K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

PHT TRIN CC NG DNG GIS V WEB-GIS S DNG PHN

MM M NGUN M
(DEVELOPING GIS AND WEBGIS APPLICATION USING OPEN SOURCE
SOFTWARE)
Trn Nam Phong, Thnh Long, Trn Thi Bnh1
Trung tm Vin thm v H thng tin a l (GIRS)Vin a l Ti Nguyn Tp.H Ch Minh (VAST)Vin Hn lm Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam;
a ch: 1 Mc nh Chi, P.Bn Ngh, Q.1, TP.HCM;
in thoi:0976614585 Email: namphongit@yahoo.com
Tm tt: Ngy nay vic s dng cc d liu a l trong hu ht cc ng dng ngy mt pht
trin v chnh v th, h thng thng tin a l (GIS) l lnh vc nghin cu pht trin c quan
tm trong thi gian gn y.
Lnh vc phn mm ng dng GIS pht trin mt cch nhanh chng trn th gii trong vng
10 nm qua. Bn cnh cc sn phm thng mi, ng dng m ngun m GIS ngy mt ph
bin hn trong cc hc vin, lnh vc kinh doanh, v cc n v hnh chnh cng. GIS khi c
kt hp vi mng li thng tin ton cu (www) s cung cp cc thng tin cn thit n rt
nhiu ngi trn th gii. Cc ng dng GIS da trn web (WebGIS) tr nn ph bin v s
dng d dng v n gin. Thng qua cc trnh duyt,ng dng GIS da trn web c th hin th
bn nhng ta nh , khu rng , cc con ng v h thng giao thng. GIS m ngun m v
cng ngh GIS trn nn web cung cp cc th vin m, cc plugin chng trnh m v cc
hng dn cho chng ta c th truy cp v sa i mt cch t do. Vi tt c u th trn,
trong tng lai vic s dng cc phn mm m ngun m pht trin cc ng dng GIS v
WebGIS tr thnh mt xu th ph bin.
Bi vit ny gii thiu mt s ng dng GIS v WEBGIS dng phn mm m ngun m cng
tm hiu, tho lun v a ra cc kt lun.
Abstract: Today the usage of geographical data is increasing in most of applications and due to
this, Geographic information systems (GIS) becomes interest area for research nowadays.
GIS software sector has developed rapidly over the last ten years. Beside commercial products,
open source GIS are more and more popular in academia, business, and public administration
sections. GIS is combined with the World Wide Web (WWW) to provide information to a lot of
people. Web-based GIS (WebGIS) applications have gained popularity because of their easy use
and simplicity. Through browsers, Web GIS applications can display maps with features like
buildings, forests, roads and even traffic. Open Source GIS and Web-GIS technology provided
open libraries, open plugins, open source code and tutorials for us to be able to freely access
and modify. So having all the above features, in future, using the open source softwares to
develop GIS and Web-GIS is a popular trend.
This paper presents some developed GIS and Web-GIS applications using open source
softwares, following with discussions and conclusions.
Keywords: GIS, Web-GIS, Opensource
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K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

