Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare
and contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
A stress is the forces per unit area acting on a
material and a strain is the deformation of materials
in response to stress.
What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe
each.
Reverse faults are fractures that form as a result of
horizontal compression. Normal faults are fractures
causes by horizontal tension. Strike-slip faults are
fractures caused by horizontal shear.
Type of
waves
Primary

Materials & Sketch

Description
Squeeze
and pull
rocks in the
same
direction.

Movement

Secondary

Cause
rocks to
move at
right angles

Moves at
right
angles

Surface

The third
type of
seismic
wave that

Move up
and down

Move back
and forth

Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
move in
two
directions
as they
pass
through
rock.
How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes
compare and contrast?
The focus is where the earthquake originates. The
epicenter
Is directly above the focus.
The greater the distance between P and S waves
on a seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance
away from the epicenter.
Shorter.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
energy released during an earthquake? What is the
range of the scale?
Seismometers are the scales used to measure the
energy released during an Earthquake. The range of
the scale is 1-10.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
intensity (damage done) during an earthquake?
What is the range of the scale?
The name of the scale is a Mercalli Scale. The range
of the scale is I to XII.

Earthquake Guided Notes

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Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a
level 1, 5, and 10
The damage caused by a level 1 earthquake is not
felt except under unusual conditions. Level V. is felt
by nearly everyone. Some dishes and windows break,
and some plaster cracks. Level X. is most ordinary
structures are destroyed. Rails are bent. Landslides
are common.