CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PHN CP V CH TO PHAO NEO, PHAO TN HIU
National Technical Regulation on Classification and
Building of Single Point Moorings and Floating Light Buoys

H NI 2014

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PHN CP V CH TO PHAO NEO, PHAO TN HIU
National Technical Regulation on Classification and
Building of Single Point Moorings and Floating Light Buoys

H NI 2014

Li ni u
Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp phao neo, phao tn hiu QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT
do Cc ng kim Vit Nam bin son, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thm nh, B trng
B Giao thng vn ti ban hnh theo Thng t s 24/2014/TT-BGTVT ngy 30 thng 06
nm 2014.

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PHN CP V CH TO PHAO NEO, PHAO TN HIU
National Technical Regulation on Classification and
Building of Single Point Moorings and Floating Light Buoys
MC LC
Trang
I QUY NH CHUNG .................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng ................................................... 7
1.2 Ti liu vin dn v gii thch t ng ........................................................... 7
II QUY NH K THUT .............................................................................................. 9
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG V GIM ST K THUT V PHN CP .............. 9
1.1 Quy nh chung ........................................................................................... 9
1.2 Giy ngh kim tra ................................................................................... 10
1.3 Duy tr cp phao neo v duy tr trng thi k thut phao tn hiu................. 10
1.4 Giy chng nhn ......................................................................................... 12
1.5 H s kim tra phn cp hoc ln u v kim tra duy tr cp, duy tr
trng thi k thut ....................................................................................... 14
1.6 Chun b kim tra v cc vn khc ......................................................... 14
CHNG 2 KIM TRA PHN CP, LN U ............................................................ 16
2.1 Kim tra phn cp hoc ln u trong ch to: .......................................... 16
2.2 Kim tra phn cp hoc ln u cc phao khng c gim st ca ng
kim trong ch to ...................................................................................... 21
CHNG 3 KIM TRA CHU K ................................................................................... 22
3.1 Kim tra hng nm ..................................................................................... 22
3.2 Kim tra nh k .......................................................................................... 23
3.3 Kim tra trn hoc tng ng ........................................................... 25
CHNG 4 VT LIU................................................................................................... 26
4.1 Quy nh chung........................................................................................... 26
CHNG 5 HN V CH TO .................................................................................... 27
5.1 Quy nh chung........................................................................................... 27
CHNG 6 THIT K H THNG NEO ...................................................................... 28
6.1 Vng lm vic v iu kin mi trng....................................................... 28
6.2 Ti trng thit k .......................................................................................... 32
5

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

6.3 Kt cu v n nh....................................................................................... 36
6.4 Buc v neo ................................................................................................ 44
CHNG 7 THIT B V H THNG .......................................................................... 46
7.1 H thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm ...................................................... 46
7.2 H thng v thit b ph tr ......................................................................... 49
7.3 Vng nguy him v trang thit b in ......................................................... 50
7.4 Quy tc an ton ........................................................................................... 52
CHNG 8 CC YU CU I VI PHAO TN HIU ............................................... 53
8.1 Quy nh chung .......................................................................................... 53
8.2 Bo hiu hng hi ....................................................................................... 53
III QUY NH V QUN L ......................................................................................... 54
1.1 Quy nh v chng nhn v ng k k thut phao.................................... 54
1.2 Rt cp, phn cp li v s mt hiu lc ca giy chng nhn ................. 54
1.3 Qun l h s ............................................................................................. 56
1.4 Th tc cp Giy chng nhn .................................................................... 56
IV TRCH NHIM CA CC T CHC, C NHN ................................................... 59
1.1 Trch nhim ca ch phao, c s thit k, ch to, hon ci v sa
cha phao .................................................................................................. 59
1.2 Trch nhim ca Cc ng kim Vit Nam ................................................ 59
1.3 Trch nhim ca B Giao thng vn ti ..................................................... 59
V T CHC THC HIN ............................................................................................. 60
Ph lc

MU GIY CHNG NHN AN TON K THUT PHAO TN HIU,

PHN CP PHAO NEO GIY NGH THM NH THIT K V
GIY NGH KIM TRA ........................................................................ 61

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V PHN CP

V CH TO PHAO NEO, PHAO TN HIU
National Technical Regulation on Classification and
Building of Single Point Moorings and Floating Light Buoys

QUY NH CHUNG

1.1

Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng

1.1.1

Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny p dng cho vic kim tra, chng nhn cc phao neo khng c ngi
nh nh ngha 1.2.2, d nh dng chng buc tu bin, phng tin phc v thm
d, khai thc du kh v cc loi phng tin ni khc (sau y, nu khng c nu r
th c gi chung l tu) v cc phao tn hiu dng lp cc bo hiu hng hi c
lp t trong cc vng nc cng bin v vng bin Vit Nam (sau y, nu khng c
nu r th c gi chung l phao).
1.1.2

i tng p dng

Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn lin quan n cng tc qun l, kim
tra cht lng an ton k thut, thit k, ch to, hon ci, phc hi, sa cha v khai
thc phao thuc phm vi iu chnh nu ti 1.1.1 bao gm: Cc ng kim Vit Nam (sau
y, vit tt l ng kim); cc ch phao; cc c s thit k, ch to phao.
1.2

Ti liu vin dn v gii thch t ng

1.2.1

Cc ti liu vin dn s dng trong quy chun

QCVN 20: 2010/BGTVT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v bo hiu hng hi.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT, Quy chun k thut quc gia Quy phm phn cp v ng tu
bin v thp.

QCVN 39: 2011/BGTVT, Quy chun k thut Quc gia v bo hiu ng thy ni a
Vit Nam.

QCVN 49: 2012/BGTVT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp v gim st k thut
gin c nh trn bin.

Thng t s 15/2013/TT-BGTVT ngy 26 thng 7 nm 2013 ca B trng B Giao thng

Vn ti, Quy nh v biu mu giy chng nhn v s kim tra an ton k thut v bo v
mi trng cp cho tu bin, phng tin thy ni a v sn phm cng nghip s dng
cho phng tin thy ni a.

Thng t s 33/2011/TT-BGTVT ngy 19 thng 4 nm 2011 ca B trng B Giao thng

Vn ti, Quy nh v th tc cp giy chng nhn cht lng an ton k thut v bo v
mi trng phng tin, thit b thm d, khai thc v vn chuyn du kh trn bin.

TCVN 8404: 2010 Tiu chun quc gia v Quy phm phn cp v gim st h thng
ng ng mm.

1.2.2
1

Gii thch t ng

Trong Quy chun ny cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:

7

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(1) Phao neo (Single point mooring) l h thng cho php tu dch chuyn theo thi tit
khi tu c chng buc vo mt kt cu c nh hoc ni c neo gi vo y bin
bng h thng kt cu cng hoc kt cu khp hoc c chng gi bng dy xch.
V d: h thng kiu ny l phao neo CALM (Catenary Anchored Leg Mooring) , phao
neo SALM (Single Anchor Leg Mooring) v neo thp (tower mooring). Phao neo gm
cc kiu sau y:
(a) Phao neo c nh (fixed single point mooring)
Phao neo dng thp (tower mooring) v phao neo dng SALM c trng lc (c
nh hoc cht) c xem nh l phao neo c nh.
(b) Phao neo ni (floating single point mooring)
Phao neo CALM l v d ca phao neo ni.
(2)

Phao tn hiu l phao c dng tng t phao neo nhng c s dng lp t

cc thit b bo hiu hng hi (n hiu).

(3)

Bo hiu hng hi nh trong nh ngha ca QCVN 20: 2010/BGTVT.

(4)

Phao neo du kh l cc phao neo dng chng buc cc phng tin phc v cho
vic tm kim, thm d, khai thc du kh trn bin.

(5)

Ch phao (owner) l ch s hu hoc ngi qun l hoc ngi khai thc hoc
ngi thu phao

(6)

H s kim tra phao bao gm cc giy chng nhn, cc ph lc nh km Giy

chng nhn, cc bo co kim tra hoc th v cc ti liu lin quan theo quy nh.

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

II QUY NH K THUT
CHNG 1

QUY NH CHUNG V GIM ST K THUT V PHN CP

1.1

Quy nh chung

1.1.1

Quy nh chung v gim st k thut v phn cp

Cc phao neo s c ng kim trao cp ph hp vi 1.1.2 nu c ng kim kim

tra phn cp v xc nhn phao tha mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.

Cc phao tn hiu s c ng kim cp Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn

hiu sau khi c ng kim kim tra ln u v xc nhn phao tha mn cc yu cu
ca Quy chun ny.

Cc phao neo c ng kim phn cp v cp giy chng nhn phn cp hoc cc

phao tn hiu c cp giy chng nhn an ton k thut phi c duy tr cp hoc
trng thi k thut theo cc quy nh Chng 3.

Kim tra phn cp, kim tra ln u phao bao gm:

(1) Kim tra trong qu trnh ch to;
(2) Kim tra khng c gim st ca ng kim trong qu trnh ch to.

1.1.2
1

Cp ca phao neo

K hiu cp c bn
Phao neo c ng kim phn cp khi tha mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny s
c trao cp vi cc k hiu cp c bn sau:
* VRSPM, * VRSPM, hoc (*) VRSPM
Trong :
VRSPM:

Biu th phao neo do ng kim phn cp;

*:

Biu th phao neo c ng kim thm nh thit k v gim st trong ch to;

*:

Biu th phao neo c t chc phn cp khc c ng kim u quyn v/

hoc cng nhn thm nh thit k v gim st trong ch to;

(*): Biu th phao neo khng c thm nh thit k v gim st trong ch to ca t

chc phn cp no hoc ca t chc phn cp khng c ng kim cng
nhn/y quyn.
2

Du hiu b sung
K hiu cp c bn ca phao neo c th c b sung thm cc du hiu theo trnh t
sau y:
(1) Du hiu phn bit:
i vi phao neo du kh, b sung thm: P
V d: *VRSPM P
(2) Du hiu v vng

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Du hiu v vng l ghi ch v tr a l m phao neo c lp t (cc d liu nh
kinh , v v tr neo buc). Ngoi ra, i vi cc phao neo c b tr ti khu vc
c tn th b sung thm tn ca khu vc .
V d: M Rng.
(3) Du hiu v gii hn hot ng
Du hiu v gii hn hot ng l ghi ch v nhng ch tiu thit k b gii hn trong
hot ng (c th l gii hn v trng thi bin v vn tc gi cho php tu buc vo
phao neo, chiu di ton b v lng chim nc ca tu chn khi thit k buc,
chiu su vng nc, lc cng ln nht trn dy v loi hng vn chuyn...).
1.2

Giy ngh kim tra

1.2.1

Kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra ln u

Vic kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra ln u s c ng kim thc hin sau khi nhn
c Giy ngh ca ch phao hoc c s ch to phao.
1.2.2

Kim tra chu k phao neo hoc kim tra trng thi k thut phao tn hiu

Vic kim tra chu k duy tr cp ca phao neo hoc tnh trng k thut ca phao tn
hiu s c ng kim thc hin sau khi nhn c giy ngh kim tra ca ch phao.
1.3

Duy tr cp phao neo v duy tr trng thi k thut phao tn hiu

1.3.1

Kim tra chu k

Phao neo c ng kim trao cp v ng k v cc phao tn hiu c ng

kim kim tra ln u phi c ng kim vin kim tra chu k hoc kim tra bt thng
nh nu di y nhm duy tr cp ca phao neo hoc tnh trng k thut ca phao tn
hiu ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny. Tuy nhin, theo yu cu ca ch phao
khi c l do xc ng, ng kim c th xem xt v quy nh khong thi gian kim tra
chu k thch hp.
(1) Kim tra chu k
(a) Kim tra hng nm
Kim tra hng nm bao gm cc ni dung nh nu 3.1, phi c tin hnh
trong khong thi gian ba thng trc hoc sau ngy n nh kim tra hng nm
trong t kim tra phn cp hoc ln u hoc t kim tra nh k trc .
(b) Kim tra nh k
(i)

Thi hn kim tra: Kim tra nh k phi c thc hin trong khong thi
gian 5 nm. Kim tra nh k ln th nht phi c thc hin trong khong
thi gian 5 nm, tnh t ngy kt thc ch to phao neo hoc tnh t ngy kt
thc kim tra ln u phn cp v sau c 5 nm mt ln, tnh t ngy
kt thc t kim tra nh k ln trc.

(ii) Bt u kim tra nh k: Kim tra nh k c th bt u vo t kim tra

hng nm ln th t sau t kim tra phn cp hoc sau t kim tra nh k
ln trc v c ko di trong c nm kt thc vo ngy kim tra hng
nm ln th nm. chun b cho t kim tra nh k, tu theo iu kin
thc t, trong t kim tra hng nm ln th t phi tin hnh o chiu dy
tn.
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QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(iii) Kim tra nh k trc hn: Kim tra nh k c th c tin hnh trc thi
hn nhng khng c sm hn 12 thng, tr khi c tho thun trc vi
ng kim.
(iv) Kt thc kim tra nh k: Nu t kim tra nh k m khi lng kim tra
khng c kt thc ton b vo cng mt lc th ngy kt thc t kim tra
nh k s l ngy m ti cc yu cu kim tra v c bn tho mn.
(v) Trong cc trng hp c bit hay phao c thit k c bit th vic p dng
cc yu cu kim tra nh k c th c xem xt c bit. Vic gia hn kim
tra nh k c th c xem xt trong trng hp rt c bit.
(c) Kim tra trn
Kim tra trn bao gm cc ni dung nh nu 3.3, phi c thc hin trong
khong thi gian khng qu 5 nm v trng vi thi gian kim tra nh k.
1.3.2

Kim tra lin tc

Theo yu cu ca ch phao v sau khi c ng kim chp thun th c th thc hin

h thng kim tra lin tc, trong mi yu cu ca t kim tra nh k c tin hnh
ln lt hon thnh tt c cc yu cu ca t kim tra nh k trong vng 5 nm v
khong thi gian kim tra k tip ca tng phn hoc tng hng mc khng c vt
qu 5 nm.

Nu pht hin c khuyt tt trong t kim tra ny th phi m thm kim tra cc chi
tit hoc hng mc khc nu ng kim vin thy cn thit v cc khuyt tt ny phi
c sa cha tho mn yu cu ca ng kim vin.

Nu nh mt s chi tit my c m ra v kim tra nh l vic bo dng hng ngy

khng c mt ng kim vin, th trong nhng iu kin nht nh v theo yu cu ca
ch phao, ng kim s xem xt v c th hon m cc chi tit ny vi iu kin phi
thc hin t kim tra xc nhn tip theo khi c mt ng kim vin.

1.3.3
1

Kim tra bt thng

Ch phao hoc i din ca ch phao phi ngh ng kim kim tra bt thng khi:
(1) i tn phao v i ch s hu phao;
(2) C s h hng kt cu, h thng my, cc trang thit b, h thng neo buc hoc ng
dn/ng ng mm lm nh hng hoc c nguy c lm nh hng n cp hoc
trng thi k thut ca phao. Tt c cc cng vic sa cha phao tip tc gi cp
hoc trng thi k thut phi c ng kim vin kim tra v xc nhn tho mn yu
cu ca Quy chun ny;
(3) Cc dng kim tra bt thng khc do ch phao xut. Khi lng kim tra s
c xc nh c th cho tng trng hp.

1.3.4

Ngng hot ng v khi phc hot ng tr li

Khi ngng hot ng hoc ri phao khi v tr lm vic, ch phao phi thng bo cho ng
kim bit v ghi ch vo h s; tt c cc loi kim tra trong giai on ngng hot ng
c th hon li cho n khi phao c a vo s dng tr li. Th tc ngng hot ng
v k hoch bo dng phi c gi cho ng kim xem xt v kim tra xc nhn.

Trong trng hp phao phi ngng hot ng trong thi gian di (t 6 thng tr ln), th
nhng yu cu i vi vic kim tra phc hi hot ng phi c xem xt ring. Phi
11

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

lu ti trng thi k thut ca phao vo lc bt u ngng hot ng, thi gian ngng
hot ng v iu kin m phao c bo dng trong giai on .
(1) Nu cng vic chun b v quy trnh ngng hot ng ca phao c trnh cho ng
kim kim tra, thm nh v c thm nh li hng nm, th c th gim s ln kim
tra trong thi gian ngng hot ng hoc thay i yu cu ca t kim tra phc hi
hot ng.
(2) a phao tr li hot ng phi tin hnh kim tra phc hi hot ng khng ph
thuc ng kim c thng bo trc rng phao ngng hot ng hay cha.
1.3.5

Hon ci, thay i

Khi tin hnh cng vic hon ci phn v, my hoc trang thit b ca phao m lm nh
hng hoc c th nh hng ti cp hoc trng thi k thut ca phao, th thit k hon
ci phi c gi cho ng kim thm nh trc khi cng vic c tin hnh. Cng
vic hon ci phi c ng kim vin kim tra v xc nhn tho mn yu cu ca thit
k c thm nh.
1.3.6

Lp t sn phm mi

Trng hp lp t ln phao ang khai thc cc sn phm mi thuc phm vi p dng

ca Quy chun ny, phi tun th cc quy nh ti 1.3.5.
1.3.7

Quy nh khi thay th cc chi tit hng

Khi thay th nhng chi tit hng hoc nhng chi tit mn qu gii hn cho php theo cc
yu cu ca Quy chun ny, th cc chi tit mi cn phi c ch to ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca Quy chun ny v phi c ng kim vin kim tra xc nhn.
1.3.8

Hn v thay th vt liu

Thp thng v thp c bn cao: Vic hn hoc gia cng ch to i vi thp kt cu

phi tun theo cc quy nh ti Chng 5.

