‘Pe Arann Nato Stina il Designation: E 23 —98 Standard Test Methods for 4 Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials’ "itd sted erie ed aigaon E28: th nner med follwing te dsgnotinindeesth ear ena adhpvion er. the cise of revisioa, Se year af Li session A ume i pretiner Inet the year lat eaprovel & auperig pn te) ideas an eit change sins the fs even or tesppona, This sana fas been prove for 4 by ogencis of the Bi 4. Scope LLL These test methods describe notehed-har impact testing ‘of metallic materials by the Charpy (sismple-beam) test and the ‘zed (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for lest specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (5 Annex AL) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A), optional tst specimen configurations (see Anncx A3), pre cracking Charpy V-notch specimens (see Annex Ad), design: tion of test specimen orientation (see Annex AS), and deter mining the percent of shear fracture on the surfzce of broken impact specimens (see Annex A6). In addition, information is provided on the significance of noiched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), methods of measuring the center of sirke (see ‘Appendis K2), and the availabilty of Charpy Venotch verili- cation specimens (see Appendix X3), [2 These test methods do aot address the problems associ- ated with impact testing at temperatures belaw —196 °C {320 °F, 7 °K), 1.3 The values stated in ST units are to be regarded as the standard. tnch-pound wnits are provided for information only, 1.4 This standard does not purpart to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associared wish its we ft is the responsibility of the user of this standard 10 establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the anplica- bility of regulatory tinnitations prior to use. Specific precau- tionary statements are given in Section 5. 2, Referenced Documents 241 ASTM Standards: E177 Practice for Use of the Tecms Precision and Bids in ASTM Test Methods? £309 Tesi Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materiais? E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Energy of Metallic Matexials? E491 Practice for Conducting an interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Methoo? "Ties ies mets are ands ve jrsdleton of ASTM Commitee E28 09 ‘Mechanical Testing a ace the diet responsibly of Sabommie ESAT on lnpen tetirg Cen euion sppoves De pus 1 (938 Pubihed Meh 1009, Originally as 23-137 Last pions eden 6 23-55, mal Hak of ASTM Standands. Wot 10 mwa Book AST Sands, SL O80 E1271 Pmetice for Qualifying Charpy Verification Spx ‘meas of Heat-treated Steel? E 1313. Guide for Recommended Formats for Dats Re: Used in Computerization of Mechanical ‘I Metals! 3. Summary of Test Method 3.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suits specimen (specimens of several different types ace recogni. ‘an anvil or support on which tne fest specimen is placed receive the blow of the moving mass, a moving mass that sulficient encrgy (0 break the specimen placed in its path, ‘a device for measuring the energy absorbed by the brol specimen. 4. Signifieance and Use 4.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifical to the behavior of metal when subjected wo a single apalicat of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with notch, coupled with high rates of Ioaudiag and in some ca: with high or low temperatures. For some materials i temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specime when correlated with service experience, have been found predict the likelihood of britle fracture accurately. Furth information on significance appears in Appendix Xi 8. Precautions in Operation of Machine 5.1 Safety preeautions should be taken to protect person: {rom the swinging pendulum, flying broken specimens, : hazards associated with specimens warming and cooling meu 6. Apparatus Gl Generat Requirements: 6.1.1 The testing machine shall be a pendulum type of rig construction, 6.1.2 The testing machine shall be designed and built conform with the requirements given in Annex Al, 6.2 Inspection and Verification 6.2.1 Inspection procedures to verily impact machines « rectly are provided in A2.2 and 2.3, The items listed in AZ mst be inspected annually, 6.2.2 The procedures to verify Charpy V-notch machis * dena Bock wf ASTM Sndards, Wo 141qhe directly, using verification specimens, are given in A2A. Charpy impact machines must be verified annually. ‘Test Specimens 3.1 Configuration and Orientation: 7.1.1 Specimens shall be taken from the material as spe lied by the applicable specitication. Specimen orientation vaould be designated according to the terminology given in Annex AS. 7.1.2 The type of specimen chosen depends laygely upon the hharacteristics of the material to be ‘ested. A given specimen mnay not be equally satisfactory for soft nonferrous metals and hardened steels, therefore, many types of specimens are ‘ecpgnized. In general, sharper and deeper notches are required or | 0 distinguish differences in very ductile matericls or when sing low cesting velocities 7.1.3 The specimens shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are those most widely used and most generally satisfactory. They are particu. le] larly suitable Tor ferrous metals, excepting cast iron.? . | 7L-4 The specimen commonly found suitable for die-cast 10 | alloys is shown in Fig. 3. as | 7.1.5 ‘The specimens commonly found suitable for pow- od | dered metals (P/M) are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, The specimen 0 “en ol Sabcommitee XV on nt Testing of Commies Aon Cs ro, scenes ASTI N33 Pa (1883 i 23 surface may be in the as-produced condition or smocthly machized, bue polishing has proven generally unnecessary. Unnotched specimens are used with P/M materials, In P/M ‘materials, the impact test results are affected by specimen orientation. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the pesition of the specimen inthe machine shall be such that the pendulum ‘will strike 4 susface that is parallel to the compacting direction. 7.1.6 Sub-size and supplementary specimen recommenda- tions are given in Annex A3. 1.2 Specimen Machining: 7.2.1 When heat-treated materials are being evaluated, the specimen shall be finish machined, including notching, after the final heat treatment, unless it can be demonstrated that the impact properties of specimens machined before heat treatment ace identical to those machined after heat treatment 4.2.2 Notches shall be smoothly machined but polishing has proven generally unnecessary. However, since variations in ‘notch dimensions will seriously affect the cesults of the tests, adkering to the tolerances given in Fig. 1 is necessary (Appea” dix X1.2 illustrates the effects from varying noteh dimensions ‘on Type A specimens). In keyhole specimens, the round hole shall be cazefully drilled with a slow feed rate. The slot may be ccat by any feasible method, but care must be exercised in catting the slot f0 ensure that the surface of the drilled hole ‘opposite the slot is not damaged. i 2mm (0.0798) 70425 nm (ers) F Les Yu’ 10 94") + TYPE A © Poa tA (—Smmiowv7n iP ze, a - el L Aes 2 i J Poe oe 5 ip 1 Feb 10.mm SAWCUT seer Teomm(i/i6") apes amin (oa) Snes 7 a oe a z Pe owe ran) eae Sed) to k TYPE © « a Nore {Permissible raises shall be as follows Sc feng 0 age 022 Adacert ses shal be a a 101mm Grose-ercton cmarsens 0075 mm {100 n) {engi at spre :B,-2 5m {0.010018} ss Sonera fete 2) 1m (20.030) Rau of wsch 0025 wun (200014) Nach ee Tyre specrnen +0023 nm Typos Band € pecinin 20073 me Sih raquremens| 2um 63 un en nohed Sulace and oopaste taco: ym (125 in) FIG. 1 Charpy (Simple-eam) impact Tesi Specimens, Types A, 8, and G 138rsieihle vanatons shall bea follows en org oe Goss-ction omensons Angie at neteh Dalsoent dae eva es at oer = 9 <2" ee Oe ¥ ! | nts a .0\0" rad £9128 fm (20.01 in) 1, PR (=, 0.100 9126 mm yen 2.806 rm 001 is) "oma um 163 jn) on neched aut. and oppose FIG. 2 {rod (Cantllever-Beam) Impact Test Spocimen, Tyre D + Tee biol specimens may be ext fron this bar Nore 2—Dlow sfall be stack om nartovtest face, £259.40 esse, Pr CHa FIG. 3 lzod Impact Test Bar for Dis Castings Alloys Gompacting ' wifteciee Fo 55 om (2,285) ma 70.338 0.396" SEES. ie Nowe cri an We nv Aaacerossal bo 0° = ona Goss sesian vimanas 0 rm 0.005) fe (0,100) FIG. 4 Charpy (Simple Beam) Impact Test Specimens for wetal Powder Structural Parts 7.23 Identification marks shall only be placed ia the Fal lowing locations on specimens: either of the 10-mm square tends; the side of the specimen that faces up when the specimen is positioned in the anvils (See Note 1); or the side of the specimen opposite the notch. No markings, on any side of the specimen, shall be within 15 1m of the center line of the notch. An electrostatic pencil may be used for identification purposes, but caution must be taken to uvcid excessive heat Nore | Careful consideration should be given before placing kets fication marks on te side of he specimen tobe placed up when posiionel inthe anvils. Ite test operator i nox caret, the specimen may be place in tho machine with dhe identfestion masing resting on the specimen suppors. Uncer dese cecumstanes, ike alerted energy vate oot say be unrtable 8. Procedure 8.1 Preparation of the Apparatus: Ko. 8.1.1 Perform « routine procedure for checkiag impact machines at the beginning of each day, each shift, or just pri to testing on a machine used intermittently. Its recommended hat the results of these routine checks be kept in a log book for the machine. After the testing machine has been ascertained to comply with Annex AL and Annex A2, carry oui the routine check os follows LLL Visually examine the striker and anvils for obvious damage and weac, R.1.L2 Cheek the 2er0 position of the machine by using the following procedure: raise the pendulum to the latched posi tion, move the pointer to near the maximum capacity of th range being used, release the pendulum, and read the indicatec value. The pointer should indicate zero on machines reading ireeily in energy. On mechines reading in degrees, the readins shoul correspon to zero on the conversion chart furnished bsne 1g Ny Ailh E23 [mem] 4 foe 338 i Ta Nore Permissible varia ‘ngjacort oe stab a Longh ot spaemans of shal be follows wen 0125 mm 1.005 in} S25 mm al 10 in) IG, 5 lzod (Cantlever-eam) Impact Test Specimen for Metal Powder Structural Parts the machivw mnanafactarer, Sows 2On chines tat do sex compre for wire an fieon ssi, te ples wil aoe indicate Zero, ln this case, the indicated Values, whet averted. o energy, sal be cocteced for tritional loses that are ‘same ta he proportional to Ihe area swing 8.1.1.3 To ensure that friction and windlage losses are within allowable tolerances, the following procedure is recom- meniled: raise the pendulum to the laiched position, move the pointer to the negative side of zero, release the pendulum and allow it @ cycle five times (a forward and a backward swing logether count as one swing), prior to the sixth forward swing, setthe pointer fo between 5 and 10 % of the scale capacity of the dial, after the sixth forward swing (eleven half swings), reer the value indicated by the pointer, convert the reading t0 energy (if necessary), divide it by 1 (half swings), then divide by the maximum scale value being used and multiply it by 100 ‘o get the percent friction. The result. friction and windage loss, shall not exceed 0.4 % of seale range capacity being tested an should not change by more than 5 “é of friction measurements Freviously made on the machine. If the friction and windage loss value does exceed 0.4 % or is significantly different from fous measurements, check the indicating mechanist, the height, and the bearings for wear and damage. However, 1 the machine has not been used recently, let the pendulum Swing for 50 to 100 cycles, und repeat the friction test before Undertaking repairs to the machine. 