1. T VN
Cc h thng GIS ngy cng pht trin v chc nng ln cc nn tng ng dng, trong cc
gii php GIS trn nn tng Web ngy cng ph bin bi tnh linh hot, d tip cn i vi ngi
dng, tnh ph bin, cp nht v tit kim khi trin khai. y l mt hng pht trin t ph ca
GIS da trn s k tha cc thnh tu nhy vt ca cng ngh thng tin ni chung v cng ngh
Web ni ring.
Phn mm ngun m l phn mm vi m ngun c cng b v s dng mt giy php
ngun m (GNU Public License). Giy php ny cho php bt c ai cng c th nghin cu, thay
i v ci tin phn mm, v phn phi phn mm dng cha thay i hoc thay i.
ng dng cc phn mm GIS m ngun m (Open Source GIS - OSG) vo vic xy dng
cc h thng GIS gip tit kim rt nhiu chi ph trin khai h thng nhng vn m bo c hiu
qu hot ng, cung cp cc chc nng phong ph cho ngi dng, li va ph hp vi nh
hng pht trin ca nh nc.
Cng vi s pht trin nhanh v mng internet cng nh vic qun l bn quyn ngy cng
cht ch th ng dng phn mm m ngun m ngy cng pht trin mnh m trong tng lai, c
bit l trong lnh vc vin thm v GIS.
2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU
2.1. ng dng GIS m ngun m (OSG)
2.1.1. Khi qut chung
ng dng GIS m ngun m l cc ng dng c s dng trong lnh vc vin thm v GIS
m tha mn c 2 c im: t do v ngun m. Cc ng dng u c c im quan trng l m
ngun m, tc l m ngun c cng b rng ri cho cng ng bit m khng v li v cung
cp cho ngi s dng 4 quyn t do: quyn s dng (usage), sao chp (copy), nghin cu (study),
sa i (change).
2.1.2. Cc li ch ca OSG so vi cc phn mm thng mi
Tnh kinh t: Li ch ca phn mm ngun m th hin r nht tnh kinh t, s dng OSG
gip tit kim c ngun tin khng l, ngun tin tit kim trn s gip cc nc ang pht trin
hn ch c hin tng chy mu cht xm (Peeling & Satchell 2001).
Tnh n nh v ng tin cy: Cc OSG thng n nh v ng tin cy v l kt lun t
nhng cuc phn tch, nh gi v so snh vi cc phn mm ngun ng. [10]
Mc u t thp : Mt trong nhng ng c quan trng khin cc quc gia ang pht trin s
dng OSG chnh l chi ph khng l ca giy php s dng cc phn mm ng. V hu nh ton
b phn mm ca cc nc ang pht trin u c nhp khu, tin mua nhng phn mm ny s
lm tiu hao qu d tr ngoi t ht sc qu bu m l ra c th c s dng hiu qu hn cho
nhng mc tiu pht trin khc. Cng trnh phn mm ngun m t do: nghin cu v kho st cn
cho thy m hnh phn mm ngun m ny thin nhiu hn v dch v cng vi chi ph thp (ph
h tr, nng cp, ph o to .) nhng u r hn phn mm ngun ng rt nhiu, do chi ph
cho chng cng l phc v nhng hot ng ca c quan Chnh ph ch khng phi cho mc
ch li nhun ca cc cng ty a quc gia.
Trnh vic vi phm bn quyn, quyn s hu tr tu, v tnh tun th WTO: Nn sao chp
phn mm bn quyn l vn m hu nh quc gia no trn th gii cng gp phi. Ngay vi cc
quc gia pht trin, ni m trn l thuyt gi phn mm cn va ti tin ngi dn, t l sao chp
phn mm vn mc rt cao (24% M v 35% Chu u). Ti cc quc gia ang pht trin,
ni m mc thu nhp thp khin cho phn mm tr thnh mt th hng xa x, th t l sao chp c
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K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

