Ni dung

1. ng hc
2. ng lc hc cht im

Bi tp C hc Phn 1
L Quang Nguyn
www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~leqnguyen
nguyenquangle59@yahoo.com

1.1
Mt cht im chuyn ng trn trc Ox theo
chiu dng, bt u t O vi vn tc 2m/s. Gia
tc c biu thc a = v/2 (m/s2). Tm biu thc
vn tc theo thi gian t.

Tr li 1.1
T bi v nh ngha ca gia tc:

dv
v
=
dt
2

Chuyn v sang v tri, dt sang v phi:

dv
1
= dt
v
2
Tch phn hai v t t = 0 n lc t bt k,
iu kin ban u:
v(t )

dv
1
= dt
2
v
0

v ( t ) = 2e

t 2

1.2
Mt cht im chuyn ng trong mt phng xOy
vi vn tc cho bi: v = i + xj ( m s )
Ban u cht im gc O, hy tm qu o ca
n.

Tr li 1.2
T nh ngha vn tc v bi:

dy
=x
dt

Chuyn dt sang v phi ri ly tch phn t t = 0

n lc t bt k, iu kin ban u:
x (t )

dx =

0
y(t )

dt

dy =

x (t ) = t

0
t

x ( t )dt =

tdt

y (t ) =

Kh t: y = x 2
2

t2
2

Qu o parabn

1.3
Mt ht ri gc ta vi vn tc u:
v = 3i ( m s )
v sau chuyn ng vi gia tc khng i:
a = i 0, 5 j ( m s 2 )
Tm vn tc ca ht khi n t v tr c ta x
cc i.

dx
= 1;
dt

Tr li 1.3
Tng t nh trong cc cu trc ta c:
dvx dt = 1;
vx ( t )

3
vy ( t )

dvy dt = 0, 5

dvx = dt

vx ( t ) = 3 t

vy ( t ) = 0, 5t

0
t

dvy = 0, 5 dt
0

Theo vx s gim dn, bng 0 lc t = 3, sau

ht s chuyn ng ngc li theo chiu m.

Tr li 1.3 (tt)

1.4

Vy lc t = 3 th x t gi tr cc i.
Lc :
vx = 0; vy = 1, 5

Mt cht im chuyn ng trn trc Ox theo

chiu dng, bt u t O vi vn tc u bng
khng. Sau n c gia tc a = 2 8x (m/s2). Hy
tm v tr x ti vn tc t gi tr cc i.

v ( t = 3 ) = 1, 5 j ( m s )

Tr li 1.4
Theo bi ta c:

1.5

dv
= 2 8x
dt

y ta cn bit s ph thuc ca v vo x, do
ta thay dt bng dx: dt = dx v
dv
vdv = ( 2 8x )dx
= 2 8x
dx v
Tch phn hai v, iu kin ban u:
v( x )

vdv =

( 2 8x )dx
0

v = vmax khi x = 0,25 ( m )

v 2 ( x ) = 4x 8x 2

Mt can khi lng m ang chuyn ng thng

vi vn tc v0 th tt my. Bit rng lc cn ca
nc ln can c biu thc F = kv2 , hy tm biu
thc ca vn tc can theo qung ng s i
c t lc tt my.

Hng dn 1.5

1.6

Dng nh lut 2 Newton tm gia tc, sau

lm tng t nh cu 1.4, ta c kt qu:

Mt cht im chuyn ng trn ng trn vi

vn tc u bng khng v gia tc gc khng i
= 2 (rad/s2). Lc t = 1 (s) th cht im c vn
tc v = 4 (m/s). Tm bn knh ng trn.

v (s ) =

k
s
m
v0e

Tr li 1.6

Tr li 1.6 (tt)

Lin h gia qung ng i c v gc quay:

s = R
Ly o hm theo thi gian:

Trong ta dng iu kin ban u, v bit

gia tc gc l hng s.
Suy ra bn knh ng trn:
v (t )
R=
t
Lc t = 1 (s) th v = 4 (m/s), do :

ds
d
=R
dt
dt

v = R

dv
d
dv
=R
at =
= R
dt
dt
dt
T h thc (1) suy ra:
v(t )

dv = R dt
0

v ( t ) = Rt

(1)

R=

v (t = 1)
2 1

4
= 2(m )
2

1.7
Mt vt c nm ngang t trn cao. Vn tc vt
khi chm t hp vi phng ngang mt gc 60
v c ln 30 (m/s). Ly g = 10 (m/s2) v b
qua sc cn ca khng kh. Tm bn knh cong
ca qu o ti im chm t.

