a & CONTENTS $#+HiR Lesson 15 PAF EHR To cevececvceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees qd) Lu HE Sa Text 4eja] New Words . ER Notes The preposition “j\” 1) The adverb “i” (1) . KIUPA Drills and Practice ¥T4E% Saying hello WEIGEL — Confirming that something has happened PEGrShtERAT A «= Commenting on one’s actions TEHRATMAR Changing money at the bank HALA —-Describing a place one has visited . BUBEAIGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #4464 Lift . TR Grammar 1. f#284NH(1) — The complement of state (1) 2. Bi“ TQ: HATE ART Particle “” @): Confirming the completion or realization of something 3. ahii]fyH# — Reduplication of the verb 4, 100 3) 10,000 #4#f%%ce —-Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 W. WE — Chinese Characters WF (1) —- Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) S+A08 Lesson 16 FHI ILA To cecceeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (25) . Hox Text ia New Words . TER Notes alia “BE” (2) The adverb “BE” 2) fi “HG” — The pronoun “=” “ESR” ZRF aRat] = “LE,” to refer to the order of things or to a time sequence . 4$2595i2FA Drills and Practice 33 Filling out forms4855 Borrowing books 5E45 Returning books VG Making new friends 49%} 253— Leaving and coming back in a moment . BABEAIIZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing j- #4) 2648 . HR Grammar 1. fH.282313MH The simple directional complement 2. “#8” 24 (1) The “42”. sentence (1) 3. BERERMH (1) The time-measure complement (1) A. WF — Chinese Characters WFMIFIK (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) S+CHR Lesson 17 jC HEHUEL AD CE BREE oe eee eee (49) HE . RIBEAISEGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing HEX Text “bial New Words ERE Notes hia “ABN” SH N Verbs “9K, 4, i],ete.” with time-measure complement “RT” BT” RRB “HT” or “BT” to express an extent or degree aia “T" OS “7” Oe The combined usage of particle “J” @ with particle “7” ® =. HEA Drills and Practice HA = —_-Deseribing things Ek8€ Comparing things SEARAR Buying clothes BIL AB ) Bk Grammar 1. “Ay” $4878 (1) The “fy” phrase (1) 2. FASriid “EG” AoE (1) Comparison using the preposition “Ek” (1) 3. HCH#NH The complement of quantity W%. WE — Chinese Characters DUFAVHFRE (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (3) SE+/\R Lesson 18 = - RUF ABASE Teer (71) —. Hx Text ia New Words =. TERE Notes tia) “Ze” The measure word “#6” -2-Ss $+Ai#% Lesson 19 he eRe - AE Spill “Ze” ‘The preposition “Zk” (Rial “HIT” ~The pronoun “neji” fRivd “KR” —The pronoun “KF” “HY” FREE (2); WVP + fy The “fy” phrase (2): W/VP + fy - #5124 Drills and Practice FEllig = At the post office HRA —_Desoribing things ANBewAE — Uncertainty 42 Reminding ASE Taking the bus fPEAIHL Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #9] 4) @-@4e LF iit = Grammar 1. 48524 The resultative complement 2. “qa say (2) The “ffl”. sentence (2) 3. “GB” a) (2) The “J” sentence (2) HK. WE — Chinese Characters WLEFAVHIFIE (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (4) ~ (94) . Bsc Text ei] New Words ERE Notes WIL ( A) + V+ WE — The structure “GRIE( A) + V + He” “SE” TE RANE “ie” as a resultative complement “JAE” (Ea) (2) Question with “YE7RIE” (2) 3 + VWP The structure “3 + VP” Y%5I-532)) Drills and Practice SAPGSEM |] «© Expressing a duration of time YEW — Talking about hobbies PERE Comparing things 980 ~~ Exchanging greetings 4251) Saying goodbye BRHLAIA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing $RFLRAERF it Grammar Le SBR + CAS) BRE” Beas LOBE Using “Bi---( AX) —##” to make a comparison 2. mYEL¥NH (2) — The time-measure complement (2) 3. Baht) (2); ARITA Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner*. WHE — Chinese Characters WEAF (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) om +i Lesson 20( S>]Review ) YRALE -eeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeee (14) TR Text 4b ia] New Words =. TER Notes + fe The construction “[J3y-+-RL I++” YEH The construction “.-- fest 42" 319] “BEX” The conjunction “ue” FAL “OE” HaRRA eR KIAY/a](2) Elliptical questions with “Wg” (2) Bal “Q" (1) “FR” (1) Adverbs “XQ” (1) and “FH” (1) =. $2)5i2Ai Drills and Practice [RII = Asking for reasons #2 — Hurrying somebody up SEM New Year's greetings PY. BAPE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #2962. E. iE Crammar Review 1. DB AIF ASA BAR ARS The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence 2. SyilHIE](1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) *. WE — Chinese Characters WEAMIF2 (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) a= a i® Lesson 21 TAWA REMARRRIRAY + (137) WC Text 4:if] New Words TERE Notes Ul . -4- iE“UHbi “IB” (2) The modal particle “I” (2) 4% iA “WR” The noun “Lf” Sri) “BE” The preposition “By” Hil “FR” (2) The adverh “FR” (2) ASA Drills and Practice SR VLA AVITAL HA, Emphasizing the time and location