New Format Project Report Format - BFM Zafar Final

PROJECT REPORT
ON
CLOUD COMPUTI NG
B ACHELOR OF COMMERCE (FIN ANCI AL M AN AGEMENT) SEMESTER

V
(2016-2017)
SUBMITTED
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF DEGREE OF
B.Com (FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT)
BY
ANSARI MOHAMMED ZAFAR MOHAMMED

UMAR
ROLL NO. -__45__
BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE &COMMERCE

MURBAD ROAD KALYAN (W)
BIRLACOLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE, & COMMERCE,

KALYAN
(Conducted by Kalyan Citizens Education Society)
(Affiliated by University of Mumbai)
B ACHELOR OF COMMERCE (FIN ANCI AL M AN AGEMENT)

CERTIFIC ATE
This is to certify that __________________________ OF T.Y

B.COM
(FINANCIAL
successfully
MANAGEMENT)
completed
the
Semester
project
on
has
__CLOUD
COMPUTING________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________________________,under
the
guidance
of
_____________________________________
PROJECT SUPERVISOR:
COURSE CO-ORDINATOR:
INTERNAL EXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
PRINCIPAL
2
DECLARATION
I, ANSARI MOHAMMED ZAFAR MOHAMMED UMAR student of T.Y
B.COM (FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT) semester V (2016-2017) hereb y
declare
that
have
completed
the
project
on __CLOUD
COMPUTING________________________________________________
__________________________________ . I further declare that the
information imparted is true and fair to the best of my knowledge.
SI
GNATURE
Name: _______________
ROLL NO. _________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby express my heartiest thanks to all sources who have
contributed to the making of this project . I oblige thanks to all
who supported , provided their valuable guidance help andhelp
for the accomplishment of this project. I thankful to Mumbai
university for
giving such as challenging task to explore the
urbanization which includes not only thinking and analyzing

various facts and update about real work , our principal
DR.
MR.NARESH CHANDRA and the course coordinator for having

such wonderful course. I am very much grateful to my project
guide who in spite of busy schedule spend valuable time to
guide me and helped in completion of this project.
I also extent hearty thanks to all my family , friend and all the
well-wisher.
Project synopsis
BACKGROUND OF THE ST UDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ST UDY
RESEARCH PROBLEMS
OBJECTIVE OF THE ST UDY
SAMPLING MEHTOD
ANALYSIS OF DATA
KEY FINDINGS
SUGGESTIONS
CONCLUSION
Contents
1
Chapter 1: Introduction ( 8-10 Pages) .......................................................1

1.1
Introduction: Meaning and definition ....................................................1
1.2
Features/Characteristics..........................................................................1
1.3
Origin and growth .......................................................................................1
1.4
Advantages/Disadvantages/Benefits/Limitations ..............................1
1.5
Recent trends and growing importance ...............................................1
1.6
Ke y challenges............................................................................................1
1.7
Statement of research problems ............................................................1
1.8
Objective of the stud y...............................................................................1
1.9
Chapterisation scheme.............................................................................1
Chapter 2: Review of literature (3-5 Pages) ............................................1

2.1
Factor 1:.......................................................................................................1
2.2
Factor 2:.......................................................................................................1
2.3
Factor 3:.......................................................................................................1
Chapter 3: Research methodolog y (3-5 pages) ......................................2

3.1
Research design.........................................................................................2
3.2
Sampling design.........................................................................................2
3.2.1 Target population.................................................................................2

3.2.2 Sampling frame....................................................................................2
3.2.3 Period of study.....................................................................................2
3.3
Sample size.................................................................................................2
3.4
Data collection............................................................................................3
3.5
Structure of questionnaire .......................................................................3
3.6
Format of questionnaire designed .........................................................3
3.7
Anal ytical Tools applied for the stud y..................................................5
3.8
Testing of Hypothesis procedure ......................................................6
3.8
Research ethics..........................................................................................7
Chapter 4: Data analysis (26- 36 pages) ..................................................7

4.1
ANOVA..........................................................................................................7
4.2
Correlation...................................................................................................7
4.3
Average score.............................................................................................7
4.4
Percentage anal ysis..................................................................................7
Chapter 5: Summary of findings (2-4 Pages) ...........................................7
Chapter 6: Suggestions and conclusion (2-3 Pages) ............................7
List of figures
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1: Introduction( 8-10 Pages)
INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Cloud computing is a general term of the delivery of hosted services over the
internet.cloud computing enables companies to consume computer resources as
a utility just like electricity rather having to build and maintain computing
infrastructures in-house.cloud computing promises several attractive benefits
for businesses and end users.cloud computing refers to the use of computing
resources, those being hardware and /or software that resides on
remote
machine and are delivered to the end user as a service over a network with the
most prevalent example being the internet . By definition,auser entrusts his
data to a remote service on which has limited to no influence.When it is first
appeared asaterm and a concept a lot of critics dismissed it as being the latest
tech fed. However cloud computing managed to cut through the hype and truly
shift the paradigm of hoe IT is done nowadays. The cloud hasachieved cutting
cost of enterprises and helping users focus on their core business instead of
being obstructed by IT issues. For this reason is seems that it is here to stay for
the immediate future.Cloud computing is a type of computing which involves
sharing of computer resources rather than using local servers or dedicated
devices for processing. In simple word it is the process of storing frequently
used
data
on
multiple
server
which
cloud
be
accessed
by
using
theinternet.various services like servers storage and application are provided to

the users computing devices via internet.some good example of using cloud are
;Dropbox; an online storage providing 2 GB
of free storage to the
users.Google ; letting the users to create documents and calenders for free.
10
Background Study of the cloud computing

Cloud computing is a resource sharing approach both in hardware and software
environment. Mainly there are three types of cloud computing services such as
Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and Platform
as a Service (PaaS) . The following frameworks are coming under any of the
cloud computing services. Mainly there are four cloud deployment models.
Those are Private Cloud, Community Cloud, Public Cloud and Hybrid Cloud .
Nowadays many frameworks are used for cloud applications. Main goal of this
project is to focus on different frameworks for cloud computing.
Software as a Service (SaaS) is for the online delivery of software. SaaS runs
on a Web browser. Main Drawback of SaaS is less ability to customize the
applications like business. In Software as a Service (SaaS) users can access
software applications hosted by the cloud vendor on pay-per-use basis.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is for offering hardware related services like
storage services. Platform as a Service (PaaS) is for offering platform for
developing cloud applications.
There are mainly four types of cloud. They are private, community, public and
hybrid.Private
cloud
is
specific
for
an
organization.
The
computing
Infrastructure is not shared among any other organizations.
The cloud
infrastructure is shared by many numbers of co-operated organizations in

community cloud. Community cloud supports a specific community that has a
shared concern. In public cloud visibility and control over the computing
infrastructure is available to the customer. The computing Infrastructure is
shared among many organizations. Both public and private cloud is working
together in hybrid cloud.
Hardware virtualization is extensively used to increase computation power as
well
as
resource
utilization
of
cloud
computing
services.
Hardware
virtualization allows single physical platform to run number of operating

systems and software applications. Virtualization creates an abstraction layer
between user and the physical resource. Virtual Machine Monitor (Hypervisor)
establishes the abstraction layer. The Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) runs on
11
the original machine and allocates the resources to the Virtual Machines. Most
common virtual machine managers include KVM, Xen and VMWare.
NEED FOR THE STUDY OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is now becoming a business standard.it simplifies the users
accessibility.it provides a virtual storage space to the user which could be used
without bothering about the details of the entire mechanism .here are some
other reasons why every enterprise might need cloud computing for their
business
1: COST SAVINGS
Cloud computing removes the requirement of a company to invest in storage

hardware and servers.
2: FOCUSING ON THE BUSINESS
Since all the services will execute over the internet,a company does not have to
bother about technical issues and other problems associated with ph ysical storage
and backup. A company can thus focus more on their core business.
3: PERFORMANCE
It delivers reliable performance irrespective to the geographical location of the
user.another key feature could be the automatic updating of services and
applications
4: SECURITY
Cloud
computing
offers
optimum
security
which
protects
you
against
an y
unauthorized access , modification and loss of data.
5: FLEXIBILITY
Even if part of the cloud environment fails or stops working ,the other resource
continue to work until the problem is fixed.
12
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CLOUD COMPUTING IN WORKFORCE