Tr li 1.7
Lc chm t, gia tc tip
tuyn hp vi phng
ngang mt gc ,
cng chnh l gc gia
gia tc php tuyn v gia
tc ton phn g.

at
an

Ta c:

v2
an = g cos
= g cos
R
v2
302
=
= 180 ( m )
R=
g cos
10 cos 60

1.8

Tr li 1.8

Mt bnh xe quay chm dn u, trong thi gian

1 pht vn tc gc ca n gim t 300
(vng/pht) xung cn 180 (vng/pht). Tm gia
tc gc ca bnh xe v s vng n quay c
trong thi gian 1 pht y.

T biu thc ca gia tc gc: d = dt

Chn t = 0 lc vn tc gc bng 300 (v/ph), tch
phn t t = 0 n lc t bt k:
( t )

dw = dt

( t ) = 0 + t

Suy ra gia tc gc: = ( ( t ) 0 ) t

Lc t = 60 (s) th = 180 (v/ph), do :

( 180 300 ) ( 2
60

60 )

= 0,21( rad s 2 )

Tr li 1.8 (tt)

1.9

T biu thc ca vn tc gc: d = dt

Tch phn t t = 0 n lc t bt k:
( t )

d =

dt

Mt vt chuyn ng cong n v
tr M th c vn tc v gia tc nh
hnh v. Kt lun no sau y l
ng:
A. Vt s chuyn ng chm dn
v bn tri (T).
B. Vt s chuyn ng nhanh dn
v bn tri (T).
C. Vt s chuyn ng chm dn
v bn phi (P).
D. Vt s chuyn ng nhanh dn
v bn phi (P).

( 0 + t )dt
0

Suy ra gc quay sau thi gian t:

( t ) = 0t + 21 t 2

Thay t = 60 (s) ta c:
= 480 ( rad ) = 240 ( vong )

Tr li 1.9
Gia tc tip tuyn ngc
chiu vi vn tc: vt chuyn
ng chm dn.
Vn tc M hng sang phi.
Kt lun: Vt s chuyn ng
chm dn v bn phi (P).
Tr li: D

v
(T)
(P)

1.10
v
(T)
(P)

an

at
a

Mt vt ri t do, trong 2 (s)

cui cng trc khi chm t
ri c mt qung ng di
60 (m). Cho g = 10 (m/s2). Vt
ri t cao bao nhiu?

hd
t=0
d

v
t = 2s
y

Tr li 1.10
Chn t = 0 lc vt cch mt t mt khong d
v c vn tc v (hnh v).
Sau thi gian t th vt chm t, do :

Tr li 1.10
Sau khi ri mt qung h d, vt c vn tc:

v 2 = 2g ( h d )
Suy ra cao h:

d = 21 gt 2 + vt

Suy ra vn tc v: v =

d 21 gt 2
t

Thay d = 60 (m) v t = 2 (s) ta c:

v2
h=
+d
2g
h = 80 ( m )

60 5 22
v=
= 20 ( m s )
2

1.11

Tr li 1.11

Cho hai vt A v B ri t do t cng mt cao,

vt A ri trc vt B. Cho g = 10 (m/s2). Sau 2 (s)
k t lc vt B ri, khong cch gia hai vt l 60
(m). Vt B ri sau vt A bao lu?

Chn trc y hng xung v gc thi gian lc

vt B bt u ri, ta c:
yB = 21 gt 2
Trc mt qung thi gian t0 vt A bt
u ri, do :
2
yA = 21 g ( t + t0 )
Lc t = 2 (s) th khong cch gia hai vt l 60
(m), suy ra:
1g
2

( 2 + t0 )

21 g ( 2 ) = 60

t0 = 2 ( s )

2.1

Tr li 2.1 - 1

Cho c h nh hnh v. H s
ma st gia m v M, gia M
v sn l k. M chuyn
ng u, trc khi m ri
khi n, th F phi tha:
A. F = kMg
B. F = k(M+m)g
C. F = kmg
D. F = k(M+2m)g

a. Lc F ko M sang tri, do
hai lc ma st f1 t
mt bn, v f2 t m, u
hng sang phi.
b. m chu phn lc vung
gc N2 t M, v vy s p
xung M mt lc trc
i.
c. M cng tc ng vo m
mt lc bng f2, hng
sang tri.