Vt liu c bit: Vic hn hoc gia cng ch to i vi loi thp khc hoc thp tng
ng vi chng phi tun theo quy trnh c thm nh (quy nh ti Chng 5).

Thay th v sa i: Ch cho php thay th thp c ch to ban u bng loi thp

khc, sa i hnh dng kt cu ban u hoc thay i t mi ni bng inh tn sang hn
khi c ng kim chp thun.

1.4

Giy chng nhn

1.4.1

Giy chng nhn phn cp

Giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo v giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho
phao neo:

(1) Nu c ng kim kim tra phn cp tho mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny,

phao neo s c ng kim cp giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi v ng k vo
S ng k cng trnh bin hoc S ng k k thut tu bin, ph hp vi 1.1.3 Mc
III ca Quy chun ny.
(2) Trc khi ht thi hn hiu lc ca giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi, ng kim
s cp giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo nu phao neo hon ton tha mn
cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny.

12

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(3) ng kim s xc nhn vo giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo sau khi ng
kim vin kim tra hng nm v xc nhn rng phao neo tho mn cc quy nh ca
Quy chun ny.
1.4.2

Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu

Nu c ng kim kim tra ln u tho mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny, phao tn

hiu s c ng kim cp Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu v ng k
vo S ng k k thut tu bin, ph hp vi 1.1.3 Mc III ca Quy chun ny.
1.4.3
1

Hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn

Hiu lc ca giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi, giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao
neo v Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu:
(1) Giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo c hiu lc trong thi hn khng qu 5
nm, tnh t ngy hon thnh kim tra phn cp hay kim tra nh k. Giy chng
nhn phn cp cho phao neo c gia hn ti a 5 thng tnh t ngy kt thc kim
tra nh k, nu kt qu kim tra t yu cu hoc c th c gia hn trong khong
thi gian c php hon nu c ng kim ng hon ngy kim tra nh k
ph hp vi Quy chun ny. Vic gia hn mang ngha thay cho vic cp giy chng
nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao neo. Giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo
c gia hn ny s mt hiu lc sau khi phao nhn c giy chng nhn phn cp
chnh thc.
(2) Giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao neo ch c hiu lc vi thi hn ti a
l 5 thng, tnh t ngy cp giy chng nhn . Giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi
cho phao neo s mt hiu lc khi giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo chnh thc
c cp.
(3) Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu c hiu lc trong thi hn khng qu
5 nm tnh t ngy hon thnh kim tra ln u hay kim tra nh k.

1.4.4

Lu gi, cp li v tr li giy chng nhn

Ch phao c trch nhim lu gi giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo hoc giy
chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao neo hoc Giy chng nhn an ton k thut
phao tn hiu v phi trnh cho ng kim khi c yu cu.

Ch phao phi c trch nhim yu cu ng kim cp li ngay giy chng nhn nu -1

trn khi:
(1) Cc giy chng nhn ny b mt hoc b rch nt;
(2) Ni dung ghi trong cc giy chng nhn ny c thay i.

Ch phao phi tr li ngay cho ng kim giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao
neo sau khi c cp giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo theo quy nh
1.4.1-1(2) hoc qu 5 thng, tnh t ngy cp giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho
phao neo v phi tr li ngay giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo c nu giy chng
nhn phn cp cho phao neo c cp theo quy nh -2(1) hoc c cp li, lm
li theo -2(2) nu trn, tr trng hp giy chng nhn b mt.

Ch phao phi tr li ngay cho ng kim giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo hoc
giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao neo khi phao b rt cp theo quy nh
1.2.1 Mc III.

Ch phao phi tr li ngay cho ng kim giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo hoc
giy chng nhn phn cp tm thi cho phao neo hoc Giy chng nhn an ton k thut
13

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

phao tn hiu khi b mt m tm li c, sau khi nhn giy chng nhn c cp li
theo -2 trn.
1.5

H s kim tra phn cp hoc ln u v kim tra duy tr cp, duy tr trng thi
k thut

1.5.1

Cp h s kim tra

ng kim s cp h s kim tra cho phao v thit b c lp t trn phao sau khi
kt thc v tha mn cc ni dung kim tra phn cp hoc ln u hoc kim tra duy tr
cp, duy tr trng thi k thut.
1.6

Chun b kim tra v cc vn khc

1.6.1

Thng bo kim tra

Khi cn kim tra phao theo yu cu ca Quy chun ny, ch phao phi c trch nhim
thng bo trc cho ng kim bit v tr kim tra, thi gian tin hnh kim tra ng
kim vin c th thc hin cng vic kim tra vo thi im thch hp nht.
1.6.2

Chun b kim tra

Ch phao phi chu trch nhim thc hin tt c cng vic chun b cho t kim tra phn
cp, ln u, kim tra chu k, cc kim tra khc v vic o chiu dy c quy nh trong
Phn ny cng nh nhng cng vic cn thit phc v cho cng vic kim tra do ng
kim vin yu cu. Cng vic chun b phi bao gm vic b tr li i thun tin v an
ton, phng tin v cc h s cn thit phc v cho cng vic kim tra, cc giy chng
nhn v bin bn v vic thc hin kim tra v o chiu dy, m kim tra thit b, g b
cc cht bn/vt cn v lm sch. Thit b kim tra, o v th m ng kim vin da vo
ra cc quyt nh nh hng n cp ca phao, trng thi k thut ca phao phi
c xc nh v hiu chun theo tiu chun c ng kim cng nhn. Tuy nhin,
ng kim vin c th chp nhn cc dng c o n gin (v d nh thc l, thc
dy, dng o kch thc mi hn, micrometer) m khng cn xc nh hoc hiu chun
vi iu kin chng c thit k ph hp vi hng thng mi, bo dng tt v nh k
c so snh vi cc mu th hoc dng c tng t. ng kim vin cng c th chp
nhn thit b c lp trn phao v s dng chng kim tra cc trang thit b trn phao
(v d nh p k, nhit k hoc ng h o vng quay) c da vo h s hiu chun
hoc so vi cc s o ca cc dng c a nng.

Ch phao phi b tr mt gim st vin (sau y gi l i din ca ch phao) nm vng

cc hng mc kim tra chun b tt cng vic phc v kim tra v gip ng kim
vin khi c yu cu trong sut qu trnh kim tra.

Trc khi bt u kim tra v o, ng kim vin, i din ca ch phao, i din cng ty
o chiu dy (nu thy cn thit) phi hp thng qua k hoch kim tra.

1.6.3

Hon kim tra

Vic kim tra c th b hon li nu nh cng vic chun b kim tra theo quy nh 1.6.21 cha hon tt, hoc vng mt nhng ngi c trch nhim tham gia vo t kim tra
theo quy nh 1.6.2-2 hoc ng kim vin nhn thy khng m bo an ton tin
hnh vic kim tra.

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1.6.4

Khuyn ngh

Qua kt qu kim tra, nu thy cn thit phi sa cha, ng kim vin phi thng bo
kt qu kim tra ca mnh cho ch phao (hoc i din ca ch phao). Sau khi nhn c
thng bo ny, ch phao phi tin hnh cng vic sa cha cn thit v kt qu sa cha
phi c ng kim vin kim tra xc nhn.

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CHNG 2

KIM TRA PHN CP, KIM TRA LN U

2.1

Kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra ln u trong ch to

2.1.1

Quy nh chung

Khi kim tra phn cp phao neo, kim tra ln u phao tn hiu trong ch to, phi kim tra
thn phao, trang thit b m bo chc chn rng chng tha mn cc yu cu tng
ng trong Quy chun.

2.1.2
1

Cc bn v v h s trnh thm nh

Nu phao d nh c ng kim kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra ln u trong ch to

th trc khi tin hnh thi cng phi gi cho ng kim thm nh cc bn v v ti liu
sau:
(1) B tr chung;
(2) B tr cc khoang kn nc, gm v tr, kiu v b tr np kn nc v kn thi tit;
(3) Bn v kt cu tn v, sn, vch, boong, sn, chi tit gia cng, mi ni;
(4) Chi tit ca kn nc, np kn nc;
(5) Quy trnh hn v thng s k thut hn;
(6) H thng chng n mn;
(7) Kiu, v tr v s lng ca vt dn c nh, nu c;
(8) B tr h thng ht kh, o su, thng gi;
(9) Vng nguy him;
(10) S i dy h thng in;
(11) B tr thit b phng chng chy;
(12) B tr neo buc;
(13) Cm chi tit h thng neo buc gm chn neo, chi tit i km, dy, xch buc v
ng c tnh sc cng v vng ca dy, xch buc;
(14) B ca cc cm chi tit buc, thit b cng nghip...c ch r mi lin kt vi kt cu
v;
(15) H thng neo c nu r kch c neo, kh nng chu bm, kch thc cc...;
(16) Cm van (PLEM);
(17) chnh ca phao;
(18) Khp sn phm gm c cu dn ng, xoay, chi tit khp ni in;
(19) H thng ng c km bn k vt liu;
(20) S liu thit k ca thit b, ng v chi tit lin quan gm p sut v nhit ti thiu,
ti a;
(21) H thng ng ph tr c km bn k vt liu;
(22) ng ni v ng chm di phao/ ng ng mm;
(23) H thng o/kim sot;
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(24) Thit b hng hi;
(25) Phng php v v tr th khng ph hu (NDT);
(26) Du hiu kim tra phn chm ca phao di nc thay cho ln ;
(27) K hoch th v kim tra cc b phn chu ti chnh hoc b phn chu p sut nh
khp sn phm, khp ni in, ;
(28) Cc quy trnh th;
(29) Cc bn v v ti liu khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
2

Cc bn tnh
(1) Bn tnh ton kt cu theo 6.3;
(2) Bn tnh ton n nh theo 6.3;
(3) Bn tnh ton buc v neo theo 6.4;
(4) Bn tnh ton h thng ng theo 7.1 v 7.2;
(5) Bn tnh ton cc b phn chu p lc v cc thnh phn chu ti theo Chng 7;
(6) Bn tnh ton tnh v ng khp sn phm theo 7.1.4-1.

2.1.3
1

Trnh h s v cc ti liu khc

Bn vng hot ng
chng minh rng vic xem xt hng hi c thc hin khi xc nh v tr t phao,
phi gi mt bn vng neo buc theo quy nh ti 6.1.1, trong cn chi r v tr phao,
kh nng ri ro v hng hi v cc thit b hng hi v s c, a hnh y bin, vng
quay tr v vng xoay.

Bo co iu kin vng lm vic

m bo rng iu kin ti v tr t phao c xem xt cn thn v a vo trong
tiu chun thit k, phi gi thm nh bo co v nhng vn sau y theo yu cu
6.1.2:
(1) iu kin mi trng v gi, sng, dng chy, dao ng mc nc, thu triu, tm
nhn, nhit .
(2) Chiu su nc ti v tr t phao v vng quay tr, iu kin t nn v mc nguy
him di mt nc.

Th m hnh
Nu tin hnh th m hnh xc nh ti trng thit k hoc chng minh rng ti
trng thit k c chn ph hp vi kt qu th m hnh, th phi gi bo co cho ng
kim trong phi ghi r ti trng thit k, cc tnh ton, miu t thit b v quy trnh th
cng vi bn tm tt kt qu th. Ngi thit k cn trao i vi ng kim v nhng vn
lin quan n th m hnh, quy trnh, phng php v phn tch d liu m bo
cho vic th m hnh ny c ph hp.

S s liu v bo dng
i vi mi phao phi gi cho ng kim mt b ti liu, trong ghi cc hng dn vn
hnh, bo dng phao, tiu chun thit k phao, thng tin v vng neo buc v cc b
phn ca phao.

S s liu v bo dng gm cc thng tin sau:

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(1) Bn vng hot ng nh ghi ti 2.1.3-1;
(2) c tnh k thut ca tu c thit k buc vo phao bao gm lng chim
nc, chiu di, chiu chm v khong cch t mi tu n cm van;
(3) Tiu chun mi trng thit k vi kch thc tu khc nhau bao gm gi, sng, dng
chy v thu triu trong iu kin khai thc;
(4) Tiu chun vn chuyn hng bao gm loi hng, p sut lm vic, nhit , vn tc
ti a, thi gian ng van ti thiu k c cm van trn tu;
(5) Bn v b tr chung cc b phn ca phao v cc chi tit cn thit cho qu trnh khai
thc hoc bo dng bao gm cc chi tit li vo cm chi tit ;
(6) M t thit b hng hi v c tnh an ton;
(7) Quy trnh buc tu vo phao v tho tu ra khi phao;
(8) Quy trnh tho ng ni ra khi cm van v ni ng ni vo cm van t trn tu;
(9) Lch bo dng v quy trnh bo dng phao bao gm danh mc kim tra cc hng
mc trong t kim tra chu k. Cc quy trnh iu chnh sc cng chn neo, tho v
ni li ng dn, kim tra ng ng mm, iu chnh cc kt ni v thay th m kn
khp hng, nu c p dng phi c a vo s s liu v bo dng;
(10) Th p sut h thng chuyn hng
S s liu v bo dng gi cho ng kim thm nh khng nhng phi m bo
y cc ni dung nu trn, m cn phi m bo nhng ni dung thng nht
vi s liu v thit k v cc hn ch ghi trong cp ca phao.
6

Nhng bn v b sung
(1) Khi lng h s gi cho ng kim thm nh i vi nhng phao c kiu v/hoc
kt cu c bit trong tng trng hp c th s c ng kim xem xt v chp
nhn ring.
(2) Khi chng nhn phao theo tiu chun, quy phm khc c th phi gi cho ng kim
cc bn v v tnh ton b sung khc.

2.1.4

Th tc trnh h s thit k

Ch phao hoc c s thit k phao phi trnh ba b h s thit k nu 2.1.2 v 2.1.3

trn km theo ngh thm nh thit k ng kim thm nh. Nu h s thit k tha
mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny, ng kim s tr li khch hng (ch phao hoc c
s thit k phao) mt b h s c thm nh km theo Giy chng nhn thm nh
thit k. Trng hp thit k phao khng tha mn yu cu ca Quy chun ny, ng
kim s gi khuyn ngh cho khch hng chnh sa hoc c bin php khc phc.
2.1.5
1

Th trong qu trnh ch to

Th kn kt, vch v ph tng

(1) Quy nh chung
Sau khi lp rp xong cc np, ca kn nc v cc on ng xuyn qua vch bao
gm c cc mi ni ng phi tin hnh th kn nc cc khoang, kt v vch theo
yu cu nu ti Bng 2-1. Kim tra tip cn kt hp vi th khng ph hu c th
c chp nhn nh l phng php th thay th th bng vi rng i vi mt s
vng nht nh.
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(2) Th kn kt
Quy trnh th kt phi gi cho ng kim thm nh. Bng 2-1 nu cc phng php
th thng dng.
Th kn kt v vch bng kh hoc kt hp th bng kh v thu lc theo quy trnh
thm nh nh trong Bng 2-1 c th c chp nhn, nu ng kim vin khng yu
cu thm. Khi th bng kh tt c ng hn bao quanh, cc mi ni lp rp v on
ng ni xuyn qua vch cn c kim tra theo quy trnh th c thm nh vi
dung mi ch th r r tng ng trc khi sn. Chnh lch p lc kh khi th bnh
thng l 0,14 kgf/cm2. Cn phi trang b cc phng tin phng nga vt qu p
lc ca kt khi th. Th r r bng cch quan st s gim p lc kh khng th
thay th phng php th thu lc hoc phng php th kh/ x phng.
Khi th kt phi c s chng kin ca ng kim vin. ng kim vin c th yu
cu th b sung hoc th theo phng php khc, nu thy cn thit.
Bng

2-1 - Yu cu th kn ln u kt v vch

Hng mc

Phng php th

Kt

Th kh hoc th thu lc

Vch kn nc, sn v bin

Th kh hoc th thu lc

Khoang kh

Th kh hoc th thu lc

Hm xch

y nc

ng buc dy

Th bng vi rng

Thit b ng kn nc

Th bng vi rng

Kt du

Th kh hoc th thu lc

Bin khoang trng kn nc

Th kh hoc th thu lc

Ch thch:
Th bng vi rng trong Bng ny v 2.1.5-1(4) l th cc bin ngoi
bng dng nc t vi phun.
(3) Th thu lc
Thit k v cu hnh kt khng thng thng v kt hoc kt cu c thit k
chu ti trng thu lc t pha bn ngoi phi c th thu lc, tr khi c phng
php th khc c quy nh. Th thu lc c th c tin hnh trc hoc sau khi
h thy phao. Nu cc mi hn v on ng ni xuyn qua vch c kim tra tho
mn vi yu cu ca tiu chun, th c th cho php sn trc khi th thu lc.
(4) Th bng vi rng
Th bng vi rng c tin hnh ng thi vi vic kim tra c 2 pha mi ni vi
p sut th khng nh hn 2,1 kgf/cm2.
2

Th bn kt
chng minh kt cu m bo kh nng chu lc, cn phi yu cu th thu lc kt cu
kt hoc thn phao i din khi thm nh thit k. Ni chung, cn phi th t nht mt kt
i vi thit k mi hoc thit k phao c dng khng bnh thng.
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3

Th h thng neo buc

Cc chn neo phi c kim tra cng vi cc chi tit i km v thit b an ton dng cho
ni vi thn phao. Trc khi th cn phi khng nh rng cc b phn, u ni v cc
thit b an ton c lp t ng quy nh.
Chn neo bao gm xch neo, u ni nh ma n, mt xch ni v cc chi tit khc phi
c th tho mn cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn.
Mi chn neo phi c th ko theo quy trnh c thm nh vi s c mt ca ng
kim vin ph hp vi 6.4.3.
Vic buc tu vi phao bng cc dy, xch buc hoc kt cu cng (cng v thanh ngang)
phi c kim tra. Cc dy, xch buc phi c kim tra xc minh v kch thc, vt
liu, c tnh v kiu theo thit k c thm nh. Cc b phn phi c ni chc
chn v an ton. Th khng ph hu kt cu cng ni tu vi phao phi c tin hnh
vi s chng kin ca ng kim vin.
Neo thp c thit k nh kt cu c nh thng lm bng ng c th c dng
thay cho kt cu thn phao v dy buc. Vic th cc chi tit ny phi c tin hnh
tho mn cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn.
Cc v neo - cc hoc trng lc dng cho h thng neo ca phao phi c th NDT
theo cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn.
Gim st ch to v th neo theo yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn.