82 Test Temperature Considerations: 8.2.1 ‘The temperature of testing affects the impact proper- lies of most materials. For materials with a body centered cubic Structure, a transition in fracture mode occurs over 2 tempera fre range thar depends on the chemical composition and Sictostructure of che matesial, Test temperatures may. he Shosen (0 characterize material behavier at fixed valucs, oF over a range of temperatures 19 characterize the transition ‘gion, lower shelf, or upper shelf behavior, or all of these. The choice of test temperature is the responsiblity of the user of ‘his test method and will depend on the specific application. 82.2 The temperature of a specimen can change signif- andy during the interval iis removed from the temperature Conditioning envirooment, iransferred to the impact machine, ‘ed the fracture event is, completed (see Note 5). When using ‘ heating or cooling medium near its boiling point, use data trom the references in Note 5 or calibration da‘a with thermo- Seuiples 10 confimm that the specimen is within the stated “emperaiure tolerances when the striker contacts the specimen, IF excessive aibatic heatiag is eapeciel, monitor the spec ‘men temperature near the notch ducing facture 8.2.3. Verity temperane-measoring equipment at least ev- ery six months. If liguid-in-glass thermometers are used, an inka! verification shail be saffctent, however, the device shall te inspected for problems, such as the separation of liquid at least twice annually. 8.24 Hold the specimen at the desived lemperature within 1°C (= 2 °F) in the temperature conditioning environment (Gee 8.24.1 and 8.2.4.2), Any method of healing or cooling or transferring the specimen to the anvils) may be used provided the temperature of the specimen immediately prio to fractare is essentially the same as the holding teraperature (see Note 5) The maximum change in the temperature of tie specimen allowed for the interval between the teraperauie coniitioning treatment and impact i ot specified here, because it is ‘dependent on the material eing tested and the application. "The user of nontraditioncl of lesser used temperature conditcning and sransfer methods (or stmple sizes) shall show that the temperature change for the specimen prior to impact is comparable 10 of less than the temperature change for a siandard size spcimen of the same material that has been thermally conuicioned in 2 commonly used medium (oil. air, nitrogen, acetone, methanal), and transferred for impact within 5 seconds (see Now 5), Three cemperature conditioning and transfer methods used in the past are: liquid bath thermal ‘comtitioning and tansfer 10 the specimen supports with cen- tering tongs: furnace thermal conditioning and robotic tanster to the specimen supports; placement of the specimen on the supports followed by in situ heating and cooling, 8.24.1 For liguid bath cooling or heating use a suitable container, which has a grid or another type of specimen positioning fixture. Cover the specimens, when immersed, with at least 25 mm (1 in.) of the liguid, and position so that the notch area is not closer than 25 an (I in.) to the sides or botiom of the container, and no part of the specimen is in Contact with the container. Place the device used to measure the temperature of the bath in the censer of a group of the specimens. Agitate the bath and hold atthe desired temperature within © ISC (= 2°P). Thermally condition the specimens for at least 5 min before testing, unless a shorter thermal condi tioning time ean be shown to be valid by messurements with thomocouples. Leave the meckanisim (longs, for example) used to handle the specimens in the bath for at least 5 minah before testing, and return the mechanism 10 the bath between tests, 8.2.42 When using + gas medium, position the specimens so that the gas circulates around them and hold the gas at the Uesined temperature within = 1°C (++ 2°F) for at least 30 min, Leave the mechanism used to remove Ue specimen from the ‘medium tn the medium except when handling the specimens, Nore }—Temperauures up 10 4260°C (4500) inay be obtained with rain ot, but “Mash-paint” emperatres must be cateully observed, Nore 4—Fer vexing al temperatures dowa to -196°C (-320°R, 77°), standané testing. procedures Inve heen fooned ta be adequate for most ‘metals Not $A study bas shown that a specimen neated to 100 C in water ‘can.c00! 19. mine 5 8 allowed for transorto the machine suopors (11° Other sts, using cooling media that are ahove thei toiling poiets at room temperature hive aloo shown lauge changes in specimen temperature luring te ransfix of specimens tothe machine anv. In addition, some materals change (emperamce drematically. during. mmpact testing. at cryogenic temperatares de to adiabatic boating (2). 83 Charpy Test Procedure: 3.1 The Chamy test procedure may be summarized as follows: the test specimen is thermally conditioned and posi tioned on the specimen suaports against the anvils; the pendu- ‘the boface suber given i gareheses refer Ut vomncey athe rd ofthe tx. 19.96 mm. (o.7as”) I Nove 1—Untest eibrwise shown, pew Spin Dani mana woroa9n 310.197) 310113) FIG. 6 Centering Tongs for Ease MAIN, mT) GD 170 (O65 te C087 G74 0 vaD (028 6 (030) 045 051 O16 16.020) E23 lum is released without vibration, and the specimen is impact by the striker. Information is obtained ftom the machine an from the broken specimen. 8.3.2 To position a test specimen in the machine, it | recommended that self-centering tongs similar to these shovw, in Fig. 6 be used (see AL.10.1). The tongs illustrated in Fig, are for centering V-notch specimens. [f keyhole specitnens aa used, modification of the tong design may be necessary, If a ‘end-centering device is used, caution must be taken to ens that low-energy high-strengih specimens will not rebound o this device into the pendulum and cause erroneously hig) recorded values, Many such devices are permanent fixtures ¢ machines, and if the clearance between the end of a specime in test position and the centering device is not approxitratal 13 mm (0.5 in), the broken specimens may rebound into th pendulum, 8.3.3 Toconxluct the test, prepare the machine by raising the pendulum tothe latched position, set the energy indicator atthe maximum seale reading, or initialize the digital display, or both, position the specimen on the anvils, and release th periiolum. Tf a Tiquid bath or gas medium is being used fa thermal conditioning, perform the following sequence in les: than $ s (or standard 10 X 10 X $5 mm specimens, see 82.4}. Remove the test specimen from its cooling (or hearing medium with centering tongs that have been temperature ‘SECTION AA 9453 mm eyes piocor silver soll to tonge parallel to each other mistible variation stall be 1 mum (004 in. Higham Oa 150 i 1.85 (060 4 OSE) 8 ts 081 (2.027 fe CORR) 036 te G49 O.914 10 G0I9) ‘Notch Charpy Specimens 42 CS aUl hh E23 conditioned with the test specimen, place the specimen in the tesi position, and, release the pendulum smoothly. Tf a test specimen bias been removed from the temperature conditioning oath and its questionable chat the tes¢ can be conducted within x05. time frame, return the specimen to the bath for the time quired in 8.2 before testing, 33.1 If fractared impact specimen does not separate into two pisces, report it as unbroken. Unbroken specimens with absorbed energies of less than 80°% of the machine capacity rmay 0 averaged with values from broken specimens. If de vodividual values are not listed, report the percent of unbroken specimens with the average. If the absorbed energy exceeds 80% of the machine capacity and the specimen passes com, ppetely between the anvils, report the value as approximate (ace (1) od net averaged with che others. If an unbroken cites does not pass between the machine anvils, the result will be reported! a8 exoseding the machine capacity. A speci- tueo shall never be struck more than once 33.3.2 IF a specimen jams in the iniciine, disregard the results and check the machine thoroughly for damage or tmaledhustment, which would aifece its calibration, 8.33.3 To prevent recording an erroneous value, caused by inring the indicator when locking the pend ints upright ‘eady") position, rea the value for each test from the ncicator prior to locking the peridulum for the next tex. 8A trod Test Procedure: 5.4.1 The lzod test procedure may be summarized as follows: the tat specimen is positioned in the specimen. holding xture and the pendutum is released without ribraton Informacion is obtained for the machite and from the broken specimen, The details are described as follow: 4.42 Testing st temperatures other than room temperature is siffcuk: Yecaase the specimen-holding Gxture for lz spe nes is offen part of the base of the machine and cannot be teailly cooled (oF heated). Conseequenty, Izod testing is not fecommended at other than room emperature, 8.43 Clamp the specimen firmly in the support vise so that the centerline of the notch is inthe plane of the top of the vise within 0.125 mmm (0.005 in.). Set the energy indicator at the Ruimum scele resding, and relzase the pendulum smoothly Scions 8.3.5.1-833.3.3 inclusively, also apply when testing Tod specimens 9. tn‘ormation Ob 1 the between ble from Impact Tests absorbed cnergy shall be taken ag the difference the eneray in the siriking member at the instant of bree, ith the Specimen and the eneray remaining. after masking the specimen. This value is determined by the ad nok 3 Stale reading which has been corrected for windage ‘id friction losses. Nowe Frvides ‘Allerative eaeans for eneegy measurement are acceptable ths accuracy of such methods can he demonsirated, Methols “10 Ue past include optical eneoders und suaia gaged sinks 9.2 Laverat Secon the expansion measurement methods must take into Fact thatthe fracture path seldam bisects the point Srimtatmum expansion on both sides of a specimen, One acre sai broken specinen may include the maxinem expanrron ee Na SiMe, one side oniy, or neither, Thetefore. the expanrion fon each side of each specimen balf must be measured relative to the plane defined by the undeformed portion on the side of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 7, Fot example, if, is greater than Aa, and Ais less than Ay, then the lateral expauision is he sun of Ay +A 4. 