MANAGEMENT:
cloud services have grown in popularity over the past couple of years.cloud
computing is the number one strategic trend in the recentl y released top 10
strategic technologies from gartner. According to gartnersreport,cloud computing
is a computing model in which providers remotel y deliver a variety of IT-enabled,
on-demand capabilities to consumers. Cloud-based services can be exploited in a
variety of wa ys to deplo y an application or a solution. using cloud resources does
not eliminate the costs associated with IT solutions, but does rearrange some
costs and reduce others.in addition ,enterprises consuming cloud services may
increasingl y act as cloud providers and deliver application, information or business
process services to customers and business partners. the report indicates that
cloud-baseon-demand enterprise solutions, which include cloud-based workforce
management solutions, are in growing demand. the advantages of saas or cloudbased workforce management solutions have been well-documented .this model of
delivery allows organizations to deplo y workforce management products quickly
and easil y, with minimal upfront investment .because the vendor is responsible for
maintaining all hardware and network infrastructure ,as well as application
performance and availability ,this model reduces the strain on compan y IT
departments. In addition, organizations automaticall y get the latest and most
advanced workforce management applications without having to perform expensive
upgrades or purchase new software licenses. Workforce management solutions
provided via the cloud provide web or mobile access to workforce management
applications that help organizations significantly reduce their workforce costs.these
applications can take advantage of cost efficiencies such as shared components ,
13
and may also embrace the on-demand infrastructure of a cloud to provide

additional services when needed. The need for an ytime and anywhereinformation
has increased demand for mobile technologies. Mobile technologies using cloud
computing allow the user to access the information very easil y at an y place and at
any time.
STUDY OBJECTIVE:
The stud y aimed at anal yzing the exetent of adoption for cloud computing services
in various organization .the study focused upon vertical sectors like financial
services , utilities and public sector . the study observed current trends pertaining
to cloud computing and the extent of adoption for this cutting edge technology
through various vertical sectors . it also helped to drive forecast of upcoming
trends in adoption of cloud computing .
this stud y enables to understand penetration and willingness to adopt cloud
computing in various organization/sector.the stud y explored impact of cloud
computing on business , proposed saving by implementing the technolog y and
barriers to adoption. Business innovation is an outcome of multiple factors,since IT
being one of them this stud y also exchanged views on how cloud computing impact
business innovation / growth.
Apart from the understanding the current penetration of the technology , the
forecast of extend of IT delivery through cloud technology and the plans of
adoption of cloud computing in various organization were explored.
KEY R ESEARCH I SSUES
/ PROBLEM
Despite the seeming advances made in CLOUD provisioning, many major obstacles
remain as yet basically unsolved. Whilst minor advances have been made, aspects
such
as
federated
CLOUDs
are
far
from
completion
yet
communication
14
restrictions play thereby a major development wall. This is clearly due to the fact
that these issues have been addressed onl y insufficientl y b y industry as yet, due to
theircomplexity and challenges, as well as their limited short-term business
interest. This does by no means limit the value of these aspects, as detailed above
rather, the incremental approaches commonly pursued by industry still struggle
with the actual adoption and exploitation of CLOUDs. The preceding sections have
identified most of the according obstacles and discussed them in some detail. For
the purpose of reference, we will quickl y summarise them in the following:
Economic models & expertise:

the market structure of CLOUDs is as yet generall y unclear when and how
CLOUDs are profitable is still mostl y subject to guesswork and experimentation.
Most existing data is constrained to specific use cases and platforms. New cost
and pricing models are needed and more knowledge needs to be gathered as to
when it is sensible to move to CLOUDs, and how much cost & effort this implies.
Scale & heterogeneity of modern IT environments:

the scope of user devices, as well as infrastructure resources has grown beyond
easy manageability both in terms of size / scale, and diversity / heterogeneity.
Optimising the resource utilisation becomes increasing complex and is hardlyn
supported b y either code or data hosted. Automation is thereby crucial.
Communication limitations:
the increased scale leads to increased communication and data traffic that exceeds
the physical connection and processing limitations, and also the current network
managementmethodologies.
15
Modalities of scale:
code and data are not prepared for exploiting the CLOUD environment and all its
characteristics. Algorithms exhibit thereby both modalities of scale, horizontal and
vertical, and the environment has to deal with the according impact on execution.
Programming models:
are still oriented towards single-core sequential execution. In order to fully exploit
the
CLOUD
execution
restrictions
characteristics,
are
needed
appl y
to
that
new
cater
composed
approaches
for
and
to
horizontal
aggregated
distributedprogramming
and
vertical
applications
scale.
and
and
Similar
standard
communication between instances.
Resource Management / Usage specifi c behaviour:

different use cases exhibit different code behaviour and requirements. Generall y,
CLOUDs do not explicitly exploit these differences, in particular in terms of
location control, multi-tenancy etc. so as to optimise the execution performance in
terms of all quality parameters. For example, moving data with the user to ensure
availability not only through replication.
Migrating applications:
The full impact and consequences of moving applications to the CLOUDs is as yet
not clear. As long as the switching cost is high (lack of programming model, lacking
interoperability etc.), the benefits and the scope of impact must be clear for the
use cases that actuall y benefit from CLOUDs.
16
All time issues:

the CLOUD is another step on the evolution of the IT environments, and thus
subject to the same concerns as all the others. The specific nature of CLOUDs
intensifies many of these problems even further. To these belong first of all
security and data protection, but also classical optimisation and management
problems.
.
2 Chapter 2: Review of literature (3-5 Pages)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INTRODUCTTION:
Web-based network management revolving about database puts forward a feasible
mode for network information processing and has the characteristics of wide
distribution, full interactivity, real-time d ynamic and so on in the application; and is
beneficial to timely adjustment for network performance and rapid recovery for
fault. For this purpose cloud database management system plays very important
role. Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network
based computing that takes place over the Internet. Cloud Computing is basically a
step on from Utility Computing. It is collection/group of integrated and networked
hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform), Using the
Internet
for
communication
and
transport
provides
hardware,
software
and
networking services to clients. The benefit of this is that these platforms hide the
complexity and details of the underl ying infrastructure from users and applications
b y providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming
Interface). The cloud is used as a storage location and database can be accessed
17
and computed from an ywhere. The large number of web application makes the use
of distributed storage solution in order to scale up.
MEANING OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

THE definition issued by the u.s national institute of standard and technolog y
(NITS)SEPTEEMBER
2011
it
start
with
cloud
computing
modeling
for
enabelingubiquitoue , convienient ,on demand network access to a shared pool of

configuration computing resources (eg; network server ,storage application and
services )that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
efforts or services provider interaction.this cloud model is composed of 5 essential
characteristics and 4 deplo yment models . it mentioned a shared pool of
configurable computing resources this aspect of cloud computing is not new . infact
it is fair to draw a direct line from TIME SHARING that was initiated in the late
1950s and saw significant growth in the 1960s and 1970s to toda ys cloud
computing. Adding to that, however is the essential characteristic of cloud
computing known as elasticity.the second sentence alludes to elasticity by stating
there are computing resources .. that can be provisioned and released with
minimal management efforts or service provider interaction.
The definition mentioned as aservice provider. In cloud computing, the elasticity
computing resources are used to provide a service.unclear hoe rigorous we should
view the term service in the definition.nevertheless cloud computing is very much
involved with software engineering term service.a service is the end point of the
connection.also,a service has some type of underl ying computer system that
supports the connection offered.
18
DEFINTION:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to
a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Author: NIST.
(1) Cloud computing reall y comes into focus only when you think about what IT
always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without
investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software.
Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pa y-per-use service that,
in real time over the Internet, extends its existing capabilities."
(2) I view cloud computing as a broad array of web-based services aimed at
allowing users to obtain a wide range of functional capabilities on a pay-as-yougo basis that previousl y required tremendous hardware/software investments and
professional skills to acquire. Cloud computing is the realization of the earlier
ideals of utility computing without the technical complexities or complicated
deployment worries."
(3)"In order to discuss some of the issues surrounding The Cloud concept, I think it
is important to place it in historical context. Looking at the Cloud's forerunners,
and the problems they encountered, gives us the reference points to guide us
through the challenges it needs to overcome before it is adopted."
19
2.1.2Advantages of Cloud Computing

1: Low Cost
Entering the cloud is a low-cost proposition.
It does not require a large capital
investment up front for hardware, equipment and infrastructure.
You will need to
have desktops, laptops or some type of device to access the Internet and utilize
your data. But, the investment in implementing and maintaining your own in-house
network is minimal.
For many small businesses, this is important. The cost of maintaining an in-house
network is enormous and seems to be increasing every da y.
With an in-house
network, there are the costs of software and hardware upgrades as well as
maintaining and training of an IT staff. Because these responsibilities are with the
cloud services provider, those costs are theirs.
The best wa y to think of the cost of cloud computing is to think in terms of renting
vs. owning.
The cloud provider owns and maintains all of the resources and the
business client begins to use it for a monthl y or annual fee. This is similar to what
is commonly referred to as the Software-as-a-Service (or SaaS) model. You pay as
you go.
This type of model gives the business owner more predictability in
budgeting for these costs.
2: Flexibility
With cloud computing, because you only pa y for what you use, you have the
flexibility to only use what you need. This means if you are a small business in a
start-up mode, you can start small. As the business grows, you simply use more
computing resources as needed.
bring into operation.
It can be very fast to set up, implement, and
Some cloud providers are set up to automaticall y scale for
your resource demands.
20
The infrastructure can usuall y be customized to your needs.