H thng chuyn hng

Sau khi lp rp ton b h thng chuyn hng gm ng dn/ng ng mm, khp, van
phi th thu lc vi p sut thit k theo yu cu 2.1.5-6 v Bng 2-2.
Bng

2-2 - Yu cu gim st v th trong qu trnh ch to

Hng mc

Kt cu thn phao, phn

t ni v kt cu khc

Cc/ neo

Khp sn phm/ hng

Khp thu lc

Khp in

C cu truyn ng khp

chnh phao

ng ng mm, ng dn
chm di phao

ng dn ni

Mi ni ng gin n

X
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Hng mc

Xch neo

Dy, xch buc

Bch ni, ph tng v van

tiu chun

Thit b o/ kim sot

in

Thit b hng hi

Ch thch:
A - C mt ca ng kim vin ti ni cung cp kim tra vt liu ph hp vi thit k/c
tnh k thut v h s, xem xt cc thng s hn, quy trnh hn, c tnh k thut th
NDT, trnh th hn v nhn vin th NDT.
B - C mt ca ng kim vin ti ni cung cp trong cc giai on quan trng ca qu trnh
sn xut nh lp rp, cn chnh v th NDT.
C - C mt ca ng kim vin ti ni cung cp chng kin v ghi nhn kt qu th.
D - Cho php kim tra v th ta xng vng mt ng kim vin. Cc hng mc ny c th
nghim thu trn c s ngi bn hoc ngi sn xut cp ti liu chng nhn
rng chi tit c thit k v ch to th ph hp vi cc tiu chun c cng nhn.
Cc yu cu th b sung c cho trong cc phn ca Quy chun ny.

H thng kim sot v an ton

Tt c thit b kim sot v an ton phi c kim tra v xc nhn tnh ph hp vi mc
ch s dng, xem Bng 2-2.

ng dn/ ng ng mm
Th ng dn/ ng ng mm xem 7.1.3 ca Quy chun ny.

Th p lc thng ni
Thng ni d nh lm vic p sut tng ng vi p sut bn ngoi c th vi
p sut bng 1,5 ln p sut lm vic ln nht.

2.2

Kim tra phn cp hoc ln u cc phao khng c gim st ca ng kim

trong ch to

2.2.1

Quy nh chung

i vi cc phao c kim tra phn cp khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ng

mi th h s v bn v cn thit c ng kim ng k phi c trnh theo cc
yu cu tng ng nu 2.1.2 v 2.1.3.

Khi kim tra phn cp hoc ln u cc phao khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ch
to, phi tin hnh o kch thc c cu thc t ca cc phn chnh ca phao v kim tra
h thng my, trang thit b n mc thch hp xc nhn rng chng tha mn
nhng yu cu tng ng quy nh trong Quy chun ny.

Phi tin hnh th n mc m ng kim cho l ph hp theo yu cu 2.1.5.

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CHNG 3
3.1

Kim tra hng nm

3.1.1

Quy nh chung

KIM TRA CHU K

Trong mi t kim tra hng nm vo gia cc t kim tra nh k, phi kim tra trng
thi chung ca phao theo thc t cho php nh gi trng thi k thut ca phao. i
vi h thng neo c nh nh h thng neo thp, vic kim tra phi c tin hnh theo
tiu chun c cng nhn. i vi h thng phao ni, nhng hng mc sau y phi
c kim tra, nh gi v bo co.
(1) Np bo v ming khoang v cc l khot khc
(a) Ming khoang, l ngi chui v ca hp l.
(b) Thnh ming khoang bao gm lin kt vi boong, np v m.
(c) Np ming khoang bng thp ng m bng c kh bao gm tn np, np, mi
ni giao nhau, m ni, m, nm v kp. Np ming khoang bng thp l thin
phi c kim tra tnh nguyn vn ca kt cu v kh nng kn thi tit. Nu
kim tra pht hin thy np hm b n mn nhiu, th phi tin hnh o chiu dy
v thay mi nu thy cn thit. Phi kim tra s hot ng v vn hnh ph hp
ca np ming khoang v thit b an ton.
(d) ng thng gi, thng hi cng vi li chn la, l x ca phao.
(e) Vch kn nc, cc on ng xuyn qua vch v hot ng ca cc ca trn cc
vch .
(2) Cc khu vc khc.
(a) Phng tin bo v cho ngi: lan can, dy cu v ming quy cu thang.
(b) Kim tra ti liu hng dn xp ti v s liu v n nh.
(c) Kim tra xc nhn khng c s thay th no i vi phao lm nh hng n
cp ca n.
(d) Thit b buc v neo bao gm kim tra sc cng ca xch neo.
(e) m bo rng thit b in trong vng nguy him u c bo dng ng quy
nh.
(f) ng ng dn sn phm, khp sn phm v m kn.
(g) m bo rng khng c ngun chy tim n bn trong hay gn khu vc cha
hng v cu thang vo khu vc phi trong tnh trng tt.
(h) Thit b chuyn hng v thit b ng ng bao gm cc gi , m kn, thit b
iu khin t xa v thit b ng.
(i)

H thng bm ht kh.

(j) H thng thng gi bao gm ng ng, tm chn v li chn.

(k) Kim tra s hot ng ca ng h do p sut ng ng x hng v h thng
o hin th mc hng.
(l)

Kt cu thn hoc phao, c bit l khu vc d b n mn nh cc khoang dn

bng nc bin, nu c th vo c. Khi thy cn thit c th yu cu o chiu
dy kt cu.
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(m) n v thit b hng hi cng cc thit b lin quan, nu c s dng.
3.2

Kim tra nh k

3.2.1

Quy nh chung

Kim tra nh k phn v hoc thn phao phi tho mn cc yu cu kim tra hng nm,
kim tra trn v nhng yu cu b sung lit k di y nu thy cn p dng. Tt c
cc b phn phi c kim tra, nh gi v bo co.
(1) Kt cu
(a) Kt cu thn phao hoc kt cu sn bao gm cc thanh ging, vch kn nc v
boong, cc kt, khoang m, khoang trng, hm xch, khoang my v tt c cc
khoang khc phi c kim tra c bn trong v bn ngoi pht hin h hng,
nt hoc n mn ln. Yu cu o chiu dy tn v c cu nhng khu vc b n
mn hoc nghi ng.
Nhng khu vc nghi ng c th phi yu cu th kn, th khng ph hu hoc o
chiu dy kt cu. Cc kt v cc khoang khc thng xuyn ng kn c cha
bt hoc cc cht chng n mn v cc kt s dng cha du bi trn, du
nhin liu nh, du dizel v nhng sn phm khng n mn khc c th c
min tr vi iu kin l qua kt qu kim tra, ng kim vin thy trng thi k
thut ca chng tho mn. Nhng vic o chiu dy bn ngoi c th c yu
cu kim tra mc n mn.
(b) Cc cm chi tit neo buc bao gm mc hm xch, tai mc xch v cc b phn
lin quan phi c kim tra.
(c) Cc b v gi , m v np ca thit b chuyn hng gn vi thn hoc boong
phao phi c kim tra.
(d) Cc b phn ca phao nm di nc v cc b phn ng kim vin khng
tip cn c c th cho php tin hnh kim tra di nc bng th ln c
nng lc vi s c mt ca ng kim vin. Vic kim tra di nc bng thit
b ln iu khin t xa thay th ln c th c xem xt ring. Kim tra di
nc phi c tin hnh ph hp vi quy trnh c thm nh c s dng thit
b nghe nhn hai chiu.
(e) Trong mi ln kim tra nh k, vic o chiu dy phi c tin hnh nhng
ni c chng c hoc nghi ng. Trong t kim tra nh k ln th hai v nhng
ln kim tra nh k tip theo, phi yu cu o chiu dy i din. Phi c bit
ch ti phn v phao v kt cu lin quan ti vng gip ranh trong cc kt dn
v cc khoang cha nc khng thng xuyn.
(f) Khi yu cu kim tra cc mi ni di nc, phi tin hnh lm sch nhng mi
ni v m bo trong ca nc quan st bng mt, quay video v
kim tra khng ph hu theo ng yu cu. Khi lm sch b mt phi trnh lm
h hi lp sn bo v.
(g) Tt c cc l thng bin cng vi kho v van c ni vo phi c kim
tra bn trong v bn ngoi khi a phao ln hay trong khi kim tra di nc
thay cho kim tra ln v cc vt bt cht vo tn v phi thay mi khi ng
kim vin thy cn thit.
(h) i vi neo thp phi tun th cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn.
(2) Cc b phn ca h thng neo
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(a) H thng neo hon chnh bao gm neo, xch, mc hm xch, mc ni dy, thit b
an ton v cc nu s dng phi c kim tra. Phi lp k hoch kim tra i
vi tt c cc b phn di nc; i vi cc khu vc th ln khng th tip cn
c phi s dng thit b ln kim tra. Tt c xch v ph tng phi c
kim tra pht hin h hng v mc n mn, c bit phi ch kim tra k
cc b phn neo v cc cm chn neo.
(b) Trong t kim tra nh k ln th t (20 nm tui), yu cu a mt phn on
ca h thng neo ln khi mt nc kim tra.
(c) Cc b phn ca h thng buc dng buc vo tu phi c kim tra k
lng vi iu kin thit b ny c gn vi phao c phn cp.
ng kim vin c th yu cu kim tra khng ph hu nhng mi ni cng chu lc
ln. Cc dy buc mm phi c kim tra mn v dt cc si nh. Yu cu phi
thay th nhng chi tit c hao mn ln.
(3) ng dn hng v ng ng mm
(a) ng dn hng
Trong cc t kim tra nh k cc ng dn hng s dng 5 nm tr ln phi
c tho ri v th p sut lm vic. Trong trng hp cc ng dn hng
c phc hi hoc thay th mi trong khong thi gian gia hai ln kim tra
nh k, th trong t kim tra nh k c th hon tho ri v th p sut cho n
khi ng dn hng s dng c 5 nm.
Trong t kim tra nh k hoc sau 5 nm s dng nh nu trn phi tin
hnh th chn khng cc ng dn hng.
(b) ng ng mm
H s kim tra ng ng mm ca phao bao gm cc quy trnh sau phi trnh
thm nh:
-

Kim tra di nc i vi cc ng ng bao gm c cc phao hnh

cung;

Kim tra cc khu vc chu lc ln ti v tr cc bch ni, cc kp hnh cung

v y khu vc ng cong;

Kim tra mn v vt rch ca ng tch (spreader bar), nu c s dng

ng tch tch ri ng ng;

Th thu lc ng ng mm p sut lm vic v c bit ch phn u

ng pha trn.

(4) Thit b an ton

Thit b an ton lin quan n cp phao phi c kim tra v th theo yu cu ca
ng kim trn c s nhng quy nh ti 7.4.
(5) Khp ni v thit b chuyn hng
Cc b phn ca khp ni, cc b , cc m kn v cc ph tng ng ng i
km phi c kim tra pha ngoi. Cc b phn dng vn chuyn cc cht n
mn hoc mi mn phi c m ra kim tra bn trong. C th phi o chiu dy i
vi ng ng chuyn hng v thit b i km h ngoi tri. hon thnh vic
kim tra, khp ni phi c th thu lc p sut thit k v kh nng kn ca khp
ni phi c xc nh qua t kim tra.
24

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(6) Thit b in
Cc thit b in phi m bo kh nng hot ng v cc mch in phi c kim
tra pht hin h hng hay s xung cp. cch in ca cc mch in phi c
o gia cc dy dn v gia dy dn vi tip t v so snh gi tr ny vi gi tr o
ln trc. Bt c s gim ng k hoc t ngt no ca cch in phi c
kho st thm v phi c phc hi li bnh thng hoc xem xt li cc trng thi
pht hin.
3.3

Kim tra trn hoc tng ng

3.3.1

Quy nh chung

Khi kim tra trn , phi kim tra ton b mt ngoi phn chm ca phao v cc b phn
buc i km. Trc khi kim tra, tt c cc chi tit neo buc i km v cc l thng bin
phi c lm sch. Chn neo bao gm c chi tit ni phi c kim tra trn ton b
chiu di k t im h thp nht di y bin n im ni vi phao.
3.3.2
1

Kim tra di nc

Ti nhng ln kim tra trn , ng kim c th xem xt cho php thay kim tra trn
bng kim tra di nc do th ln thc hin tng ng vi kim tra trn , c th
nh sau:
(1) Phm vi kim tra di nc phi bao gm tt c cc hng mc m thng thng
c thc hin khi phao trn .
(2) Cng vic ln v kim tra di nc phi do cc hng c ng kim cng nhn
thc hin.
(3) Nu trong qu trnh kim tra di nc m pht hin thy c h hng th ng kim
vin c th yu cu a phao ln kim tra k lng hn v c bin php khc
phc, nu cn.
(4) Cc bn v phi ch r cc du hiu, k hiu hoc cc phng php khc nh
hng cho th ln v nhn dng nh chp. Cc k hiu ny phi ch ra cc v tr c th
trn tn v (v d: v tr cc ng hn, v tr cc vch ngn hoc kt), cc l thng
di nc, cc u ht v x thng bin.
(5) kim tra v chp nh di nc (nu thy cn) t hiu qu, y phao phi m
bo sch v nc bin phi trong. Nu c th vic kim tra nn c tin hnh
trong vng kn v ti mn nc khng ti. Theo s xem xt, ng kim vin hin
trng c th yu cu lm sch ton b hay ti tng im. sch y c ngha l
cc phn phao di nc c lm sch ti mc m ng kim vin hin trng
c th xc nh c tnh trng tn v, ng hn v lp ph bo v. trong y
c ngha l tm nhn di nc c 5 m hoc hn.
(6) Khi kim tra phi dng h thng truyn hnh cp c thng tin hai chiu c kh nng
gim st v iu khin bi ng kim vin hin trng nu yu cu, hoc lp ra cc
h s ti liu nh, hoc c hai ph thuc vo tui ca phao. Th ln phi b sung cng
vic ny bng bo co trong m t v chng nhn tnh trng h thy di nc.
Mt bn sao bo co ca th ln v cc nh chp thch hp phi np cho ng kim
vin hin trng.
(7) Cc phn h hng phi c chp nh. Theo s xem xt v quyt nh, ng kim
vin c th tin hnh kim tra bn trong hoc yu cu o chiu dy ca nhng vng
h hng ny nu cn thit.
25

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

CHNG 4 VT LIU
4.1

Quy nh chung

4.1.1

Quy nh chung

Cc yu cu v vt liu dng cho vic ch to kt cu v h thng neo ca phao phi tun

th theo cc yu cu v vt liu ti Phn 7A v Phn 7B QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT Quy
phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp.
4.1.2

H thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm

Vt liu dng lm h thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm phi ph hp vi c tnh vt liu
c chp thun cho thit k c th. c tnh vt liu phi ph hp vi tiu chun
cng nhn vi bn ko, bn chy v tnh do nhit thit k. ng kim vin
khng nht thit phi c mt khi th vt liu. Ni chung, vt liu c th c chp nhn
trn c s xem xt chng ch ca c s sn xut.