92.1 Before making any expansion measurements, it is essential that the two specimen halves are visually exemined for burrs that may have formed daring impact testing; if the burs will influence the latcral expansion measurements, they tnust be removed (by rubbing on emery cloth or any other suitable method), making. sure that the protrusions to be sneasured are not rubbed during the removai of the burr (also see Note 1). 9.2.2 Lateral expansion shall not be reported for epecimiens that dil not separate into two halves during the impact ist, with one exception, The lateral expansion of an unbroken specimen can be reported it the following two conditions ave ‘met: the specitnen can be separated by pushing the hinged hhalves together once and then pulling them apart without further fatiguing the specimen, and the lateral expansicn ‘measured for the unbroken specimen (prior to bering) ‘seca to or greater than diat measured for the separated halves 9.2.3 Lateral expansion may be measured easily by using a ‘gage like the one shown in Fig, 8 (assembly and deuails shown in Fig, 9), Using this type of gage the measurement is male with the Following procedure: orient the specimen halves so that the compression sides are facing each another, take one half of the fractured specimen and press it against the anvil and dial gage plunger and record the reading, make simila measurement on the other half (same side) of the frccnyred specimen and disregard the lower of the two values, do the same for the other side of the fractured specimen, report the Sum of the maximum expansions for the 2 sides as the lateral expansion for the specimen, Nore 7—Esamine each fractire suifiee to ascertain tht the prota: sons have nol been damaged by contacting the anvil, machine mounting sure, ee, Later expansion shall not ke measured such specimens 9.3 The percentage of shear fracture on the fracture sut- faces of impact specimens may be determined using « variety of methods. The acceptable methods are defined in Amex A6 ~.- ® o 8. 7 Halves of Bxoken Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimen Mustrating the Messuremant of Lateral Expansion, Dimensions Ay AeA Ay and Original With, Bimension W Ia a aE 2 : a vomitanene | A I | chi geen, lec | =a 2 Lous Po FESR RPS abe Ome RAR AO a se o fs TS ta rt A 7G cea veil nay ETAL A UEMLANGEO) om 4 tar va dome 2 r a 210A IWOICATOR StanweTY nc. 25-20 Ls mores lnm » eamarggee REAR moe Gee mae l ee Y FIG. 9 Assembly and Details tor Latoral Expansion Gage For each method, che measurement musi separate the shear mixture of cleavage and ductile fracture areas (which can Ircture area from the fat fracture «ea, as depicted in Fig. 10. elude shear), 100 % ductile, or other combinations of fracture These methods provide no information on the fracture mode of features. The user shoald characterize the flat fracture zone and the flat fracture region: the region could le 100 "é cleavave,qh E23 a dleig ae Arvo — | iehiny) —Measute average dimensions A and’ wo the aeerest 05 i Sone 2—Deiermine the peter sear recurs wsing Table! or Table 2. FIG. 10 Determination ot Pereant Shear Fracture yrovide an alequate description of how the shear measure- ments were made, Nore #—Herause of the subjective naire af the evaluation of fremre jppearanc. 115 not recarnmenuted chat ibe wied i specications WW, Report 10.1 Absorbed energy values above 80% of the scale range ‘ue inaccurate and shall be reported as approximate, Ideally an Impact fest ould be conducted at a constant impact velocity Ia pendulamstype test, the velocity decreases as the fracture Frogresses. For specimens that have impact energies approach- of the capacity of the pendulum, the velocity of the pendulum decreases (10 about 45% of the initial velocity) ‘luring fractare 1o the point that accurate impact energies are 10 longer obcained, 10.2 Far commercial acceptance testing, report the follow- ing information (for each specimen tested 10.2.1 Specimen type (and size if not the full-size speci mien), 10.2.2 Test temperate. 10.2.3 Absorbed energy, and 10.24 Any other contractual requirements 10.3 For orker than commercial acceptance testing the following information is often repored in addition (o the Inforvation in [0.2 10.3.1 Lateral expansion, 10.3.2 Unbroken specimens, 10.3.3 Fracture appearance (% shear, See Note 8), 10.3.4 Specimen orientation, and 10.3.5 Specimen location. Nore 9—A recommended ferraa for computerization of notched har lempact toot data is available in Practice & 1313, LU, Precision and Bias Lit Am Imerlaboraiory snedy used CVN specimens of low energy andl of high energy to find sources of variation in the CYN absorbed energy. Duta from 29 laboratories were in clued with each laboratory testing one set of five specimens of cach enicrgy level. Except being limited (0 only two enerpy levels (by availabilty of reference specimens), Practice E60] was followed for the design and analysis of the data, the details awe given in ASTM Research Report NO. RR:E28-1014.7 11.2 Precision—The Precision infomation given below (in umts of J and FtIbf) is tor the average CVN absorbed energy of five test determinations at each laboratory for each material Hana Low Eneray High Eroiay ee ‘Rbworbed Enwray 68h 95 % Repeatity Lit 2417 as as 85 % Reprosseeilty Lime 2723 akg ‘The terms repeatability and reproducibility mit ace used s delined in Practice E 177. The respective standard deviations among test results may be obtained by dividing the above limits by 2.8, 11.3 Bias— Bias cannot be defined for CVN absorbed energy. The physical simplicity of the pendulum design is complicated by complex energy loss mechanisms within the mechine and the specimen. Therefore, there is 20 absolute standard to which the measwred values can be compared. 12. Keywords 12.1 charpy test: fracture appearance; Tod tes notched specimens: pendulum machine impact test: ‘Supporting cts hae hee led ze ASTM Healers and my be obtained by requeuing Resear Repost F28-1014, ANNEXES (Mandatory tnformation) Al. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACT MACHINES ALI The machine jrame shail be equigped with a bubble ‘sl or a machined surface suitable for establishing tevelness Bi the axis of pendulum bearinys or, alternatively, the levetness OF the axis of rotation of the pentiulim may be measured The machine shall be level 19 within 3:1000 and ‘ccarely bolted to a concrete floor nat less than 150 eam (6 in.) ths or. when this is aot practical, the macnine shail be bolted ‘®-aounction having 2 mass nor less than 4 times that of the treet, 5 pendulum, ‘The bolts shall be tightened as specified by the tare. AL2 A scale or digital display, graduated in degrees or 5 can be estimated in increments of ige or less shall be fumished for the the energy ca machine, Al, 1 The scales and digital displays may be compensated esee i) E23 1 for windage and pendulum friction, The error in the scale reading at any point shall not exceed 0.2 % of the range or 0.4 % of the reading, whichever is larger. (See A2.3.8,) AL3_ The total friction and windave lesses of the machine during the swing in the striking direction shall not exceed 0.75 % of the scale range capacity, and pendulum energy Loss from friction in the indicating mechanism shall sot exceed 0.25 % of soale range capacity, See 2.3.8 for friction and windage oss calculations, AL4 The position of the pendulum, when hanging freely, Shall be such that the striker is within 2.5 mm (0,10 in.) from the test specimen, When the indicator has been positioned to ead 2e10 energy in a free swing, it shall read within 0.2 % of seale range when the striker of the pendulum is held against the ‘est specimen. The plane of swing of the pendulam shall be Perpendicular to the transverse axis of che Charpy sgecimen anvils or Izod vise within 321000, ALS Transverse play of the pendulum at the striker shall ot exceed 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) under a transverse force of 4 % of the effective weight of the pendulum applied at the center of surke. Radial piay of the pendulum bearings shall not exceed 0.075 mm (0.003 in.) ALO The impact velocity (tangential velocity) of the Pendulum at the center of the strike shall not be fess than 3 nor more than 6 ms (not less than 10 nor more than 20 fs) 6) SS COMFOUN PENDULUM ime pA ao Paes anor sw at | | S54 ati unwoorED UL ALT The height of the center of strike in the lateh, Position, above its free hanging position, shall be within 0.4 of the range capecity divided by the supporting force, me sured as described in A2.3.5.L If windage and friction compensated for by increasing the height of drop, the beight drop may be increased by not more than | % ALS The mechanism for releasing the pendulum from initial position shall operate freely and permit relcase of ¢ pendulum without initial impulse, retardation, or side vibe tion. If the same lever used to release the pencilum is also us: {o engage the brake, means shall be provided for preventing ti brake from heing accidentally engaged, AL9 Specimen clearance is needed to ensure sotisfacie results shen testing materials of different stiengths and cor Positions. The test specimen shall exit the machine with minimum of interference. Pendulums used on Charpy chines are of three basic designs, as shown in Fig, Ad.1, A191 When using a C-type pendalim or a composn pendalam, the broken specimen will not rebound int th Pendulum and slow it