/Location:MON3:454:45/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
AACE Internationals Recommended Practice No. 29R03 for Forensic Schedule Analysis (RP 29R03) presents nine different
methodologies for performing schedule analyses. Some schedule analysis methods are better suited for certain purposes than others.
Each method is unique in its applicability to a given set of project specifics, including: type of project, legal jurisdiction, contract
documents,disputeresolutionmechanism,factpattern,andotherprojectexecutionfactors.Amismatchbetweenprojectspecificsand
theselectedmethodology can substantially undermine a partys chance of recovery, add unnecessary costs, and distract from factual
entitlementissues.
Familiarity with the key elements of RP 29R03 and a clear understanding of the core assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of the
recommendedmethodologiesisabasic,yetcritical,stepforproperlyimplementingascheduleanalysis.Thispaperpresentsanoverview
ofeachoftheninescheduleanalysismethodologies,thenomenclatureusedtocategorizethedifferentmethods,andthestrengthsand
limitations of each method. It then discusses eleven factors a forensic schedule analyst should consider when choosing the most
appropriatescheduleanalysismethod.
(CDR2235)RetrospectiveTIAsIsThereaBetterWay?
PrimaryAuthor:MrJohnCLivengoodCCPCFCCPSPNavigantConsulting
Time/Location:MON10:0011:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
ThepowerofTimeImpactAnalysis(TIA)methodologyisattestedtobyitsnearuniversaladoptionasapreferredmethodtoestablish
entitlement for time extensions during the course of a project using CPM scheduling. The AACE RP 52R06 (2006), which provides a
detailedexplanationofhowtoproperlyperformthisprospectiveanalysis,isfurtherexampleofProspectiveTIAsimportance.Yet,atthe
same time, Retrospective TIAs continue to pose significant methodological issues even though it remains a major methodology for
determiningthedelaysinaCPMschedule,asreflectedintheAACERP29R03(2011).QuestionsconcerningretrospectiveTIAsaccuracy
abound as originally reflected in the question posed in the 2008 AACE presentation on the matter: Retrospective TIAs Time to Lay
Them to Rest? After nearly four decades of use, this article presents a case as to why the use of forensic TIAs should be sharply
restrictedduetoitsdefectsandthealternativesthatareavailabletotheexpertanalyst.
(CDR2236)MixedForensicScheduleAnalysisMethodologiesProceedWithCaution
PrimaryAuthor:MrRogerNelsonPENavigant
CoAuthor(s):MrJohnCLivengoodCCPCFCCPSPNavigantConsulting
Time/Location:TUE9:4510:45/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Differentforensicscheduledelaymethodologiesidentifydelaystothecriticalpathindifferentways:similartoMetricandEnglishsystems
that can both measure distance but do so using different units. Some experts combine two or more delay methodologies in a single
analysis to generate a specific result. Akin to combining meters and yards into a single measurement of units even though they are
differentdistances.Thispaperwillidentifythesituationswhereusingtwoormoremethodologiesinasingleanalysismakessenseoris
necessary, and where combining methodologies generates misleading and inaccurate results. The understanding of how different
methodologiesmeasureforensicdelaydifferentlyisavitalcomponentofthisdiscussion,andthispaperwillexplorecurrentunderstanding
ofthisissue.
(CDR2291)ContemporaneousUnderstandingofCriticality:DefinitionsandApplicationinForensicScheduleAnalysis
PrimaryAuthor:MrPatrickMKellyPEPSPNavigant
Time/Location:TUE8:009:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Contemporaneousunderstandingofcriticalityistheprojectmanagementteamsperceptionorjudgmentoftheworkorissuesdrivingthe
projectspredictedcompletiondate,asdeterminedbyacriticalpathderivedfromanadequatelydevelopedandmaintainedseriesofCPM
schedules, and taking into account the limits of their knowledge at the time. Though not usually defined as its own concept,
contemporaneous understanding of criticality already exists in good scheduling practice and in case law surrounding Forensic Schedule
Analysis. Grasping contemporaneous understanding of criticality as a concept, and incorporating it into ones delay analysis, has the
potential to differentiate a good analysis from a bad one. This paper will provide a definition of contemporaneous understanding of
criticality, discuss the context for contemporaneous understanding of criticality in existing scheduling practices and case law, and
describehowtheexistenceornonexistenceofavalidcontemporaneousunderstandingofcriticalitywillnecessarilydrivetheanalysts
selectionofamethodandperformanceofadelayanalysis.