th t ti 90%. Nn sao chp phn mm v h thng lut php lng lo s gy thit hi cho mt
quc gia trn nhiu phng din. Quc gia no yu trong vic thc thi bo v quyn s hu tr tu
s km hp dn vi cc nh u t nc ngoi. Quyn gia nhp WTO v kh nng tip cn nhng
li ch m t chc ny mang li b nh hng kh nhiu bi mc bo v quyn s hu tr tu
m mt quc gia t c, vic s dng OSG u mang tnh cht t do nn khng b nh hng
bi nhng quy nh v tun th ny.
Bn a ha: Bn a ho l mt trong nhng lnh vc ni OSG t r u th ca mnh. Ngi
s dng chng c th t do sa i phn mm tr nn thch ng vi nhng nhu cu ring bit
ca mt khu vc vn ho c th, bt k quy m kinh t ca khu vc .
Kh nng ty bin v khng l thuc vo nh cung cp: Cc doanh nghip c th bin i
mt phn ca OSG bin chng ph hp vi nhng nhu cu ca mnh. Nh vo tnh m ca cc
m ngun m ngi s dng ch cn thay i m ngun t c tnh nng nh mun m
khng ph thuc vo nh cung cp. H khng th lm c iu vi cc phn mm c bn
quyn.
Trin khai d dng v to s pht trin nng lc ngnh cng nghip a phng: Do cc OSG
u p ng c nhng c im trn nn vic trin khai cc OSG n cc t chc, trng hc
u d dng v nhanh chng. Ngoi ra cc OSG cn to iu kin cho cc sinh vin, nh khoa hc
nghin cu trc tip da trn m ngun phn mm v pht trin cc ng dng phc v cho x hi
v cng ng, gip to nng lc pht trin cc ngnh kinh t ca a phng.
2.1.3. Mt s im mnh ca OSG so vi cc phn mm m ngun ng
Bng 1. Bng so snh 1 s tnh nng ni bt ca OSG v phn mm m ngun ng
Phn mm ngun m GIS (OSG) (V d:
MapServer, GeoServer, Quantum GIS,... )
Bn quyn
M ngun m
OS h tr. [12]
dch v WFS: dung
lng file ti trung
bnh/ Thi gian p
ng. [7]

Min ph
C
Phn ln HH (Windows, Linux, Mac OSX,...)
Ln/Nhanh

Phn mm m ngun
ng (V d: ArcGIS
Server, ...)
C bn quyn
Khng
Ch h tr
Windows,Linux
Nh/Chm

2.2. Cc m hnh OSG hot ng trn my trm (Client)

2.2.1. Khi qut chung
Cc phn mm OSG chy trn my trm l phng tin ngi s dng khai thc, x l v
hin th thng tin. So vi cc phn mm chy trn my ch th cc phn mm OSG chy trn my
trm a dng hn rt nhiu c v s lng ln chc nng. Cc phn mm OSG ph bin nht hin
nay l : Grass, Quantum GIS (QGIS), uDIG, gvSIG, OpenJUMP, MapWindow,KOSMO, Ilwis....
Nhm tc gi s la chn phn mm QGIS nghin cu n c cc li th nh sau:
a) Giao din n gin d s dng.
b) C hu ht cc chc nng ca mt OSG.
c) c pht trin trn nn b th vin API (dng C++) ngun m c km
hng dn chi tit phc v vic lp trnh.
d) Tch hp cc plugin chc nng m ngun m c pht trin bng ngn ng
python v C++ nn h tr tt cho vic nghin cu v pht trin trong vic tip cn cc ng
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K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

dng OSG. Cc plugin ny c xy dng v pht trin bi cc t chc v c nhn phi li nhun
di dng th vin lin kt ng DLL hoc m ngun python . Plugin c qun l bi trnh qun
l cc plugin cho php download v t server (QGIS Official Plugin Repository) ti a ch:
http://plugins.qgis.org/plugins
e) C i ng pht trin mnh. H lin tc ci tin giao din v nng cp th vin
API gip cho vic s dng v pht trin ng dng trn QGIS c thun tin hn.
2.2.2. Cu trc API ca QGIS
Chng trnh ngun m QGIS c pht trin bng ngn ng C++ nn th vin cc hm
API ca n tng thch tt cho vic pht trin cc ng dng v plugin bng ngn ng ny. Ngoi
ra cn c th dng ngn ng Python pht trin.
V c bn , phn mm QGIS c cu to t cc lp th vin c bn sau:
Th vin QGIS Core: cha tt c thnh phn x l c bn ca GIS.
Th vin QGIS Gui: cha tt c cc thnh phn giao din c bn ca QGIS.
Th vin QGIS Analysis: Cung cp cc tool phn tch cho d liu khng gian dng raster
v vector ca chng trnh.