network, public, or a combination of both.
It can be a private
In addition, the cloud supports multi-
platform development environments.
3: Simple, Fast, Easy

The beauty of cloud computing is that it's easy.
streamline many parts of your business.
Using cloud computing can
Your business can run more efficiently
when you tap into web-based applications that are available in the cloud.
Everything
from
prospect
management
applications
to
customer
invoicing can be moved out of your shop and into the cloud.
billing
and
This gives you the
ability to focus on what you do best in your business and excel at your strengths
while someone else handles the administrative functions.
4: Accessibility
Regardless of where you are in the world, you can access your cloud based
applications. Gone are the complicated remote login procedures required for your
in-house network. The onl y thing required is a device that can access the web and
an Internet connection.
This means your staff can have access anywhere and at
anytime, from home, office or on the road at a client's office.
5: Sustainability
Should a natural disaster strike your business, the good news is that your
computing capability resides somewhere else. Obviousl y, this is a disadvantage if
the disaster hits your cloud provider.
21
Potential Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

1: Security of Your Data
This is one of the primary concerns related to cloud computing.
In a very basic
sense, the data that used to reside within the four walls of your facility now resides
elsewhere.
The security of that data must be addressed, particularly if the data
contains trade secrets, proprietary lists, customer files, etc.

Adding to the concern are the results from a recent survey: 69% of cloud providers
said that data security was the responsibility of the end-user.
By contrast, only
35% of the end-users agreed that they should be responsible. It is clear that there
is a disparity between cloud providers and cloud users about who is responsible for
data security.
"Anyone purchasing cloud services should assume that their data is vulnerable to
compromise," said Derek Carr, "Going into it with that frame of mind sets the stage
for proper measures to be taken right from the start," he added.
While many small businesses do not have the resources to adequately protect their
data even when it is in-house, a reasonably priced off-site solution may be right for
certain applications.
The ke y is asking the right questions of the provider and
getting good advice.
2: Redundancy
This term refers to the reliability of your web-based applications that run in the
cloud. A practical example would be if the server that your website is running on
crashes, another server picks up where the other left off and your business keeps
going. This is redundancy. In the cloud man y think that because their applications
are running "out there" on the Internet that there is built-in redundancy. This is a
misconception and not true. The typical cloud provider will have resources running
on one server. Some will have multiple servers and this is good; however, the truth
22
is that those multiple servers typically reside in one data center.If there is a
problem at the data center that takes down multiple servers, or the entire data
center, then your business can come down with it. This has happened. There are
several recent examples of major entities being down for an ywhere from an hour to
several days over the past two years.
These have included Amazon, Microsoft
SideKick, Google, Hotmail, Intuit and others.
3: Costs When Under Attack

Even though cloud computing offers a great low cost option for small businesses, it
can actually cost more mone y if a compan y's website comes under a distributed
denial of service (DDoS) attack.
The reason is that the typical goal of a DDoS
attack is to gobble up resources in order to render the server incapacitated. If the

cloud computing provider has no protections in place against DDoS attacks, when
the site is attacked, the provider will simply begin to increase the resources that
the site requires (due to the attack) and bill for the resources provided.
It is
important to ask the provider what kind of provisions they have to protect against
this type of attack.
4: Performance Can Vary

In
cloud
environment,
your
applications
are
running
on
servers
that
simultaneousl y provide resources to other businesses. As the requirements for the

other users go up and down, the performance of your share of the resources will
vary.
Often, a cloud provider may claim that the resources available to you are
unlimited.
This may be theoreticall y true, but from a practical point of view the
hardware scalability is probabl y limited. You may not know exactly how scalable it
is until you reach your usage limitation
On their system.
23
2.1.3RECENT TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is acquiring more prominence and its applications on various
fields of IT are growing in a fast pace from its infancy. The cloud computing
technology when merged with existing technologies of computing can revolutionize
the wa ys of data communication and storage.
1: Open Source Cloud Computing

With the help of open standards, different technolog y firms have started powerful
cloud services. One of the prominent examples is the creation and development of
Hadoop Framework. The framework divides the application into different clusters
and assigns to various independent nodes to carry out the work.Many open source
cloud computing platforms with unique set of characteristics are available which
meets different kinds of user requirements . A few examples include OpenNebula,
Eucal yptus, OpenStack, Nimbus, XCP, CloudFoundry, etc
2: Private Clouds
Numerous companies are moving onto private clouds to provide business solutions
in an efficient and cost effective manner . Various beneficiary aspects of private
clouds are driving Small and Medium Businesses to build private clouds which
includes.
Scalable architecture to cater the needs
On demand resource provisioning
Improved resource utilization
Reduced hardware and software costs
The transition to the private clouds includes five major steps
Standardization
phase identifies the needed hardware and software resources to build the cloud .
Consolidation phase deals with evaluation and centralization of resources that can
24
be managed together which helps to better utilize the less used resources.
Virtualization phase is the process of creating multiple logical copies of a resource
which can be operating system, storage, network or applications which leads to
flexibility and cost reduction . Repetitive tasks like provisioning, monitoring And
issue reporting regarding resources which are done manuall y will be automated in
the next phase. Orchestration phase deals with dynamically binding all the needed
components and providing it to the user as a whole. The features of private cloud
is specifically beneficial to Small and Medium Business(SMB) and start-up
companies as the y can use world-class infrastructure without bu ying hardware and
maintaining large support teams and pay onl y for what they have used. But a
private cloud will function smoothl y if a fast, highl y reliable network connects the
physical servers. For this reason, the entire network infrastructure must be
anal yzed beforehand. The network must satisfy all the requirements for the private
cloud setup or the components have to be upgraded to meet the needs. Ultimately,
even
minor
losses
in
transmission
speed
can
lead
to
extreme
drops
in
performance. This means a private cloud also presents new challenges to network
monitoring and as the name private, it insists the need of private network
monitoring.
Essential characteristics of Cloud Computing

(1) On demand self services:
computer services such as email, applications, network or server service can
be provided without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
Cloud service providers providing on demand self servicesinclud e Amazon Web
Services
(AWS),
Micro soft,
Google,
IBM
and
Salesforce.com.
New
York
25
Times and NASDAQ are examples of companies using AWS (NIST). Gartner
describes this characteristic as service based
(2) Broad network access :

Cloud
Capabilities
are
available
over
the
network
and
accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client

platforms such as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs.
(3) Resource pooling :

The
providers
computing
consumers
using
resources
dynamicall y
resources
multiple-tenant
are
model,
assigned
and
pooled
with
together
different
reassigned
to
serve multiple
ph ysical
according
to
and
virtual
consumer
demand. The resources include among others storage, processing, memory,

network bandwidth, virtual machines and email services. The pooling together
of the resource builds economies of scale (Gartner).
(4) Rapid elasticity :

Cloud services
can be
rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases
automatically, to quickl y scale out and rapidly released to quickl y scale in.
To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
unlimited and can be purchased in an y quantity at any time.
(5) Measured service :

Cloud computing resource usage can be measured, controlled, and reported
providing transparency for
both the provider and consumer of the utilized
service .Cloud computing services use a metering capability

control and optimize resource
electricity or
use.
municipality water
This
implies
that
IT services are charged
which enables to
just
like
air
time,
per
usage metrics
pay per use The more you utilise the higher the bill. Just as utility companies
sell
power
to
subscribers,
and
telephone
companies
sell voice
and
data
26
services,
IT
services
such
as
network
security
management,
data
center
hosting or even departmental billing can now be easil y delivered as a contractual

service.
(6)MultiTenacity :
is the 6 characteristics of cloud computing advocated by the Cloud Security
Alliance. It refers to the need for policy-driven enforcement, segmentation,
isolation,
governance,
different consumer
service
levels,
constituencies.
and
Consumers
chargeback/billing
might
utilize
models
public
for
cloud
providers service offerings or actually be from the same organization, such as

different business units rather than distinct organizational entities, but would still
share infrastructure.
(7) Omnipresent network accessaccess is promoted through use of several technolog y devices.
(8) LOCATION INDEPENDENT RESOURCE POOLINGthe providers computing resources are pooled to serve all customer with different
resources assigned according to the users demand.
2.1.5WHAT
RULES
GOVERN
THE
CLOUD
or
FACTORS
AFFECTING THE CLOUD

