TABLE OF CONTENT

Topics
1.

Introduction

2.

History

3.

Parts of cyborgs

4.

Overview

5.

Real world examples

6.

SCI-FI movie examples

7.

Applications

8.

Advantages and Disadvantages

9.

Conclusion

10

References

Page no

Chapter-1
Introduction
Cyborg:
A cyborg is a cybernetic organism is a being with both organic
and biomechatronic body parts. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynesand Nathan S.
Kline.
A cyborg referred to a human being with bodily functions aided or controlled by
technological devices.
The term cyborg is not the same thing as bionic, biorobot or android; it applies to an
organism that has restored function or enhanced abilities due to the integration of some artificial
component or technology that relies on some sort of feedback. While cyborgs are commonly
thought of as mammals, including humans, they might also conceivably be any kind of organism.

Cyborgs in fiction often play up a human contempt for over-dependence on technology,

particularly when used for war, and when used in ways that seem to threaten free will. Cyborgs
are also often portrayed with physical or mental abilities far exceeding a human counterpart
D. S. Halacy's Cyborg: Evolution of the Superman in 1965 featured an introduction which
spoke of a "new frontier" that was "not merely space, but more profoundly the relationship
between inner space' to 'outer space' a bridge...between mind and matter

Fig1:A normal cyborg.

Chapter-2
History
The history of cyborgs has been with us for decades, but in reality the claim to being the
first cyborg probably belongs to a lab rat.
The replacement and integration of parts of the human body with machines has been
simplified and schemed in a model of stages, as follows

Cyborg Stage 1: Replacement or augmentation of the human skeleton.

Cyborg Stage 2:Replacement or augmentation of muscle.
Cyborg Stage 3:Replacement or augmentation of parts of peripheral nervous system,
autonomic nervous system.

Cyborg Stage 4:Replacement or augmentation of parts of the central nervous system.

Fig2: first tested animal.

In 1950a rat filled with a tiny osmotic pump in Rockland state hospital in USA.
In 1953 a heart lung machine was used to control the blood circulation of an 18-year-old girl
during an operation.
In 1958 a 43-year-old man received the first heart pacemaker implant.
In 1960 insulin drips had been used to regulate the metabolisms of diabetics.

Chapter-3
Parts of cyborgs

Fig3:Vision enhancing lens

Fig4:Cochlear implant.

Fig5:Touch Bionic I-limb.

Fig6:MC3 Biolung.

Fig7:tooth and ear phone implant.

Chapter-4
Overview
According to some definitions of the term, the physical attachments humanity has with
even the most basic technologies have already made them cyborgs. In a typical example, a
human with an artificial cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator would be
considered a cyborg, since these devices measure voltage potentials in the body, perform signal
processing, and can deliver electrical stimuli, using this synthetic feedback mechanism to keep
that person alive. Implants, especially cochlear implants, that combine mechanical modification
with any kind of feedback response are also cyborg enhancements. Some theorists cite such
modifications as contact lenses, hearing aids, or intraocular lenses as examples of fitting humans
with technology to enhance their biological capabilities. As cyborgs currently are on the rise
some theorists argue there is a need to develop new definitions of aging and for instance a biotechno-social definition of aginghas been suggested.
The term is also used to address human-technology mixtures in the abstract. This includes
not only commonly used pieces of technology such as phones, computers, the Internet, etc. but
also artifacts that may not popularly be considered technology; for example, pen and paper,
and speech and language. When augmented with these technologies and connected in
communication with people in other times and places, a person becomes capable of much more
than they were before. This is like a computer, which gains power by using Internet protocols to
connect with other computers. Cybernetic technologies include highways, pipes, electrical
wiring, buildings, electrical plants, libraries, and other infrastructure that we hardly notice, but
which are critical parts of the cybernetics that we work within.
Bruce Sterling in his universe of Shaper/Mechanist suggested an idea of alternative
cyborg called Lobster, which is made not by using internal implants, but by using an external
shell .] Unlike human cyborgs that appear human externally while being synthetic internally
Lobster looks inhuman externally but contains a human internally . The computer game Deus
Ex: Invisible War prominently featured cyborgs called Omar, where "Omar" is a Russian
translation of the word "Lobster" .

Chapter-5
Real world examples

Fig8:Nigel Ackland.
The above person named nigel ackland lost his hand during an accident so he was upgraded with
an cyborg hand and now he is able to do all his work

Fig9:Jens Naumann
Jens naumann lost his eye during an accident and then in 2002 his dream became reality. He
became the first person in the world to receive an artificial vision system. His electrode eye is
connected directly to his visual cortex through brain implant.

Fig10:Neil Harbison
Neil harbison was born with achromatopsia ,he is now capable of experiencing colours .he is
equipped with a specialized electronic eye,which renders perceived colours as on the musical
scale

Chapter-6
SCI-FI Movie examples

Fig11:Robocop

Fig12:the dark knight

Fig13:Iron man
These are the sci-fi movie examples which we can watch in televisions not only these but many
sci-fi movies arre there which are using this cyborg technolgy

Chapter-7
Applications
In the military:
Military organizations' research has recently focused on the utilization
of cyborg animals or humans for the purposes of a supposed tactical advantage.
The cyborgs can be used to develop advanced body armors, detect explosives etc.

In medicine:
In medicine, there are two important and different types of cyborgs: the
Restorative and the Enhanced. Restorative technologies "restore lost function,
organs, and limbs and the Enhanced cyborg intends to exceed normal processes or
even gain new functions that were not originally present.

In the Space:
Sending humans to space is a dangerous task in which the implementation
of various cyborg technologies could be used in the future for risk mitigation.
Cyborgs can be sent into space which can be controlled by human brains at the
base station.

In the Space:
Sending humans to space is a dangerous task in which the implementation
of various cyborg technologies could be used in the future for risk mitigation.
Cyborgs can be sent into space which can be controlled by human brains at the
base station.

In Body modifications:
As medical technology becomes more advanced, some techniques and
innovations are adopted by the body modification community. Machines can be
created to replace missing or disabled body parts.

Chapter-8
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:

Long life of the mechanical parts, compared to biological parts.

Gives a part of the body back
Enables one to lead a normal life
Give a part of the body back

Improves the quality of life

Disadvantages:

Training is needed for doctors

They all are expensive
Lot of occurs during operation
Risk of infection
Psychological problems
Requires maintenance.
Likely to Die in the Creation Procedures.

Chapter -9
Conclusion
We are eventually moving towards a faster, better and a greener future.
Cybernetics is a new domain of engineering and is moving forward at a fast pace
where engineers are working on building better and safer cyborg technologies.
Cyborgs are being integrated in medical and military field are proving to be
extremely
It act as a boom to human body by improving the quality and the life .
But it also acts as a curse.
The ethics and desirability of "enhancement prosthetics" have been debated; their
proponents include the trans-humanist movement, with its belief that new
technologies can assist the human race in developing beyond its present,
normative limitations such as aging and disease, as well as other, more general
incapacities, such as limitations on speed, strength, endurance, and intelligence.

Chapter-10
Reference
1.Norbert Wiener, Donna Haraway. Cybernetics and Society-A Literature Survey. Free
Association Books: London, 1989.
2. W. Ross Ashby. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall Ltd.: London, 1999.
3. Cheng Hsu. Cyborg Intelligence-Brain Machine Interfaces(BMI),Neuromorphic
Computing. World Scientific Publishing: Singapore, 2009, pp.75116.
4. Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. Cyborgs and Space. Astronautics, 1960.
5.Wejbrandt, A (2014). "Defining aging in cyborgs: A bio-techno-social definition