Vt liu dng cho h thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm tip xc vi sunfua hydro cn
phi chn da vo thnh phn ho hc, ch nhit luyn v cng chng nt do
sunfua hydro gy ra. Chn vt liu cng phi tnh n kh nng chng nt do clo gy ra,
nu clo c trong hng hoc sn phm. Xem Chng 6 c nhng yu cu b sung i
vi ng dn/ng ng mm di phao v ng ni.

26

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

CHNG 5
5.1

Quy nh chung

5.1.1

Quy nh chung

HN V CH TO

Cc yu cu v vic hn v ch to thn phao hoc kt cu phao ca c h thng phao

phi tun th theo cc yu cu v hn ti Phn 6 QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT Quy phm
phn cp v ng tu bin v thp.

27

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

CHNG 6

THIT K H THNG NEO

6.1

Vng lm vic v iu kin mi trng

6.1.1

Quy nh chung

Nhng quy nh trong Phn ny nhm xc lp phng php xc nh v tr ca phao, iu

kin mi trng nh hng n hot ng ca phao v cn xem xt khi lp tiu chun
thit k v iu kin t y bin nh hng n vic neo phao.
6.1.2
1

V tr neo buc

Bn vng lm vic
Ngi thit k phi trnh bn vng neo buc phao c ch r chiu su nc v cc vt
cn trong vng xoay, vng quay tr v lung tip cn hoc lung hng hi nu c
ng kim xem xt. Bn c th lp da trn bn khu vc do chnh quyn cng b
hoc trn c s kho st thu . Trng hp dng bn kho st thu , bo co
kho st phi c trnh ng kim xem xt, trong cn nu r phng php kho
st, thit b dng kho st, ngi thc hin. Phi ch r trn bn v tr chnh xc v
chiu su nc ca ni neo buc hoc cm van (PLEM) v mi v tr t neo. ng ng
ngm di bin, ng cp v tt c cc ng ng khc phi ch r trn bn . Nu h
thng neo lin quan ti cc phao khc trong vng, hoc vi trm bm hoc dn iu
khin, th cc c im ny cn ch r trn bn . Cc c im khc v vng nc c
kh nng gy ri ro hng hi cn c ch r. Cc thit b hng hi hin c v sp lp t
nh n, phao, du hiu trn t lin c lin quan ti vic t neo buc cng cn c
ch r trn bn .

Bn y bin
Chiu su nc ghi trn bn c lp da trn c s bn hng hi khu vc. Bn
phi da trn s o chiu su xc nh c cc v tr cch nhau theo chiu ngang l
15 m hoc nh hn v lp ct qua y vi khong cch theo chiu cao l 1,5 m; khi y
bin khng ng nht th khong cch ny cn rt ngn. Nu dng my qut nh v bng
thu m qut sn ( Sonar) hoc my qut dy (Wire drag) kho st, th khong cch
c th c tng ln.
Cn nu c th su ca cc chng ngai vt nh xc tu chm, , cc... Ni c
chng ngi vt, su di su nc yu cu cn phi s dng my qut nh v
bng thu m qut sn hoc my qut dy kho st v nhng ni chiu su nc
vt qu nhiu so vi chiu su nc cn thit, th phng php kho st c th c
thay i.

Vng quay tr
Vng quay tr phi c ch r trn bn vng lm vic. Vng quay tr c nh ngha
l vng m tu thao tc quay tr cp v ri phao. Hnh dng, kch thc vng quay tr
phi c lp trn c s iu kin ti hin trng. Bn knh vng quay tr t nht phi
bng ba ln chiu di ln nht ca tu dng khi thit k phao.
Nu c th chng minh c l mi trng ti vng quay tr (gi, sng, dng chy, thu
triu) nh hng thun li cho vic buc tu v tu lun thao tc quay tr cp v ri phao
khng gp nguy him, th vng quay tr c th c thay i thch hp nhng ni tu
ko lun c dng h tr cho vic buc tu

28

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

tu, th vng quay tr c th thay i tng ng nhng ni vic buc tu phi tin hnh
trong mi trng khc nghit, cn tng bn knh ti thiu.
Vt cn c nh nh dn, thn phao khc h neo, khng c b tr nm trong vng quay
tr. ng ng di bin c th nh du bng phao ti mp vng quay tr v khng
nn t bt k ng ng no khc trong vng quay tr phao.
4

Vng xoay
Vng xoay phi c ch r v nh du trn bn . Bn knh vng xoay l tng ca
lch ngang ca phao tnh t tm trong iu kin khai thc mc thu triu thp nht, hnh
chiu ngang ca chiu di dy, xch buc trong iu kin dy buc chu ti khai thc,
chiu di ton b ca tu ln nht dng tnh chn cho phao v mt khong cch an ton
cho php 30 m.

Chiu su nc
su nc ti mi v tr trong vng quay tr phi m bo cho cc tu khi s
dng phao khng b chm y bin hoc ch nh trong mi trng thi bin.
Khi chiu su nc ca vng quay tr khng cho php buc tu c kch thc ln nht
theo iu kin mi trng lm vic thit k, th ngi thit k c th ch r chiu chm gii
hn i vi cc c tu khc nhau hot ng trong vng .
Xc nh chiu su nc da trn trn c s tnh ton, d liu th m hnh hoc o trn
tu tht, kinh nghim ngi thit k v cc ngun thng tin khc.
Ngi thit k phi chng minh r rng cho ng kim, khi xc nh chiu su nc
tnh n cc nh hng sau:
(1) Kch thc tu v cc c trng lin quan;
(2) Chiu cao sng, chu k sng, hng sng so vi tu ;
(2) Gi v thu triu;
(3) Chng chnh ng, ngang, dc, khong cch gia y tu vi y bin;
(4) ng nht ca nn hoc ch li lm y bin;
(5) Mc chun xc ca d liu kho st chiu su nc.

6.1.3
1

D liu v t nn

iu kin t nn
Tnh cht chung ca t nn y bin v s xut hin nn ti vng quay tr phi c
ch r trn bn vng hot ng. Phi trnh kt qu phn tch t v mc nguy him
ti nhng ni t b trt, l hoc c cc hin tng xu.

iu kin nn t di y bin
S liu v t ti vng ln cn vng neo buc phi c tnh ton v trnh ng kim xem
xt.
Trong trng hp neo c s dng cc hoc trng lc phi khoan ti n su
ca cc hoc n su xc nh tnh cht t.
i vi h thng neo c s dng cc neo hoc trng lc/ neo cn (Drag anchors) phi
khoan ti ch t neo n su ca cc hoc n su xc nh tnh cht t.
Mt khc, c th s dng d liu v t t nht ca hai l khoan k cn vng t phao
xc lp mt cch y mt ct t ti vng c cc neo.
29

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

6.1.4
1

iu kin mi trng v d liu dng khi thit k

iu kin mi trng thit k

Khi thit k phao phi xem xt cc iu kin mi trng sau y:
(1) iu kin lm vic
iu kin mi trng lm vic ca phao c xc nh l trng thi bin cc i khi
tu vn c buc vo phao m ti trng v ng sut khng vt qu gi tr cho
php nu ti Chng 6 v Chng 7 trong Quy chun ny. Cc tr s v gi, sng v
dng chy kt hp dng cho thit k phi da trn d liu ca vng hot ng c
cng nhn.
(2) iu kin bo
iu kin bo thit k phao l iu kin mi trng vi gi mnh nht, sng v dng
chy ln nht da trn d liu thu thp trong 100 nm. Khi c bo khng cho php
buc tu vo phao, tr khi phao c thit k c bit cho iu kin ti trng trn.
Cc tr s v gi, sng v dng chy kt hp dng cho thit k phi da trn d liu
ca vng hot ng c cng nhn.

Sng
(1) Sng trong iu kin lm vic: cc c trng sng trong iu kin lm vic nu ti
6.1.4-1 phi c xc nh. c trng sng bao gm chiu cao sng ng k (h1/3 trung bnh ca 1/3 s sng cao nht), cng ph v chu k ph trung bnh ca sng.
(2) Sng bo thit k
c trng sng trong iu kin bo c quy nh ti 6.1.4-1 thit k phao v neo
n phi c xc nh theo d liu thu thp trong khong thi gian t nht l 100 nm.
Cc thng s m t sng bo bao gm: chiu cao sng ng k v chiu cao sng
cc i (gi tr sng cc i l sng c cao nh sng ln nht so vi mc nc
trung bnh thp nht), thng s sng v, ph sng, chu k ph trung bnh tng ng
vi sng cc i, triu dng i vi sng cc i. Khi cc kt cu c thit k vi
sng c thi gian lp li nh hn quy nh, th phi ghi ch vo trong ti liu thit k.
(3) Thng k sng
Phi trnh bn thng k sng ti vng neo buc. Bng thng k c lp da trn c
s phn tch d liu sng. Thng k sng sut hin gm bng ch r phn b tn sut
chiu cao, chu k, hng sng v bng hoc th ch ra chu k sng bo thit k.
D liu v sng nn ly t thit b ghi t trong khu vc phao trong khong thi gian
di m bo tin cy cho vic thng k sng. Nu thit b ghi sng t ni
c su hoc bin h khc so vi vng t phao, th cn thc hin vic tnh chuyn
d liu v cho vng neo phao. Cng c th xc nh d liu v sng da trn kt qu
quan st sng trong thi gian di m bo tin cy ca kt qa thng k ti
trm trn b hoc t ti liu cng b. Khc bit gia bo quan st, chiu cao sng
cc i so vi bo dng cho thit k cn c xem xt.
Thng k sng cc i phi da trn c s bng ghi sng trong thi gian di
m bo tin cy cho vic thng k sng.

Gi
(1) Gi trong iu kin lm vic

30

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

c tnh gi trong iu kin lm vic nu ti 6.1.4-1. Vn tc gi xc nh ti cao
10 m trn mt nc bin trung bnh trong 1 pht. Gi mt gi vi ph gi thch hp c
th c dng thay cho cch tnh trn.
(2) Gi bo
c tnh gi trong iu kin bo dng cho vic thit k phao nu ti 6.1.4-1, c xc
nh trn c s d liu gi trong khong thi gian khng t hn 100 nm. Vn tc gi
tnh ti cao 10 m trn mt nc bin trung bnh trong mt pht. C th dng gi
mt gi vi ph gi thch hp tnh ton.
(3) Thng k gi
Vic thng k phi da trn s liu v gi c phn tch v lp ta vng hot
ng. Thng k gi gm: hoa gi hoc bng ch r phn b tn sut v tc , hng
gi v bng hoc th ch r chu k xut hin gi cc i v phn trm thi gian vn
tc gi trong iu kin khai thc c th vt qu trong thi gian mt nm v trong
thng hoc ma xu nht.
Bo co v thng k gi ti vng hot ng phi c trnh ng kim xem xt.
Thng k gi phi thc hin trn c s d liu v gi c phn tch v lp.
Thng k gm: hoa gi hoc bng ch r phn b tn sut v vn tc, hng gi v
bng hoc th ch r chu k xut hin gi cc i v phn trm thi gian vn tc gi
trong iu kin khai thc c th vt qu trong thi gian mt nm v trong thng hoc
ma xu nht.
Nu c th, thng k cn da trn d liu o ti vng ln cn phao trong thi gian
di m bo tin cy cho vic thng k gi. Nu vng t trm thit b o b nh
hng ca b, o, hoc vng buc tu ngoi khi xa, phi tnh chuyn v cho
vng neo buc v trnh ng kim xem xt. Thng k c th da trn vn tc gi xc
nh t gradients p lc theo bn thi tit trong thi gian di m bo tin
cy. Nu khng c bn thi tit, thng k c th da trn kt qu t ti liu
cng b. Kt qu ghi phi c xem xt v phn tch li. S khc bit ca cc
quan st so vi bo cc i v vn tc gi cc i cn c tnh ton.
4

Dng chy
(1) Dng chy trong iu kin lm vic
c trng dng chy trong iu kin lm vic nu ti 6.1.4-1. Dng chy trong iu
kin lm vic c nh ngha l dng chy ln nht ng vi gi ln nht v sng ln
nht, khi tu vn c buc vo phao. Vn tc dng chy ti b mt v y bin phi
c a vo tnh ton. Nu phn b vn tc dng chy khng tuyn tnh, vn tc
dng chy ti nhiu im trung gian theo chiu su phi c a vo tnh ton.
(2) Dng chy trong bo
c trng dng chy trong bo nu ti 6.1.4-1. Vn tc dng chy ti b mt v y
bin phi a vo tnh ton. Nu phn b vn tc dng chy khng tuyn tnh, vn
tc dng chy ti nhiu im trung gian theo chiu su phi a vo tnh ton.

Thu triu gi (seiche)

Nu v tr neo buc nm bn trng (basin) hoc vng khc b tc ng ca thu triu gi,
th v tr so vi nt triu gi phi c kho st. Thu triu gi c xc nh nh l
dao ng ca nc gy ra do s xo trn ca gi, sng, p lc kh quyn hoc ng t
trong thi gian di. Vng neo buc nm gn nt thu triu gi c th b nh hng ca
dng m khng d bo c. Nu vng neo buc nm ti hoc gn nt thu triu gi,
31

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

dng chy do thu triu gi s phn x thnh dng lm vic v dng ln nht, v nh
hng ca chu k dng chy n phn ng ca tu phi c xem xt.
6

D liu thu triu

D liu thu triu da trn thu triu thin vn v nc dng do bo. Thu triu cc i v
trung bnh ti vng neo buc phi c xc lp. Phi trnh y s liu lm c s lp
d liu thu triu. Mc thu triu c th c t bng ghi thu triu ti vng ln cn hoc
cc bng thu triu c cng b cho vng ln cn. Nu v tr ghi nhn thu triu xa
vng buc tu, th vic tnh chuyn cho vng ny phi c thc hin.
nc dng cc i do bo vng neo buc phi c xc lp, nu neo buc vng
b bin hoc v tr ca sng. Phi trnh d liu tnh gi tr nc dng do bo.
nc dng cc i do bo ly t bng ghi thu triu gn v tr vng neo buc. Nu v tr
thu thp s liu thu triu xa vng neo buc, vic tnh chuyn cho vng ny phi c
thc hin. Phi trnh duyt tnh ton nc dng do bo trong iu kin bo thit k (cc
tr).

S liu v nhit
S liu v nhit ti vng lm vic phi c trnh duyt.

6.2

Ti trng thit k

6.2.1

Ti trng thit k

Cc iu kin thit k c lp theo kch thc tu v cc iu kin ti trng khc nhau

xc nh trng thi ti trng ti hn trong iu kin mi trng c nu ti 6.1.4.
Ngi thit k phi trnh cc bng tnh cho iu kin thit k. Cc ti trng sau y phi
c xem xt khi thit k.
(1) Ti trng tnh v lc ni;
(2) Ti trng mi trng;
(3) Ti trng buc;
(4) Ti trng mi.

6.2.2

Ti trng tnh v lc ni

Ti trng tnh l trng lng ca kt cu phao cng cc b phn i km v cc thit b c

nh trn kt cu. Lc ni ca phao tc ng t di ln, phn b ca n ph thuc vo
phn b phn chm ca kt cu.
6.2.3
1

Ti trng mi trng

Phi a vo thit k ti trng mi trng do cc yu t sau:

(1) Sng;
(2) Gi;
(3) Dng chy;
(4) Thu triu v nc dng do bo;
(5) Sinh vt bin bm;
(6) Nhit khng kh v nc bin;

32

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(7) Cc hin tng khc nh sng thn, trt t y bin, thu triu gi, t l khng
bnh thng ca khng kh trong nc, m khng kh, mn... c th c xem
xt ring.
2

Ti trng sng
Ti trng sng ln kt cu phao v tu phi c xc nh bng phng php thch hp
nh l thuyt di, l thuyt sng nhiu x, phng trnh Morison.
Ti trng sng ln neo thp phi c xc nh ph hp vi yu cu ca QCVN 49 :
2012/BGTVT Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp v gim st k thut gin c nh
trn bin

Ti trng gi
Vi tu ang buc vo phao, c th tnh ti trng gi ln tu bng cch s dng cc h s
hnh dng nu trong cc ti liu thch hp. Vi thit b trn tu c hnh dng v b tr
khng bnh thng, ti trng do gi tc ng ln n c th tnh nh lc cn v nu cn c
th b sung. C th phi th trong ng kh ng hc cho mt s thit k xc nh ti
trng gi.
Ti trng gi ln kt cu phao v tu c xem l khng i i vi gi mt pht. Ngi
thit k cng c th dng gi mt gi vi ph tng ng trong khi thit k.
Ti trng gi ln kt cu phao, cc phn hng gi v cc b phn khng bnh thng trn
tu c th tnh nh lc cn. p lc gi Pw ln bt k mt hng gi no c tnh theo
cng thc:
Pw = 0,0623 x Cs x Ch x v2w (kg/m2)
trong :
vw - vn tc gi, tnh bng m/s;
Cs - h s hnh dng (khng th nguyn);
Ch - h s chiu cao (khng th nguyn);
Ch- nh hng ca profil vn tc gi vw theo chiu cao, tnh theo cng thc:
Ch = (vz/vch)2
trong :
vz - vn tc gi ti cao z trn ng nc c tnh nh sau:
vz = vch x (z/zch), tnh bng m/s
vz c ly bng vn tc gi tham chiu vch khi cao z nh hn cao
tham chiu zch;
vch - vn tc gi ti cao tham chiu zch = 10 m, tnh bng m/s;
= 0,10, thng dng vi gi trung bnh mt pht, gi tr khc ph hp cho vng
hot ng cn c tnh n.
Ti trng gi tng ng trn mt hng gi:
Fw = pw x Aw (kg)
trong :
Aw - Hnh chiu mt hng gi trn mt chun vung gc vi hng gi, tnh bng m2.