The major set of factors affecting the location of cloud computing data centers
revolve around
jurisdiction issues. The laws, policies, and regulation of a
particular jurisdiction can have a significant impact on the cloud providers and the
cloud users. Government through law, policies and regualation-can either stifle or
promote the development of cloud computing with in jurisdiction. There are many
laws, and policy problem raised by cloud computing that become problematic for
cloud providers and cloud users .for users , these issues and expectation include:
27
1: ACCESS :
users will expect to be able to access and the use the cloud where and when the y
wish without hindrance from the cloud providers or third parties.
2: RELIBILITY ;
users will expect the cloud to be reliable resource, especiall y if a cloud provider
takes over the task of running mission-criticalapplication .
3: SECURITY :
users will expect that the cloud provider will prevent unauthorized access to both
data and code, and the sensitive data will remain secure .
4: DATA CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY :

users will except that the cloud provider, other third parties and government will
not monitor their activities ,except when cloud providers selectively monitor usage
for quality control purposes.
5: LIABILITY :
users will expect clear delineation of liability if serious problems occurs.
6: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ;
users and third party content providers will expect that their intellectual property
rights will be upheld.
7: OWNERSHIP OF DATA ;
users will expect to be able regulate and control the information that is created and
modified using those services.
28
8: FUNGIBILITY ;
users will expect that data and resources stored in one aspect of the cloud can be
easil y moved or transferred to another similar service with little or no effort i,e a
high expectation of data portability.
9: AUDITABILITY ;
users particularly corporate will expect that providers will comply with regulations
or at least be able to provide the the ability to be audited peer regulation
requirements.
The failure to address these issues can cause resistance to a service among
users. Lingering mistrust and fear of government snooping is alread y having a
negative backlash on certain google services that sort vast amounts of users
information.
2.1.6The Top Seven Challenges of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing for sure is very promising and is not just a piece of technology in
the digital world, but it has the potential to be a key building block for businesses
to function .However, there are multiple parameters that can risk businesses
consuming cloud computing and make them run for their lives. Some of those as
far as think are as follows:
1: Actual cost (Total cost of ownership):

Comparison done by vendors for cloud computing to conventional hosting (captive
where hardware and software are bought and managed) or managed hosting
(leasing of h/w, software with or without services), in most of the cases is not
apple to apple. The popular pa y as you go pricing model of cloud computing is
onl y for the compute power and that is CPU cycle (how long the CPU was engage
29
in serving request), Memory utilization, disk space consumption. An ything beyond

the compute power like back up, data transfer, security, monitoring, security, data
life cycle etc are add-on services and have to be paid separately. The sum ofall the
costs results into a substantial number. If the application that will sit on the cloud
infrastructure have a 2-3+ year or have a road map for few years, then the cash
out flow in most probable cases will be higher than the other hosting options The
interesting aspect of these add on services is that the services are provided b y a
third party and not the cloud vendor. This introduces too man y cooks in the kitchen
and managing multiple contracts and vendors is a nightmare.
2: Vendor liabilities:
Cloud infrastructure is setup by using hypervisor, which enables the hardware
usage
to
the
maximum by sharing
compute
power (CPU, memory)
in
the
background. Technological advancement in hardware has made servers smaller but

more powerful. Hence lots can be done b y very small size of hardware (servers).
Cloud vendors slice out virtual machines leveraging h ypervisor (like KVM, HyperV
or VMware) to their customers. Customers will have full access and control (install,
reinstall, start, stop restarts, change configuration) over their virtual machines but
actual location of the virtual machine where it resides, is rarel y known. So in the
event of a hardware failure, the vendor support team would know which hardware
(physical server) has crashed but would have limited knowledge or no knowledge
of which customers virtual machines are impacted. More importantl y, to bring back
the application, the customer must either have an adept team in the house to find a
partner to administer technolog y above hypervisors like OS, COTS (custom of the
shelf) software. The cloud is a multi-tenant environment where many clients share
one set of hardware infrastructure. Criticality of that hardware to be available all
the time is immense. In the event of failure of the infrastructure, there will be an
impact on multiple business applications. As a result, depending on the type of
30
business application running on the shared infrastructure, the damage could be of

different categories (customer experience, mone y, loss of business, brand etc) and
scale. In such a scenario, imagine the size of the liability the cloud vendor will ride
on when there are many clients on a shared infrastructure. In case of a mishap the
total sum of liabilities could be more than the compan y (cloud vendor) is worth.
That is wh y the cloud vendors shy awa y from putting a clause for the loss to
business in their legal agreement and pa y just the fee waiver of the total down
time, which in most cases would be inconsequential as compared to the impact to
business.
3: Legality
Courts round the world are beginning to understand cyber law and are busy writing
law on cyber security. Cloud and its set up complexity is a generation ahead of
what court understands it toda y. As cloud is virtual and span across boundaries, so
when there is a breach of contract or data is compromise or down time incident
then who and how the issue will be contested, which land of law prevails and the
issue is brought to justice.
4: Data security
The top most concern that everybod y seem to agree as a challenge with cloud is
security. The data security and privacy concerns ranks top on almost all of the
surveys. Cloud computing introduces another level of risk because essential
services are often outsourced to a third party, making it harder to maintain data
integrity and privacy, support data and service availability, and demonstrate
compliance. However, following are the Top Challenges in my view when security is
on table:
Data leakage
31
cloud credential
snooping
ke y management
performance
5: Interoperability and Portability between the Vendors

Interoperability, and the challenge of maintaining control of operations in the face
of it, is a central issue for those that operate distributed applications on the
internet or in the cloud.Interoperability isnt just creating and controlling at
developer
level,
but
also
tangential
setof
problems
which
are
increasingly
becoming difficult to deal with. For the operators, theproblem of interoperability

has several parts:
1:maintaining interoperability with dependencies
2: maintaining interoperability for dependents
3: maintaining interoperability with things operations control
4: maintaining interoperability with things operation doesnt control
6: Inter Connectivity
Delivery of complex services through the network is clearl y impossible if the
network bandwidth is not adequate. Many of the businesses are waiting for
improved bandwidth and lower costs before the y consider moving into the cloud.
Many cloud applications are still too bandwidth intensive.
7: SLA Compliance and Quality of Service

Quality if Service is one of the biggest factors that the enterprises cite as a
reason for not moving their business applications to cloud. They feel that the SLAs
provided by the cloud providers today are not sufficient to guarantee the
requirements for running a production applications on cloud especially related to
32
the availability, performance and scalability. In most cases, enterprises get

refunded for the amount of time the service was down but most of the current SLAs
down cover business loss. Without proper service quality guarantee enterprises are
not going to host their business critical infrastructure in the cloud.
2.1.7Motivation towards Cloud in recent time

Cloud computing is not a new idea but it is an evolution of some old paradigm of
distributed computing. The advent of the enthusiasm about cloud computing in
recent past is due to some recent technology trend and business models.
Cloud Computing
1. High demand of interactive applications { Applications with real time response
and with capability of providing information either b y other users or by nonhuman
sensors gaining more and more popularity toda y. These are generall y attracted to
cloud not only because of high availability but also because these services are
generall y data intensive and require anal yzing data across different sources.
2. Parallel batch processing { Cloud inherently supports batch-processing and

anal yzingtera-bytes of data very effcientl y. Programming models like Google's
map-reduce
and Yahoo!'s open source counter partHadoop can be used to do
these hiding operational complexity of parallel processing of hundreds of cloud

computing servers.
3. New trend in business world and scienti_c community { In recent times the
business enterprises are interested in discovering customers needs, buying
patterns, supply chains to take top management decisions. These require analysis
of very large amount of online data. This can be done with the help of cloud very
easil y. Yahoo ! Homepage is a very good example of such thing. In the homepage
33
the y show the hottest news in the country. And according to the users' interest the y
change the ads and other sections in the page. Other than these many scientific
experiments need very time consuming data processing jobs like LHC (Large
Hadron Collider). Those can be done by cloud.
4.
Extensive
desktop
application
Some
desktop
applications
like
Matlab,
Mathematica are becoming so compute intensive that a single desktop machine is

no longer enough to run them .So the y are developed to be capable of using cloud
computing to perform extensiveevaluatio.
34
2.1.8 HOW CLOUD COMPUTING WORKS:

the goal of cloud computing is to apply traditional supercomputing,or
high-performance computing power, normally used by military and
research facilities, to perform tens of trillions of computation per
second ,in consumer oriented application such as financial portfolios, to
deliver personalized information, to provide data storage or to power
large, immersive online computer games. To do this, cloud computing
uses networks of large group of servers typically running low cost
consumer PC technolog y with contains large pools of system that are
linked together. Often virtualization techniques are used to maximize
the power of cloud computing.
2.1.9CLOUD
COMPUTING
FOR
IT
BUYERS,
CORPOREATES AND FEDERAL:

The critical advantages have not been lost to corporate users. The
ability to lessen the work load on system administrators and developers
alike lets companies save dollars spent on manpower .in short,
compan y can do more with less , and with greater efficiency .besides
the manpower advantage ,company will also gain an advantage in terms
of reduced capital expenditure .why? the cloud not onl y reduced time
spent on admin duties and development , it also addresses the ph ysical
infrastructure itself.companies taking full advantage of cloud computing
will enjo y a reduced need for a servers and storage arra ys providing
1
another source of saving ( and in turn , reducing the system admin

overhead even further). In the corporate world one of the mosr
important parts of business is improving thebottom line .thats done
either through increasing revenue, or by decreasing cost. When
decreasing cost the ideal scenario is to do so while still maintaining the
same better level of efficiency the company enjoyed before the
decrease in cost ;cloud computing provide the answer to that need.
Let,s take a look at a few of the dollars-and-cents statistics.
The advantage to individuals,small business and large enterprises
which buy software is obvious .the cost of software is representa major
expense for business of all sizes. The presence of cloud computing
option has allowed many small and midsize business to gain access to
important feature of high-end enterprise-class software that would not
otherwise be available .as a result, a major barrier to success has been
dissolved, and saga of million dollar price tags for enterprise software
is nearing an end.large corporation will save mone y ; and smaller
compan y will gain the advantage of being able to access more software
resources , which were previousl y unavailable due to either high cost ,
or the software simply being unavailable for smaller implementation.
2.1.10CLOUD COMPUTING IN THE DATA CENTERS

AND FOR SMALL BUSINESS:
Cloud computing has started to obtain mass appeal in corporate data
centers as it enable the data centers to operate like the internet
2
through the process of enabling computing resources to be accessed

the shared as virtual resources in a secure scalable manner. For a
small and medium size business (SMB) the benefits of cloud computing
is currentl y driving adoption .in the SMB sector there is often a lack of
time and financial resources to purchase , deplo y and maintain an
infrastructure (e.g , the software
server and storge ). In cloud
computing , small business can access these resources and expand or

shrink services as business needs change. The common PAY-AS YOUGO subscription model is designed to let SMBs easily add or remove
services and you typicall y will onl y pa y for what you do use.
2.1.11THE MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING:

The term mobile cloud computing was defined in the Open Gardens
blog as the availability of cloud computing services in a mobile
ecosystem especially in smart phones and The clouds, integrated with
the mobile ecosystem, manages the computation and storage of data. A
few examples include mobile Gmail, Google Maps etc.Thelimitations
associated with mobile devices regarding batterylife, storage and
processing capabilities will be addressed bythe cloud and the mobile
user
requires
browser
to
access
the
applications.
simple
architecture of MCC .The mobile devices like smartphones, tablets,

iPhones are connected to the cloud through their mobile networks.
Irrespective of the mobile operating system, userscan access any
application that has a suitable browser.MCC is in its stage of infancy
and
it
faces
various
challengesin
integrating
mobile
and
cloud
3
computing
technologies.Even
though
the
mobile
technologies
are
advancing in a fasterplace, the inherent features of mobile devices

regarding
theirstorage
capacities,
processing
speed,
screen
size,
battery life etc. possess a serious issue towards implementation of

MCC. The wireless connectivity in mobile devices is also amajor issue
as the data rates and signal strength varies basedon network coverage.
So
MCC
technologies
reliability, latency
shouldconcentrate
andthrough
put.
But
on
MCC
resolving
is
issues
of
technolog y
to
lookforward as both mobile and cloud technologies are advancing

significantly.
2.1.13Cloud Computing Benefi ts

Enterprises would need to align their applications, so as to exploit the
architecture models that Cloud Computing offers. Some of the typical
benefits are listed below:
1. Reduced Cost
There are a number of reasons to attribute Cloud technology with lower
costs. The billing model is pay as per usage; the infrastructure is not
purchased thus lowering maintenance. Initial expense and recurring
expenses are much lower than traditional computing.
2. Increased Storage
With the massive Infrastructure that is offered by Cloud providers
today, storage & maintenance of large volumes of data is a reality.
4
Sudden workload spikes are also managed effectivel y & efficiently,

since the cloud can scale dynamically.
3. Flexibility
This is an extremel y important characteristic. With enterprises having
to adapt, even more rapidly, to changing business conditions, speed to
deliver is critical. Cloud computing stresses on getting applications to
market very quickl y, by using the most appropriate building blocks
necessary for deployment.
2.1 RESEARCH FINDINGS

1) BAN KEPES:
I view cloud computing is a broad array of web-based services aimed

at allowing users to obtain a wide range of functional on a pa y-as-yougo
basis
that
previousl y
required
tremendous
hardware/software
investment or professional skill to aquire .Cloud is the realization of

earlier ideas of utility computing without the technical complexities or
complicated deployment worries
2) IRVING W LADAWSKY BERGER:
When virtualization application to be used by people who care nothing

about computers or technolog y - as is mostly the case with Clouds - the
ke y thing we want to virtualize or hide from the user is complexity. Most
people want to deal with an application or a service, not software. ...
5
The more intelligent we want [computers and computer applications] to

be - that is, intuitive, exhibiting common sense and not making us have
to constantly take care of them - the more smart software it will take.
But with cloud computing, our expectation is that all that software will
be virtualized or hidden from us and taken care of by systems and/or
professionals that are somewhere else - out there in The Cloud."
3) KEVIN HARTIG:
"Cloud computing overlaps some of the concepts of distributed, grid

and utility computing, however it does have its own meaning if
contextuall y
used
correctl y.
Cloud
computing
really
is
accessing
resources and services needed to perform functions with d ynamicall y

changing needs. An application or service developer requests access
from the cloud rather than a specific endpoint or named resource. What
goes on in the cloud manages multipleinfrastructure across multiple
organization and consist of one or more framework overlaid on top of
the infrastructure tying them together. The cloud is a virtualization of
resources that maintains and manages itself
4) DAMON EDWARDS:
"The Cloud concept is finall y wrapping peoples minds around what is

possible when you leverage web-scale infrastructure (application and
physical) in an on-demand wa y. Managed Services, ASP, Grid
Computing, Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, An ything
as a Service all terms that couldnt get it done. Call it a Cloud and
everyone goes bonkers. Go figure."
5) BRIAN DE HAAFF:
"There sure is a lot of confusion when it comes to talking about cloud

computing. Yet, it does not need to be so complicated. There reall y are
onl y three types of services that are cloud based: SaaS, PaaS, and
Cloud Computing Platforms. I am not sure being massivel y scalable is a
requirement to fit into any one category."
6) PRAISING GAW:
"The wa y I understand it, cloud computing refers to the bigger
picturebasically the broad concept of using the internet to allow
people to access technology-enabled services. According to Gartner,
those services must be 'massively scalable' to qualify as true 'cloud
computing'. So according to that definition, every time I log into
Facebook, or search for flights online, I am taking advantage of cloud
computing."
7) PAUL WALLIS:
"In order to discuss some of the issues surrounding The Cloud concept,
I think it is important to place it in historical context. Looking at the
Cloud's forerunners, and the problems the y encountered, gives us the
reference points to guide us through the challenges it needs to

overcome before it is adopted."
8) MARKUS KLEMS:
"What is cloud computing all about? Amazon has coined the word
elasticity which gives a good idea about the key features: you can
scale your infrastructure on demand within minutes or even seconds,
instead of days or weeks, thereby avoiding under-utilization (idle
servers) and over-utilization (blue screen) of in-house resources. With
monitoring and increasing automation of resource provisioning us might
one da y wake up in a world where we dont have to care about scaling
our Web applications because the y can do it alone."
9) DOUGLAS GOURLAY:
"People are coming to grips with Virtualization and how it reshapes IT,
creates service and software based models, and in man y wa ys changes
a lot of the physical layer we are used to. Clouds will be the next
transformation over the next several years, building off of the software
models that virtualization enabled."
10)
BEN KEPES:
"SaaS is one consumer facing usage of cloud computing. While it's

something of a semantic discussion it is important for people inside to
have an understanding of what it all means. Put simpl y cloud computing
8
is the infrastructural paradigm shift that enables the ascension of

SaaS."
3 Chapter 3: Research methodology

This Chapter concentrates on the research methodology. The research
design, sampling design, data collection method, tools applied for the
stud y geographical coverage and Research Ethics are detailed.
3.1 Research design