Hnh 1. M hnh cc lp th vin chc nng ca QGIS

(Ngun: (QGIS.org 2006))
2.2.3. Xy dng 1 Plugin
xy dng 1 Plugin cho QGIS ta c th p dng 2 cch:
Cch 1: S dng Plugin Plugin Builder c sn ca QGIS to plugin dng Project
Python.
Cch 2: Vit 1 Plugin dng project C++ cho QGIS s dng b ci QT (http://qtproject.org/downloads) hoc dng Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 vi ti liu tham kho sau :
Quantum GIS Coding and Compilation Guide.
2.3. Cc m hnh OSG hot ng trn my ch (Server)
2.3.1. Khi nim v Web-GIS
Web-GIS l mt ng dng GIS chy trn nn Web (Web-based), n k tha y cc c
tnh ca c 2 nn tng nh s tin li, kh nng truy cp mi lc mi ni, gi thnh thp, d dng
phn phi, chia s, cp nht sn phm, giao din thn thuc vi ngi dng ca Web ln kh nng
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K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

tm kim, phn tch, th hin bn , tr gip a ra quyt nh tt ca GIS.

2.3.2. Cc phn mm m ngun m trong h thng Web-GIS
2.3.2.1. Khi qut chung
WebGIS c xem nh l mt h thng thng tin a l c phn b qua mi trng
mng my tnh tch hp, phn phi v truyn ti thng tin a l trc tuyn trn Internet
Cc li ch ca Web-GIS:
C kh nng phn phi thng tin a l rng ri trn ton cu.
Ngi dng Intenet c th truy cp n cc ng dng GIS m khng phi mua phn
mm.
i vi phn ln ngi dng khng c kinh nghim v GIS th vic s dng Web GIS s n gin hn vic s dng cc ng dng GIS loi khc.
Phng thc hot ng ca Web-GIS:
Server side: cho php ngi dng gi yu cu ly d liu v phn tch trn my ch.
My ch s thc hin cc yu cu v gi tr d liu hoc kt qu cho ngi dng.
Client side: cho php ngi dng thc hin vi thao tc phn tch trn d liu ti
chnh my ngi dng.
Server v client: kt hp hai phng thc server side v client side phc v nhu
cu ca ngi dng.
2.3.2.2. Phn mm Web Server
Hin nay cc phn mm Web Server rt ph bin, trong lnh vc ny cc phn mm m
ngun m pht trin rt rng ri vi cc chc nng cao cp khng thua km cc sn phm thng
mi, cho hiu sut lm vic tng ng, c th k n nh Apache tomcat, Apache Http, Abyss
Web Server, c bit Apache Http cho hiu sut lm vic cao, n nh. T thng 4 nm 1996
Apache tr thnh mt phn mm Web Server m ngun m ph bin nht hin nay.
Apache Http c th chy trn c 2 nn tng h iu hnh ph bin nht hin nay l Window
v Linux.
2.3.2.3. Phn mm qun tr c s d liu
C rt nhiu h qun tr c s d liu khc nhau nh: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server,
PostgreSQL, trong PostgreSQL l h qun tr c s d liu khng gian m ngun m mnh
nht hin nay, cho php lu tr cc d liu khng gian v phi khng gian.
2.3.2.4. Phn mm MapServer
Vi cc li ch m Web-GIS mang li, hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm cho gii php Map
Server, bao gm c c ph v khng c ph, c th k n nh phn mm ArcGIS Server ca Esri,
Mapxtreme ca Pitney Bowes, phn mm MapServer, Geo Server, Trong MapServer, mt
phn mm m ngun m p ng c cc yu cu ca mt phn mm MapServer nh kh nng
chu ti, hiu sut lm vic cao, hiu qu, h tr y cc chun dch v MapServer c bn nh
WMS, WFS, WCS, WMC,SLD, GML(MapServer.org n.d.)
Bng 2. So snh hiu sut lm vic gia ArcServer v MapServer

K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

(Ngun: (Geography n.d.))