(CDR2305)ImplementingtheHalfstepUpdatetoImproveProjectScheduleControls
PrimaryAuthor:MrJohnJCiccarelliPECCPPSPMarshRiskConsulting
CoAuthor(s):MrMichaelJBenninkPECCPPSPMarshRiskConsultingMrBrianJamesFurnissCFCCPSPMWHConstructors
Time/Location:TUE2:003:00/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Industrypublicationshaveaddressedstepstotechnicallyexecutethehalfstepupdateandidentifiedbasicissuesrelativetothecauses
ofdiscrepancies,butnonehaveaddressedthesignificantissuesofnonprogressrevisionstoschedulelogicandplanneddurationswhich
alter the update schedule. This paper discusses a new Recommended Practice (RP) CDR03, Implementing the Halfstep Update to
Improve Project Schedule Controls. The goal of RP CDR03 is to develop guidelines for implementing a project controls process in
schedule progress and performance assessment. The guidelines will refer to the halfstep update analysis and protocols used

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27/7/2016 AACEInternationalMeetings/ConferencesAnnualMeeting2016AnnualMeetingTechnicalProgramAbstractsCLAIMSANDDISPUTERESOL
predominantlyforforensicscheduleanalysisofprojectdisputesasameansofimprovingprojectschedulecontrolsandcommunication.
The goal of RP CDR03 is to provide recommendations and guidelines for more effective schedule control through use of the halfstep
principals. This thereby improves a project management teams understanding of project status, provides project stakeholders with
accurate project status and planned forecast reports, and improves the project management teams ability to assess critical path
performanceduringtheprojecttomitigateoravoiddisputes.
(CDR2307)ContemporaneousPeriodAnalysistoAnalyzeConcurrentDelays
PrimaryAuthor:MrVaradhaAnanthalakshminarayananARCADIS
CoAuthor(s):MrBrianGoodreauPSPArcadisMrRickGCianfaglionePSPARCADIS
Time/Location:CANCELLED
Concurrentdelayisawidelydebatedcomplextechnicalandcontractualissue.Proper analysis and apportionment of concurrent delays
canbeoneofthemostchallengingtasksencounteredwhileevaluatingadelayclaim.Segregatingprogressdelaysfromschedulerevision
delays by creating bifurcated schedules is a technique that analysts may implement to assist in concurrent delay analysis. Using
bifurcated schedules with a contemporaneous period analysis helps analysts identify the root causes of delays and apportion
responsibilities for concurrent delays. Using the Backward Pass procedure is one technique that may be implemented in a
contemporaneousperiodanalysistohelpidentifyconcurrentdelaysinCPMschedules.Usingthesetechniquesdescribedherelendadded
credibilitytodelayevaluationsduringthedisputeresolutionprocess,asithelpsanalyststoacknowledgechangesinthecriticalpaththat
occurthroughoutthedurationoftheprojectwhileconsideringconcurrentdelays.Thispaperwillexploretheconceptofconcurrentdelays
andoneanalysistechniquethatcanbeappliedtomanyindustryrecognizeddelayanalysismethodologiestoidentifyconcurrentdelays.
(CDR2344)OfQuantumShadesofGrayADilemmafortheExpertWitness
PrimaryAuthor:MrJefferyL.OttesenPECFCCPSPProjectControls&Forensics,LLC
CoAuthor(s):MrKenjiPHoshinoCFCCPSPProjectControls&Forensics,LLCMsGretaAMartinPEPSPAltaCascade
Time/Location:MON11:1512:15/ProvincialNorth(2ndLevel)
Testifying as an expert witness involves resolving many conflicts, both external and internal. This paper discusses one of the internal
conflicts.Conveyingobjectivityisparamounttomaintainingcredibilitywithlawyers,judgesandotherdecisionmakers.Argumentsexist
that there is often an implicit understanding between the hiring client and the expert that the expert will find a way to leverage the
clients strong positions, and minimize or negate the weaker ones. Consequently, the expert is often caught in an internal conflict
between performing objectively on one hand and meeting the clients expectations on the other. When does an expert cross the line
(assuming it exists) from objectivity into unwarranted advocacy? This paper presents one paradigm in effectively dealing with this
conflictinawaythatallowsthepractitionertostaytruetotheAACECanonofEthics.

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