so2sr016 Protection and Relays used in Main Circuit Board ata Power Grid Svbstaton |EEP_ Menu Search for articles, softwar . me ee * Home # ‘Technical Acticles ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PORTAL naersusasan © PLC Training Electrical Software Subscriptions // 2 Kull Technical Article > New Articles Alerts DX Weekly Di lester Protection and Relays Used In Main Circuit Board at a Power Grid Substation i te Differential relay for transformer applications, Protection features include over-excitation (V/H2), under/over-voltage, phase overcurrent, negative-sequence overcurrent, and breaker fail-to-trip/fail-to-close indicators. (pic by thomasnet.com) 1. High speed biased differential relay tip eleccalengineering-portl.ccmiprolecton ancelays- i-board Wetorneo Protection and Relays used in Main Circult Board at a Power Grid Substation | EEP ‘The DMH type relay provides high speed biased differential protection for two or three winding transformers. ‘The relay is immune to high inrush current and has a high degree of stability against through faults, It requires a max of two cycles operating time for current above twice relay rated current, Instantaneous ‘overcurrent protection clears heavy internal faults immediately. This relay is available in two forms Firstly for use with time Cts, the ratios of line which are matched to the load current to give zero differential current under normal working conditions. Secondly with tapped interposing transformers for use with standard line current transformers of any ratio. 2. Directional inverse time overcurrent and earth fault relays ‘The CDD type telays are applied for directional or earth fault protection of ring mains, parallel transformers or parallel feeders with the time graded principle. It is induction disc type relay with induetion cup used to add directional feature. 3. Instantaneous voltage relay ‘The type VAG relay is an instantaneous protection against abnormal voltage conditions such as over voltage, under voltage or no voltage in AC and DC circuits and for definite time operation when used with a timer. It is an attracted armature type relay. 4. Auxiliary relays ‘The VAA/CAA type auxiliary relays are applied for control alarm, indication and other auxiliary duties in AC or DC systems. CAA is a current operated and VAA is a voltage operated relay.. it is attracted armature type, 5. High speed tripping relays ‘This VAJH type relay is employed with a high speed tripping duties where a number of simultancous switching operations ar ‘This is a fast operating multi contact attracted armature 6. Definite time delay relay ‘This VAT type relay is used in auto reclosing and control schemes and to provide a definite time feature for instantaneous protective relay. It is an Electro mechanical definite time relay. It has two pair of contacts. The shorter time setting is provided by a passing contact and longer time setting by the final contact 7. Trip ‘cuit supervision relay ‘This VAX relay is applied for after closing or continuous supervision of the trip circuit of circuit breakers. They detect the following conditions: hip elecrcal-engineering-portalccm/prooction andelays-in-main-circui-board 26toaioors Protection ar Relays used in Main Circuit Board a Power Grid Sustaton [EEP 1. Failure of trip relay 2. Open circuit of trip coil 3, Failure of mechanism to complete the tripping operation 8. Instantaneous over current and earth fault relay An instantaneous phase or earth fault protection and for definite time operation when used with a timer. It is a CAG 12/12G standard attracted armature relay with adjustable settings. It may be a single pole or triple pole relay. 9. Inverse time over current and earth fault relay ‘This CDG 11-type rel AC machines. Transformers, feeders etc. this is 2 non-directional relay with a definite minimum time which yy is applied for selective phase and earth fault protection in time graded systems for has an adjustable inverse time/current characteristics. It may be a single pole or triple pole relay. 10. Fuse failure relay ‘This VAP type relay is used to detect the failure or inadvertent removal of voltage transformer sec. fuses and to prevent incorrect tripping of circuit breaker. It is chrce units, instantancous attracted armature type relay the coil of each unit connected across one of the VT'. The secondary fuses under healthy conditions, the coil is SC by fuses and can’t be energized. But one or more fuses blow the coil is energized and relay operates. 11. Instantaneous high stability circulating current relay Ir is used to serve the following three purposes 1. Differential protection of Ac machines , reactors auto transformers and bus bars 2. Balanced and restricted earth fault protection of generator of generator and transformer windings 3. Transverse differential protection of generators and parallel feeders. This CAG type relay is a standard attracted armature relay. In circulating current protection schemes, the sudden and often asymmettical growth of the system curtent during external fault conditions can cause the protection current transformers to go into saturation, resulting in high unbalance current to insure stability under these conditions. ‘The modern practice is to use a voltage operated high impedance relay, set to operate at a voltage slightly higher than that developed by CT under max fault conditions, Hence this type f relay is used with 2 stabilizing resistor. 