huGio boty, La ate 98) = es Lal Volume | or = x a ° si RUS 2 4c. Control os ree gate BH ann & fle ot 7 a jon hese Laut An%o . hele snp Tahe Barce (normrallip gars mth anpebant poy ke wafer” _— Many rmntobs . Tennof ong roto Fbwr oebtents | - » bao radon beth : : n Antinna B- RPA aloo ww Fy bpmFIGURE 5 Double-conversion RF section. Frequencies of channel 4 in the C8 band. 16.31 MHz 10.24 MHz Variable Fixed DOUBLE-CONVERSION RECEIVERS Receivers in the high-frequency RF range are more likely than low-frequency receivers to incorporate double-conversion front-end circuitry. This is due in part to the wide frequency spread between the RF signal and the standard F value (455 kHz) and in part to the highly sensitive receivers (1 1V) used in high-frequency work. Figure 4.5 displays a double-conversion system. The frequencies and input levels of citizens band radio lend themselves to double conversion and so are used to illustrate this process. ‘The antenna input signal at 27.005 MHz (+5 kHz) is amplified by the RF amplifier and fed to the first mixer. The first local oscillator may be higher ot lower than the RF antenna signal in frequency. Figure 4.5 shows the oscillator set lower than the incoming signal frequency. The output frequencies of the first mixer are the two original input frequencies, 27.005 and 16.31 MHz, plus their sum and difference frequencies, 43.315 and 10.695 MHz. The band-pass filter between the two mixers will pass only the difference fre quency, 10.695 MHz (+5 kHz). The first local oscillator and the RF amplifie are linked through the channel selector, so that as one is adjusted, the others also. In this way, the signal passed through the filter between the two mixet will be at 10.695 MHz for all station selections. Mixer 2 always sees the samt signal frequencies at its inputs, 10.695 MHz from mixer 1 and 10.24 MHz fr