down if the clearance at the end of th specimen is at least 13 mm (0.5 im) or if the specimen eilecied out of the machine by some arrangement such as shown in Fig. ALLL, 18.2 When using the U-type pendulum. means shall & Provided to prevent the broken specimen from reboundin against the pendulum (see Fig. Al.1). In most U-type pend: lum machines, seel shrouds should be designect and instale 3 Cre PeNOULU aa 10-4 PONT woo TOA FO ‘UAH MRMIZED) PENDULUM SHROUD RECTION OF PENDULUM SWAG vooren (asa erezeor FIG. Al-+ Typical Poreutums anc Anvus for Charpy Machines, Showin with Medifieaions to Minimiza Jamming La1 be qb E23 to the following requirements: ( a) have a thickness of wppeosimately 1.5 mm (0.06 ia), ( 6) have a minimum huruness of 45 AIRC, (c) have a radius of Jess than 1.5 mom {105 19, atthe underside corners, snd id} be 90 positioned that ie clearance between them and the pendulum overhang (both sp and sides) does not exceed 1,5 mam (0.06 in.) Nore ALI—In rmadhines where the opening within the penclulnn mits clearance berween the ends of a specimen (eesting on the avi eppaces) and che shrouds, and this clearance is at leas £3 em (0.3 in), the reowsrements (a) and (a) aeed mat apply ALL Charpy Apparais ALLO. Means shall be provided (see Fig. A1.2) to locate ind support the test specimen against two anvil blocks in such ‘position that the center of the notch can he located within om (0010 i.) of the midpoint between the anvils (sce 1.10.2 The supports and siriker shall be of the forrns and Ginensions shown in Fig. A1,2. Other dimensions of the ppenduium and supports should be such as to minimize int nce between the pendula and broken specimens, _— SimIkING SPECMEN Z \ renter si ste ff 40 mm (1574) var of Stee — §W/2) 1.10.3 The center line of the striker shall advance in the plone that is within 0.40 mm (0016 in.) of the midpoint between the supporting edges of the specimen anvils, The suriker shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specimen within $:1000, The striker stall be paralle! within 1:1000 to the face of a perfectly square teat specimen held against the anvil. ALI fod Apparams: AL.IL1 Means shall be provided (see Fig. A1.3) for clamp- ing the specimen in such a position that the face of the Specimen is parallel to the striker within 1:1000. The edges of the clamping surfeces shall be shaxp angles of 90 = 1° with faci less than 0.40 rom (0,016 i.). The clamping surfaczs shall be smooth with a 2-pm (63-1in,) finish or better, and shal clamp the specimen firmly at the notsh with the clamping force applicd in the direction of impact. For rectangular specimens, the clamping surfaces shall be fat and parallel within 0.025 mim (0,001 in.) For cylindrical specimens, the clamping surfaces shall be contoured to match the specimen and cach surface shall contact @ minimum of m/2 rad (90°) of the specimen circumference: A1.UL2 The dimensions of the striker and its position relative tothe specimen clamps shall be as shown in Fig. A1.3, nm rs (W39) 5 ALA a { (PSaeas ‘See enlarges ne | ~ 23 mn wb 016") Enlargea view oF imaginary inerseetion of SE ond 8 mm PADIS AL dmonscna tolerances shal be =0.05 rm i062 1} enters ower specie FIG. A1.2 Charpy Striking Tup Iqhe Bre" orm specie toozeh 75°83" PS zznm(osse”) — . go” we g moe “4 RE 23 ‘ust be tess thon O4cmm jooie") [Al erorstnalloences son be =0.05 mn (0002 in} unless etherving Nom 1—The clampiog surfaces of A and B shall be Mat and parallel ‘within 0.025 ram (0.001 in.) ‘Nom 2—Finish an vnmasked part Rome 3—Striker with must be grea vested hall he 2 rn (63 vin), er than het ofthe specimen being FIG. A1.8 Izod (Caniilever-Beam) Impact Tost A2. VERIFICATION OF PENDULUM IMPACT MACHINES A21 The verification ofimpace machines has ¢wo parts: di- rect verification, which consists af inspecting the machine to ensue that the requirements of chis annex and Annex Al are met. and indirect verification, which entails the testing of vetification specimens. ALI kzod machines are verified by direct verification only. A2L.2 Chhispy machines shall be vevfied anoually. Data is valid only when produced within 365 days following the date of the most recent successful verification est. Charpy ma. chines stall also be verified immediately after replacing parts that may affect the measured exergy, after making repairs or suljustments, after they have been moved, or whenever tere is reason to doubt the accursecy of the rebuls, without regard to he time interval, These restictions include cases where past, which may affect the measured energy, are removed from the machine and then reinstalled without modification (for ex: ample, when the striker or anvils are removed to permit wie of different striker of se: of anvils and then are reinstalled). Iis ‘ot intended that parts not subjected ro wear (such as pondalum and scale linearity) are to be directly verified each year unless «problem is evident. Only the items cited in A2.2 aze required to be inspected annually. Otner parts of the machine shall be Gitectly verified at lest once, whe de machine is 1e¥, oF ‘when pars are replaced AL2 Direct Verification of Parts Requiring Annual Inspec tion: A121 Inspect the specimen supports, anvils, and strike and ceplace any of these parts that show signs of wear. straight edge or radius gage can be used to discem difference enween the used and unused portions of these pets 10 he identify a worn condition (see Note A2.1). Now AzL—To measure the anvil oc sinker rag, the recommente rocedure is to make a replica (casing) of the region of interest an ‘measure evous sections ofthe replica. This can be done with the anvils st ‘iriker in place on the machine or removed from the rachine. Make a da ‘with cardboard an tape surrounding che region of interest, then pour low.shrinkage casting compound ino the dam (silicen rehter exsin ‘compounds work well). Allow the easing to euro, remove the dim, at bce cross secionsthsxgh the region of inteest with 2 razor Use the ‘ross sections to make radi measifemerts on opticl comparators ool insuments A2.2.2 Ensure the bolts that attach the anvils and striker t the machine are tightened to the manufacture's specification: ‘A2.2.3 Verify that the shrouds, if applicable, aze proper! installed (cee A1.9.2). A224 The pendulum release mechanism, which release the pendslam from its initia! position, shall comply with A) A2.2.5 Check the level of the machine in both ditectior (ses ATL) A2.2.6 Check that the foundation bolts are tightened 10 Uh manufacturer's specificationsi) £23 Nore A22—Expaasion bols or astsnees wid daiven in iasers shall he wed for foundations, These fasteners will work lose ander igiten Jains the boil of the rachine indicating Case high torque value Ufone bolts are Uehieee, |A2.2.7 Check the indicator zero and the friction loss of the inachine as described in 8.1 A23 Direct Verification of Peris to be Verified at Least 423.1 Specimen anvils and supports or Lod vises shall cooform to the dimensions shown in Pig. A1.2 of Fig. AI. Nore A2.3—The impact machine wll be inaccurate to the extent that come exety I sed m deformation ur moversent of is eomponen’ pes fot the Machine as a wiole: this energy will be regiterel as Used i curing ths apecimen, 3.2 The striker shall conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. Al.2 of Fig. A1.3. The mounting surfaces must be clean tpl ree of defects that would prevent 1 good fit. Check thac the suuiker complies with A1.1D.3 (for Charpy tests) or ALL. (for (zod tests), A2.3.3 The pendulum alignment shall comply with Al4 und A1.3, If the side piay in the pendulum or the radial play in she bearings exceeds the specified limits, adjust or replace the beaings. ALAA Determine the Center of Strike For Charpy ma- shines the center of strike of the pendulum fs determined using 2 halé-width specimen (10 by 5 mm) in the test position. With ihe atriker in contact with the specimen, a line marked along the top edge of the specimen on the striker will indicate the ‘enter of strike, For Izod machines, the center of strike may be ‘oasidered to be the contact line when the pendulum is brought, inta contact with a specimen in the normal testing position, A235 Determine the Potential Energy—The following procedare shall be used when the center of strike of the pendalua is coincident with the radial line from the centerline be penciulum hearings (herein called the axis of rotation) to the canter of gravity (see Appendix X2), Ifthe center of strike S more than 1.0 mm (0.04 in) from this Tine, suitable omrestions in elevation of the center of strike must be made ia AZ3B1 and A23.9, 30 that elevations set or measured correspond to what they would be if the cemter of strike were on this tine, The potential energy of the system is equal to the height from which the pendulum falls, as determined in 42.3.5. Limes the supporting force, as determined in A2.3.5.1 A23.5.1 To measure the supporting force, support the Pendalum horizontally to within 15:1000 with two supports, ne ot the bearings (or cemer of rotation) and the other at the fetter of strike on the striker (see Fig. A2.1), Then arrange the ‘upper! at the striker (0 react upon some suitable weighing fevice such as a platform scale of balance, and determine the ‘eight to within 0.4 9. Take care 10 minimize Friction at either FommLof suppor. Make contact with the striker through a round "ederossing the edge at 290° angle, ‘The supporting force is the “ale reading minus the weights of the supporting rod and any shins that may be used to mainain the pendulum ina “ovizontal position A2.35.2 Detcmine the height of pendulum drop for com aie with the requirement of Al.7. On Charpy machines Uetermine the height fot the top edge of u half-width (or 149 "Taxis of rotation | / | Dietonce to center of percussion, | 4 Cont ere! site =—— een Angie of rise « ” FIG. A2.1 Dimensions fer Calculations center ofa full-width) specimen to the elevated position ofthe center of strike (0 0.1%. On Trod machines determine the height from a distance 22.66 mm (0.892 in.) above the vise 12 the release position ofthe center of strike to 0.1 . The height may be determined by dincet measurement ofthe elevation of the center of sirke or by calculation from the change in angle of the pendulum using the following formulas (see Fig, 2.1) f= S(1—eas(B)) any hy = SC —ene(a)) aay where jt = initial elevation of the striker, m (fh, 5 = length of the pendulum distance to the center of strike, m (A), angle of fall. height of rise, m (A), and angle of rise, ‘A2.3.6 Determine the impact velocity, (»], of the