33

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Lc gi tng cng bng tng cc lc do gi tc dng ln cc mt hng gi. C th tham
kho h s hnh dng ca cc dng kt cu c trng ti Bng 6.2.1. H s chiu cao ca
profile vn tc gi (ng vi gi tr = 0,10) c trnh by ti Bng 6.2.2, cho mi khong
thay i cao 16,5m.
Bng 6.2.1 H s hnh dng Cs cho mt hng gi
ng tr

0,5-1,0

Thn phao trn ng nc

Thng tng

Dng k cu ring bit (cn cu, x ngang, gc)

1,5

Vng di boong (nhn)

Vng di boong (x v sng hng gi)

1,3

Kt cu thanh ging (mi mt)*

1,25

(*)

30% tng hnh chiu din tch cc khi cho c mt trc v sau.

Bng 6.2.2 - H s chiu cao Ch (dng cho = 0,10)

Chiu cao ng nc

Ch

(m)

(feet)

(1 pht)

0,0 15,3

0 50

1,0

15,3 30,5

50 100

1,19

30,5 -46,0

100 150

1,31

46,0 -61,0

150 200

1,40

61,0 76,0

200 250

1,47

76,0 91,5

250 300

1,53

91,5 106,5

300 - 350

1,59

Ti trng dng chy

Vi tu ang buc vo phao c th tnh ti trng dng chy tc ng ln tu bng cch s
dng h s nhn c t th m hnh. Vi cc kt cu chm trong nc c hnh dng v
b tr khng bnh thng c th phi th m hnh xc nh lc dng chy.
Ti trng dng chy ln phao chm v/hoc kt cu, thn tu ang buc, dy neo, ng
ng hoc vt chm khc gn lin vi h thng phi tnh vi profil dng chy thch hp.
C s ca profil dng chy ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng nu trong 6.1.4-1
34

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Ti trng dng chy Fc tc ng ln phn chm ca kt cu phao, xch neo, ng ng
mm...s c tnh nh lc cn theo ch dn sau y:
Fc = 1/2 x CD x AcUc x |Uc| (t)
trong
- mt nc bng 1,025 t/m3 ;
CD - h s cn (khng th nguyn);
Uc - vn tc dng chy, tnh bng m/s;
Ac - din tch chu tc ng dng chy, tnh bng m2.
5

Ti trng buc
Ti trng thit k ca tai buc, cc chi tit buc tu vi phao (dy, xch buc hoc kt cu
ni cng nh cng, thanh ngang) c th tnh trn c s th m hnh ca h thng, hoc
bng phng php gii tch c kim tra bng th m hnh ca h thng tng t. Phi
tnh ton xc nh ti trng buc cho tn s cao, thp v ng lc hc dy. Gi tr cc tr
vi kh nng xut hin nhiu nht tm c bng cch phn tch theo min thi gian i
vi bo thit k m t 6.1.4-2 ko di 3 gi, nu khng c d liu khc v thi gian ko
di.
(1) Ti trng buc lm vic
Ti trng buc ch lm vic l ti trng tc ng ln kt cu phao v nn khi c
tu buc. Ti trng phi c xc nh trong iu kin mi trng lm vic thit k
nh nu ti 6.1. Ti trng buc tu phi xc nh cho dy, xch buc, kt cu ni cng
tu vi phao nu c s dng v ti trng ln chn neo phao
(a) Ti trng buc tu vi phao ch lm vic.
Phi xc nh ti trng buc tu vi phao ch lm vic ca h thng phao.
Ti trng ch lm vic c nh ngha l ti trng ln nht tc dng ln
phn t buc (v d, dy, xch buc hoc cng, thanh ngang) dng cho tu kch
thc ln nht trong iu kin mi trng khi lm vic nh nu ti 6.1.4-1, tr khi
tu ang buc nh hn gy ti trng ln hn do nh hng ca gi, sng, dng
chy v thu triu ch lm vic nh nu ti 6.1. Phi trnh duyt d liu v
tnh ton ti trng buc tu trong ch lm vic.
Ti trng buc trong ch lm vic c th xc nh bng phng php thng k
t kt qu th m hnh v / hoc gii tch. Phng php th m hnh v phng
php gii tch dng xc nh ti trng buc phi phn nh c nh hng
ca gi, sng, dng chy v thu triu ln tu c hng hoc khng hng. Th m
hnh l m hnh ha h thng buc mt cch hp l v cc c trng ti trng,
chuyn v v ko cng trc chn neo nu c s dng.
(b) Ti trng chn neo ch lm vic.
Phi xc nh ti trng ln chn neo trong iu kin lm vic cho mt chn neo
hoc cc chn neo khi c buc tu. Ti trng chn neo c nh ngha l ti
trng ln nht khi chn neo chu ti ln nht vi tu kch thc ln nht dng khi
thit k phao hoc tu kch thc b hn nu tu ny gy ti trng ln. Vi h
thng neo c mt s chn neo kch thc hoc kt cu khc nhau, ti trng chn
neo lc lm vic cn c xc nh ring cho mi chn neo. Phi trnh duyt d
liu th m hnh v/hoc tnh ton ti trng chn neo trong ch lm vic.
(2) Ti trng bo thit k
35

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Ti trng bo nh nu trong 6.1.4-1 phi xc nh cho kt cu phao, mi chn neo v
nn mng. Phi trnh duyt d liu th m hnh v/hoc tnh ton ti trng bo.
6

Ti trng mi
Ti trng sng ln neo thp phi c xc nh ph hp vi yu cu ca QCVN 49 :
2012/BGTVT Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp v gim st k thut gin c nh
trn bin.

6.3

Kt cu v n nh

6.3.1

Quy nh chung

Ni chung mt phao c kt cu dng ni hoc c nh.

1

Kt cu phao ni
Kt cu phao ni gm thn phao c gi bng mt hoc nhiu chn neo ti v tr nh
truyn lc buc n y bin, thit b v ng ng dng chuyn hng hoc sn
phm v lm sn b tr cc im buc dy.

Kt cu phao c nh
Kt cu phao c nh nh phao neo SALM hay neo thp thng c ta ln y bin
bng cc cc hoc trng lc. Phao neo SALM thng c thit k nh kt cu ni,
cn neo thp c thit k gm cc b phn dng ng. phao kiu ny thit b v h
ng dng chuyn hng hoc sn phm v to thnh sn b tr cc im buc dy
hoc ni cng.

6.3.2
1

Ch tiu thit k chung

bn kt cu
Chi tit kt cu v khung sn phi c kch thc v bn chu c ti trng
lm vic v ti trng trong bo nh xc nh ti 6.2. Mi im buc tu vi phao phi
thit k chu mt phn ti trng lm vic tng cng tng ng ca thit b buc (dy,
xch buc hoc thanh ngang). Mi im ni vi neo hoc mng cc phi thit k chu
c ti trng ln hn trng ti trng lm vic v ti trng bo. Mc ng sut do ti trng
xc nh theo 6.2 gy ra phi nm trong pham vi yu cu ti 6.3.3 v 6.3.4.

Mng cc
Vi phao s neo vo cc, phi thit k cc theo cc yu cu ca QCVN 49: 2012/BGTVT
Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp v gim st k thut gin c nh trn bin.

Chng n mn
Ph thuc vo kiu v cng dng ca kt cu c th xem xt mc gim kch thc kt
cu c lp sn bo v v c gn hoc khng gn ant t hu vi kch thc c xc
nh theo cc yu cu nu ti 6.3.4-8, 6.3.4-9 v 6.3.4-10. Lng gim kch thc ti a
s l 10% cho tn v, nhng khng qu 3 mm, v mun chng un khng gim qu
10%. Trong trng hp ny, vic gii trnh v gim kch thc cng cc chi tit v sn
bo v, c gn hoc khng gn ant t hu v chng trnh bo dng phi c trnh
duyt. Cc bn v phi ch r kch thc kt cu theo yu cu v theo phng n xut.
Nu lng gim xut c chp nhn, th phi ghi ch trong h s l vic gim kch
thc thc hin.
Nu kch thc kt cu xc nh theo 6.3.3 v 6.3.4, hoc theo mt phng php thit k
khc vi 6.3.4-7, th phi p dng cc iu sau:
36

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(1) Nu bin php chng n mn c hiu qu, th khng cn tng kch thc kt cu. c
im ca lp sn, vic dng ant t hu v chng trnh bo dng phi trnh ng
kim xem xt.
(2) Nu khng c bin php chng n mn hu hiu, kch thc kt cu v chiu dy
phi tng ln tng ng vi gii hn ca n mn d tnh cho v tr t phao v
kiu n mn do mi trng gy ra i vi kt cu. Vic tng kch thc kt cu phi
trnh cho ng kim xem xt.
6.3.3
1

ng sut

Tnh ton kt cu
Kt cu chung ca phao phi c tnh ton theo phng php thch hp nh tnh ton
khung dn hoc theo phng php phn t hu hn xc nh ng sut tng cng cho
mi phn t kt cu di tc ng ca ti trng. Tnh ton trong cc iu kin ti trng
sau y phi trnh ng kim xem xt.
(1) Ti trng buc lm vic truyn t im buc dy, xch hoc thanh ngang n im ni
vi chn neo hoc ti nn mng.
(2) Ti trng neo ln nht tc dng ln im ni vi chn neo bao gm c ti trng sng
v ti trng thu tnh cho trng hp tnh kt cu ni.
(3) Ti trng ln nht do sng, gi v dng chy tc dng khi thit k kt cu c nh.

ng sut un
(1) Quy nh v n nh cc b. Khi tnh ng sut un, din tch mp km hu hiu phi
tnh n lng gim theo l thuyt mt n nh cc b. Np gia cng cc b phi c
kch thc trnh mt n nh cc b hoc ng sut cho php phi uc gim
theo t l thch hp.
(2) Ti trng t lch tm
Khi xt ng sut un, phi k ti bin dng do khi xc nh nh hng ti trng dc
trc t lch tm v m men un do n gy ra c cng vi m men un tnh cho
cc ti trng khc.

ng sut do mt n nh
Kh nng b mt n nh cc phn t kt cu phi c xem xt theo 6.3.4-3. Vi kt cu
phao c nh, mt n nh kt cu dng ng cng phi c tnh ton.

ng sut ct
Khi tnh ng sut ct ti cc vch, thnh ca c cu kho, tm mn, th ch xt nh hng
din tch ca tm thnh. Chiu cao ton b ca c cu c th coi l chiu cao tm thnh.

6.3.4
1

ng sut cho php

Quy nh chung
Cc chi tit kt cu ca phao phi c tnh ton trong cc iu kin ti trng nu di
y v ng sut tng cng ca chng cng phi c xc nh trong cc iu kin .
Vi mi iu kin ti trng c xem xt, cc ng sut sau y phi c xc nh v
khng c vt qu ng sut cho php nu ti 6.3.4-2.
(1) ng sut do kt qu tc dng tng hp ca trng lc, ti trng mi trng v ti trng
buc trong iu kin lm vic nh ti 6.1.4-1.
37

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

(2) ng sut do kt qu tc dng tng hp trng lc, ti trng mi trng v ti trng
buc trong iu kin c bo nh ti 6.1.4-1.
2

ng sut trong chi tit

Tng thnh phn ng sut v ng sut tng cng nu phi tnh khng c vt qu
ng sut cho php
F c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
F = Fy/FS
Fy - gii hn chy ca vt liu;
FS - h s an ton;
Vi ti trng lm vic thit k nh nh ngha ti iu 6.3.4-1(1)
FS = 1,67 cho ng sut dc trc hoc ng sut un;
FS = 2,50 cho ng sut ct;
Vi ti trng bo thit k nh nh ngha ti iu 6.1.4-1(2)
FS = 1,25 cho ng sut dc trc hoc ng sut un;
FS = 1,88 cho ng sut ct.

Tnh ton n nh
Khi xt mt n nh ca mt phn t kt cu do ng sut nn hoc ct hoc do c hai, th
ng sut nn hoc ct khng c vt qu ng sut cho php tng ng F c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
F = Fcr/FS
Fcr - ng sut ti hn gy mt n nh do nn hoc ct tng ng vi hnh dng kt
cu, iu kin bin, kiu ti trng, vt liu...
FS - h s an ton;
FS = 1,67 cho ti trng lm vic thit k nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-2;
FS = 1,25 cho ti trng bo thit k nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-2.

Chi tit kt cu chu tc ng kt hp ca lc dc trc v un

(1) Chi tit chu tc ng kt hp nn dc trc v nn do un, ng sut tnh ton phi
tho mn cc yu cu sau:
Khi fa/Fa 0,15 th

(fa/Fa) + (fb/Fb) 1,0

Khi fa/Fa > 0,15 th fa/Fa +[Cmfb/(1- fa/F'e)Fb] 1,0

v iu kin b sung ti cc u ca phn t:
1,67 (fa/Fy) + (fb/Fb) 1,0 cho ti trng lm vic thit k nh nh ngha ti 8.3.4-2
1,25 (fa/Fy) + (fb/Fb) 1,0 cho ti trng bo thit k nh nh ngha ti 8.3.4-2
(2) Khi cc chi tit kt cu chu ko dc trc cng vi ko do un, ng sut tnh ton phi
tho mn yu cu sau:
fa + fb Fy/1,67 cho ti trng lm vic thit k nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-2
fa + fb Fy/1,25 cho ti trng bo thit k nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-2
38

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Trong mi trng hp, ng sut nn do un fb tnh ring khng vt qu Fb.
trong :
fa - ng sut pht sinh do nn hoc ko dc trc;
fb - ng sut nn hoc ko tnh ton do un;
Fb - ng sut nn dc trc cho php l gi tr nh nht trong cc gi tr sau:
- ng sut chy chia cho h s an ton i vi ng sut dc trc nu ti 6.3.4-2
- ng sut do mt n nh chung chia cho h s an ton nu ti iu 6.3.4-5(1)
- ng sut do mt n nh cc b chia cho h s an ton i vi ng sut dc trc
nu ti iu 6 . 3.4-5(2).
Fb - ng sut nn gii h n do un, xc nh bng cch ly gi tr nh hn trong
cc ng sut chy hoc ng sut do mt n nh cc b chia cho h s an ton
nu ti 6.3.4-2.
Fe = 5,15E/(Kl/r)2;
Fe = ng sut le c th tng thm 1/3 cho ti trng tng cng nu ti 6.3.4-2;
E = mun n hi;
l = chiu di khng ta ca ct;
K = h s chiu di hu hiu c tnh n iu kin gi ti hai u ca chiu di. Trong
trng hp c chuyn v ngang u ct, h s K khng c ly nh hn 1,0;
r- bn knh qun tnh;
Cm - h s c xc nh nh sau:
- Vi cc chi tit chu nn ca khung c chuyn v ca nt Cm = 0,95;
- Vi cc chi tit chu nn ca khung c nt b ngm v khng chu ti trng ngang
trong mt phng b un.
Cm = 0,6 - 0,4 (M1/M2)
nhng khng nh hn 0,4, trong M1/M2 l t s ca m men nh nht v mmen
ln nht ti cc u mt ca on chi tit khng c ging trong mt chu un ang
xt. T s M1/M2 dng khi chi tit b un vng ln v m khi b un vng xung.
- Vi cc chi tit chu nn ca khung c gi b ngm khng c dch chuyn trong
mt phng chu ti v chu ti trng ngang gia cc gi, gi tr Cm c th xc nh
bng php tnh hp l. Mc du vy, cc gi tr sau y c th dng thay cho gi
tr tnh ton.
Chi tit vi cc u mt b ngm
Cm = 0,95
Chi tit vi u mt khng b ngm
Cm = 1,0
5

ng sut do mt n nh ct
(1) Mt n nh chung. Vi cc chi tit chu nn b mt n nh chung, th ng sut gii
hn c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Fcr = Fy - (Fy2/42E)(Kl/r)2 vi Kl/r < (22E/Fy)1/2
39

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

Fcr = E/(Kl/r)2 vi Kl/r (2E/Fy)1/2
Fcr - ng sut do mt n nh chung;
Fy - nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-2;
E, K, l, r - nh nh ngha ti iu 6.3.4-4(2).
H s an ton cho mt n nh chung c xc nh nh sau: Vi ti trng do
trng lc v buc nh 6.3.4-2
FS = 1,67 [1+ 0,15Kl/r/(22E/Fy)1/2 ]
FS = 1,92

vi Kl/r < (2E/Fy)1/2

vi Kl/r (2E/Fy)1/2

Vi ti trng tng cng nh nu ti 6.3.4-2

FS = 1,25(1+ 0,15Kl/r/(2E/Fy)1/2 vi Kl/r < (22E/Fy)1/2
FS = 1,44

vi Kl/r (2E/Fy)1/2

(2) Mt n nh cc b
Cc chi tit chu nn dc trc hoc nn do un phi c xem xt n nh cc b theo
phng php thch hp b sung vo mt n nh chung nu ti 6.3.4-5(1)
Nu v tr khng c np dc hoc np theo chu vi, th phi tin hnh tnh ton nh
gi mt n nh cc b, khi t l kch thc ca v tr nm trong phm vi sau:
D/t > E/9 Fy
D - ng knh trung bnh ca v tr;
t - chiu dy v tr;
E v Fy nh nh ngha ti 6.3.4-5(1).
6

Tiu chun ng sut tng ng cho kt cu dng tm

Vi kt cu dng tm chn trn c s ca tiu chun ng sut tng ng v tnh theo
ti trng nu trong 6.1.4-1; h s an ton s xem xt ring.