Tr li 2.1 - 2
Dng nh lut 2 Newton
trn phng x, y cho hai
vt, lu l m ng yn:

N2

f1
Mg
N2
T
f2

mg

y
x

Tr li 2.1 - 3
f2

N1

C th tm sc cng dy T t (3) v (4):

T = kmg

N2

f1

Ma = F k ( N 1 + N 2 ) (1)

0 = N 1 Mg N 2

(2)

0 = kN 2 T

(3)

0 = N 2 mg

(4)

f2

Nhn (2) v (4) vi k v

cng tt c, ta c:

Ma = F k ( M + m ) g T

f2

N1

Lu khi phn tch lc:

Mg

Do :
Ma = F k ( M + 2m ) g

mg

Khi M chuyn ng u th a = 0, lc F phi

tha:
F = k ( M + 2m ) g
Tr li: D

N2
T

2.2

Tr li 2.1

Mt vt khi lng m = 100 (kg) s chuyn ng

u ln trn mt mt nghing c gc nghing =
30 nu chu tc ng ca lc ko F = 600 (N) dc
theo mt nghing. Khi th vt ra, vt s chuyn
ng xung vi gia tc bng bao nhiu?

Khi ko ln, dng d liu

ca bi ta thy mgsin <
F.
V vy vt trt u khi
ko ln th phi c ma st
sao cho tng lc trn mt
nghing (phng Ox) bng
khng:

y
x

mg

0 = F mg sin kmg cos (1)

Lu : f = kN = kmgcos

Tr li 2.1 (tt)

2.3
y

Ngc li khi vt trt

xung ta c:
x

ma = mg sin kmg cos (2)

N
f

Ly (2) tr (1) ta c:

ma = 2mg sin F
F
a = 2g sin
m

a = 4 (m s2 )

mg

Vt m c ko trt u
nh trn hnh v. H s ma
st gia m v mt nghing l
k. F l nh nht th gc
phi tha iu kin no sau
y?
A. = arcsink
B. = arccosk
C. = arctank
D. = arccotk

Tr li 2.3

2.4

y
nh lut 2 Newton trn x,
x
y khi vt trt u:
0 = F cos mg sin kN (1)
F
0 = N + F sin mg cos (2)
N

(1) + k (2) cho ta:

sin + k cos
f
F = mg
cos + k sin
mg

iu kin i vi F
cc tiu:
dF
= 0 = arctan k
Tr li: C
d

Mt vt khi lng m c th
trt khng ma st trn
mt nghing ca mt nm.
Hi phi y nm trt
sang phi vi gia tc ti
thiu A bng bao nhiu
m ng yn i vi nm.

Nu A < gtan th Fqt

khng to cn
bng: m trt xung.

Tr li 2.4 (tt)
y

Trong h quy chiu gn

lin vi nm m c gia tc
bng khng, v chu lc
qun tnh hng ngc
chiu gia tc A.
nh lut 2 trn x cho:
0 = mg sin mA cos
A = g tan

mA
mg

Cng c th xt h quy
chiu mt t.
Khi m ng yn i vi
nm, gia tc ca m i vi
mt t cng l A,
do nh lut 2 Newton
trn phng x cho ta:

mA cos = mg sin
A = g tan

Tr li 2.4

A
mg

Mt vt khi lng m c th
trt khng ma st trn
mt nghing ca mt nm. A
Nm trt sang tri vi gia
tc khng i A. Gia tc A
phi tha iu kin g m
ng yn i vi nm?

Tr li 2.5
m

Tr li 2.5 (tt)

Ngc li, vt s ri khi

nm khi:
A g cot
Du = l khi N bt u
bng khng.

N
mA
mg

2.6
y

tm N ta dng nh
lut 2 Newton trn
phng y:
0 = N + mA sin mg cos
N = m ( g cos A sin )
N > 0 A < g cot

Trong h quy chiu gn

lin vi nm m c gia tc
bng khng, v chu lc
qun tnh hng ngc
chiu gia tc A.
Fqt c xu hng lm vt
ri khi nm v pha
phi. Xu hng ny cng
tng khi A cng ln.
Khi N > 0 th m cn p ln
nm, tc l cn cha ri.