machine, neglecting friction, by means of the following equation: Teh t wherea v 8 he velocity, mis (W/), acceleration of gravity, 9.81 ms? (32.2 fYs*), and inital elevation of the stiker, m (W) A21.7 The center of percussion shall be at a point within 1% of the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of strike in the specimen, 10 ensure that minimum force is transmitted to the point oF ration, Deiermine the location of the center of percussion as follows. A137.) Using a stop swatch or some other suitable time= rasuring device, capable of measuring lime to within 0.2 5, swing the pendulam through a toul angle not greater than 1$® and recoid the time for 100 complete eycles (10 and fo). The penied ofthe peneduluen then, is the dime for 100 cyeles divided by 100. A237. Determine the center of percussion by means of the Following equation 2 (a2) where: L = distance from the axis 16 the center oF peretission, 1 (to, & = local gravitational acceleration (accuracy of one part in ‘one thousand), mis? (fu), = 3.1416, and 1 = period of a complete swing (to and fro), s A238 Determination of the Friction Losses —The energy loss from fiietion and windage of the pendulum and friction in the recording mechanism. if not corrected, will be included in the energy less attributed to breaking the specimen and can Fesult in ertonzously high measurements of absozbed energy For machines recording in degrees, frictional losses are usually Not compensated for by the machine manufacturer, whereas in machines recording ditectly in energy, they ate usually com- ppensated for by increasing the starting height of the pendulum. Determine eneray losses from friction as follows: 2.38.1 Without a specimen in the machine. and with the indicator at the maximum energy reading, release the pendi- lum from its starting position and record the energy value indiewted, This value should indicate zero energy if frictional losses have been corrected by the manufacturer. Now saise the Pendulum slowly until it just contacts the indicator at the value obtained in the free swing, Secure the pendulum at this height and determine the vertical distance frow the cenier of stike 10 the top of 8 half-width specimen positioned on the specimen Fest supports within O,! % (see A2.3.5), Determine the sup- porting force as in A23.5.1 and multiply by this vertical distance. The difference in this value and the initial porential energy is the total energy foss in the pendulum and indicator combined. Without resetting the pointes, repeatedly release the Pendulum (rom its initial position until the pointer shows no {urther movemem. The energy loss determined by the final Position of the pointer is that due to the pendulum sone. The trietional loss in the indicator alone is then the difference between the combined indicatar and pendulamt asses and those due to the pendulum alone A23.9 The indicating mechanism accuracy shall checked! to ensure that ics recording accurately over he entire E23 range (see A1.2.1), Cheek it at graduation marks correspond to approximately 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 70 % of each ran With the striker marked to indicate the center of stike, litt pendulum and set iin a position where the indicator reads. example, 13 J (10 filbf}, Secure the pendulum at this hei and determine the vertical distance from the center of sirike the top of a half-width specimen positioned on the specim Supports within 0.1 % (See A23.5). Determine the resid energy by multiplying the height of the center of strike by : supporting force, as described in A23.5.1, Increase this val by the total frictional and windage losses for a free swing { A2.3.8,1) multiplied by ihe raiio of the angle of swing of pendulum from the latch to the energy value being evaluated the angle of swing of the pendulum from the latch 10 the 2 energy reading. Subtract the «im of the residual energy propoctional frictional and windage loss from the potent energy at the latched position (see 2.3.5}. The indicatce shy agree with the energy calculated within the limits of A1.2. Make similar calculations at other points of the scale. indicating riechanism shall not overshoot or drop back with | pendulum, Make test swings ftom various heights to che visually the operation of the pointer over several portioas of L sate. Nore A2.4—Ingicators that indicate in deerees shall be checked wi the above procaine. Doge readings fromthe scale shall be converies nergy readings using the conversion formuli or table nomally ased ‘esting. tn this way the formula or table can also be eheeted for winds and friction correcions, 2.4 Indirect Verification: AZA.1 Indirect verification requires the testing of spec mens with certified values to verify the accuracy of Char impact machines A2d.l1 Verification specimens with certified values produced it tow (12 to 20), high (88 to 115 1), and super-hi {210 to 230 J) energy levels. To mect the verification requir ments, the average value determined for a set of veriticati specimens at each energy level tested shall correspond 10 t! centfied values of the verification specimens within 1.4 F (1 fell) or 5.0 %, whichever is greater. A2«.1.2 Verification specimens are available from the N tional Instirute of Standards and Technology (NIST) thou: the Standard Reference Materials Program (see Annex A? Other sources of verficstion specimens may be used provide they conform 1 Practice E {271 and their reference value hi been established on the three reference machines owne ‘maintained, and operated by NIST in Boulder, CO. Nome A2.5—Venifcation specimens are available for Charpy inachin only. Detailed information pertaining ta the availabilsy oF vericot specimens is given in Appendix 3. A242 The verified range of a Charpy impact machine Usscribed with reference to the lowest and highest ener: specimens tested on the machine. These values ane determine fom tests on sets of verificacion specimens at two or mo levels of absorbed energy. except in the case where a Char machine has a maximum capacity that is too low for WW energy levels 10 be tested, In this case. one Jevel of ubsarb: tenergy can be used for indireet verification, ALAS Determine the usable range af the impact testy so Ceqh E23 mnachine prior to testing verification specimens. The usable sange of 88 impact machine is dependent upon the resolution of tie sale oF readout device atthe tow end and the capacity of ine machine at the high end. A243.1 The resolution of the scale or readout device tablshes the tower limit of the usable range for the machine. lover limit is equal to 25 tunes che resolution of the scale cr readout device at 131 (11 fell) Sone A2.6—On arate sees the ion hese chang a cai} ltl ch bt dace on esate Ths eee ICO ee oe ease Pome 2 achsar maison he sale Be 50 U1 fb rn Mere ADBigal ees ey inp id ach igh cade, iba hed dere anglresoha The lent ee of sont eves the sales change 0 oerty ta ca fe sien meget (Sh. The resstion a haze pe of des Gs ls a0: change in hela ig shown on he aay veces tooion isa Teneo of he ane potion ofthe pele a as MOUgtOU he sving. For dei whith mene» eee tne nich le edon of aborbed egy wa ae tends maybe movedstol nic arn oF 13 Jt ere ti ae Sfnge in te aco deve ie Fan) A243.2 The upper limit of the usable range of the machine is equal to 80 % of the capacity of the machine. A244 Only verification specimens that are within the usable range of the impact machine shall be tested. To verify the machine over its full usable cange, test the lowest and highest energy levels of verification specimens commercially aailable that are within the machines’ usable range. If the ratio of the highest and lowest certified values tested is greater than four, esting of a third set of imermediate energy specimens is requized (Uf he specimens are commercially available), Note A28—Use the upper hound oF the energy range gives for te fw; high, and super-high verdication specimens (26, 113. and 230 J ‘evpsstvely to detcemine the highest energy lvel verification spezimens tal can be tested. Aliemately, use the lower bound of the energy range sven for the serificadon specimens 10 detenmize the minimam energy level fOr csting, 2.4.4.1 If the low cnergy verification specimens were not tested (tested only high and super-high), the lower limit of the verified range shall be one ital the energy of the lowest enery verification set tested, Nore A29—For example, i the cenfied vale of the high energy specimen tested van LOD, the lower limit would be Sa. A2.4.4.2 If the hiphest energy verificetion specimens avail able fora given Charpy machine capacity have not been rested, the upper value of the verified range shall be 1.5 tines the certified value of the highest energy specimens tested. Nore A2.10—Forexample, ifthe machine being tesed has w maximum capacity of 325 J (240 fuIbO) ate oaly low anc bieh energy verifeaton spccimens were tested, the upper bound of the verified range Would be 150 2091 * 1.5 = 150.2). asuming thatthe high enerey samples tested ha 2 certified value of 100). To verify this ranchine over ie full range, tow, igh. and superhigh vesificatien specimens would have 10 be tested tecause super tigh veriicauon specimens can be tested on amachie with 8 325) capueity (80% of 2250 is 260K, and the ceniied value of Superhigh specimens never exceed 2303), See Table A2.1 TABLE A2.1 Verified Ranges tor Varlous Machine Capacttios and Verification Spacimens Toated acto pasyaugn_Usadle Vesaton Specmene——yoraay Capacity S29 Range Tasted Range a J Low Hich Suporsigh Ban ieee x... Sew a a2 some Xk Sil ie ae a2 aasiem x x x gw ta 0 aa Fswa xX ok Soa on ois gysiom "x xX Shay 00 Os 375000 XX Saba “in these Otampea, Te Wok energy voricalon Gpoainons Wi sananoa have a eméod salon of #63, 43. ADDITIONAL IMPACT TEST SPECIMEN CONFIGURATIONS ASI Sub-Site Specimen—When the amount of material ‘allable docs aot permit making the standard impact test specimens shown in Figs. | and 2, smaller specimens may be ‘sed, but the results obtained on different sizes of specimens ‘aunot be compared directly (X1.3), When Cherpy specimens sther than the standart are necessary or spevilicd. it is ‘commended that they be selected from Fig, A2, \3.2 Supplementary Specimens—For economy in ptepsra- ‘ion oF (est specimens, special specimens of round ot rectan- {lar cross section are sometimes used for cantilever beat test ‘These are shown as Specimens X,Y, and 2 in Figs. 43.2 ani A33, Specimen Z is sometimes called the Philpot specimen, after the name of the original designer. Foe hard materials. the machining of the flat surface suck