of past events WIL — Talking about direction and location [BR Asking about direction TRAP ELIE — Talking about sports matches BUBEANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #3494618- a iit = Grammar 1. “J&--ff9" a] The construction “(1)” 2. Fitia] Location words 3. ARELEHYAIE Sentences indicating existance QL Chinese Characters WWI (7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) S—+2iF Lesson 22 (RBctHRIeA seseeeeeeonetseeeoeee (158) ww. i. oe Text 435) New Words TERE Notes Wy iniel"p “Wy” WA — The omission of “jj” in location words Heat “EL” The demonstrative pronoun “3x4” Heanttial “ity” — The demonstrative pronoun “fj” 4555532) Drills and Practice BALAN — Talking about a past experience ETE — Looking for a job #4 — Making an appointment or a date with someone Pfft Making comments PVEANSEWE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing (ARF) BRE iBY Grammar 1 WAMAMMA Past experience 2. SNA measure complement ‘The construction “Si4R---{EE/ ALJ” WF — Chinese Characters DLUFHIHFRE(8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) EIR Lesson 23 FAMBLACWISIET coerce (181) PR Text ial New Words TERE Notes “Ze + A/V + Hh!” PAWL The exclamatory construction “4% + A/V + Bij!” [E\(2483% The appositive phrases Bia “BL” (3) The adverb “#E" (3) % 34532) Drills and Practice iit) Talking about plans AIL Making suggestionspg. w $= WA, Talking about the weather SEU Purchasing plane tickets AMM — Going to a restaurant BUPLANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing AR AMIMBUT A T i#%& Grammar 1. SERIAL An action that is going to take place in a short time 2. AKA1¢NE — The complex directional complement 3. Jeet waH/a] Notional passive sentences WE Chinese Characters LFEPA (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) THR Lesson 24 (RR WA FERGAL vsecceeeeeeees (204) ES Text ji] New Words TERE Notes Sew Bil--- The construction “hie” Shia] “1a” The preposition “fi” Alia] “ie” (3) The adverh “jR” (3) 4TH Drills and Practice TRIEZEMETTMAHPE Talking about an action in. progress WAL — Talking about changes BEML Talking about living conditions #EAMUEAT Picking someone up and seeing someone off WH. PASEANSZHB ~—- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 4-404 % Hi. ie Grammar 1. fHSRHYE (1) =~ Changed circumstances (1) 2. SPERYHEE ‘The progressive aspect of an action 3. AME TEL The construction “A(H++-7fii B+” KX. WE — Chinese Characters DLP HF (10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) BoB Lesson 25 ABATE ERE (223) —. WC Text tif] New Words =. TER Notes “SR” ZAP “SH” as the prefix for ordinal numbers #) + PW + dg The construction “Z| + PW + 2”HE ne 3 HE K SFR Text in Traditional Characters FRASIER YA =~ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms -- Aia5| (fe ZOTIE ) — Voe WE RSl Character Index alia) “32” (2) The adverb “M” (2) 45) GiB) Drills and Practice SURI — Talking about an incident Tale, Visiting a patient #14 Making complaints PUBEAIAEZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 3K 7) #5 iB Grammar 1. SHVERAARASHOHELE The continuous aspect of an action or a state 2. “ee” Fa] The “Bk” sentence 3. SESLANE “BI” “fe” The resultative complements “3” , “#5” 4. SE-B The conditional construction “4gi5R--- it~ WE Chinese Characters BSHalRF Differentiating homophones +R Lesson 26( @SJReview) {RRA “PBL” T ~ (244) Sa Text Abi] New Words TERE Notes #ERR— The construction “jE iRk---” Seiad “HY” The preposition “Xf” ghia] “t" The adverb “>” iE(E/4E + V + 2 (4+ 2) — The construction “IEZE/#E + V + (+ 9B)” 455)4532] Drills and Practice FHZ4E3¢ Recalling past events VRIES — Talking about language studies (SAUER Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #7669 % AR JRE Grammar Review 1. SpiwifiBA](2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) 2. SWEHIZS The aspects of an action 3. JLARENE(1) Various kinds of complements (1) WF Chinese Characters RX4NEIE Differentiating characters with similar forms pulary Index (Simplified Script with Traditional Version)> 15 SYRR PLHP RABE RAS RES Nn Nn 19 19 24 —294— Se ob FS eS Be te ae le RER EB 4 HHS roa FR Poh A SS aso Ber BE Sea RHR SE KT MF RSI Character Index 26 23 17 25 23 15 23 17 15 26 24 MR SR ke SW ob HH RB hk O x o> SN ene 24 19 25 22 20 22 22 21 15 17 16 24 20 23 20 18 24 18 17 17 19 21 oe RR we So aR OE Se Se 18 20 20 19 25 15 26 20 17 24 17 20 24 23 25 20 16 20 22 25 16 15 HMw GY He SM SB OH Ob A = SH 3 & 2352 23 15 18 24 26 16 18 23 24 16 26 26 22 23 21 26 15 26 19wo S ee FR ew Re Z BESS WK ee AT 23 15 23 17 17 16 25 22 15 22 16 24 26 23 23 15 25 20 17 26 19 wREP ER SSP ARMAS RHO hae RR ree RR wy 20 18 15S 20 20 25 24 21 SRAR RSH RR RAR RSE RN WARES Fo op ag 3 17 23 17 25 26 19 16 26 17 24 25 16 17 24 17 24 25 17 20 17 26 23 22 19 21 23 25 17 RERS IARI PR RERS Boat B® ot of = Be - BSP MARK 22 19 21 21 23 18 25 1S 21 25 16 22 25 25 25 18 16 21 23 21 