The Jim Crow Laws

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the
United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They
mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities
in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with a
supposedly "separate but equal" status for black
Americans. The separation led to treatment, financial
support and accommodations that were usually inferior
to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a
number of economic, educational and social
disadvantages. De jure segregation mainly applied to the
Southern United States. Northern segregation was
generally de facto, with patterns of segregation in
housing enforced by covenants, bank lending practices,
and job discrimination, including discriminatory union
practices for decades.
Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of
public schools, public places, and public transportation,
and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and
drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S.
military was also segregated. These Jim Crow Laws
were separate from the 18001866 Black Codes, which

had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties

of African Americans. State-sponsored school
segregation was declared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v.
Board of Education. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow
laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964[1]
and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This famous painting
by Norman Rockwell is entitled "the problem we all live
with".
In The Problem We All Live With, Rockwell explored
segregation. The work graced the cover of Look in 1964.
Note the racial slurs on the wall and the stains from
thrown tomatoes, as well as the fact that the little girl is
escorted to school by faceless Federal Marshals.

The Jim Crow Laws were created in the 19th

century.
Jim Crow is a racist nickname to refer to a black
person.
The Jim Crow laws started racial segregation. It
was forbidden for black people:
to eat in restaurants where white people ate.

 to wait in the same rooms in train or bus

stations.
to wash their clothes in the same laundries.
to sit at the front of buses.
to sit next to a white person in a movie theatre
(they had to sit upstairs in the balcony).
The Jim Crow Laws were enforced until 1965.