by the pendulum is sometimes omitted. Types ¥ and Z requite adifferene vise from that shown ia Fig. Al, each half of the vise having 1 semi-cylindrical recess that closely fits the clamped portion of the specimen. As previously stated, the results cannot be celisbly compared with those obtained using specimens of oer sizes or shapes.2S ee a { ih E23 (Ge susie apociners te len noch angle, and note radius are canstant¢90 Fig 1}; ApH (E,eaten dept (MY, and wit (vary as indicated bao, Em rod 1 No") A ae “9 YY ae lat rind Opposite Side Parallel and 90°=10 to Adjacent Sides +0 (2.165" ~9e100") eeu a Tee (ee 190 119; e295") 9-394") +788") We el = cori T CI] T Camm (000759 Smm 197") 1 |] aa f a ‘Tmm (0.0397) hes amma}! Eo.eiomm (0.024% ‘Note 1—Circted specimen is we standard specimen (sce Fig. 1). Nore 2—Pemussible variations shall be 38 follows: Cresson hmarsans 1% oF =UO/S rm (D008 in, wniehaver 6 sate Rau of natch Depa trate Finn aguromerts 2 um 183 ue. on notched surace ard onan fae yn 125 pn | on otha te suacas FIG. Aa.1 Charpy (Simple-Geam) Subsize (Type A) Impact Tesi SpecimensMMA Scope A411 Th qb E23 eer Qo FS ey any (a010"} Roa serene oo Woten wepah af Type X spacinen 20.025 amy (£0008 ony carsales Samy “ua Pres hitles ty ities (@300) s y 1 oad ‘7mm (0.010"} Rea iss7sy Ten: TYPE y coast Permissible variations for both specitnens shall be as follows: ‘Cross sectin versions Langiwase ans ‘rg ot rateh Fos ol ncten Noto siamte ef Typ soecimen anes mm (20,001 a} 40,25 mm (46, 0.100) FIG, A9.2 izod (Cantlever-Seam) Impact Test Specimens, Types X and Y The Ht shall be pall the tsa 25m (0 “Ise" 2 - 28mm (1e102”) | pate ree AS 75mm (2.98277 Ve4iam 025mm 0.450") 10.010") rad Sore Permissible variations shall be as follows een ong tela centre CCros-sacten diersns Lig ot seeomen 20025 mm (22.00 in} oB.-25em(0 0100 ing ‘srg roth é Faas of neteh £0,025 mee (2.001 int Neon cet 2005 me (15 100% i) FIG. A3.3 to (Cantilover-Bear) Impact Test Specimen (Phitpot), Type Z Ad, PRECRACKING ARPY Y-NOTCH IMPACT SPECIMED tens, The sanex provides information on applications of hix annex describes the procedure for ihe fatigue preeracked Charpy impact testing and fatigue precracin standard Charpy Venotch (CV'N} impact speci. procedures(qb E23 Ad2 Significance and Use ‘42.1 Section 4 also applies co presracked Charpy Venoich impact specimens, A422 Tt hes been found that fatigue-precracked CVN specimens generally result in better correlations with other impact toughness tests such as Test Method E604 and with fracture toughness tests such as Test Method E 399 than the stundard V-notch specimens (3,45,6,7,8). Also, the sharper notch yields more conservative estimations of the notched impact 1oughness and the transition temperature of the material (9,10), AG. Apparatus A43.1 The couipment for fatigue ctacking shail be such thatthe stress distribution is symmeuical through the specimen thickness; ctherwise, the crack will not grow uniformly. The stesa distribution shall also be symmetrical about the plane of the prospective crack: otherwise the crack will deviate wnduly from that plane and the test result will be significantly affected. ‘A43.2 The recommended fixture tobe used is shown in Fig. A4.1, The nominal span between support rollers shall be 4 D == 2D, where D is the depth of the specimen, The diameter of the rollers shall be between D/2 and D. The radius of the rar shall be between D'8 and D. ‘This fixture is designed to inimize frictional effects by allowing the support rollers 1o ola and move apar slightly as the specimen is loaded, thus permitting rolling contact, The rollecs are initially positioned against stops that set the span length and are held in place by low-tension springs (such as rubber bands). Fixtures, rolls, and fam should be made of high hardness (greater than 40 HRC) steels, — Add ‘Test Specimens A441. The dimensions of the precracked Charpy specimen are essentially those of type-A shown in Fig. Ad.2. The nota, depth plus the fatigue crack extension Jengih stall be desig, nated as 7. When the amount of material evailable does ny permit making the standard impact test specimen, smaller specimens may be rade by reducing the width; but the resuks obtained on diferent sizes of specimens cannot be compare directly (see X13), ‘A442 The fatigue precracking is to be done with tte material in the same heat-treated condition 2s that in which will be impact tested. No intermediate teaments beiween fatigue precracking and testing are allowed. ‘A443 Because of the relatively blunt machined V-notch in the Clarpy impact specimen, faiigue crack initiation can te difficult, Eatly crack initiation can be promoted by pressing or tilling 2 sharper radius into the V-notch. Care must be taken to ensure that excessive deformation at the crack tip is avoided, ‘Ad.4.6 Itis advisable to mark ow pencil lines on cach side of the specimen normal to the anticipated paths of the surface aces of the fatigue crack. The first line should indicate the point at which approximately two-thirds of the crack extensica hhas been accomplished. At this point, the stiess intensity applied to the specimen should be reduced. The second line should indicate the point of maximum crack extenston, this point, fatigue precracking should be terminate. ‘A4S Fatigue Precracking Procedure A451 Set up the test fixture so that the line of action of the applied lozd shall pass midway between the suppor roll center within L mm. Measure the span to within | % of the nominal 4p toa ——] ate |. it Speimen te US" is Ly tanga $5 mn 0, D mm = 0075 mm. rats of nteh = 025 ram = 0039 Fiatore boweey Ge seege a7 fuer soe oiler Pon Beta 2mm = 01025 rs chided angle ef oie = 4342 (and FIG. 24.1 Fetlguo Procracking Fixture Oeaign Ist" ip £23 FIG. A4.2 Charpy (Simple-Beam, type A) Impact Test Spasimen te el pel Locete the specimen with the crack tip midway the rolls within 1 mm of the span, and square to the axes within 2° A452 Select the inidal lous used during precracking so that fhe remaining ligement tenmains undamaged by excessive plasticity: If the load cycle is maintained constant, the maxi- sum K (stress intensity) and the K range will increase with rack lengtt: care must be taken to ensure that the maximum ‘alte is nol exceeded lo prevent excessive plastic deformation 1 the crack tip. This is done by continually shedding the toad the fatigue erack extends. The maximum load to be used at ay instant can be calculated from Eq A4.1 and Ad.2 while che ininimum oad sould be kept at 10% of the maaimuen. En Ac] relates the maximum load to’ stress intensity (K) value {or the material at will ensure an acceptable plastic-zone size the orack tp. [cis also advisable to check this maxiemum load > ensufe Chat it is below the limit losd for the material using Fy 62. When the most advanced crack trace has almost hed the frst scribed Line corresponding 19 approximately nvoethirds of the final crack length, reduce the maximum load so that 06 Kiyy is not exceeded, A453 Fatigue cycling is begun, usually with a sinusoidal ‘voveformn and near to the highest practical frequency. There is se known marked frequency effect on fatigne precrack form: ion up (0 at least 100 Hz in the absence of adverse environ- incnis: however. frequencies of 15 to 30 Haare typieslly used. «retuly monitor the crack growth optically, A low-power jagniVing glass is useful in this regard. If crack growth is not observed on one side when appreciable growth is observed on ne FISK. stop fatigue cycling to determine the cause and ‘emedy for the behavior. Simply tuming the specimen around \nrelation to the fixture will often solve the problem. When the most advanced crack trace has reached the halfway mark, tum tbe specimen around in relation to the fixtare and complete the ing. Continue fatigue cycling until the surface oo both sides of the specimen indicate that the desired overall length of notch plus crack is reached. The Fatigue crack sould extend at least 1-mm beyond the tp of the Y=noteh but o more than 3 mm. A fatigue crack extension of approxi votely 2 nim iy secommended. A4.3.4 When fatigue cracking is conducted at a temperature | and testing will be conducied at a differen: temperature T,, and T, > Ta, the maximum stress intensity must not exceed 60S of the K ju of the material at temperawre 7 multiplied bs the ratio of the yield stesses of the material at the ‘ompersures Ty and Ts, respectively. Control of the plastic- “ne size during fatigue cracking is important when the Fatigue “ticking is doae at room temperature and the test i conducted Mt lower temperatures. In this case. the maximum. stess Intensity st room temperature must be Kept to law vilies 90 7, that the plastic-zone size corresponding to the maximum stress intensity at low temperatures is smaller. A4.6 Caicutation A4S.1 Specimens shall be precracked in fatigue at loud values that will not exceed a maximum stress intensity, K, or three-point bend specimens use: Pre = [gat WD") [SFY] (aan where: Prox = s1exmum load tobe applied during precracking, Koo = MAXIMUM stress intensity = 0." (2a 1,)!, ‘whore ry — is the radius of the indueed plastic one size which should be less than or equal 10 05 mm, BD = specimen dept, w speeinren width, $ span, and F{ND) = geometrical factor (see Tuble A4.1). ‘Ad.6.2 See the appropriate section of Test Method E 399 for the F (WD) calculation. Table Ad.1 contains calculated values for f (MD) for CVN preeracking. Bq A4.2 should be used to ensure that the loads used in fatieue cracking are Well below the calcalated Limit load for the material PL =U) [D O-INMo, dS (aaa) where: P= limit load for the material AMT Crock Length Measurement AAT. After fracture, msasure the initial notch plus fatigue crack length, ¥, to the nearest 1% at the following. three TABLE AGt Caleulations of NIE) wu o (om vm No v0) 00 7000 02 iat 210 v0.90 oat ta 2o0 ‘0.00 re 124 200 "0.00 923 va 243 ‘0.00 024 “ay 25 10.00 02s. tn 200 vo.00 02s, 1a? an "0.00 o2r vat 280 vogo 028 145 290 v.90 029 148 200 vaca 030 152 10 ‘0 oat 155 90 032 80 a0 033 1 soon ae ey 3s oan ba 33 380 roac 020 ua La ooo O37 ves iat rou O38. vine 39) roo 038 139 400 tooo 40 198 a0 1900 oat 204 “2 tae na 210 229 ta00 a9 216 a9 000 ae 222 40 tooo Das 22 ta 3000 Dae 235 re 000 047 2s te 1000 04s 250 4s 1090 4s 258. Sc 000 aso 26.ip E23 positions: at the center of the crack front and midway between the center and the intersection of the crack front with the Specimen surfaces. Use the average of these three measure ments as the crack length, 4.7.2 Ifthe difference between any two of the crack