12. Local breaker back up relay hip elecrcal-engineering-portalccm/prooction andelays-in-main-circui-board a6rons016 Protection a Relays used in Main Circuit Board at a Power id Substaton |EEP this is a CTIG type three phase or two phase earth fault instantaneous over current unit intended for use with a time delay unit to give back up protection in the event of a circuit breaker failure. 13. Poly-phase directional relay ‘The PGD relay is a high speed induction cup unit used to give directional properties to three phase IDMT over-current relays, for the protection of parallel feeders, inter connected networks and parallel transformers against phase to phase and three phase faults, Owing to low sensitivity on phase to earth faults the relay is used with discretion on solidly earthed systems. 14. Auto reclose relay Five types of anto reclose relays are available a) VAR21 giving one reclosure, The dead time and reclaim time are adjustable form 5 to 25 secs. If the circuit breaker reopens during reclaim time, it remains open and locked out, b) VAR4IB is a single shot scheme for air blast circuit breakers. Reclaim time is fixed at between 15 to 20 secs, Dead time adjustment is from 0.1 to 1.0 sec of which first 300 millisec will be circuit breaker opening time, ©) VAR 42 giving four reclosure. It is precision timed from 0 to 60 sec. it can be set for max four enclosures at min intervals of 10 sec and instantaneous protection can be suppressed after the first reclosure so that persistent faults are referred to time graded protection 4) VAR 71 giving single shot medium speed reclosure with alarm and lockout for circuit breaker. ‘This allows, up to 10 faults el wrance before initiating an alarm, The alarm is followed by lockout if selected no. of faults clearances exceed. If the circuit breaker reopens during reclaim time, it remains open and locked out. It offers delay in reclosing sequence. Instantaneous lockout on low current earth fault and suppressing instantancous protection during reclamation time. ©) Var8i is a single shot high-speed reclosure with alarm and lockout for circuit breaker This allows up t 10 faults clearance before initiating an alarm. Reactance distance scheme this scheme consists of the following relays, XCG22-3 for phase to phase and 3 for phase to ground, YCG17, mho starting unit one in each place, VATS1 along with timing unit for zone 2 and 3, 86-X aux. tripping relay and 30G, H, and J for 1%, 2°4 and 3°4. Zone indication VAAS1, CAGI2 and VAA31. ‘The three zone phase and earth fault protection using reactance relays type XCG22 and also st ¢ schemes provide ting relays YCGI7, ‘They are applicable to important line sections where high values of arc resistance would otherwise affect the accuracy of measurement and where high speed tripping is essential. High-speed protection is provided for phase and eatth faults on 80-90% of the line section and faults on the remaining section ate cleated in second zone, time. The third zone provides backup protection after further time interval hip elecrcal-engineering-portalccm/prooction andelays-in-main-circui-board 48so2sr016 Protection and Relays used in Main Circuit Board ata Power Grid Svbstaton |EEP_ ach mho starting unit Y3 and its auxiliary Y3 X is associated with one phase and operates for all faults involv 1g this phase. Bach reactance unit X is connected to measure phase or earth fault distance, but is prevented ftom operating by short circuit across the polarizing coils. Under the phase fault conditions, the Y3 X units unblock the appropriate X1 reactance units, which initiate tripping immediately for faults within their setting Operation of the earth auxiliary relay 64 in conjunction with the Y3 X units selects th units for measurement of earth faults, The reach of reac appropriate reactance nce units is extended by the timer, 2 after successive intervals to cover faults in zone 2 and 3, LINE FAULT EARTH FAULT DETECTORS Y3 DETECTORS 64 T T 1 1 ' ' ZONE DETECTCR 1 TIMING AUXILIARIES 2 YIX T T 1 1 RANGE ‘ EXTEN EARTH FAULT ae 7 REACTANCE, : UNITS 2 te} PHASE FAULT 1 REACTANCE UNIT X1 —+ TRIFPING AND INDICATION 30 TRIP REINFORCING 6X ‘The principle of distance scheme - Block diagram, hip elecrcal-engineering-portalcom/protoction andelays-in-main-circui-boardsonan016 Protection and Relays used in Main Circuit Board ata Power Grid Svbstaton |EEP_ Discrimination is not affected by changing faults, for example a zone 2 earth fault which develops into a double phase to earth fault will be cleared correctly by the X1 (phase fault) units in zone 2 time. In the rare event of two faults occurring simultaneously at different points on the line; the scheme will measure to @ distance approximately half way. Source: Internet and several books of Electrical Engineering Related electrical guides & articles // Share with engineers // About Author // Bipul Raman Bipul Raman - Bipul Raman (@BipulRaman) is a Technology Enthusiast, Programmer/Coder and Blogger. Read more at : hetps://web.bipul.in © 2016 ERP - Electrical Engineering Portal. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy | ‘Terms of Service | 53 queries in 0.063 seconds. Powered by CsanyiGroup * SHARE. hip elecrcal-engineering-portalcom/protoction andelays-in-main-circui-board