Thit k kt cu
V v khung sn kt cu ni phi thit k ph hp vi yu cu ti 6.3.3 v 6.3.4. Ngoi
ra, kch thc tm, np gia cng v x ngang cn phi tho mn thm cc yu cu ti
6.3.4-8, 6.3.4-9 v 6.3.4-10. V v sn ca phao c th thit k da trn c s phn tch
c h thng c tnh n c p lc tnh v ng do mi trng bin v p lc ca cht lng
cha bn trong kt v khoang.

Tm
(1) Tm v v vch kn nc. Chiu dy tn v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
t = (sk (qh)1/2 /254)+ 2,5 mm
nhng khng nh hn 6,5 mm hoc s/150 + 2,5 mm, ly gi tr ln hn.
t = chiu dy, tnh bng mm
s = khong sn, tnh bng mm
k = (3,075 - 2,077) ( + 0,272) khi (1 2)
k = 1 khi ( > 2)
= t l cc cnh ca tm (chiu di/chiu rng)
40

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

q = 24/Y , tnh bng kg/mm2
Y = gii hn chy (kg/mm2) hoc 72% ca bn ko, chn gi tr nh hn.
h = khong cch ln nht (m) t mp di ca tm n nh sng cao nht cho
trng hp tnh ton bt li nht hoc h=1,0 m, ly gi tr ln hn.
(2) Tm cc kt
Nu khong khng bn trong l kt, th chiu cao ct p thit k h trong cng thc
nu ti (1) phi tnh t mp thp nht ca tm n im nm ti 2/3 khong cch t
nh kt n nh ng trn hoc 1,0 m, ly gi tr ln hn. Nu t trng cht lng vt
qu 1,05, th chiu cao ct p h trong mc ny cn tng ln 1,05 ln.
9

Np v x ngang
Mun chng un mi np vch hoc x ngang c mp km khng c nh hn
SM = fchsl2 (cm3)
Trong :
f = 7,8;
c = 0,9 cho np c u ngm cht vi boong hoc sn ti cc u mt hoc ngm ti
mt u cn u kia gi ln sng dc;
c= 1,0 cho np c 2 u gi ln sng dc;
h = khong cch thng ng (m) t gia chiu di l n cng chiu cao khi xc nh
chiu cao ct p h nh ca tm (xem iu 6.3.4-8(1));
s = khong cch gia cc np, tnh bng m;
l = chiu di gia cc gi , tnh bng m. Ni no dng m ni vi tn v, boong
hoc vch v m ni tho mn nh trong Bng 6.3.4 v c gc ct vt xp x 45, th
chiu di l c th tnh n im cch chn m mt khong bng 25% chiu di ca
m.
Bng 6.3.4 - Chiu dy ca m v kch thc mp b ca chng, tnh bng mm
Chiu di
cnh ln

Chiu dy*
Khng c
mp b

C mp b

Chiu rng
mp b

150

6,5

175

7,0

200

7,0

6,5

30

225

7,5

6,5

30

250

8,0

6,5

30

275

8,0

7,0

35

300

8,5

7,0

35

325

9,0

7,0

40

350

9,0

7,5

40

41

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

375

9,5

7,5

45

400

10,0

7,5

45

425

10,0

8,0

45

450

10,5

8,0

50

475

11,0

8,0

50

500

11,0

8,5

55

525

11,5

8,5

55

550

12,0

8,5

55

600

12,5

9,0

60

650

13,0

9,5

65

700

14,0

9,5

70

750

14,5

10,0

75

800

10,5

80

850

10,5

85

900

11,0

90

950

11,5

90

1000

11,5

95

1050

12,0

100

1100

12,5

105

1150

12,5

110

1200

13,0

110

* Chiu dy ca m c tng ln tng ng trong trng hp chiu cao mi hn

nh hn 2/3 chiu dy m.
10 Sng dc v c cu kho
(1) Yu cu bn
Mi sng dc hoc c cu kho sn, x v np phi c mdun chng un khng
c nh hn
SM = fchsl2 (cm3)
f = 4.74
c = 1,5
h - khong cch thng ng (m) tnh t trung im ca S trong trng hp sng
dc hoc t trung im ca l trong trng hp l c cu kho n cng chiu cao
h nh ca tm (xem 6 . 3.4-8(1));
s - tng ca na chiu di (m) v mi pha sng dc mn hoc c cu kho ca
cc np hoc cc x c ;
l - chiu di (m) gia cc gi . Nu dng m ni vi tn v, boong hoc vch v
tho mn yu cu trong Bng 6.3.4 v cc gc ct vt xp x 45, th chiu di l c
42

QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

th tnh n im cch u mt ca m l 25% chiu di ca n.
Nu thanh ging chu nn c b tr ni cc sng dc hoc c cu kho ti
mi pha ca kt v t cch nhau khng qu bn ln chiu cao sng dc hoc c
cu kho, mun chng un ca sng dc hoc c cu kho c th bng mt na
kt qu tnh trn.
(2) T l kch thc
Sng dc v c cu kho phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 0,125 chiu di (l), khi
khng c np gia cng v 0,0933 chiu di (l) khi c np gia cng. Chiu dy ca
sng dc v c cu kho khng c nh hn 1% chiu cao cng thm 3mm, nhng
khng nn ln hn 11 mm. Ni chung, chiu cao ca chng khng c nh hn 2,5
ln chiu cao ca l khot.
(3) M chng vn
M chng vn ca sng dc v c cu kho c b tr cch nhau 3 m ch tit din
thay i. Nu chiu rng ca tm mt vt qu 200 mm phi c m chng vn
tm mt.
6.3.5

n nh

Thn phao c chia ra nhiu khoang kn nc bng cc vch. Phi b tr cc l ngi

chui kn nc i n tt c cc khoang kn chnh c th b ngp nc.
1

n nh nguyn vn
Thn phao phi m bo n nh trong nhng trng hp sau:
(1) Trn nc tnh, phao khng buc vo chn neo;
(2) Trong thi gian lp t;
(3) Trong iu kin lm vic vi y tt c cc chn neo c buc vo phao v c
ko cng trc di tc dng ca ti buc;
(4) Khi ko, nu phi ko phao.
Ngi thit k phi kim tra cc ch tiu sau:
(a) Chiu cao tm nghing phi c gi tr dng m bo n nh ban u trn
nc tnh, khi phao khng buc vo chn neo;
(b) n nh d tr chng li momen lt do mi trng, ti trng lm vic khi
ko, lp t hoc khai thc. ng nc mi trng thi cn bng phi nm
di im vo nc u tin;
(c) Cc khoang cn phi b tr cho thn hoc phao phao khng b lt hoc chm
do lc ko ca cc chn neo khi cng trc v sc cng ca ng dn/ng ng
mm di phao trong iu kin bo thit k.

n nh s c
Ngi thit k cn m bo rng phao phi c lc ni, khi mt khoang mn b thng.
ng nc khi mt khoang b thng phi nm di im vo nc th nht trong iu
kin cn bng s c.

6.3.6

Kt cu phao neo c nh

Kt cu phao neo c nh phi c tnh ton dng khung khng gian, tnh n trng
lc, ti trng chc nng, ti trng mi trng v ti trng buc trong iu kin lm vic v
43

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iu kin cc tr. Vi phao c dng SALM tnh ton phi ph hp vi yu cu ti 6.3.3 v
6.3.4. Vic ni tu vi sn phao neo c nh khc vi quy nh ti 6.4.5 phi c thit k
y . Phao neo c nh phi c thit k chu c iu kin lm vic v bo nh
nu ti 6.1.4-1. Kt cu m c phn t ni phi p ng yu cu ti 6.3.3 v 6.3.4, cn kt
cu neo thp c thit k nh kt cu c nh c trng lc gm cc phn t ng phi
tho mn QCVN 49 : 2012/BGTVT Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn cp v gim st
k thut gin c nh trn bin.
6.3.7

Yu cu b sung v kt cu

Cn thit k mt h thng thch hp trnh h hng h thng vn chuyn hng do va

chm vi tu phc v.
6.3.8

Kt ni dng cho ng dn/ ng ng mm

Kt ni dng to lc ni ng dn v ng ng mm thuc h thng phao. ng sut

mng mng trung bnh ti p lc th phi nh hn 90% gii hn chy ti thiu khi th
thu lc v phi nh hn 80% gii hn chy khi th bng kh nn. ng sut kt hp ca
ng sut mng mng trung bnh v ng sut un p lc lm vic thit k cn gii hn
mc n 50% bn cc i hoc gii hn chy ti thiu, ly gi tr no nh hn. Khi p
lc bn ngoi khng cn bng vi p lc bn trong, th gi tr ca ng sut ny cn phi
c kim tra v n nh ti hn.
6.4

Buc v neo

6.4.1

Quy nh chung

Cc tai buc v cc neo ca phao phi c thit k sao cho khng lm h hng ng
di phao hoc ng ng mm khi mt dy neo b t trong iu kin mi trng thit k
nu ti 6.1.4-1.
6.4.2

im neo

Cc neo phi c lc bm. i vi h thng neo vi neo cn (drag anchor), lc bm

ca mi neo cn xc nh bng cch s dng c tnh ca mu t ly t y bin. Kiu
neo phi tnh chn ph hp vi cc iu kin ca nn y v ti trng thit k neo ti a.
H s an ton v lc bm thit k ca neo khng c nh hn 2,0 trong iu kin lm
vic khi c tu buc vo phao v khng nh hn 1,5 trong iu kin bo (khng c tu
buc). Nu h s an ton ca chn neo nh hn, phi tnh ton b sung cho trng hp
mt dy b t nh nu ti 6.4.3, h s an ton lc bm ca neo trong trng hp dy
t ch lm vic khng nh hn 1,6.
Trng hp h thng phao dng cc neo, mng cc phi thit k theo cc cc tiu chun
c cng nhn. Bin bn ng cc hoc bm trm cc c trnh duyt cho mi cc.
Phng php lp t cc v thit b dng lp cc phi c nu trong bin bn ng cc.
Vi h thng neo dng trng lc phi tnh ton kh nng chng trt, nh v lt
trng lc. Phi a vo tnh ton lc mi trng, trng lc v ti trng buc. nh hng
ca xi trng lc phi c xem xt trong thit k.
Khi s dng h thng neo vi neo cn (drag anchor), mi dy neo phi th ko n 80%
ti ln nht theo thit k v trong khong thi gian 30 pht vi s c mt ca ng kim
vin. Cc tnh ton hoc d liu t thc tin c trc phi trnh h tr cho vic chn
h thng neo v s lng im neo xem 6.1.3-2.

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6.4.3

Chn neo

Cc chi tit chn neo phi c thit k vi h s an ton chng t nh sau:

- iu kin bo thit k khng c tu buc vo cc dy cn nguyn vn 2,5.
- iu kin lm vic c tu buc vo cc dy cn nguyn vn

3,0.

H s an ton nh hn 2,5 v bn t ti thiu ca cc b phn chn neo s c

php cho trong iu kin khai thc, nu vic tnh ton buc ca h thng neo vi mt dy
bt k b t c h s an ton bng 2,0 tnh cho bn t ti thiu b phn chn neo.
Kt cu neo ca h thng phao c nh phi chn theo 6.3.6.
6.4.4

Neo v xch

Cc neo v xch phi thit k v ch to ph hp tiu chun c cng nhn.

6.4.5

Buc tu vo phao

Cc dy, xch buc dng ni phi c thit k vi cc h s an ton chng t ca

dy yu nht. bn t ca dy cho hoc dy, xch buc c xc nh bng th
nghim. bn t ca dy, xch buc phi l gi tr thp nht trong iu kin t hoc
kh.
Vi mt x ma lun dy

FS = 1,67

Vi nhiu x ma lun dy

FS = 2,50

Khi tu c buc vo phao bng dy, xch buc chy qua hai x ma lun dy tr ln th
ti trng dy, xch buc cn tnh nh n ch qua hai x ma.
Dy, xch buc phi c ch to ph hp vi Phn 7B QCVN21:2010/BGTVT.
Khi dng kt cu cng ni tu vi phao, th kt cu ny phi tho mn yu cu ca tiu
chun c cng nhn.
6.4.6

Cc b phn kt cu

Nu khng c yu cu g khc, th cc b phn kt cu v b phn c kh (xch ni, ma

n...) dng truyn ti trng buc c thit k theo gi tr ti trng ln hn trong 2 ti
trng sau:
2,50 ln ti trng chn neo thit k ln nht (hoc xch neo) trong iu kin bo.
3,0 ln ti trng chn neo thit k ln nht (hoc xch neo) trong iu kin lm vic.

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CHNG 7

THIT B V H THNG

7.1

H thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm

7.1.1

Quy nh chung

Nhng quy nh trong mc ny p dng cho h thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm v cc
b phn km theo ca phao. H thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm gm cc b phn t
c cu ni vi ng ng bin ti y bin n bch ni u tin trn tu. Cm van
(PLEM) nu c, phi tha mn cc quy nh ca mc ny.

iu kin p dng cho ni ng ng

Cc iu kin sau y dng cho vic ni cm van (PLEM) hoc ni ng ngm vi ng
dn/ ng ng mm di phao.
(1) Phi neo vo y bin nhm chng li ti trng do sng, dng chy v lc do phao v
ng ng ngm gy ra;
(2) Phi c thit b ngt ngn cch phao vi ng ng t di y bin.

7.1.2

Vt liu

Vt liu cho h thng chuyn hng hoc sn phm phi tun theo cc yu cu nu ti
4.1.2.
7.1.3
1

ng dn/ ng ng mm

Quy nh chung
Chiu di ca ng/ ng ng mm, quy nh v tnh ni, ng tch gia cc ng dn/ ng
ng mm, kp pha ngoi (nu yu cu) v gc ni vi u ng ng v vi phao cn
xc nh trn c s cc tnh ton sau y:
(1) Dch chuyn ti a ca kt cu phao trong iu kin lm vic khi c tu buc vo v
iu kin khng c tu buc vo;
(2) Chuyn ng ca cc thnh phn ca h thng;
(3) Ngoi lc tc ng ln h thng ng dn/ ng ng mm;
(4) Trng lng ring ca sn phm trong h thng ng dn/ ng ng mm k c cc
loi sn phm khc d nh trc v nc bin.

ng dn/ ng ng mm di phao
H thng phi c thit k trnh c xt ng dn/ ng ng mm vo thn phao hoc
phao, chn neo v cc ng dn/ ng ng mm khc (nu c). H thng c thit k
trnh mi mn do va chm vo y bin trong iu kin c bo phi c xem xt ring.
Khi thit k phi tin hnh kim tra mc va chm. Phi tin hnh gia cng ng dn/
ng ng mm trong vng un cong ln nht. Quy trnh lp rp, tho g (nu c) v bo
dng cn phi trnh ng kim xem xt.

ng ni
Phi t thit b nng u ng ni. Phi trang b on ng c bit u ng pha tu
iu tit un ca ng ti mp mn tu. Pha u ng dn ni vi tu phi c mt
bch kn ngn nc bin lt vo. Cn xem xt trang b khp xoay, ng gia cng
c bit hoc c hai loi ti ch ni ca ng ni vi cc b phn ca h thng phao. Phi
trang b khp cch ly vi van ngt trn mi on ng ni, m bo chng c p sut
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QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

tng t ngt (surge) v qu ti dc ng v gim thiu mc nhim nu p sut vt
qu mc quy nh hoc trn du t tu du.
4

Ch to
Tt c cc ng phi c thit k ch to ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn v phi
c s gim st ca ng kim. ng mu cng phi c duyt ph hp vi yu cu ca
tiu chun c cng nhn. Cc khc bit so vi yu cu ca tiu chun s c xem xt
cho tng trng hp c th v cn c gii trnh y v s khc bit y.
Vt liu bu lng v vng m cng nh thit k ca chng phi p ng tiu chun thit
k c cng nhn v ph hp vi mc ch s dng.
ng ng mm, nu dng phi p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn (v
d, TCVN 8404:2010).

p sut thit k ca h thng

p sut thit k l gi tr ln hn trong hai gi tr sau y:
(1) Ct p ngt cm van trn tu ti dng 0, cng vi trng lng ca cht lng cha
trong ng ca phao;
(2) Ct p do p sut tng t ngt khi ng van.