length measusements exceeds 10 % of the average, or if part of the crack front is closer to the machine notch root than § % af the average, the specimen should be discarded. Also, if the length of either surface trace of the crack is less than 80% of the average crack length, the specimen should be discarded AAS Report AGS.I Report the following information for each specimen tested: type of specimen used (and size if not the standard si: {es\ temperatures, and energy absorption. Report the aver precrack length in addition to these Test Method E 23 requ ments. A482 The following information may be provided ‘supplementary information: lara expansion, fracture ape ance, and also, it would probably be useful to report ene absorption normalized in some manner. AS. SPECIMEN ORIENTATION AS\L Designation of Specinen Axis AS.L1 The Leanis is coincident with the main direction of grain flow due to processing. This axis is usually referred 10 as the longitudinal direction (see Fig. AS.I, Fig. AS.2, and Fig. ASS) A512 The Sasis is coincident with the direction of the Imai working force. This axis is usually referred to as ihe short transversecdivection, AB1.3 ‘The Taxis is normal tothe L- and $-axies, This axis is usually refered to as the wansverse direction, ‘AS.1.4 Specimens parallel 19 the surface of ivrought prod ets, processed wit the sume degree of Lomogenous deforma: tion along the L- and TT axies may be called ‘T specimens, ASL Specimens normal to the uniform grain flow of wrought products (or grain growth in cast products), whose grvin flow is exclusively in one direction, so that I: and § Specimens are equivalent, may be ealled S specimens. AS.2 Designation of Notch Orieniation: AS.2.1 The noich orientation is designated by the dizection FIG, AB.A Fractura Planes Along Princlpel Axes a rad oe a ing tn { adgan tom sc eng ein FIG, AS.2 Fracture Planes—Cylndrical Sections FIG, A9.3 Fraciura Planes not Along Principal Axos in which fracture propagates. This letter is separated from specimen-axis designation by a hyphen. In unique cases (Fi A523), whea fracture propagates across two planes, two lett ‘ue requited to designate notch orientation, 156qh E23 AG, DETERMINATION OF THE PROPORTION OF SHEAR FRACTURE SURFACE 46. ‘The methods described here may be used to determine ine pereent shear Fractuce on the surfuce of impact specimens. Ab.1.| Measure the length and width of the fat fracture jan of the fracture surface, as shown in Fig. 10, and Jelermine the percent shear from either Table A6.1 or Table \.2 depending on the units of measurement. A612 Compare the appearance of the fracture of the speclmen with 2 fracture appearance chart such as chat shown ig AGI AG.L3 Magnify the fracture surface and compare it 10 a precelibrated overlay chart or measure the percent shear fracture by means of 2 planimeter. ‘AG.L-4 Photograph the fracture surface at a suitable magni fication and measure the percent shear fracture by means of a pplanimeter. A6.1.5 Capture a digital image of the fracture surface and meisure the percent shear fracuure using image analysis software. TABLE A6.1 Porsont Shear for Moaguroments Mad In Millimotroa Sort 1-100 % stew is fo be raponed whan either A or B is vet, Simm jo 1s 20 28 30 08 40 48 60 88 60 65 70 75 60 5 90 95 10 a a a 5 % 87 8 95 gs wesw ST za oo 8 a ae es) ewww wT OS 25 a 0 94 92 91 Be OOOO OO OO Ow m8 ae)? ws wT) ee ee ee 95 82 80 88 Bw] OT OS) OD 3¢ 92 89 BRO 7D] Ska rr i i ne vo 9 88837 etd oo 8 8s om 77 meme ww as bem ae an 70 ews Tw Sr 73 257 a2 7B ewe 1 2. go at 72 Bm SBS kD a0 08530750 _6s_ 5s 50Sqh E23 TABLE AG.2 Porcont Shoor for Measurements Made in Inches ors 100 sae ao be cep when ether A Ber Bisroen Tioman A — Be” “aps ae oe a ae ee nD ae _oze_on0 oad oan 02 _Ta4 aE 0am 08 oo oa ao 0 a a oa © 8 © ow Sof 9 mow 6 om mon oe oie = oo on oe Bn & & & oa o & & & oe on nh @ & & @ @ & ae om & a oe 8 @ wo 8 & w& m@ 8 a8 So & 8 Bf oe © @ © % & 8 @ « 20 oom 8 oT mM 6 8 8 8 & & | & @ & tga So om mB en 3 =» © 7 & © © & one oe of BB Sof & © 6 % S & wo 2 B one a SB 2 % & 2 ye 3 mw Bw fh oon et Bh & tf 2 2 a B Be ft ose re er Sov 2 ® 2 eB ® wp YY oat a ee Sou of & oo ® @ i $F snot ad Pe es = 4 te dj “ a a f (o Fete Arps Chan nd Rater Shear acs Congo i 7 www A (bite onc ace Aes q 10, Act Fracture Appearance APPENDIXES (Nontandatory Tnrmation) i X1. NOTES ON SIGNIFICANCE OF NOTCHED-BAR IMPACT TESTING 4 XII Noth Behiauior researc, and in procurement specifications for over & XII The Charpy Venotch (CVN) impact test has been decades. Where correlations with fracture mechanics pa used éntensively in mechenical testing of steel products, in e168 are available, it 1s possible to specify CVN teva 18hE 23 {alies that would ensine elastic-plastic or plastic Behavior for frou of fatigue cracked specimens subjected to minimums eealing temperstues and taaximuim i servise mies. of ee LCE the wove eiayior or mar racaaa ca canta we 1; ind alloys, a lyge group of nonferous materals and the “bvenitic steels can be judged ftom their common tnsile mopenies. If they are britle in tension, they will be bite av aoched, while i they ae ductile in teesion they vl be ‘when notched, except for unusually sharp or deep Satenes much more severe than the standard Charpy or iz ons). Even low tomperatares donot aie is chartcter- ‘hie fese materials. In contrast the behavior afte fesic Sel under notch conditions cannot be predicted from tne “opetes as revealed by the tension test Por the study of these intel the Charpy and zd type tests ae accordily very “ial Some metals that espa nora dctty inthe tension ay nevertheless break in brite fashion win tested ot ‘ie sed in the notched condition, Norehed. conditions ‘lide eansrtint to deformation in divectiens pecpondicalar ote rajor Suess, oF mull al stresses, and tres concen, ‘tins Tis #9 ahs fel thatthe Charpy and Teed tests prove [sil for determining te suscepubil'y of a stel to rocks vor though they canact be disely wed to apprate he serviceability ofa strctue XID Noteh Eifees: NU21 The notch results in a combination of maki axial twesiesasiociated with restraints to deformation in dinections perpendicular to the major stress, and a stress concentration at ‘nse of the notch, A severely notched condition is generally ‘desirable, and it becomes of real concem in these eases in vhich it initiates o sudden and complete failure of the brittle ‘pe, Some metals can be deformed in a ductile manner even slown'o very low temperatures, while others may crack. This uieence in behavior can be best understood by considering ne cohesive strength of a material (ar the property that holds | ovether) and its relation to the yield point. In cases of brite facture. the cobesive strength is exczeded before sigeificant sts deformation cceurs and the fracture appears crystalline. cases Of the ductile or shear type of failure, considerable lelonnation precedes the nal fracture znd the broken surface ts fibrous instead of crystallin, Ia intermediate cases, ihe tore comes afler & mpderate amount of deformation an is fart crvsaline and part fibrous in appearance. X1.2.2 When a notched bar is loaded, dere is a normal stress across the base of the natch which tends to initiace fracture. The property that keeps it from cleaving, or holds it together. is the “cohesive strength”. The har fractures when the somal stress exceeds the cohesive strength. When this occurs without the bar deforming itis the condition for brite facture X1.2.3 In testing, though not in service because of side effects, it happens more commonly that plastic deformaticn precedes fracture. [n addition to the normal sess, the applied Toad also seis up shear siresses waich are about 45° t0 the normal siress, The elastic behavior terminates as soon as the shear stress exceeds the shear strength of the material and deformation or plastio yielding ses in. This isthe condition for ductile failure, X1.2.4 This behavior, whether brittle or ductile, depends on whether the normal siress exceeds the cohesive strength before the shear siress exceeds the shear strength. Several important facis of notch behavior follow from this, Ifthe notoh is made sharper or more drastic, the normal stress at the root of the potch will be increased in relation to the shear stress and the bar will be more prone to britle fracture (see Table Xi.1), Also, a5 the speed of deformation increases, the shear strength increases and the likelihood of brite fracture inereases. On the ‘ther hand, by raising the temperature, leaving the notch and the speed of deformation the same, the shear strengih is lowered and ductile behavior is promoted, leuding to shear failure X1.25 Variations in notch dimensions will seriously afeer the results of the tests. Tesis on E 4340 steel specimens® have shown the effect of dimensional variations on Charpy results (see Table X1.1), X13 Size Effect 1.31 Increasing either the width or the depth of the specimen tends t0 increase the volume of metal subject to distortion, and by this factor tends to increase the encrgy absorption when breaking the specimen. However, any in- crease in size, particularly in width, also tends to increase the degree of constraint and by tending to induce brittle fractuze, may decrease the amount of energy absorbed. Where a standard-size specimen ison the verge of britlle fracture, this is particularly true, and a double width specimen may actually require less energy for rupture than one of standard width X13.2 Tn studies of such effects where the size of the material precludes the use of the standard specimen, for TABLE X1.1 Effect of Varying Notch Olmensions on Standara Specimans High-eneiny eam Eney Detea Spacers, bs Spoamars, JIN Spacimans J tht) ‘Shesinen wit Sandra dimensons 7010 = 62. 760= foo =3.0(5 = tes = aes = ip 2D 10). Hof nach, 2.13 am (2.084 ny 91.9722) 36a (213) 55 (114) ent et neh 2.8 mm (OBES 01875.) 