22 19 23 20 24 18 ub SS Re ap Be ee a BE Se Sy < Be BRR GHP e+ XESS RAM AS 25 21 19 18 24 16 15 16 19 23 17 20 23 20 21 20 17 23 16 20 23 15 21 15 23 22 19 Bee Boe h Fe Be Sk OW fe RE OR OME AP OS OW fh ak + dk Se Re ON 21 15 17 21 22 18 18 18 15 15 20 26 20 20 16 16 19 22 23 25 20 25 25 20 20 21 22 7905A new semester has begun. As your Chinese level advances, the topics you study in this book will become more interesting. As you follow Lin Na through this lesson, you will leam how to describe the places you have visited, how to comment on your travel experiences, as well as how to change money at the bank before your departure. You will even STEW Lc 15) Wha EET KO: AR MAGA. - S44 FNS aunyv - v TAR: MA RATAY RABE HS, RAR PARE aw ¢ KO: RD) RRARMTRR, FFREZLERHERB, a on aaeeK TAR: FRORGREVARRB? CERT) Changing money at the bank NNN FAN Vee HK HB: —RGRP-RELCPARF.oeVN NN vey WRRBELERA BAAR ‘ sevNnsvy Ve ve neve vey THR: HA? AAGRALBS? KAMABRAULE ORE 4 Nee vo v KARAT! JEG RAILS KF? a UM; TAR: tk OM, PLAT? RKB RAB, TAR: HEMK AT RA? Vee = VV vVev Ve ZNSN VN VA XN IR: RRMAWAT. MEK TRS WME ASIRAVLKK HC, v VVVVN ee VS VV VNR No -v TAR: XPM, RRA RAT ARM are, HR T.® VV VV NA NN VNovves HK: HL, RAMA RERAR A, ALEGRE, vVoveve wave VN says vv v LAR: GH AREF AATERAR A, RK, + ial New Words 1. FE swt de (structural particle) We7(Ray, WIRE SULA2. 3. 14. 15, H BRAT 2p 5. FEA ARR AR ag . AY aE R BML . RB vo Opv Adv Adv yinhang shdo pdidui padi dui huan yingbang rénminbi rénmin déi yong gang céng féichang cl canguan bingmayéng early KPA AGAM, BER, HEAR A AE bank "1 FR 4F few; little A> ARATARAD tad AN > to form a line; to queue up AJAHE BA EBA SEG, AEDES HED TBA to arrange; to put in order a row of people; line to exchange; to change #4%, #3. OCR pound sterling #385,—3E 5}. A RR Renminbi (RMB) # ARB people PE ART MAKAR to need; must; to have to 744%, 7 FED, 2 DIRK to use JAE, FU— Pui FASE BRA Roh AA Bh Fl just; only a short while ago AJ IAt RAT from ASSEMBLE RS very; extremely; highly 4k 347 ,4E af BASE AE OCP AR (measure word for actions) 3X, HB KK to visit (a place) BUABE, BW Be, BMA A (ceremonial clay statues of warriors -3-and horses which are buried with the dead) BW fi K N_ bing soldier; fighter 17. 4s NN mingxinpian postcard RAHN (8 4 ,— IKONS SORA ET 2 N xin letter 5/8, 2548 ALS 18. GH Vv gdi to be sb.’s turn to do sth. BRT VR BRIT be) T 19. LY¥EA HN gdngzud rényuGn working personnel; staff member #2 FLEA MB EAA, TEAR AR N_ rényuan personnel; staff 26 fe Nu qiGn thousand BH, HAF 21. 3 v_ sht to count 3—BL, BOK, BR, BART 2. ZAtF# PN Wangflijing (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) 23. Be PN X?ran (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) (HEPWEARE] Confirming that something has saree) vivre ervanyv fet eve KOM: AARAARA,RALAT. AM ALR, yu vv 4vN ovens BRA: HM, FIO BARL, AGRA T 47, -VNV 4a BRA: MARBART Re, RIRAMPIL T 7 - NN NV vvN fv Noe Hh O: RARE EET REA Roh? LA AIL?BRA: BRA: BRA: LET, RAR TE DIE” .® - NN Novy ‘ --N\ V4 NV - 7 DBS T . LEAH? TRF LER RE ‘ Th, RRR? Nvvsiove SL 44-2 -VV ev 2 RT, EAMRA wR ERI ARILIRITS , HWS HR vvowy sR EM, Gite eae ast Dy \ve ws Lee NN Ne Nev vv ves > RBRKR. ELRAMRIRMTIS, RETR SH Nveyv - \VN - ve Ne v x Ay LA BRB EBS ANGIE IIT EAH? - VEN VV eee 2 RESIS RARE, FABRA A: We PRL tie? \ Q 4 ¢ VN - - = NV iz ve 7 vay UBL A? RAIS LN NNSA vay > LRALBEI NRA”, ©+ ia] New Words LFAAL HEA Iu 2. BUR 3. the iA 1 2A 2. BRAD 3. eA 4. 7% 5. LHW RA 6. iL 1. MA 8. 480A -6- IE IE > Adv haojiti bu jian haojit jian fazhan kudi hua putonghud nidnging ging lic déng jiu Supplementary Words N N N M N Vv N N méiyuan Ouyudn ji@yuan yuan yazhouxué xi huild xi@njin xinyongka haven't seen (sb.) for a very long time a very long time to see to develop fast; quick; rapid RGAE HAR, DE PRR, BAR dialect; language _L Yi, PUR, rh Bigs the common speech (mandarin) Pais, Fas young 44% \ aR AEE AS light; small fluent PLASRTEAY AAEM Fe ADGE ASE vA A to understand fit L #8 , AHEEIB-, THES Bt exactly; precisely LAE, BLL (MAE et U.S. dollar Euro Canadian dollar (measure word for Chinese currency kuai) Department of Asian Studies exchange rate cash credit card9. Sr N chéngshi city 10. UA N difang place 11. JL Vv érzi son 12. ¥ N cai food; a dish D Pee PE ze FALL Be “You just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JK+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “JK” i usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: BMAF BE OPE, OK B AYP B. In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn’t denote location must be followed by “3X JL” or “JL”, thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: ROA BR ABILR HOAKGE ABIL AR? HR AE AAR ILA ARAF @ (RHA, “The food (I had) was passable.” “TLL” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i& 7] 2,” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: UPBYETA, Wa EE RGEWAFE TU, @ FMW. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “i%4+NP+(V)+J” means “it’s somebody’s turn (to do something)”. For example:BMRBRLT o ® PRB , I “Good morning, Lin Na.” “FL!” is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “fl! ” For example: — 4) F! ARAN! O KABA HE” . “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “fiJ{ij(ii” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “3%” can be pronounced “Bij fiz”({A?IA]), whereas “AR” is pronounced “4” ([va?]). © BORE LAE TAH “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “gE” (1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: RRM E BRAPAS 1Dyeill iB S le (i 4 3 Zz S a 1. AOR, FP! GARR MERITS? 2. KAABKA,RALBT 3. RAY AA EAL 4. FR-RGRS VARA? 5. MB) & ABIL A Ape 6. RRAAF 7. FBARBHAURAAl Q 8. AMAL RA TE”.1. 34 TAAL Master the following phrases C1) FREAH FIA E AA EERE BRRERBRE FARA vEAPE TA BAA REALS RERF BARRY HERAA RGR KARS BRAGA BR LAER RAF CA) RAAEA B (1) PARRY (0) 2 FD AE (2) BRT KRBT HRT PHwMeyT AMABWT BAM GTRA BRTRA AAVBETAA ILATRA TERS TRA PWETRA ALAR KRGSR AwkpwRS QIRLIRK (3) AEREEM MAB iy AR WMEAVLA MRT ABF (4) SMS BMA BIE BHPRM BRPBHS AON) EGE ER (5) Ete BRERA BRR AB a BAR BRE I OA (6) AA FH HIE 5s RAN ZMBM KEKE F-$ A-M R-Kk A-A ON-F 5-H WH-it 2. AJHAR Pattern drills (C1) RHRRGES? a + WAR RIURF ae Be UE RAGE RE? % 3 RRA Ke (2) Heil BGS HARE g QP BS ORE, RBRIBBA A AS 6 e i AF eR RAEAM SRT RA me HA ts RRIF ET,(3) PAAR AER? REM RAMEE OTE EBA KAR? HOBATK Veo (4) FRAY TB? HAMIL T 2 RABAPMILT » (5) EFM AEA T? RAIMET « MBE BAL? RBA (6) AARBA EAH? REK, MAILE? BME. MB IRIE— AK? BRAR-HE (7) HA, RA-KRBRS TARP? ARG aE if Be RK TY Ble BRAT RIAA AB IL EJB ABIL KALA Xp By BEA 4iae ARR LAP KR wae RE ARE) i524 RAR ABIL RAE bi FB KAR KOM FARRAR fh , 1&2 3008 4, -10- KA(MAlyusn) AKk—L AM 500 £H | Ba (Ouyudn) b3-L=F 200 KA 2a A (ji@yuan) ERLE 700 Ha Fe,3. DRk3F3h Classroom activity Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates (1) 14 A (méiyuGn) 8.19% (yuanNA KR ft A: lOKAKSYARH? B: lOXAMSIVLZAR AFA, A: 200AH___ PB A: 20kH___ OB: LC (2) 1m A (GuyuGn) 7.12% (yuan) A Rf A: 500K 2? B: —o A: 620K 2 B: A: T80bK A. 2 B: (3) tev (GiGyudn) 45.234 (yuan)A Rf A: 1300%2 7 2 Br A; 150042 2 Be A; 190040 %, 2 Bro, 4. S1EA Conversation exercises [4TdR0F Saying hello] (1) A: Fe Bi thBo SR ARAMRA., A: &M,FRARA, (2) Ar RAE! eF. As HER ARE ASE 2 B: PIAA. HET A: 8K QAR AE. -ll-(HES ER Confirming that something has happened ] (1) A: FRAME MILT? REFS BE BRIT ARK Br REAMAT , at Kee, A: RRA. RRA BIE, MR MBREL, (2) A: ARM, ME MILT 2 B: & OT A: that Ze EA? B: RMB ERT RAAB, Li¥ Othe BR4T 9 ~Commenting on one’s actions] C1) A: teeth? RA To B: MBAR! : HILAL TA, ERMC EAH? MR SL F AR (yazhOuxue x1) 44 FB yh? > RKP RE, + RREBRATRAA aR, 5 : HARA IE? (2) : EMBRAER? > ERKSHRFS? SHRBE. REBR KR. SHB (3) A: RAMREEREAH? Brrr rer Pe Pe De ee 1 8 1A: B: A: B: RENE SAA Kb? BREA ER? “ER 4T4R4% Changing money at the bank] (1) A: B; : PR AGI (hull) $ 7? (2) Pe Pee PP DHL, RBA KARAR A BRRS Y KA? DANOOK AI ° HP ° Bo RR a, 1847, HALARBO0A LZ (xidinjin) , 3 E44 4948 JAF (XinyOngka) . BAR PERREA? (HEE IF Describing a place one has visited] A: Sr vr pe rey OF BLUE AY He To Fe 6 ATR : KERB T 4? AIL RBG RB? RBURS. 2 EM RGR? 2 ABILR REA? ABIL 8 A HG 38 16 2 ABIL A BE DLR o MEEEAA -13-5. HAWG Describe the following pictures (RARE) 6. 3€BR4EJ Communication practice (1) You went to the bank to exchange money, but after talking to the teller, you noticed that the exchange rate was not very good. Therefore, you decided to change the money later. (2) After visiting different places, you and your friend are asking about each other’s travel experiences. (3) You are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. You hope that he/she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese, grammar, and character-writing. a il TRE EM TRBAR AMG RIGS FEL AE MAREK AAT 9 HOM ASE IK, hah AEA ER, RP EMAL T . RHMAILY PEERY SPR, AREAL AE EE, EE ARE A ODER -14-Life — 7S KB (Chéngshl) , & FHI AR ARE EH ARS , 5th KBAR BAF, EAM RIRA SZ RERAEMT IRS AA A (difang) WE TAY RAR, EK TRS AEH. MILF (EZ) ALL, AEP EUGRAT A LAEA BIA IF GME K PEAR, ARATE ER (COI) BAT ARSE ALAR RTE 0 RAGE EL UAB AE BE PETRA ARSE EAP IE TVA, 4S EMG TRAIL PLA RE. Le kL EME, WT LAGE LAT AR AS 1B PH NLELAADHS MIS, FRAL MIS PREPARA, AEH RAABMEBIE, ” WA 1. 4825468 (1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. This is called the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “4” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ ( + Adv + A & it a F oes i aA B The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ + A + FRA FIL FH F RIF? BR a RR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “#$”. The first verb is often omitted. _ 6(V) + 0 + V + # + Adv + A Predicate Subject T 7 | (v)| o vs 48" Adv A | Particle te & # | RR Fe | 3 | 4 #B H a2 Li Be | RABE? fed) | GL) afaiae [at e SAH? Ea (4) | BR | # Hee Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “ji”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example; “RR” , “BUAARUE” - (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “JX” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say O" “HALE.” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques tion. For example; Question Answer REREAD? RRB, PTR GA, Rial, 2 BH “T” OQ: HEATER Particle “T” @, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “7” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “J” Q always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and B; [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. -~16-A MEMEIL? Where are you going? KREMM I am going to the shopping mall. MEA? What are you going to buy? RF Rio I am going to buy some clothes. B MAMIL T 2 Where have you been? Or Where did you go? RAMATQ Tve been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. TEA T? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RE RIRT 6 T've bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. In group A, “FH” and “IAH" are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. To negate a sentence with the particle “{/” @), place the adverb “J (4 )” rather than “78” before the verb, and omit “{” from the end of the sentence. To form a V/A-not-V/A question, juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its negative ( “---?---” ), or add “+. }4j” to the end of an affirmative sentence. V+ O+ — Predicate Subject — 1 — Adv v | oO Pt R | BR ca To te BA z Lif. RE a R Ta? a * BR TRA? ae SMM KAMA? Notes ; (1) When present, the particle “7” @ always indicates that actions or events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that “J” @ is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event (especially several events taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMARLFLA LY, FHLRM—ARS, (2) If “7” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; RET o “J” expresses the completion and realization RET. of the action and confirms the completion or MARKT realization of some event or situation. 3. Bhi AHH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “A—A”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; 7, iii, F—E, FU—JN, MR, AINA, BOM, etc. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—” to the verb. 4. 100~10000f# Hc Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 —FO-— 102 —FOS ee 109 —FOA 110 —g—+ Wl -q-+— 12 —q@aya wee 19 —g—-+A 120 —Fao+ 191 —@r+— 192 —FAPA vee 199 —GrAtA 200 =F 201 =HO- 202. =FOR 209 =FOA 210 =q—+ 91 ABAT— 992 AAAI vee 999 ABATA 1000 —+ 1001 —+-O— 1010 —-O—+ 1052 —F+#O#+= 1100 —-+-g 1109 —F—FOA 3543 2+ AAI+=S 8910 AFABAF 99 AFA -18-1. 1FH793K(1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) When constructing Chinese characters, certain rules are followed in the combination of sound, structure and meaning. Though the forms of modern characters are frequently very different from these ancient ones, Chinese characters still maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system. Therefore, understanding the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them. Pictographic method (4J%%): This method of construction depicts either the whole image or the partial characteristic of an obje It is the original method of forming characters. a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example: AKA RFS FR AK ALRKA.TOIG AL, FLL, SRF ALSIP RBS. b. Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example; ELAR. c. Depicting both the object and other ass R,A,C RM. siated things. For example; In antiquity, these single-component characters, which we have already learned, were originally pictographic. Nowadays, they are no longer very pictographic but are similar to codes. However, when they are used as the basic components for multi- component characters, the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter. 2. ALBAAMF Learn and write basic Chinese characters a BK "PPR min the people 5 strokes 2) RCH) rap bi currency 4 strokes -19-3) + gian thousand 3 strokes aA AR jit long 3 strokes (6) K(R)° 7 © AGH huan abundant 7 strokes (6) SE oT Fre qid mound, hillock 5 strokes oO A " "PF AAAA yong road; path 7 strokes ) Mie) (-+ 2) Ya Asia 6 strokes ¢ oo 0) #(#) 7 F424 ché vehicle 4 strokes i) fF “Svar eareEe zhong heavy 9 strokes ape ~F RE -20-you especially 4 strokes 3. USWX HAW Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) zdo ¢ Fa Fey 6 strokes ° ( \ Zz (2) 4R4F yinhang (4R47) aR -_ & + Rk 11 strokes (3) BEER paidul (#E mR) HE > 4 + # 11 strokes FRaFPF +A 4 strokes (4) # huan (4) Hot + & 10 strokes # (eingziteu) 78 Fr (5) 34 yingbang (4%) 6 strokes Bese 4 eH a 15 strokes (6) ZA cong (#) Mah +k 4 strokes (7) k ci Rm? 4k 6 strokes -21-(8) AML Canguan (AFR) Ms + 6 strokes (9) & 4 bingmdydng (4 H1A) & 7 i toa 7 strokes jR> 4+ A 9 strokes (10) "4s 4 =mingxinpian fe > 4 4 9 strokes (11) LMA