The research design is defined b y Fouche (2002) as the plan or blue
print of the stud y. This research is Qualitative research which allows
the researcher to gather information and do an in-depth exploration of
issues, and therefore follows a less structured format with fewer
respondents than quantitative methods.
3.2 Sampling design

3.2.1
Target population
3.2.2
Sampling frame
Simple random sampling method was adopted b y researcher.

3.2.3
The
Period of study
period
of
study
was
from
_________________________________The study is mainl y based on

primary
data
collected
by
_________________________.
The
secondary data were collected from various sources throughout the

period of this study.
10
3.3 Sample size

___samples were collected from
3.4 Data collection

This section discusses the techniques of gathering primary data for the
testing of the research propositions that were crafted in Chapter I and
II. The choice of the data instruments depends on the availability of
facilities, time, costs, the degree of accuracy required, the expertise of
the researcher, and other resources associated with the gathering of
the data. The questionnaire is mailed electronicall y and delivered by
hand delivery to the respondent by researcher or family members or
friends and was collected later as per respondents preference as to
giving filling the preprinted form or giving the pre filled questionnaire
print form.
3.5 Structure of questionnaire

The structured questionnaire was divided into different sections as felt
suitable.
The
first
section
covers
personal
variables,
which
are
independent based on the assumption that there were measurable

differences
amount
the
dependent
variables.
levels
The
with
second
regard
to
to
study
the
perception
factors
section
of
of
questionnaire covers the factors of stud y with dependent variables viz:
11
3.6 Format of questionnaire designed
Title:
CLOUD COMPUTNIG
Researcher : ANSARI MD ZAFAR MD UMAR

Personal details
Respondents Name: _________________________________________
Gender:
Age
Male
Female
Belo w 20 20-30
Education BMSBAF BFM IT CS
Study factor:
1. Do you think every compan y shall have the cloud computing

technology to secure the compan ys data and files.
Highl y AgreeAgreeNeutralDisagreeHighly disagree
2. Do you think learning of cloud computing is now a priority if you are

involved in the IT industry.
3. Is a cloud computing a credible solution for education.

Highl y yes
Yes Cant say no Highly No
12
4. Cloud computing can accommodateand store much more data

compare to a personal computer.
Highl y yes
Yes Cant say no Highly No
5. Do you think security is the biggest concern when it comes to the

cloud computing.
6. Cloud computing does not help the growth of IT industry.

Highly Agree
Agree Neutral
Disagree
Highly
disagree
7. Every enterprise might need cloud computing for their business.
Highl y Agree
8.
Agree Neutral Disagree Highl y disagree
Cloud computing has the potential to benefits both provides and
users.
Highl y Agree
9. Do you think cloud computing is not a technology its a strateg y to

growth of a compan y.
Highl y Agree
3.7 Analytical Tools applied for the study

Data analysis gives meaning to the data that has been collected. More
than ____ respondents were given questionnaire by mail, or by hand
delivery.
After
verification
as
to
completeness
of
collected
questionnaire, samples were finalized. The data corresponding to the

values in the Likert Scale were entered for each statement in the
13
questionnaire. It was then checked for accuracy, through three rounds

of visual and hardcopy inspections. The MS Excel data analysis tool
was used for statistical data analysis. The statistical analytical tools
applied include:
The Average score analysis is mainly used in any study is to assess the
level
of
opinion/a war eness/satisfaction
of
the
different
categor y
of
respondents on the various aspects relating to the study. First the opinion
of the respondents are assessed through a scaling technique and then
based on the consolidated opinion of the respondents, the average score
is calculated.
It is the simple and common method to represent raw streams of data as
a percentage for better understanding of collected data. Percentages are
used in making comparison bet ween t wo or more variables to find the
efficacy of each variable.
3.Researchethics
Research ethics refer to the "appropriate" behavior of the researcher in
relation to the norms of the society. It relates to the three parties
involved
in
Research
this
research:
supervisor.
the
researcher,
Researcher
assured
the
respondents
Confidentiality
to
and
the
respondents and secrecy will be maintained. The researcher, on her/his

part maintained objectivity, presented the true research findings.
4 Chapter 4: Data analysis (26- 36 pages)

4.1 Average score
Variabl
Total response
Total response score
14
e
HA=
5
A=
4
N=
3
D=
2
HD=
1
tota
l
18
24
18
26
26
13
10
26
19
Gran
t
Mac
scor
e
Gran
t
Min
scor
e
HA
HD
total
score
50
90.0
0
96.00
9.00
8.00
1.0
0
204.0
0
250
50
50
90.0
0
104.0
0
12.0
0
2.00
1.0
0
209.0
0
250
50
50
40.0
0
104.0
0
39.0
0
6.00
189.0
0
250
50
11
50
50.0
0
104.0
0
33.0
0
2.00
2.0
0
191.0
0
250
50
25
50
95.0
0
100.0
0
15.0
0
2.00
212.0
0
250
50
24
11
50
40.0
0
96.00
33.0
0
14.0
0
183.0
0
250
50
39
50
25.0
0
156.0
0
18.0
0
199.0
0
250
50
25
12
50
20.0
0
100.0
0
36.0
0
14.0
0
2.0
0
172.0
0
250
50
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V7
V8
V9
the table shows the average score anal ysis of variables. The average
score scale define the high level ,medium level and lower level
response to the study factor.lower average score of variables is 1,
below the 3 and above the 1, it means the klower high scale of
variables with 3.25 to 3.75, average score is middle high score and
above the 3.75. average score means high response of score to the
factor . the tables includes 9 variables of average score they as follow :
The average score of V1 is 4.08. It means that the respondent gives the
high score to the V1. On the basis of average high score , respondent
opinion
that
every
company
should
have
the
cloud
computing
15
technology to secure their data and files. It conclude that need of cloud
computing technology is must be there in companies and organization.
opinion that learning of cloud computing is now a priority if you involved
in the IT industry . It concludethat if you in the IT industry or
organization you alread y learn about the cloud computing so you can
easil y work.
The average score of V3 is 3.78 . It means that the respondent gives

the high score to the V3. On the basis of average high score,
respondent opinion that the cloud computing technolog y a beneficial for
education so that student can easily know about the computing. It
conclude that the cloud computing techonolg y is credible solution for
the education as well as society
high score to the V4. On the basis of average high score, respondent
opinion that Cloud computing technology can accommodate much more
data compare to personal computer. It conclude That cloud computing
technology has the new or more expensive technolog y so cloud
computing has a capacity to more data.
16
high score to the V5. On the basis of average highscore , respondent
opinion that security is the biggest concern when it comes to the cloud
computing. It conclude that in cloud computing technolog y the biggest
problem is security or save the data for other hackers so company is
take this matter seriously.
low score to the V6. On the basis of average lowerscore , respondent
opinion that the cloud computing technolog y does not help the growth
of IT industry. It conclude that the big organization and IT companies
who acquire the cloud computing technology for their business run in
the market and not for the growth of compan y
medium score to the V7. On the basis of average mediumscore ,
respondent opinion
that
every Enterprises might need
the
cloud
computing technolog y for their business . It conclude the need of cloud

computing technology is not compulsory for every enterprises those
enterprises can use the cloud they have daily large data of files they
can use this technology.
opinion that the cloud computing technolog y has the benefits for both
17
providers and users. It conclude the cloud computing technology is

advantages technolog y for the both users provider can provide the
facility and user use their facilities.
medium score to the V9. On the basis of average medium score ,
respondent opinion that the cloud computing technolog y is not a
technology its a strateg y to growth of compan y. It conclude the
compan y
use
cloud
computing
technolog y
as
strategy
not
technology so that company can competite in the market.
Varia
ble
Average
score
Analysis of average score