Th
Mi on ng phi c th thu lc v th chn khng ph hp vi yu cu ca tiu
chun c cng nhn v khi th phi c mt ng kim vin. Trong mi trng hp khi
p sut thit k ca h thng qu 15,8 kg/cm2 phi tin hnh th thu lc p sut khng
nh hn p sut thit k. Nu dng ng ng mm, th ng phi c th theo tiu chun
c cng nhn (v d, TCVN 8404:2010).

7.1.4
1

Khp hng hoc sn phm cng cc h thng v thit b lin quan

Khp hng hoc sn phm

(1) Thit k
Khp hng hoc sn phm phi lm bng thp v c ni bng bch hoc hn. Phi
trnh duyt chi tit ca khp ni ng c nh vi ng xoay ca phao. Nhng chi tit
ny phi bao gm chi tit cc b phn c nh v xoay, chiu dy tm, v tr b tr
ming ng, thit k m kn v bi, v hn. Thit k khp phi tnh n t hp bt li
nht ca ti trng s p dng v t nht cc lc sau phi c xem xt:
(a) M men quay khi ng cho mi khp ti p lc thit k ln nht;
(b) Trng lng khp v cc b phn kt cu ca n;
(c) Ti trng ng do chuyn ng ca tu;
(d) Ti trng ng ng;
(e) Lc buc;
(f) Ti trng do p sut;
(g) Ti trng do nhit.
Cc b phn chu p lc ca khp cn phi c thit k ph hp vi tiu chun
c cng nhn.
B phn kt cu ca khp v my mc vn hnh phi tha mn 6.3 ca quy chun
ny hoc tiu chun thit k c cng nhn khc.
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(2) Th
Th phi c thc hin ti c s sn xut ph hp vi quy trnh th c duyt vi
s c mt ca ng kim vin. Quy trnh phi ch ra tiu chun r r c th chp nhn
v quy nh th ti thiu sau y:
(a) p sut thy lc it nht bng 1,5 ln p sut thit k, thi gian th t nht trong 2
gi;
(b) p sut thy lc ti p sut thit k cho 2 vng quay theo mi hng tc
xp x 10 pht 1 vng;
(c) p sut thy lc ti p lc thit k cho 4 vng quay. Vng quay u theo chiu
kim ng h v vng sau cng ngc chiu kim ng h. Mi ln quay l 30 vi
tc l 30 giy trn 30 v 30 giy ngh gia 2 ln quay. M men quay khi
ng v m mem quay cn c ghi li vi mi gc quay 30. Nu khp cht
lng xoay cng khp buc, th vic th phi c thc hin nh mt h thng kt
hp.
2

H thng pht hin r r, phc hi r r v iu p

Ton b ng ca h thng phc hi r r v iu p phi lm bng thp hoc tng ng
v c thit k ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn.
m kn cch ky, chng vt p sut hoc cn bng p sut s c dng gia m kn
di cng v khp cho sn phm kh hoc cht lng c kh i qua.

(1) buc
chu ti trng dy, xch buc trong iu kin lm vic, ti trng trong kt cu quay
v ti trng buc phi c thit k vi h s an ton khng nh hn 2 m bo
khng lm chy mt .
Bu lng dng lp rp phi thit k ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn. Vi cc
bu lng chu ko ln phi xem xt n t do n mn.
(2) xoay
xoay khng chu ti dy, xch buc cn c thit k ph hp vi tiu chun c
cng nhn.

Chng n mn
Mt ngoi ca khp xoay phi ph bng cht chng n mn ph hp. Cc chi tit lm
bng vt liu chng n mn khng cn dng lp ph. Kh nng b n mn do CO2, O2
hoc H2S trong hng hoc sn phm phi c xem xt khi thit k khp.

7.1.5
1

H thng ng chuyn hng hoc sn phm

ng ng
Ton b h thng ng chuyn hng hoc sn phm trn phao phi lm bng thp v
c ni bng bch hoc hn. H thng ng phi ni chc chn vi phao v neo chng
li cc lc pht sinh t p sut bn trong v dng chy trong h thng v ti trng do h
ng dn/ng ng mm to ra. Phi c ch cho ng co gin. ng c th ti xng sau
khi ch to vi p sut ti thiu bng 1,5 ln p sut thit k vi s c mt ca ng kim
vin.

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H thng ng chuyn hng hoc sn phm c lp t trn phao phi tho mn tiu
chun c cng nhn.
2

Van
Van ngt phi c t trn phao cho mi ng ng chuyn hng. Van c ch to
bng thp v c th vn hnh bng tay v th ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn.
Van phi tiu chun l cc van khng c cp chng ch theo tiu chun c cng
nhn. Vic s dng van phi tiu chun phi c xem xt ring. Cc bn v ca van loi
ny c ch r chi tit kt cu v vt liu, p sut nh mc cng nh tnh ton thit k hoc
kt qu th bt n phi c trnh xem xt.

Bch v ph kin
Bch v ph kin phi c ch to v th ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn. Bch
v ph kin phi tiu chun l bch v ph kin khng c cp chng ch theo tiu chun
c cng nhn. Vic s dng bch v ph kin phi tiu chun c xem xt ring v bn
v ca cc chi tit kt cu, vt liu v tnh ton hoc th nghim ca chng phi trnh np
xem xt.

Mi ni gin n
Mi ni gin n phi c p sut lm vic cho php ti a khng ln hn mt phn ba p
sut n thu tnh ca mi ni. Vi mi ni gin n phi kim loi, bn v mt ct ngang ca
mi ni c ch r kt cu ca mi ni gm ph tng ni ghp v bng k vt liu phi c
trnh np xem xt. Vi mi ni gin n kim loi, bn v mt ct ngang ca mi ni cng
bng k vt liu phi trnh np. Cc tnh ton khng nh mi ni gin n thit k ph
hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn v ph hp mc ch s dng cng phi c trnh
np xem xt.

Cm van (PLEM)
Cc yu cu ca 7.1.5-1, 7.1.5-2 v 7.1.5-3 cng c p dng cho ng ng, van, bch
v ph kin to thnh cm van (PLEM).

Chng n mn
H thng ng chuyn hng hoc sn phm, van v ph kin cn phi c ph pha
ngoi bng lp chng n mn. Khng cn dng lp ph ny vi cc chi tit lm bng vt
liu chng n mn. Kh nng b n mn do CO2, O2, hoc H2S trong hng hoc sn phm
phi c xem xt khi thit k h thng ng.

7.2

H thng v thit b ph tr

7.2.1

Quy nh chung

Cc h thng ph tr nh thu lc, kh nn, du, dn, o, kim tra lp trn phao phi tho
mn cc yu cu ca tiu chun c cng nhn, tr cc iu nu ti mc ny.
7.2.2

Bm ht kh

Cc phao phi c trang b cc phng tin bm nc cn v ht kh cc kt v

khoang trng. Bm tay c php dng trong h thng ht kh thay th cho bm ht kh
c nh.
7.2.3

o su kt

Phi trang b cc thit b o su bng tay cho cc kt v khoang trng.

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7.2.4

H thng thng hi kt

Tt c kt c y hoc ht kh bng h thng bm c nh v cc khoang trng

m h thng ng p lc i qua phi b tr cc ng thng hi.

Kt cu kt hoc khoang trng phi c cc l khot m bo cho kh v hi t tt c

cc ni ca kt hoc khoang trng t do di chuyn n ng thng hi. Mi kt hoc
khoang trng phi lp t t nht mt ng thng hi nm v tr cao nht ca kt. ng
thng hi phi b tr t y kh trong iu kin bnh thng. Ming l thng hi
trn boong h phi kt thc bng on ng cong quay xung. Phi trang b cc
phng tin c nh ph hp ng ng thng hi.

ng knh trong ca ng thng hi khng nh hn 51 mm, tr trng hp c bit

c duyt ring.

Nu cc kt c y cht lng bng bm, th tng din tch l thng hi ca kt t

nht bng 125% din tch hu hiu ca ng ng nc x vo kt. Ngoi cc yu
cu nu trn, th lu lng bm v ct p phi chn ph hp vi kch thc l thng
hi.

ng thng hi phi a ln ch thong v cao hn boong t nht l 760 mm, tr

trng hp cao gy cn tr cng vic ca phao. Khi s dng ng thng hi c
chiu cao thp hn phi m bo rng cc thit b ng v cc yu t khc ph hp
cho vic s dng ng thng hi loi ny.

7.2.5

Cc b phn ph tr

Cc b phn c kh ph tr nh pa lng, ti, thit b gip ni nhanh, tho nhanh phi

c thit k ph hp vi tiu chun c cng nhn.
7.3

Vng nguy him v trang thit b in

7.3.1

Quy nh chung

Trang b in trn phao phi p ng cc yu cu ca TCVN 5316:2001 Cng trnh bin

di ng Quy phm Phn cp v ch to Trang b in v cc yu cu b sung hoc
sa i trong mc ny.
7.3.2
1

Vng nguy him

nh ngha
Nhng vng nguy him: vng nguy him l cc khu vc c th pht sinh ho hon lin tc
hoc tng lc. Vng nguy him c chia thnh vng 0, 1 v 2 v c nh ngha nh
sau:

Vng 0: vng m hn hp hi v kh d n xut hin lin tc hoc xut hin trong thi
gian di.

Vng 1: vng m hn hp hi v kh d n c kh nng xut hin trong iu kin khai

thc bnh thng.

Vng 2: vng m hn hp hi v kh d n chc chn khng xut hin v nu c ch

tn ti trong thi gian ngn.

Khng gian kn l khng gian c gii hn bng cc boong v vch, c th c hoc

khng c ca ra vo, ca s hoc cc l tng t khc.

Phn vng
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Vng trong vng 3 m xung quanh khp hng hoc sn phm vng h c coi l vng
2.
Nu khp hng v sn phm lp trong khong khng gian kn, th khng gian ny c
coi l vng 1.
Bn trong cc kt, khp hoc ng cha hydrocacbon c coi l vng 0.
7.3.3
1

Dy cp in v kiu thit b in dng trong vng nguy him

Thit b in
Thit b in v dy cp in sau y c chp nhn lp t trong cc vng nguy
him:
(1) Vng 0: ch c dy cp in hoc thit b in an ton v bn cht c chng nhn mi
c dng cho vng 0.
(2) Vng 1: thit b in v dy cp in dng trong vng 1 phi l:
(a) Mch in hoc thit b in v dy cp in an ton v bn cht c chng nhn;
(b) Thit b in phng tia la c chng nhn;
(c) Thit b in tng an ton c chng nhn; mt tng an ton phi tnh n
bo v chng qu ti;
(d) Thit b in kiu kn iu p (h thng iu chnh p lc phi p ng tiu chun
cng nghip c cng nhn);
(e) Cp gn c nh v bc kim loi, hoc lp trong ng kim loi c b phn kn kh
chng n. Ngoi l: dy cp mm, nu cn c th lp song phi m bo l
loi chu ti nng.
(3) Vng 2: thit b in v cp dng c trong vng 2 l cc thit b in chp nhn cho
vng 1 v thit b in sau y m bo nhit lm vic khng qu 315 C v m
bo cc chi, thit b ng m hoc thit b to tia la c chp nhn dng cho vng
1 gm:
(a) Mt lng sc kn;
(b) Thit b cp sng c nh, trnh h hng c hc;
(c) Bin th, solenoid hoc cun tr khng trong v bc kn thng dng;
(d) Cp vi o bc chng m v chng h hng c hc.

Lp t dy cp in
Dy dn in phi b tr cng xa cng tt nhng vng thng c kh t li. Khng c
t u ni cp trong vng nguy him, tr khi mch in an ton v bn cht. Nu cn ni
dy cp in trong vng nguy him (nh ni gia cp mm vi cp khng mm), mi ni
phi c t trong hp ni c duyt.

7.3.4

Khp ni in

Nu phi b tr trong vng nguy him, khp ni in phi c cp chng ch trn c s

th c lp trong phng th nghim ph hp lp trong vng theo nh iu 7.3.2 ca
Quy chun ny.
Dng nh mc ca khp ni in phi chu c dng ton ti ca ngun cung
cp.
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7.4

Quy tc an ton

7.4.1

Trang b hng hi

n tiu
n tiu phi c trang b theo quy nh ca Chnh quyn hnh chnh. Nu phao nm
ngoi vng nc ch quyn ca Chnh quyn hnh chnh hoc nu nh Chnh quyn
hnh chnh khng c quy nh th t nht phi trang b:
Mt n trng gc nhn 360, tm nhn 5 hi l vi truyn kh quyn 0,95, nhp nhy
su ln trong 1 pht v lm vic t nht t lc mt tri ln n lc mt tri mc theo gi
a phng. V tr ng dn ni c nh du bng n nhy.

Tn hiu sng m
Vic trang b tn hiu sng m bng m thanh s c xem xt ring trong tng trng
hp c th.

Phn x raa
Vic trang b phn x rada s c xem xt ring trong tng trng hp c th.

7.4.2

Thit b chng chy

Phao phi c trang b t nht mt bnh cu ho xch tay kiu B-II. Ni c kh nng xy
ra chy do in phi c trang b mt bnh cu ho xch tay kiu C- II. C th ch trang
b mt bnh thch hp dng chung cho cha chy do du v do in gy ra. Bnh cu ho
kiu B - II c th l loi 9,5 lt bt, 6,7 kg CO2 hoc 4,5 kg ho cht kh. Bnh cu ho
kiu C - II c th l loi 6,7 kg CO2 hoc 4,5 kg ho cht kh.
7.4.3 Nhn dng
Tn hoc s hiu phi c trao cho mi phao ph hp vi yu cu ca ng kim. Tn
hoc s hiu phi ghi c nh trn kt cu v vo s ng k cng trnh bin nu lin quan
n cng trnh du kh v tu bin cho cc trng hp cn li. Thc nc phao cn phi
ghi c nh t nht ti 2 v tr ca phao.

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CHNG 8
8.1

Quy nh chung

8.1.1

Mc ch

CC YU CU I VI PHAO TN HIU

Chng ny c p dng ring cho cc phao tn hiu do c im n gin v kt cu

v phm vi s dng ca cc phao tn hiu.

Bt k cc quy nh t Chng 2 n Chng 6 ca Quy chun ny, cc phao tn hiu s

c xem xt p dng cc yu cu lin quan ca phao neo n mc m cng dng v
tnh nng ca phao neo, theo quan im ca ng kim, cn thit phi p dng.

8.1.2

Cc yu cu p dng

Phao tn hiu p dng cc yu cu k thut t Chng 2 n Chng 6 ca Quy chun

ny. Kt cu v h thng ca phao theo Chng 4 ca Quy chun ny, khng cn thit
phi p dng iu 6.3.5-3.
8.2

Bo hiu hng hi

8.2.1

Quy nh chung

Cc phao tn hiu phi c thit k c xem xt n vic b tr cc bo hiu hng hi ph

hp vi cc yu cu ca Quy chun QCVN 20: 2010/BGTVT v QCVN 39: 2011/BGTVT.

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III QUY NH V QUN L

1.1

Quy nh v chng nhn v ng k k thut phao

1.1.1

Quy nh chung

Tt c cc phao thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Quy chun ny phi c kim tra, chng
nhn v ng k k thut theo cc quy nh ti 1.1.2 v 1.1.3 di y.
1.1.2

Giy chng nhn cho phao

Phao neo du kh c cp Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k theo mu ti Thng t s

33/2011/TT-BGTVT, phao tn hiu v phao neo khng phi phao neo du kh c cp
Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k theo mu ti Thng t s 15/2013/TT-BGTVT, nu
phao c thit k tha mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.

Phao neo du kh c cp Giy chng nhn phn cp nh nu ti Thng t s

33/2011/TT-BGTVT, phao neo khng phi phao neo du kh c cp Giy chng nhn
phn cp phao neo theo mu s 2 ti Ph lc ca Quy chun ny, nu phao hon thnh
kim tra phn cp.

Phao tn hiu c cp Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu theo mu s 1 ti
Ph lc ca Quy chun ny sau khi hon thnh kim tra ln u.

Cc giy chng nhn nu -2 v -3 trn phi c xc nhn duy tr hiu lc hng nm

v cp li vo cc t kim tra nh k, nu kt qu cc t kim tra cho thy phao v cc
trang thit b lp t trn phao c bo dng v duy tr trng thi tha mn cc quy
nh ca Quy chun ny.