KR gOngzud rényuan (TAH) Rowen 7 strokes (12) £75 Wangfijing Fe > P+ At 8 strokes (13) &# xXran os 7a HE to 6 strokes (14) RA fazhan GER) JR > P +r 4 nm 10 strokes (15) 4$387 plitOnghud (#383) &o + Ft gy 12 strokes moO A+ 10 strokes -22-(16) 44 nidnging (43) Hee + B 9 strokes (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of “4” is written as “ Au (lidzipang) FRR BR ae 7 strokes (17) A) lich NG 10 strokes 7 strokes (18) t& ddng k — t + 15 strokes (19) # jiu BoP + kh 12 strokes Xi’an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals Xian is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th century BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty established his capital, named Haojing, where Xi'an is currently located. After that, the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC—206 BC), the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—25 AD), the Sui Dynasty(581 AD—618 AD), and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD), all had their capital cities at Xi’an. Xi'an was the capital city of Chinese civilization for over one thousand years of its five-thousand-year history. In antiquity, Xi'an was called Chang'an. In the year -23-1369, its name was changed to Xi’an, and has remained the same to the present day. Now the modern city of Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms’ Period (229 AD—277 AD) and the Eastern Jin() Dynasty (317 AD—420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the acting president in Nanjing. From 1927 to 1949, Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality government of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province. Beijing was the capital city of the Jin(4), Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949, it became the capital city of the People’s Republic of China. In addition, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou are among what are called the six major ancient Chinese capitals. -24-Filling out forms, getting a library card, going to the library to borrow and return books, paying fines for overdue books: these are some of the things that you are very likely to do in your school life. This lesson will teach you how to express these activities in Chinese. You will also learn two sentence patterns particular to the Chinese language. STAR Lesson 16 R B: RAMRGH HE, Alike, PAR BLK, WX BH ZR, MANERA, ACM BED T - R My - -N VV Ne THR: PRET HB?O vv wus ve RB TA -AILP AR-7N vA vA ve Z2RET o RAM, RAPHPRE TA: RA AMIE BIE. . ofS IRENE LAR: BPR RT OS? He, TAR TH kh: BRT. be Ru, 4¢ Ve Nev PR. RASTER IHAR: HARRA. RB TR AALS RAR. BIKE ASR TA tk: RAPER, thee, RB, Rit MAP AE RACK? TA ik: He RASH. “HS? Be STAIR’. Ts yn aa “PE RI] "BRR? 3 (44%) Filling out forms, an R #&: AeA? Th tk: B92? LR", “TRE? _-—Eve VVN ev eNN e eu. RR B, BPE”, o URACIL TKR Fo BAH BLT, SLAB Le Nv ves KE RAARE AGE T « + ial New Words 1. 7, Prep ba (denoting the disposal of sth.) #483 T AREER T JER 2% Vv wang to forget STP UEK HILT 3. ABE ON tushiguén — library 3: P64 HERB, SUE HH, PL aTE As N tusha books Ae N guan shop; a place for cultural activities ‘SCO ORT ; SEAR 4. SEN — bangéngshl office ZMH, LBHRO IRA dn RETINA, ARE Tp vO bangéng to handle official business; to work (usu. in an office) JS ETE Ee N shi room fh A3 5. Ek WN shang to go up; to get on / last; previous | 3, EER EUG, Lb OA 6 Adv xiGn first; before SEA. te Jean ASS, JER Fate 7. RIE ON ji@shOzhéng — library card #584 AME BIE EAE EDS T MEE e v jie to borrow; to lend (2%, (443 (HEEB -27-10. 20. 21. a ey RAT . ie . A . TES . PE FI] FRak =28- WN VN zhéng ythuir xia dai tian bido na man buxing shénghud aij xingming xingbié zhiyé jido (ST HIS certificate; card 4b UE, iH AETE, C/EIE a little while —2JLBt2,—AILER, A ILEA HEB to go down; to get offnext FR, FH, PRE, SLE PK, FEM, FAA to bring HAF aR AH ALD, eR ART to fill in; to write EAS SUPA HY, BUNA A form; table; list S38, PFE, Ak—TK to take; to hold; to get 44%, @3t#, SHOR, SIE slow; slowly 5784818 AB, BIL 18, BURA not be allowed; won't do to live/life Zep RRMETE , FEILER A ALTE AERA RIE 5s BURA oneself (KA, RAC, FES ,8a #, ACS, com mame 7#/E AYRE , BEE sex; gender HEHE] occupation; profession fF AML Aub, Pb to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent, etc. ) ZE9E, 3668, ZEATAR: TAK: vVoN ANS -4e- : BUIMEBEDT S Katia? SL o4vee -\ DT TER, INR eM Ne Ne rev Ne ev : PRIMEHARS. AK, KHMMMLAMFIRT , 4 * Vv¥VV¥ 4S VN ANY FRY Ve RTE R, TRIES EA AS EK LARS Rh, RAMEY RBRAAA VvvoNw Ne ae VV e-VNNN > LERNREGH, dL. BARC LAG HH -29--VVN wee TOA ik: RLM TAS Rapes vvNes in y & R 4: TARA} SFR, Resuming books - vee KE, REF, v ooeNe evecy DUAR: Ho WHAT MART. NVM NN evn oe R fe: WRAL RP AA, Ree HILST, new a a Sven = LAR: —AGRM-RBHL,OMAT WAH it BT+R, Bi - ee Ne BENRR VeeN VN AVA RB, BBA, HA, RRA AML? Sova revues U8] LMHAR: MILA BH, TUES, = ee SA TOA RR: APBAF RS HIRAM? vovvoversnveyv IHAR: A. R-AK ARBRA), AE ig] New Words 1. & A chang long HYIAVBL ABSA Oy TA et 2 Bix VN kdoshi to give or take an examination/examination; -~30-3. RAR 4. ie 10. $9 aR H 11. Aa xe 12. & Vv VO/N < 2222 bucud. fanyi xin kébén cha hudn guoqi gud qi fakuan fa kuan dianndo dian nado cha test CBA AR EA to give or take an examination; to test Ag Aa, BIR A not bad FAS ANGH SAE AN HE ETE ASA He RA to translate; to interpret MPESIB3, BE DESC ACRES 75 BE new B45, PATE, Mla, A textbook Bi IIB ASI TRAR MIE HDA to go or come out HK, HAS, MILI to give back; to return i615 RURAL, HER to be overdue IAT RAMI FARR A to pass a period of time to impose a fine or forfeit/fine xLSNTHRK; BEAK to punish; to penalize TR, TST TR a sum of money computer — Fa) 13 FF (9 HEL AT SH, « FATA, electricity brain to check; to look up #EURAC, #E4E 18), AETB Ae AEH A FA BA -31-13. CEA Xin Shiyong Hanyti Kabén RBA) PN New Practical Chinese Reader A A shlyong practical ED FEAETA] Supplementary Words Lee ON yuelanshi reading room 2A N zazhi magazine 3. AA N wenda questions and answers 4, FRIT v yuding to reserve; to book 5. Fil] N fangjian room 6. BS N gudji nationality 7. AR N yaoshi key 8 AR N mulu catalogue; list 9. BR ov xayie to renew 10. $6 N nianling age wR PN Gudngddng — Guangdong Province 12. RAE N chdlou tearooms; tea house 13. BA N laorén the elderly; the aged; old man or woman 14. PHS v kaisht to start; to begin 15. BF N hdizi child 16. ia] A rénao lively; bustling with noise and excitement -32-D FRR LAY? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” The adverb “BE"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action. It i8 also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: AIGA LRAT 9 PANTRARL AH @ SEM TEH BEI ARK ACH, “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “fy” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “{HAC”, “RNA”, “HRAG”, “SAG”, 2aR”. @ Aas. “You yourself know (what to write).” @ WRN LBM AIRT “I heard that you had an exam last week.” “[:" and “>” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “|” meaning “last” or “previous”, and “F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous this next/the following EA (last time) IK (this time) FX next time) E2ZIH (last Friday) (3£4+) 29H (this Friday) + 242 (next Friday) EA (last month) & 4A (this month) +A (next month) @ BILAL Key ial? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-© AW RABE. “The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” 1. 2. RNLBS, KAA BIEDT 0 3. BPR RTS? 4. LEAP BEG AKA TRK. 5. —QILAME A ARLE BIE T 5 6. ILM HT AHS Kap? TBAT EAA a arn 1. ABE PAU Master the following phrases (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) RERK SRA BMARLALY FERARHEEH —AILHA -ALHAR —DVLALIRBB -AVLABR-R ALCS Ace At$ Act ALK At AGAR RAIA CH WACLEAH MATAR MIA Ce K BKAQCMSZT KACHBBS ANACHIB ER LK FR FK BR HA BR BH ERE TRA FRE FNGHR BHSK BER NGKK BNLEK PRHR FPRBA P-APR RAPAT FeRART Fe T tem feb T FOF T AKART fH BH RET TOMAR T FHF ILE T tA FAIL AEM EAH BAR ope RT BDH STR ATA AMT SR FAT —# -34-2. AJR Pattern drills (1) RAIL? 2 3 (4 (5 ) MER BRT RA? RA. t—-PILHAR, RE? RE WLRE To BBA TS? RELA PIERRE RBM ART? 8:45 TAS DEER NAR FR 11:30 ae ER FR BR HIRE (AI IARIERADKT 6 ARRAN? AL MIRARAT 0 RAVE ERD BF? MRA, ERAT. MEAL FILS? BADR AD AT. 4p Se Het Bh Ho 9 oho aE eH 4S B48 #9 4S (ZAzhI) FRR HRAAR(F) S) EZ (yuslanshh) + ie wate hi dis AR Bi gy hh |RX BZA (a te pea 5 =35-(6) LEMAR AR-RART BART? RA RACK. oe re > Dw -36-Bz st. RRAR(ydoshi). HA Hq RO68F . 4445 Borrowing books ] 1) A: #A,AR B; kh TAs—# A R(mulu), A: AMRILE? B; ARLAT BAKA Ae : (2) A: AZ, RAPALA, B: HH. GHRHERT B? Ar, RIL BT AHS Kat Hay? Br a 3&5 Returning books] Ar RA, REE AGH HF. B: 309, BEAM T LAH, WILAA, A: R57 RAK, MMAHOLFRT SPUR E—FD? B; Tek, BEAR HBR. ° A: HR, RT AAR (xUjie)3& AHH? B: AT ARB AQ VGRUBTIIAE Making new friends] (1) Ar 35, BR ah og? B. 3! ee teak IL? 1 MEA, KER SH. : RR, PRR RAAB SH, RHE MSR, : EAL, DRERER, AMALREK, 1 HFA DP De -37-(2) Br TARA? A: HT, REAL ERC. HH, THR, B: itt. : RET RKBLT, : AA FRAIL, : hit, BREERT. : RA. > P > : Leaving and coming back in a moment] (1) A: RA, Be wis, B: at, aR. (to C, Date, ALR, (2) A: KAZED? B: A, RHA, AFLG? A: BBHKRE-F B; 4, &R-AILHRA, (to C, D) A411 369% ook, &R— AIL. f 5. MHVLIG Describe the following pictures fa CRE R) CAML?) CR AR) =38-6. 