2.5

mA
mg

Cho c h nh hnh v, khi

lng rng rc v dy treo
khng ng k, M = 1 (kg), m
= 0,5 (kg), g = 10 (m/s2). p
lc gia M v m l:
A. 4 (N)
B. 5 (N)
C. 6 (N)
D. 0 (N)

m
M

Hng dn 2.6

2.7

y l my Atwood vi khi lng

(m + M) v M hai nhnh. Nhnh
phi s i xung vi gia tc (xem
bi ging):
m
a =g
2M + m
Khi m p vo M mt lc, th M tc
ng ngc li mt lc trc i,
chnh l phn lc vung gc N.
tm N, ta dng nh lut 2
Newton cho m. Tr li: 4 (N)

mg
y

Tr li 2.7
Dng nh lut 2 Newton cho m
trn phng x, y, lu l vt c
gia tc A hng sang phi:

mA = N
0 = f mg
T (2) ta c:
f = mg

m
A

2.8
f
N

(1)
(2)

Cho c h nh hnh v. H s
ma st gia vt m v b mt
thng ng ca khi vung l
k = 0,1. Cho g = 10 (m/s2).
m khng trt xung, cn cho
khi vung chuyn ng sang
phi vi gia tc A ti thiu l
bao nhiu?

mg
y

x
Ma st tnh phi tha iu kin:
f kN
mg
g
N
A
Amin = 100 ( m s 2 )
k
k

Cho h nh hnh v. Gi a0,

a1, a2 l gia tc ca m0, m1,
m2 i vi h quy chiu mt
t. Tm h thc lin h
gia ba gia tc.

m0

m1

m2

Tr li 2.8

Tr li 2.8 (tt)

Chiu di dy treo qua

rng rc 2:
l = ( y1 y 0 ) + ( y2 y 0 )
l khng i v dy khng
co dn, v vy nu ly o
hm hai ln biu thc
trn theo thi gian ta
c:

0=

d 2y1
2

d 2y2
2

O
2

y0
y1
y2

a0 l gia tc rng rc 2, cng chnh l gia tc

ca m0, v dy treo qua rng rc 1 cng c
chiu di khng i.
Do h thc gia gia tc ca ba vt l:
a1 + a2 = 2a 0

d 2y 0

dt
dt
dt 2
0 = a1 + a2 2a 0

2.9
Mt xe trt khi lng m
trt xung t nh mt
ngn i hnh bn cu ph
y tuyt (khng ma st).
Gi s vn tc ban u ca
xe l khng ng k.
Hy tm gc ng vi khi
xe bt u ri khi ngn i.

Tr li 2.9 - 1
Dng nh lut Newton 2
trn phng php tuyn
v tr c gc lch :
m v 2 R = mg cos N
N = m ( g cos v 2 R )

Khi vt trt xung th

vn tc v tng dn, do
N gim dn.
n khi N = 0 th vt bt
u ri khi ngn i.

mg

Tr li 2.9 - 3

Tr li 2.9 - 2
Khi :

v 2 = gR cos (1)
tm v ta dng nh l
ng nng gia v tr c
gc lch v v tr ban
u:
1 mv 2 = mgh
2

= mgR ( 1 cos )
Suy ra:

v 2 = 2gR ( 1 cos )

(2)

T (1) v (2) ta c:
2gR ( 1 cos ) = gR cos

mg

2
3
= cos1 ( 2 3 ) 48
cos =

Lc y cao tnh t nh i l:

2 R
h = R 1 =

3
3

2.10
Cho hai lc:
F1 = yi
F2 = xi + yj

Lc no l lc th?

Tr li 2.10
Cng s cp ca hai lc:
dW1 = ydx

dW2 = xdx + ydy = 21 d ( x 2 + y 2 )

Cng trong mt dch chuyn ln:

ydx
W2 = 21 d ( x 2 + y 2 )
W1 =

= 21 ( x 2 + y 2 )

W1 ph thuc y(x): thay i theo qu o, F1

khng phi l lc th.
W2 ch ph thuc v tr u v cui, F2 l lc th.