Q
Hig
less
Midd h
Scale
than
le HL sco
3re
low
q
3.253.75medi
um
Q
above
3.75
high
Low
sco
re
Lowe
r HL
3.75
High
3.75
High
High
3.75
High
High
3.75
High
High
3.75
High
High
V1
4.08
High
V2
4.18
V3
3.78
V4
3.82
V5
4.24
18
V6
2.72
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
V7
3.66
Mediu
m
Mediu
m
LOW
Mediu
m
Mediu
m
V8
3.98
V9
3.44
Vari
able
V1
V2
Female
Male
H
H to H
A N D
A N D
A
D tal A
1 1
1
0 0 0 1 7 28 0 0 0 3
2
0 0 0 2 6 28 0 0 0 3
Mediu
m
V4
V5
V6
V7
V8
H
D
to
tal
H
A
9
1
9
22
2
0 0 0 4
2 9
22
0 1
22
1 0
22
6 1
22
4 1
22
22
0
1
0
1
8
1
8
28
28
28
28
28
28
3 5
1
8 3
1
9 1
1
2 3
1
5 1
1
8 2
2 0
22
8
1
0
1
9
1 7 6 8
28
1 5 7 8
22
V9
Gen
der
28
Mediu
m
Mediu
m
Total
V3
7 5 8
1 1
0 1 3
1
9 5 3
1
6 3 7
1
5 5 7
1 1
1 3 3
22
0 5
1 1
0 0
H to
D tal
2
6 50
4
5 50
1
0 50
3 4
50
4 1
1
3 3
1
1 1
50
50
50
5 1
1 1
3 6
50
50
A N D
0
1
0
2
4
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
5
1
2
50
19
The
table
sho ws
Gender
wise
analysis
of
variable.
From
the
50
Responders the number of female responders are 25 and 25 male

responders from the different education area .
The respondersagree wit h that the ever y company shall have the
computing technology to secure data(v1) and
cloud
responders highly agree
with this factor . From the Responders there responders are female and
responders are male and
responder , there
responders are female and
responders are male . W hich means the female and Responders are male
. W hich means the female and male responders equally Agree with that
the ever y company shall have the cloud computingtechnology.
The
female Responders agree with that learning of cloud computing
priorit y if you in the IT industr y.(v2) wit h the similarly
is
Male responders
agree wit h that the learning of cloud computing is no w a priorit y financial

skill or literacy helps entrepreneur leverage and also female responders
equaly agree with male responders , it means according to gender wise
analysis the learning of cloud computing is a priorit y .
Similarly the gender wise analysis table shows for other factor or
variables that the female and male responders equaly
agree with each
other but except V AND V .

The table sho ws that opinion of female and male responders about the
(v) . From female responders there female responders highly agree

with V were from male responders onl y male responders are highly
20
agree with V , but in disagree opinion
female are disagree with V
were only male responders are disagree with that the
(V) with this factor the male responders opinion that highly agree
were onl y
female opinion that highly agree .
thinking that the only
male responders
female responders agree with him .the table
shows that (V8) ,in this factor there onl y male responder disagree
with V ,Were female .
W ith overall gender wise analysis . The table shows that the male and
female responders are equally agree or disagree wit h many factor .
4.2 Percentage analysis

Variable
HA
Total
N
D
HD
total
HA%
A%
Total
N% D%
V1
18
24
V2
50
36%
48%
6%
8%
2%
100%
18
26
50
36%
52%
8%
2%
2%
100%
V3
26
13
50
16%
52%
26%
6%
0%
100%
V4
10
26
11
50
20%
52%
22%
2%
4%
100%
V5
19
25
50
38%
50%
10%
2%
0%
100%
V6
12
13
16
50
4%
24%
26%
32%
14%
100%
V7
24
11
50
16%
48%
22%
14%
0%
100%
V8
39
50
10%
78%
12%
0%
0%
100%
V9
25
12
50
8%
50%
24%
14%
4%
100%
HD% total%
The table shows the overall percentage analysis of nine variables on

the basis of analysis % students are agree that entrepreneur failed
21
because of lack of financial skill .onl y % students were higly disagree

that and remaining % were agree on it . .on this factor an average %
students were agreed . Hardl y % students are agree that but %
students Disagree on this
. on this factor % students were agreed .
Its important factor as per % students thatman y . It is obvesl y 80%

students were higly agree that.The on this factor as per anal ysis %
students are agreed .
Vari
able
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
V7
V8
V9
Female
H
A
%
0
%
0
%
14
%
20
%
18
%
12
%
10
%
22
%
2
%
A
%
N
%
D
%
0
%
0
%
10
%
22
%
30
%
26
%
30
%
26
%
14
%
0
%
0
%
16
%
6
%
6
%
14
%
14
%
6
%
12
%
22
%
4
%
2
%
6
%
2
%
4
%
0
%
2
%
16
%
Male
Total
H
H
H
HA A
N
D
HA A
N
D
tot
D
D
D
% % % %
% % % %
al%
%
%
%
34
0
0
0 26 18
0
0
0 48 52 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
52
0
0
0
6 38
0
0
0 10 90 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
14
6 10
4 18
6 20 20 20 20 20 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
2 16 26
0
2
0 36 48
6
8
2 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
0 18 22
2
0
2 36 52
8
2
2 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
0
4 26 12
2
0 16 52 26
6
0 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
2 10 22
8
2
2 20 52 22
2
4 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
0 16 24
4
0
0 38 50 10
2
0 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
12
2 10 14 16
2
4 24 26 32 14 100
% % % % % % % % % % %
%
4.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATIC S
Variable
Descriptive statistics
22
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
20
4
50
3.80
(1.49
)
20
9
50
4 0.83
0.6
8
(0.36
(0.07)
)
18
9
50
4 0.79
0.6
2
2.04
19
1
50
4 0.92
0.8
4
0.62
21
2
50
4 0.72
0.5
1
(0.86) 0.12
13
6
50
2 1.11
1.2
3
(0.54)
(0.41
)
18
3
50
4 0.92
0.8
4
1.84
(0.07
)
19
9
50
4 0.47
0.2
2
0.10
(0.73
)
17
2
50
4 0.97
0.9
5
4.08
4
V2
4.18
4
V3
3.78
4
V4
3.82
4
(1.11)
V5
4.24
4
(0.74
)
V6
2.72
3
V7
3.66
4
V8
3.98
4
V9
3.44
4
Level(95.0%)Confidence
DeviationStandard
(1.30
)
Mode
Median
Mean
1.63
4 0.97
0.9
3
V1
0.27
0.23
0.22
0.25
0.20
0.31
0.25
0.13
0.27
23
V1
52%
48%
Every company shall have the cloud computing technolog y to secure

their data and files on this case pie charts shows that 00% student
agree and 0% student were neutral but other side 48% students are
disagree and 52% highly disagree . So This pie chart shows that the
cloud computing technolog y must not have in the organization.
24
V2
10%
90%
Learning of cloud computing is now a priorit y if you involved in the IT

industr y in this case above following pie chart shows that the 10%
student are disagree with this statement and 90% student were highly
disagree with this fact. In this case people think if you want to get
attached with IT industr y learning of cloud computing is not a priorit y
to involved in IT industr y.
V3
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
Cloud computing a credible solution for education in this case above

following chart shows that the 20% students are highly agree with
statement
and 20% students were agree with this case and 20%
25
students are neutral wit h this fact so in todays scenar io for education
cloud computing is little bit credible solution.
V4
8% 2%
6%
36%
48%
Cloud
computing
can
accommodate
and
store
much
more
data
compare to a personal computer in this case the above following chart

shows that the statement 36% students are highly agree with this fact
and 48% were agree with this and 6% students neutral so cloud
computing technology can store much more data compare to personal
coputer.
V5
8% 2% 2%
36%
52%
Secur it y is the biggest concern when it comes to the cloud computing

in this statement the above following chart shows that the 36%
26
students are highly agree and 52% students are agree with this
statement and 8% student were neutral so in this scenario the most
understanding think is securit y is big problem faced by the cloud users
and providers.
V6
6% 16%
26%
52%
Cloud computing not help the growth of IT industr y in this case the
above following chart shows that the 16% students are highly agree
and 52% are agree and 6% students neutral on this case. so people
think cloud computing technology is help to the growth of IT industr y.
V7
2% 4%
22%
20%
52%
Ever y enterprise might need the cloud computing for their business in
this statement the above following pie chart sho ws that the 20%
27
students are highly agree with this case and 52% were agree and 22%
students are neutral wit h this statement. So all big organization must
need the cloud computing technology for securing their data and files
their .
V8
10% 2%
38%
50%
Cloud computing has the potential for both providers and users in this
statement the above following chart is sho ws that 38% students are
highly agree with this statement and 50% student were agree and 10%
students are neutral wit h this fact. So about the cloud computing
technology the people thinks this is the beneficial for both sides and it
increases the numbers of users.
V9
14% 4%
24%
32%
26%
28
Cloud computing is not a technology its a strateg y to growth of a

compan y in this statement the above following chart is shows that the
24% student are highl y agree with this statement and 26% are agree
and 14% neutral with this statement in this case people think cloud
computing its a strateg y to growth of a compan y.
5 Chapter 5: Summary of fi ndings (2-4 Pages)
Because every company want to compitite with other organization and

there are 8 reason to company have the cloud computing technology;
1 Cloud meet increasing citizens and organizational demand at a lower
cost.
2 It delivers improved services to citizens and organization more
rapidly and efficiently.
3 cloud computing send information safel y and securely to the company
addressed.
4 it leverage the pooling of computing resources
29
5 cloud provides computing capabilities to increase or decrease