57.2 (422) Baia, Soph ot neh, 07 mm YER + 106.1 78.8) 14 83) w2 1275 Sonn ct nor, a9 mm ora 107.9 (79.8) 24 460) W428) Pass base ef not 0.13 (0.008 9g. (72.21 565 1617) 148 (08) Faso av ase of roth 0.38 mm (0015 18s (20. eas wry 214 (isa)jp E23 example when the material is 6.35-mm (0.25-in,) plate, subsize Specimens are used. Such specimens (Fig, A3.1) are based on the Type A specimen of Fig. 1 13.3 General correlation between the energy values ob. \ained with specimens of different size ot shape is not feasible, ‘but limited correlations may be established for specification Purposes on the basis of special studies of particular materials and particular specimens. On the other hand, in a stady af the relative effect of process variations, evaluation by use of some arbitrarily selected specimen with some chosen notch will in ‘most instances place the methods in their proper order. X14 Temperature &fecr: X11 The testing conditions also affect the notch behavior, So proniounced is the effect of temperature on the behavior of steel when notched that comparisons are frequently made by examining specimen fractures and by plotting energy velue and fracture appearance versus temperature from tests of notched. bars at aseries of temperatures. When the test temperature has, been carried low enough to stut cleavage fracture, there may be an extremely sharp drop in absoried energy or these may be a relatively gradual falling off coward te lower temperatures. ‘This drop in energy value starts when a specimen begins to exhibit some crystalline appearance in the fracture. The tan- sition temperature at which this embritiling effect takes place varies considerably with the size of the part or test specimen and with the nowt: geometry. X15 Testing Machine: XIS.1 The testing michine itself euot be sullciently rigid ‘or tests om high-strength low-energy materials will resalt in excessive clastic energy losses either upwarl through the pendulum shaft or downward through the base of the machine. 11 the anvil suppors, the striker, or the machine foundation bolts are not securely fastened, tests on ductile materials in the Fange ftom 108 J (80 fLIbE) may xetually indicate values in excess of 122 to 136 J (90 c 100 ftbf) 215.2 A problem peculiar to Charpy-type tests occurs ‘when high-strength, low-energy specimens are tested at low emperatures, These specimens may not leave the machine in the direction of the pendulum siving but rather in a sidewise Ulirection. To ensure taat the broken halves of the specimens do fat rebound off some component of the machine and contact the pendulum before it completes its swing, modifications may 2, SUG X21 Pesition of the Cemer of Strtke Relative to the Cemer of Graviey X2.1.1 Since the center of strike eaa only be marked on an assembled machine, only the methods applicable to an as seibled machine are described as follows: X2.1.1.1 The furidamental fact on which sll the methods wre bsed is that when the friction forces are negligible, the center of gravity is vertically below the axis of rotation of a pendulum, Supported by the bearings only, (herein referred to as a free hrongiay peudaluyn), Paragrapt A1.3 limits the friction forces in ESTED METHODS OF MEASUREM! 50 be necessary in older model machines. These modificatic iffer with machine design. Nevertheless the basic problex. the same in that provisions must be made to prevent rebout ing of the fractured specimens into any part of the swing) Pendulum. Where design permits, the broken specimens r: bbe deflected out of the sides of tho machine and yet in ol designs it may be necessary to contain the broken specime within a certain area uatil the pendulem passes durough | anvils, Some low-energy high-strength steel specimens le: impact machines at speeds in excess of 15.2 mis (50 fi although they were suuck by a pendulum traveling at spee approximately 5.2 m/s (17 fs). If the force exerted on | pendulum by the broken specimens is sufficient, the pendul ‘will slow down and erroneously high energy velues will recorded. This problem accounts for many of the inconsist. cies in Charpy results reported by various investigators wit the 14 to 34-3 (10 to 25 fib) range. Figure AL. ilustrae modification found to be satisfactory in minimizing jammir X16 Velocity of Straining: X16.1 Velocity of straining is likewise a varioble 1. affects the notch behavior of steel. The impact ‘est sho Somewhat higher energy absorption values than the static te: above the transition temperature and yer, in some instances, reverse is true below the transition temperature. X17 Correlation with Service: X17.1 While Charpy or Izod tests may not directly pred the ductile oF brittle betavior of steel as commonly used large masses or as components of large structures, cheae te can be used as acceptance tests oF tests of identity for litfere lots of the same steel or in choosing between different stee whca correlation with celisble service behavior fs be established. It may be necessary to make the tests at proper chosen temperatures other than room temperature. In this, service temperature or the transition temperature of full-se: specimens does not give the desired transition temperatures f Charpy or Izod tests since the size and notch geometry may so different. Chemical analysis, tension, and hardness tests not indicate the influence of some of the important process factors thet affect suscepubility wo britile fracture nor do th comprehend the effect of low temperatures in inducing brit behavior. ENT impact machines io a nepligible value. The required mcasut ments may be made using specialized instruments such teansits,clinometers, oF cathometers, However, simple instt ments have been used as described in the following to ma measurements of sufficient accuracy. X2.1.1.2 Suspend a plumb bob from the frame. The plus line should appear visually to be in the plane of swing of | striking edge XL.LL3 Place a massive object on the base clese to 1 latch side of the tp. Adjust the position of this object so tms $ qi) E23 wien ack Lighted, a minimal gap is visable between it and the {up when the pendulum is free hanging. 1.4 With a scale or depth gage pressed lightly against the siking edge atthe center of strike, measure the horizontal stance Delween the plumb line and striking edge. (The Liwension B in Fip. 2.) A213 Similatly, measure the disianes in a horizontal sane through the axis of roration from the plum Tine to the camp Mock oF enlagged end of the pendulum stem, (Dimen- son A jn Fig. X2.1) X2.L1.6 Use a depth gage to measure the radial distance fiom the surface contacted in measuring A to a machined surface of the shaft which connects the pendulum to the bearings in the machine frame. (Dimension © in Fig, X2.1.) X2.1.1.7 Use an cusile caliper or micrometer w measure his diameter of the shaft at the same Ieestion contacted in veasuting C. (Dimension D in Fig. X2.1,) X2.L1.8 Substitute the measured dimensions in the equa- -ewD2-a «: where X= deviation of the cemter of strike from a line from the center of rotation trough the center of gravity. X3. CHARPY V-NOTCR X3.1 The National Institute of Standards and Technology INIST) Standard Reference Materials Program (SRMP) con duets a Charpy machive qualification program originally de- veloped by the US. Army. Under this program, veri specimens are used to certify Charpy impict machines fo the rejbizements of these test methods X3.L.1 Purchasing Verifecation Specimens: X3.1.1.1 Verification specimens may be obtained by con- iavting the SRMP sales. office at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. X3.2 Verification Test Evaluation: XG.2.1 Toreceive a writen report on verification tests, mail the broken est specimens and questionnaire to: Charpy Pro- Savona! Itt of Sladen Teeb wera, Bailing 202. Reory 3d 1) Standard Rofstenge Maes Gaaheriburg, $3909 a Siete ee Eee { Fig. x2.1 Measurement of Deviation of Center of Sitike trom Vertical Plane through Axis o! Retallon when Pendulum Ie Hanging Free VERIFICATION PROGRAM Lol gram Coordinator at NIST. NIST will evaluete the specimens and test results, and retum a report. If a machine meets the direct and indirect verification requizements of ASTM Standard E 23, a feter of certification will be issued for the machine. If ‘a machine is producing values outside the tolerances given in the ASTM E23 standard, the repo may suggest repair or repincement of certain machine parts, a change in testing techniques, or other adjustments. X3.22 Questions on verification testing and results should be addressed 10 the Charpy Program Coordinator, Test results say be requesied by phone or FAX, prior to the evaluation of broken specimens. ‘To obtain informal results, the user must supply the fot code (for example, LL-«x, HH-xx, or SH-4x) and individual specimen identification numbers (stamped on the specimens). along with the abserhed energy values ob- tained during tteir test. *Chapy Prosim Container NIST, Mall Code 453. 325 toads ould ep sess 3328Gp & 23 REFERENCES: (1) Nansod, R. K., Swain, RL, and Berggren, R. G., “inlvence of ‘Thermal Conditioning Media on Charpy Specimen Test Temperature,” (Charpy tmpacs Tes: Pactors and Nariabtes, ASTM STP 1072, ASTM, L990. (2) Toler R. L. EL als" Chany Impact “ess Near Absolute Zero," Journal of Testing and Brabatire, NOI 19, | 1992, 3) Walloen, R.A. Heland, DR, and Tela, A. 8.."Radlation Effects cn the Metaturgical Pracure Parameters and Fracture Taueliness ef Pressure Vessel Steels." Jrradiatan Efecte on Structural Allo for Nucleue Revcror Applications, ASTM STP 484, ASTM. 1970, pp. 20-41 Sovak. 1. F, “Comelation of Data from Standard and Preeencked ‘Charpy Specimens with Fracture Taughaess Data for 1-120, 4517-8, ‘and FY0 Steel Journal of Testing and Evaluation, ITEVA, Vol 1, No. 3, Blay 1982, 9p. 102-11, 51 Succop, G. and Brown, W. F. timation of Kj, from Slow Hed Precracked Chaspy Specimen Suengih Raton” Developments in Pracsuretfechantes Te! Methods Standard, ASTM STP O32, W. The american Sich for Tsing at atari tkes v0 poston re F, Browa, Jr, and J. G. Kautman, 8s, ASTM, 1977, pp. 179-192, (6) Timicher, 8. “The Correlation of Fracture Toughness with Chaipy YVenoteh Impact Test Data," Army Ammameot Resear and Develop. nt Command, Technical Report ARLCB-TR-#1012, 1981 fluent, R.A. Ueland, D. Ry and A. S. Teielman, “Use of the Precracked Charpy Specimen in Fractwe Toughness Testing," Frau ture Prevention dnd Control, yp. 255-282, (8) Barsom, IM. and Rolfe, S. .,"Corelaiions Between K,, and Chany Venotch Test Resuls in the Teanstion-Termperanme Range" Impacy Testing of Metals, ASTM STP 465, ASTM, 1970, pp. 281-202, (9) Mikula, S., Vassllaros, MG. and H.C. Rogers, "Precracking and ‘Siruin Rate Effects on HSLA-[00 Steel Charpy Specimens." Charpy Urpact Test: Fectors and Varicbles, ASTM STP 1072, 1.M, Holt. E, ‘ASTM, 1950, (16) Starkey, R. L. ond Stone, D, H. "A Comparison of Champy V-note, Dynamic Tear, and Precracked Charpy Impact Transition ‘Tomperaans Curves for AAR Grades of Cast Steck” ” ec te vlity of ary pati ges assented ie commection vw any vem metronod fs stancara Users of fis sardard exroz9¥ aia hat IolerrnaiOn os vale OV any Suc Patent ogni, and Meek af ntngemect of such rls, av any the xn rosaonsi Oy. 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