Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare
and contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress
Strain
The force per
unit area
action on a
material

Deformatio
n of
materials
in response
to stress

What are the 3

faults? Describe each.

different types of

Reverse fault- fractures that form as a result of horizontal compression

Normal fault- fractures caused by horizontal shortening of the crust
involved
Strike-slip fault- fractures cause horizontal shear.

Type of
waves
Primary

Materials &
Description

Sketch

Movement

Squeeze and
pull rocks in the
same direction
along which
waves are
traveling

move materials
at right angles
to the wave
direction

Secondary

Cause rocks to
move at right
angles in
relation to the
direction of the
waves

perpendicular
to the direction
of wave
propagation

Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
Surface

Seismic wave
that move in
two directions
as they pass
through rock

Up and down
movement

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes

compare and contrast?
The greater the distance between P and S waves
on a seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance
away from the epicenter.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
energy released during an earthquake? What is the
range of the scale?
Richter scale 1-10

What is the name of the scale used to measure the

intensity (damage done) during an earthquake?
What is the range of the scale?
Modified Mercalli scale
I to XII
Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a
level 1, 5, and 10
1- Not felt except under unusual conditions
5- felt by nearly everyone. Some dishes and window
break, and
some plaster cracks

Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
10- most ordinary structures are destroyed. Rails are
bent. Landslides are common