1.1.3
1

ng k k thut phao

ng k
Phao neo du kh s c ng k vo S ng k cng trnh bin, phao neo khng phi
l phao neo du kh s c ng k vo S ng k k thut tu bin Vit Nam sau khi
phao c ng kim trao cp. Cc phao tn hiu tu bin s c ng kim ng
k vo S ng k k thut tu bin Vit Nam sau khi hon thnh kim tra ln u ca
ng kim.

S ng k k thut bao gm cc thng tin chnh nh sau: tn phao, ch phao, cng

dng, s phn cp, kch thc chnh, nm, ni ch to, vt liu phao v cc thng tin cn
thit khc.

Sau khi b rt cp, phao b xa tn khi S ng k k thut cng trnh bin hoc tu bin.
Nu c kim tra phn cp li th phao c ti ng k vo S ng k k thut cng
trnh bin hoc tu bin.

1.2

Rt cp, phn cp li v s mt hiu lc ca giy chng nhn

1.2.1

Rt cp

Phao neo c trao cp s b ng kim rt cp v xa tn khi S ng k k thut

cng trnh bin hoc tu bin trong cc trng hp sau:
(1) Phao khng cn s dng c na;
(2) Phao khng c kim tra duy tr cp theo quy nh ca Quy chun ny theo ng
thi gian ghi trong giy chng nhn phn cp;
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(3) Khi ch phao khng sa cha nhng h hng hay khuyt tt c nh hng n cp
ang s dng ca phao theo yu cu ca ng kim;
(4) Khi c yu cu ca ch phao;
(5) Ch phao khng tr l ph kim tra.
2

Cc phao tn hiu s b ng kim thu hi Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu
v xa tn khi S ng k k thut tu bin nu thuc vo cc trng hp nu -1 trn.

Cc phao neo khi b rt cp s b ng kim thu hi giy chng nhn phn cp hoc giy
chng nhn phn cp tm thi.

1.2.2

Phn cp li

Phao b rt cp nu mun phc hi cp hoc trao cp khc th ch phao c th xin

phn cp li. Cp ca phao ny s c ng kim quyt nh sau khi kim tra trng thi
k thut hin ti v xem xt trng thi k thut ca phao vo lc phao b rt cp.

Nu kt qu kim tra cho thy trng thi k thut ca phao ph hp vi cc yu cu

nu trong Quy chun ny th ng kim c th phc hi cp m trc y phao c
trao hoc trao cp khc nu xt thy ph hp.

1.2.3

ng k li

Sau khi b rt cp hoc thu hi Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu, phao b
xa tn khi S ng k k thut cng trnh bin hoc tu bin. Nu c kim tra li tha
mn th phao s c phn cp li nh 1.2.2 v ti ng k vo S ng k k thut cng
trnh bin hoc tu bin.
1.2.4

Thay i k hiu cp phao

ng kim c th thay i hoc hu b cc k hiu cp n nh cho phao nu c s

thay i hoc vi phm cc iu kin lm c s trao cp trc y cho phao.

Vic thay i hoc hu b cc k hiu cp ny phi c cp nht vo S ng k k

thut cng trnh bin hoc tu bin.

1.2.5
1

S mt hiu lc ca cc giy chng nhn phn cp

Giy chng nhn phn cp ca phao neo, Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu
s t mt hiu lc khi:
(1) Phao b rt cp nh quy nh trong 1.2.1;
(2) Sau khi phao b h hng m ng kim khng c thng bo tin hnh kim tra
bt thng ngay sau khi h hng;
(3) Phao c hon ci v kt cu hoc c thay i v thit b nhng khng c ng
kim ng hoc khng thng bo cho ng kim;
(4) Sa cha cc hng mc nm trong cc hng mc thuc s gim st ca ng kim
nhng khng c ng kim chp nhn hoc khng c ng kim gim st;
(5) Phao hot ng vi cc iu kin khng tun theo cc yu cu i vi cp c trao
hoc cc iu kin hn ch quy nh;
(6) Cc yu cu trong t kim tra ln trc, m yu cu l iu kin trao cp hoc
duy tr cp khng c thc hin trong thi gian quy nh;
(7) Ch phao khng thc hin cc quy nh v kim tra duy tr cp phao;
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(8) Phao dng hot ng trong thi gian qu ba thng, tr trng hp dng phao sa
cha theo yu cu ca ng kim.
1.3

Qun l h s

1.3.1

Cc h s do ng kim cp

Phao sau khi c ng kim kim tra tha mn yu cu ca Quy chun ny th phao s
c cp cc h s sau y:
(1) H s thit k c thm nh bao gm ti liu thit k thm nh v Giy
chng nhn thm nh thit k;
(2) H s kim tra nh 1.2.2-1(6) Mc I v cc chng ch vt liu, sn phm, thit b lp
t trn phao.

1.3.2

Lu gi h s kim tra

Tt c h s do ng kim cp cho phao phi c ch phao lu gi v bo qun. Cc

h s ny phi c trnh cho ng kim xem xt khi c yu cu.
1.3.3

Bo mt

Tt c cc h s do ng kim cp cho phao s c ng kim bo mt v khng cung

cp bt k bn tnh/ bn v/thuyt minh/ni dung chi tit no (k c bn sao ca chng)
cho bt k ai khi cha c s ng trc ca ch phao, tr trng hp c bit - do yu
cu ca c quan c thm quyn.
1.4

Th tc cp giy chng nhn

1.4.1

Th tc cp Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k v Giy chng nhn phn cp

cho phao neo du kh

Phao neo du kh c cp Giy thm nh thit k v Giy chng nhn phn cp theo
quy nh ti Thng t s 33/2011/TT-BGTVT.
1.4.2
1

Th tc cp Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k cho phao tn hiu v phao neo
khng phi phao neo du kh

Trnh t thc hin

(1) C s thit k hon thin h s thit k theo quy nh v np h s thit k cho Cc
ng kim Vit Nam;
(2) Cc ng kim Vit Nam tip nhn h s thit k, kim tra thnh phn h s thit k:
nu h s thit k cha y thnh phn theo quy nh th tr li bng vn bn
hng dn C s thit k hon thin li, thi gian trong vng 1 ngy lm vic, k t
ngy tip nhn h s; nu h s thit k y thnh phn theo quy nh th vit
Giy hn thi gian tr kt qu.
(3) Cc ng kim Vit Nam thc hin thm nh thit k: nu h s thit k cha t
yu cu th li bng vn bn cho C s thit k b sung, sa i; nu h s thit
k t yu cu th cp Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k cho phao tn hiu v phao
neo khng phi phao neo du kh.

Cch thc thc hin

C s thit k np h s v nhn kt qu trc tip ti tr s Cc ng kim Vit Nam
hoc qua h thng bu chnh hoc qua Fax, Email.
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3

Quy nh v h s thit k
(1) Thnh phn h s, bao gm: 01 giy ngh thm nh thit k theo mu s 3 ti Ph
lc ca Quy chun ny v 03 ti liu thit k phao (bn chnh).
Khi lng, ni dung ti liu thit k phao c quy nh ti Quy chun phi c
trnh by theo cc quy nh hin hnh.
(2) S lng h s: 01 b.

Thi hn gii quyt

Thi gian thm nh thit k v cp Giy chng nhn thm nh thit k hoc thng bo
h s thit k khng t yu cu chm nht trong vng 20 ngy lm vic, k t ngy nhn
h s theo quy nh. Trng hp thit k phao kiu mi hoc phc tp, thi gian thm
nh thit k c th ko di, C quan ng kim thm nh thit k s tha thun vi C
s thit k.

C quan thc hin th tc hnh chnh: Cc ng kim Vit Nam.

Kt qu thc hin th tc hnh chnh: gm h s thit k c thm nh v Giy chng

nhn thm nh thit k.

Yu cu, iu kin thm nh thit k

H s thit k phao phi tho mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.

Ph v l ph
Mc ph v l ph theo quy nh ca B Ti chnh v np trc tip hoc chuyn khon cho
c quan cp giy chng nhn.

1.4.3
1

Th tc cp giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo khng phi phao neo du
kh v Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu

Trnh t thc hin

(1) T chc, c nhn hon thin h s theo quy nh v np h s cho Cc ng kim
Vit Nam;
(2) Cc ng kim Vit Nam tip nhn h s, kim tra thnh phn h s: nu h s cha
y thnh phn theo quy nh th tr li bng vn bn hng dn t chc, c nhn
hon thin li, thi gian trong vng 1 ngy lm vic, k t ngy tip nhn h s; nu
h s y thnh phn theo quy nh th tin hnh kim tra theo a im v thi
gian do t chc, c nhn yu cu;
(3) Cc ng kim Vit Nam thc hin kim tra: nu kt qu kim tra cha t yu cu
th tr li bng vn bn cho t chc, c nhn hon thin; nu kt qu kim tra t
yu cu th tin hnh cp cc Giy chng nhn phn cp phao neo theo mu s 2 ti
Ph lc hoc Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu theo mu s 1 ti Ph
lc ca Quy chun ny.

Cch thc thc hin

(1) T chc, c nhn np h s, thit b trc tip ti Cc ng kim Vit Nam hoc qua
h thng bu chnh hoc qua Fax, Email;
(2) T chc, c nhn nhn kt qu qua h thng bu chnh hoc trc tip ti Cc ng
kim Vit Nam thc hin kim tra.

Quy nh v h s
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(1) Thnh phn h s: Giy ngh kim tra theo mu s 4 ti Ph lc ca Quy chun
ny (bn chnh hoc bn sao chp trong trng hp h s np qua fax hoc email);
(2) S lng h s: 01 b.
4

Thi hn gii quyt

Giy chng nhn c cp trong vng 03 ngy lm vic, k t khi hon thnh kim tra ln
u, nh k v trong vng 01 ngy lm vic, k t khi hon thnh kim tra hng nm,
trung gian, di nc, trn v bt thng.

C quan thc hin: Cc ng kim Vit Nam.

Kt qu thc hin th tc hnh chnh bao gm: Giy chng nhn phn cp cho phao neo
hoc Giy chng nhn an ton k thut phao tn hiu.

Yu cu, iu kin kim tra

Phao c cp giy chng nhn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.

Ph v l ph
Mc ph v l ph theo quy nh ca B Ti chnh v np trc tip hoc chuyn khon cho
c quan cp giy chng nhn.

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IV TRCH NHIM CA CC T CHC, C NHN

1.1

Trch nhim ca ch phao, c s thit k, ch to, hon ci v sa cha phao

1.1.1

Trch nhim ca ch phao

Thc hin y cc quy nh nu trong Quy chun ny khi phao c ng mi, hon
ci, sa cha, nhp khu, khai thc nhm m bo v duy tr tnh trng k thut ca
phao.
1.1.2

Cc c s thit k

Thit k phao tha mn cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny.

Cung cp y khi lng h s thit k theo yu cu v trnh thm nh h s thit k

theo quy nh ca Quy chun ny.

1.1.3

Cc c s ch to mi, hon ci, phc hi, sa cha phao

Phi c nng lc, bao gm c trang thit b, c s vt cht v nhn lc c trnh

chuyn mn p ng nhu cu ch to mi, hon ci, phc hi, sa cha phao.

Phi m bo tiu chun cht lng, an ton k thut khi ch to mi, hon ci, phc hi,
sa cha phao v tun th thit k c thm nh.

Chu s kim tra gim st ca ng kim Vit Nam v cht lng, an ton k thut ca
phao.

1.2

Trch nhim ca Cc ng kim Vit Nam

1.2.1

Thm nh thit k, gim st

B tr cc ng kim vin c nng lc, tiu chun thc hin thm nh thit k,
gim st trong ch to mi, hon ci, phc hi, sa cha v khai thc phao ph hp vi
cc yu cu k thut nu trong Quy chun ny;
1.2.2

Hng dn thc hin/ p dng

T chc, hng dn thc hin cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny i vi cc ch phao,

cng ty khai thc phao, c s thit k, ch to mi, hon ci, phc hi v sa cha phao,
cc n v ng kim thuc h thng ng kim Vit Nam trong phm vi c nc.
1.2.3

R sot v cp nht Quy chun

Cn c yu cu thc t, Cc ng kim Vit Nam c trch nhim bo co v kin ngh B

Giao thng vn ti sa i, b sung Quy chun ny theo thi hn quy nh ca Lut Tiu
chun v Quy chun k thut.
1.3

Trch nhim ca B Giao thng vn ti

B Giao thng vn ti (V Khoa hc - Cng ngh) c trch nhim nh k hoc t xut
kim tra vic tun th Quy chun ny ca cc n v c hot ng lin quan.

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V T CHC THC HIN

1

Cc ng kim Vit Nam t chc in n, ph bin, tuyn truyn cho cc t chc v c

nhn c lin quan thc hin/p dng Quy chun ny.

Trong trng hp c s khc nhau gia quy nh ca Quy chun ny vi quy nh ca

quy phm, tiu chun v quy chun k thut khc lin quan n phao th p dng quy nh
ca Quy chun ny.

Khi c cc vn bn ti liu c vin dn trong quy chun ny c s thay i, b sung

hoc thay th th thc hin theo quy nh trong vn bn mi.

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PH LC
MU GIY CHNG NHN AN TON PHAO TN HIU, PHN CP
PHAO NEO, GIY NGH THM NH THIT K,
GIY NGH KIM TRA
Mu s 1
CC NG KIM VIT NAM
VIETNAM REGISTER
S:
No.

GIY CHNG NHN AN TON K THUT

PHAO TN HIU
Cp theo cc quy nh ca Quy chun k thut quc gia: QCVN 72: 2014

Tn phao:
S ng kim:
M t phao:
V tr:
Nm v ni ch to:
Ch phao:
CHNG NHN RNG
Phao tn hiu ny v cc thit b lin quan tha mn cc yu cu ca QCVN 72:2014. Do phao c chng nhn an ton
phao tn hiu (*)/Duy tr trng thi k thut phao tn hiu (*).

Giy chng nhn c hiu lc n ngy

QCVN 72: 2014.

vi iu kin phi c xc nhn hng nm ph hp vi Quy chun

Cp ti..............................................................

,ngy.......................................

CC NG KIM VIT NAM

VIETNAM REGISTER

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XC NHN HNG NM LN TH NHT
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH HAI

Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH BA
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH T
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

NHNG LU V HN CH TM THI

Ch : Giy chng nhn ny s b mt hiu lc trong cc trng hp quy nh iu 1.2.5 Mc III ti QCVN 72:2014

(*)

Gch b khi khng thch hp.

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Mu s 2
CC NG KIM VIT NAM
VIETNAM REGISTER

S:
No.

GIY CHNG NHN PHN CP PHAO NEO

Cp theo cc quy nh ca Quy chun k thut quc gia: QCVN 72: 2014

Tn phao:
S ng kim:
M t phao:
V tr:
Nm v ni ch to:
Ch phao:
Cn c vo kt qu kim tra tin hnh, chng nhn rng phao ny v cc thit b lin quan tha mn cc yu cu ca QCVN
72:2014, do phao c nhn cp (*)/phc hi cp(*) vi k hiu di y:

Cc hn ch thng xuyn:

Cc c tnh khc:
Giy chng nhn c hiu lc n ngy
QCVN 72: 2014.

vi iu kin phi c xc nhn hng nm ph hp vi Quy chun

Cp ti..............................................................

,ngy.......................................

CC NG KIM VIT NAM

VIETNAM REGISTER

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QCVN 72: 2014/BGTVT

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH NHT
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH HAI

Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra: .........................................................................
Ngy: ....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH BA
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

XC NHN HNG NM LN TH T
Cn c kt qu kim tra tin hnh, phao c xc nhn.
Ni kim tra:..........................................................................
Ngy: .....................................................................................
CC NG KIM VIT NAM

NHNG LU V HN CH TM THI

Ch : Giy chng nhn ny s b mt hiu lc trong cc trng hp quy nh iu 1.2.5 Mc III ti QCVN 72:2014

(*)

Gch b khi khng thch hp.

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Mu s 3
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc

GIY NGH THM NH THIT K

S:..................Ngy:........................

Knh gi: Cc ng kim Vit Nam

C s thit k: ........................................... ..................................................................
a ch: ....................................................... ..................................................................
in thoi:.................... .......................Fax:............................ Email: ...........................
Tn/k hiu thit k: .......................................................... ...........................................
Cc thng s v c tnh c bn:
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Quy chun k thut/Tiu chun p dng: ............................. .......................................
Ch s dng thit k: ........................................................... .......................................
C s ch to: ...................................................................... .......................................
S lng ch to: ................................................................. .......................................
Chng ti ng tr y ph v l ph thm nh thit k theo quy nh.

Ngi ngh
(K tn & ng du)

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Mu s 4
T CHC/C NHN

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
S:.

V/v:

., Ngy . thng.nm..

GIY NGH KIM TRA

Knh gi: (Tn n v ng kim)
Tn t chc/c nhn:..
a ch :
..
in thoi :Fax:.Email:
..
Ni dung ngh:..
..
..
..
a im v thi gian:
..

T CHC/C NHN
(K tn & ng du)

Ni nhn:

Nh trn ;

Lu:

66