2.3.3. M hnh hot ng ca h thng Web-GIS
Cc h thng Web-GIS u hot ng theo m hnh my ch - my khch (Server - Client)
Trong , yu cu t ngi dng pha my khch s c gi n my ch, ti y, cc
phn mm my ch khc nhau s x l cc yu cu ny v tr kt qu v cho my khch hin
th ln trnh duyt web (browser).

Hnh 2. M hnh hot ng ca mt h thng Web-GIS

Cc phn mm chnh ti my ch ca mt h thng Web-GIS bao gm:
- Phn mm WebServer: Lm nhim v x l cc yu cu t pha my khch, sau cp
pht nhng trang Web tng ng.
- Cc phn mm qun tr c s d liu: Ni qun tr d liu cho mt ng dng, h tr kh
nng lu tr, sa cha, xa v tm kim trong tin trong mt c s d liu
- Cc phn mm MapServer: Ni x l yu cu t client, tr v kt qu l cc bn hay d
liu a l.
2.4. Kt qu nghin cu
2.4.1. ng dng Desktop
Phn mm qun l im kho c: ng dng xy dng trn nn QGIS m ngun m gip s
ha cc thng tin a im kho c ca khu vc tnh Bnh Phc (VD : Cc hnh nh kho c, hnh
nh hin vt, hin trng, video v cc thng tin m t c lin quan,..) gip cho vic truy xut v
cp nht d liu cc v tr kho c d dng v nhanh chng.
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K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

Hnh 3. Giao din ng dng qun l im kho c tnh Bnh Phc s dng Plugin ca QGIS
Phn mm xy dng bn nhy cm mi trng: ng dng cho php thnh lp bn
nhy cm mi trng khu vc ven b cc tnh Nam B trn c s tng hp cc thng tin v mi
trng kinh t x hi ca khu vc c lin quan lm c s cnh bo tai bin mi trng, gip
ngi s dng qun l tt d liu (cho php cp nht, chnh sa) v c th la chn a ra phng
n mt cch nhanh chng khi xy ra s c trn du v gp phn gim nguy hi khi c s c trn
du xy ra.

Hnh 4. Giao din ng dng xy dng bn nhy cm mi trng s dng Plugin ca QGIS
Phn mm phn tch iu ha, d bo triu v m phng thay i ng b: Xy dng cng
c vi cc chc nng chnh nh phn tch, d bo triu v m phng ng b bin tng ng vi
mc nc triu khu vc b bin Cn Gi thnh ph H Ch Minh.Nhm h tr cho cng tc
phn tch v d bo triu cho cc nh nghin cu, cc k s v nhng ngi quan tm trong cc
lnh vc lin quan.

K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

Hnh 5. Giao din ng dng xy dng phn mm phn tch iu ha, d bo triu v m phng
thay i ng b vc b bin Cn Gi thnh ph H Ch Minh s dng Plugin ca QGIS
2.4.2. ng dng Web-GIS
Vi li th v ca GIS l c th th hin cc i tng a l ln trn nn web mt cch trc
quan nht, qua gip ngi dng d hnh dung ra ni dung nh cung cp mun truyn ti, pht
huy cc th mnh ca nn tng web l kh nng cp nht thng tin tc thi cho ton h thng, ph
bin chia s thng tin n mi ngi d dng. Web-GIS c th c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh
vc khc nhau cung cp cho ngi dng nhng thng tin v a l, ti nguyn cho n vn ha,
x hi
Vi cc li ch trn, nhm tc gi xy dng cc sn phm Web-GIS nhm cung cp cc
thng tin kh tng, thy vn, ng dng trin khai cung cp cc thng tin kho c di dng WebGIS,... nhm tng kh nng tip cn, a dng ha hnh thc th hin mang n s tin dng cho
ngi dng.
Vic kt hp cc thng tin v a phng tin nh hnh nh, m thanh, video gip cho vic
cung cp thng tin tr nn hp dn, ni dung y , a dng hn cho ngi dng. Nn tng WebGIS m ngun m ang tr thnh mt hng pht trin mi, mnh m v ha hn y tim nng
ng dng vi vic kt hp cc cc s kin, s vic, i tng vi yu t khng gian ca chng,
a n cho ngi dng ci nhn mi v cc gii php GIS v Web ni ring.

