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Flexible
Faster response time
Less and simpler wiring
Solid-state - no moving parts
Modular design - easy to repair and expand
Handles much more complicated systems
Sophisticated instruction sets available
Allows for diagnostics easy to troubleshoot
Less expensive
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It is easier to create
and change a program
in a PLC than to wire
and rewire a circuit.
End-users can modify
the program in the
field.
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Generally, if an application
requires more than about
6 control relays, it will
usually be less expensive
to install a PLC.
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PLC Architecture
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PLC System
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PLC Architecture
An open architecture design allows the system to be
connected easily to devices and programs made by
other manufacturers.
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I/O Configurations
Fixed I/O
Is typical of small PLCs
Comes in one package, with
no separate removable units.
The processor and I/O are
packaged together.
Lower in cost but
lacks flexibility.
Lecture Introduction to PLC's
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I/O Configurations
Modular I/O
Is divided by compartments
into which separate modules
can be plugged.
This feature greatly increases
your options and the units
flexibility. You can choose
from all the modules available
and mix them in any way you
desire.
Lecture Introduction to PLC's
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I/O Configurations
Modular I/O
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Power Supply
Supplies DC power to other
modules that plug into the rack.
In large PLC systems, this
power supply does not
normally supply power to the
field devices.
In small and micro PLC systems, the power supply
is also used to power field devices.
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Processor (CPU)
Is the brain of the PLC.
Consists of a microprocessor
for implementing the logic, and
controlling the communications
among the modules.
Designed so the desired circuit can be
entered in relay ladder logic form.
Processor
Module
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I/O Section
Consists of:
Input modules
Output modules.
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I/O Section
Input Module
Forms the interface
by which input field
devices are connected
to the controller.
The terms field and
real worldare used to
distinguish actual external
devices that exist and must
be physically wired into the system.
Lecture Introduction to PLC's
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I/O Section
Output Module
Forms the interface
by which output field
devices are connected
to the controller.
PLCs employ an
optical isolator which
uses light to electrically isolate the internal
components from the
input and output
terminals.
Lecture Introduction to PLC's
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Programming Device
PC with appropriate
software
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Programming Device
Hand-held unit
with display
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Programming Device
Hand-held unit
with display
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Triac
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Each
The
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Coil O/1 is energized when contacts I/1 and I/2 are closed
or when contact I/3 is closed. Either of these conditions
provides a continuous path from left to right across the
rung that includes the coil.
Lecture Introduction to PLC's
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PC
- Capable of executing several
programs simultaneously, in
any order
- Some manufacturers have
software and interface cards
available so that a PC can do
the work of a PLC
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Advantages
- Lower initial cost
- Less proprietary hardware
and software required
- Straightforward data exchange
with other systems
- Speedy information processing
- Easy customization
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Micro PLC
- Handles up to 32 I/O points
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