computing power based on business needs.
6 cloud removes government burden of paying to power and cool IT
resources.
7 It reduces your agency carbon footprint.
8 cloud lets users choose their devices smartphones laptop computer
or tablets.
IN todays scenario the IT field has a more scope in the market and the
future so people want to get entire with the IT field. cloud computing is
part of the IT in any IT organization if you want to get ajobv in the IT
organization so you has the knowledge and certificate of any computer
course. If you want to get a job in cloud provider orgnazition so you
should has the knowledge of cloud computing technology and certificate
of this course not in IT field but also every field has taking the
knowledge and certificate of those field like if you involved in an y field
this is a priority to involving in that field.
Cloud computing is one of the most talked about solution on the

education scene. School It managers and educaters know first handthat
technology changes and the potential they create for young learners ;
benefits for students
1 computer can improve student independent access to education.
2 students with special educational needs are able to accomplish task
working at their own place.
30
3 student with profile and multiple learning difficulties can communicate

more easil y
Benefits for the teachers:
1support
for
reflaction
on
professional
practice
via
online
communication .
2 improved skill for staff and a greater understanding of access
technology used by the staff.
3
in
different
school
/university
using
cloud
technolog y
reduces
isolation for teachers working in special educational field enabling them

to communicate electronicall y with colleages.
Cloud computing is a big type of technolog y and this is uses by a big

compan y or organization. in todays scenario every big organization
have a cloud computing technology to secure their data and files in the
cloud. Organization business much more vast so that theirs daily
transaction is also very large quantity so companies all data is not save
in the different drives on computers because in computer system any
file is affected by virus of any drive is automatically delete so compan y
can not recover those information but if the company uses the cloud
computing services can accommodate much more data compare to
personal computer because cloud providers gives the unlimited cloud to
the users or organization as per their needs and data capacity and the y
31
charge different amount on the different cloud size. So we can sa y that

cloud is more capable to personal computer.
Cloud computing security or more simply cloud security is an evolving

sub-domain of computer security network security and more broadl y
information security.it refers to a broadest of policies technologies and
control
deplo yed
infrastructure of
to
protect
data
application
and
the
associated
cloud computing get rid of document floating around
on employee computer and the increased potential of computers getting

hacked with the cloud computing .in cloud computing every thing
is
operated on cloud that involves certain identification requirements in

order to be accessed, cloud is one the most secure wa y to store all of
your business leads and a sales information
AS we look deep into the crystal ball, the makeup of a business

workforce will continue to become more mobile. Globalization is
accelerating the need for more secure data and more efficient IT
system. Application are as likely to be delivered via software as a
service (SAAS) as the y are via desktop and companies all sizes need to
be able to scale their business to meet the real time demands. All of
these factors among countless others contribute to the exponential
growth of cloud computing.
One the benefit of cloud computing is that with it companies can
choose the most efficient architecture to meet their unique needs.
Regardless of each companies cloud migration strategy there is no
32
denying the growth of cloud computing. Now is a good time to set a

path in the cloud.
When enterprises decided to utilize cloud services for some or all IT

services, business processes are impacted, which governance more
critical than ever . For enterprises to gain benefit from the use of cloud
computing a clear governance strategy and management plan must be
developed. The strategy should set the direction and objectives for for
cloud computing with inthe enterprise and the management paln should
execute the achievement of the objectives.
Cloud computing is about the provision of services. A service has a

provider and a consumer. It exposes capabilities that the provider has
that are value to the consumer. An organization uses cloud services in
order to provide added services to the people and organization that it
deals with. The cloud services consumer develops the added services
and provides it for the benefit of end users. When an enterprises IT
department uses the cloud to provide the services needed by other
department. Using the clouds to provide added services mean that
those services must be developed on or ported to the cloud. the
33
provider of a cloud services has control over a set of resources and

makes them available to consumer of the service, ina wa y that has the
essential characteristics of cloud computing.
Cloud is quickl y becoming a key strateg y for business and IT alignment

(and is starting to dominate are) most enterprises have either adopted
or have plan to adopt cloud as a strategic choice in support of their
business technology goals. Must cloud implementations are going to
involve some kind of a hybrid approach where enterprise private clouds
are
integrated
with
either
other
private
cloud
or
public
cloud.
Understanding both providers and consumers perspective of the cloud

is necessary to successfully.
34
6 Chapter
6:
Suggestions
and
conclusion
(2-3
Pages)
IN todays global competitive market companies must innovate and get

the most from its resources to succeed. This requires enabling its
emplo yees,
business
collaboration
tools
infrastructure
are
partner
that
next
and
users
with
promote
innovation.
generation
platforms
the
platforms
Cloud
that
and
computing
can
provide
tremendous value to companies of an y size cloud computing provide

software , platforms ,infrastructure , storage , security data, test
environment etc , as a service.
Cloud would be able to accesstheir application and data from
anywhere at any time. Data wouldnt be confined to a hard drive on one
users computer or even a corporations internal network. It would also
bring hardware costs down. You would not need to large hard drive
because you would store all information on a remote computer.
However the biggest concerns about cloud computing are security and
35
privacy. The idea of handling over important data to another compan y

worries some people. Corporate executive to might hesitate to take
advantage of a cloud computing system because they cant keep
companies information under lock and key.
Cloud computing has made end usersboth thrilled and edge. The y are
excited by various opportunity provided by the cloud and are anxious as
well on the question related to the security it offers.as users migrate
their data on cloud they would be alarmed with the security flaws
inherent to the cloud environment. Thus security threat with cloud
computing has emerged as one of the very plausible topics.
This study has analysed almost every security threat found across both
the cloud models and the network and has also revealed solution to
some of them. this work will further be extended for creating a
structured
approach for conducting risk analyse in order ti uncover
security threat l ying with the cloud deplo yed.
Cloud computing is an emerging technology. It is an attractive solution

when the infrastructure or the IT personal are not drawback. The
drawback can be mainly found in the security threats and vulnerabilities
of the cloud computing. Unlike traditional solution where threats come
from two known sources, inside or outside network .cloud computing
security threat might be originate from different sources.
36

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PROJECT REPORT

B ACHELOR OF COMMERCE (FIN ANCI AL M AN AGEMENT) SEMESTER

ANSARI MOHAMMED ZAFAR MOHAMMED

BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE &COMMERCE

BIRLACOLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE, & COMMERCE,

B ACHELOR OF COMMERCE (FIN ANCI AL M AN AGEMENT)

This is to certify that __________________________ OF T.Y

giving such as challenging task to explore the

urbanization which includes not only thinking and analyzing

MR.NARESH CHANDRA and the course coordinator for having

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ST UDY

OBJECTIVE OF THE ST UDY

Chapter 1: Introduction ( 8-10 Pages) .......................................................1

Introduction: Meaning and definition ....................................................1

Origin and growth .......................................................................................1

Recent trends and growing importance ...............................................1

Statement of research problems ............................................................1

Objective of the stud y...............................................................................1

Chapter 2: Review of literature (3-5 Pages) ............................................1

Chapter 3: Research methodolog y (3-5 pages) ......................................2

3.2.1 Target population.................................................................................2

3.2.3 Period of study.....................................................................................2

Structure of questionnaire .......................................................................3

Format of questionnaire designed .........................................................3

Anal ytical Tools applied for the stud y..................................................5

Testing of Hypothesis procedure ......................................................6

Chapter 4: Data analysis (26- 36 pages) ..................................................7

Percentage anal ysis..................................................................................7

Chapter 5: Summary of findings (2-4 Pages) ...........................................7

Chapter 6: Suggestions and conclusion (2-3 Pages) ............................7

1 Chapter 1: Introduction( 8-10 Pages)

INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

theinternet.various services like servers storage and application are provided to

of free storage to the

Background Study of the cloud computing

Infrastructure is not shared among any other organizations.

infrastructure is shared by many numbers of co-operated organizations in

virtualization allows single physical platform to run number of operating

Cloud computing removes the requirement of a company to invest in storage

unauthorized access , modification and loss of data.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CLOUD COMPUTING IN WORKFORCE

and may also embrace the on-demand infrastructure of a cloud to provide

KEY R ESEARCH I SSUES

Economic models & expertise:

Scale & heterogeneity of modern IT environments:

communication between instances.

Resource Management / Usage specifi c behaviour:

All time issues:

2 Chapter 2: Review of literature (3-5 Pages)

MEANING OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

enabelingubiquitoue , convienient ,on demand network access to a shared pool of

2.1.2Advantages of Cloud Computing

It does not require a large capital

investment up front for hardware, equipment and infrastructure.

You will need to

This type of model gives the business owner more predictability in

budgeting for these costs.

It can be very fast to set up, implement, and

Some cloud providers are set up to automaticall y scale for

your resource demands.

The infrastructure can usuall y be customized to your needs.

In addition, the cloud supports multi-

platform development environments.