K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

Hnh 6. Mt s sn phm Web-GIS c xy dng theo m hnh bi bo nu ra

3. Tho lun
Cc phn mm m GIS ngun m c nhng bc pht trin mnh m trong nhng nm
gn y. Nhn c s quan tm ca ng o cng ng lp trnh vin trnth gii, cc phn
mm loi ny khng ngng m rng chc nng v phm vi ng dng, tr thnh i th cnh
tranh trc tip ca cc phn mm thng mi.
Cng ngh m ngun m l cc phn mm, th vin c cung cp min ph, sn sng s
dng, chnh sa v ti phn phi ty thuc vo nhu cu ngi dng.Vic ng dng cng ngh m
ngun m trong GIS xy dng chng trnh phn mm qun l thng tin, phn mm gim st
mi trng v cc phn mm GIS khc ang ngy cng c y mnh v m ra mt hng pht
trin mi cho ngnh GIS, bn v vin thm ti Vit Nam. Nh c s h tr ca cc cng c
pht trin trn nn GIS m ngun m ny (VD: ng dng bn nhy cm, ng dng Website
gim st thi tit ) s nng cao nng lc cng tc ca cc t chc , c nhn trong lnh vc qun
l , gim st v a ra cc gii php ng ph kp thi.
Cc phn mm m ngun m c cc chc nng xy dng mt ng dng GIS hin i
vi chi ph u t ban u thp v kh nng ty bin h thng cao. Tuy nhin, chng c t cng c
tin ch h tr vic xy dng h thng hn v thng c nhiu li hn so vi cc phn mm
thng mi.
Bi bo khuyn co cc c quan chc nng nn xy dng ng dng GIS Vit Nam di
dng m ngun m c th d dng nng cp pht trin h thng bng kh nng thu ht s tham
gia ca cng ng lp trnh vin trong nc v quc t.

K YU HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2014

Ti liu tham kho

Book (sch)
[1]. Peeling, N. & Satchell, J., 2001. Analysis of the impact of open source software. QinetiQ Ltd.
QINETIQ/KI/SEB/CR010223.
,
(October).
Available
at:
http://www.math.unipd.it/~bellio/Analysis of the Impact of Open Source Software.pdf [Accessed
October 30, 2014].
[2]. Trn Quc Bnh, 2012. Kh nng ng dng cc phn mm GIS m ngun m trong xy dng h
thng thng tin t ai, Bi bo khoa hc, khoa a l, trng HKHTN, HQG H Ni.
[3]. Quantum GIS Coding and Compilation Guide Version 1.5.0.
[4]. Trn Nht Thng, 2012. ng dng phn mm m ngun m GIS trong c quan nh nc, Chi
nhnh cc CNTT ti TP.HCM.
[5]. Peeling & Satchell, QinetiQ, 2001, "Analysis of the Impact of Open Source Software".

Online Source (ti liu trc tuyn)

[6]. GBdirect, Benefits of Using Open Source Software. Available at: http://opensource.gbdirect.co.uk/migration/benefit.html.
[7]. Geography, D., ArcGIS server vs. Open Source GIS solutions. Available at: http://www.digitalgeography.com/arcGIS-server-vs-open-source-GIS-solutions/.
[8]. Mapserver.org, OGC Support and Configuration. Available at: http://www.mapserver.org/ogc/.
[9]. QGIS.org,
2006.
QGIS
Application
Developers
Corner.
Available
at:
http://hub.qGIS.org/projects/quantum-GIS/wiki/Developers_Corner.
[10].Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS) at:
http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html .
[11].Web Map Service. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2013, from OpenGeoSpatial:
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms
[12].Comparison
of
Open
Source
GIS
and
Closed
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G#gid=0

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