3€hR4J Communication practice (1) You go to the university library to borrow books about the Chinese language. First, you ask the library staff where the grammar books are located, and how to find them. ‘Then you ask whether there are any new or good textbooks for spoken Chinese. The library staff answer all of your questions. (2) Last time, you borrowed five Chinese books dealing with grammar, spoken Chinese, translation, and Chinese characters. You have kept these books for over a month. Today when you go to the library to return them, you find out that they are overdue and you have to pay fines. (3) You want to get a library card. You must fill out the following form; HS eal 4-8(nignling) To me - “Wa(qu) fo & - 1 La aU ee teat TyTN rs J -#R (Guangdong) Hyak (Cchdlou) AY PR AA (1GOrEN) 88 Ae — KABA AR TE HS (KGISHT) . HAN ABAZ AB AR PF BRERE RBG RI, A BAP ILE] TBE. MBILEARS fA RUA MAMIE SR AGILE RIL EAA RARAPIBR BEKB CA AAR, BBR Ee ML Ae BUR WE T KSI AT ABR T 3 OP KRG RYOEE HY IPI 5 BABS (HOIzi MN, ART RA ROR BE RE. BFMRBL, CRBS WMNEKE-RBL, Fe TA (TNO) "NT | ARS 4A ALAR AE RIL APA, RANT BR oitl 4K a FIL PHAM. RAR BONA B RB RRR AR BMRA RA -39-APE HT ARGC T AeA TP RARA LUT BAMA RAAT A. iA 1. fRALIAANE The simple directional complement “oe” and “3” are often placed after certain verbs to act as their strat complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the object(s) under discussion, we use “3” ; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion, we use “32”. For example, ALiRER, (The speaker is standing ins BC: RAHA, e -40-GH: EATS (The speakers are standing downside. ) If a verb with a simple directional complement has an object, it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the negative adverb “3t(4f)” is used. To form the V/A-not-V/A question with this vonstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. V+ 0+ RIE ] Predicate Subject | Adverbial | V | 0 we Pt ai a 2b | | & | % sen | | | | og | Te wun | | aa (we TR? | & | #@) | a ® # | He RR | @ae | ey | | mee | ot a | Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “” @; but the particle “J” @) can be used at the end of the sentence to show that something has already happened, Thus, we cannot say @ “(pial 7 HANG? ” 2. “#8” 4 (1) The “#2” sentence (1) The “@%” sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, ie. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal Ar ABH AT? A: MOP? GARARILT? B; RABHT. B; #&4€#3E 7, (so you can't find it now) -41-A: #Oi tA RLF? Ar AMAA RR AH EARS? B: RST HAA), B: AMAR, MewHeAET. (so I've made such a mistake) In the “f®” sentence, the preposition “#2” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb. S + 42 + 0 + V + other elements Predicate Subject Adverbial | Prep oO | Other OpV v | “98” | (disposed of) elements & | re | eL & To ts | te | MK AGM) TH a |& | & ze | ERA) Ow Te He te | ee | * TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “4” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “4, 76,42, %,%&, 1, HER, RE and MMi”, which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “{@” sentence. (2) The object in the “#8” sentence is usually definite in the speaker's mind. Therefore, we cannot say; ®“#3e42— TARE T 0 ” We can only say: “$e Jed AB AS BT", or “RIE LUCIE To" (3) The verb in the “4%” sentence must take some other element(s) after it, The “J” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “J” at the end (and we will introduce the other “$f” sentences with different element(s) later). We cannot say:® “$R#3XSJLER”; we must say: “FLIER ILE T” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put be- fore “#8”. For example: “RAGE LUAA HII.” 3. BY2L4hi% (1) The time-measure complement (1) The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state. When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is usually omitted 1 this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “4-Kif{il”. (V) + 0 + V+ time-measure complement | Predicate Subject |—— = (Vv) oO v Pt | Time-measure ‘Complement a | ¥ | —f. | | TAR | $4 +, ain) Oh) RIE | skating & | OR) hee Bah Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “—4}$h, Hi/bAt, =e, 0H, AE and —-42 JL". Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as “=h,—H—#, 2002 4F”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express cE. ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the a duration of time. For example, we cannot say: @ “#7 — ptedicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement, For example: TARRAEDEE WEIT ENA MIE T AAS A BE? RIERA AD BE 1. (LFA (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (4%4%): ‘This is a method in which new characters are created by adding signs to conventional symbols and pictographs. There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of -43-two types: a. Those created on the basis of the conventional symbols established in primi- tive times. For example: —,=,2,09, 2,7, 6. b. Those created by adding indicative signs to pictographs. For example: JI. ALPE? F. 2. ASH#AWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a R&R 7 FAFEGR biGo form 8 strokes @) HF ) J Nr sa thirty 4 strokes OF epee guan official 8 strokes (4) JE ~ T FFGE zhéng right 5 strokes 6) X& =F EK shi style 6 strokes 3. ASHC HWW Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) 4 ba wa> 44+ eh x strokes,2) % wang mo F tie 7 strokes 3) #48 tushigudn (#4) BoOt+Aa 8 strokes WE >t + £ 11 strokes (4) eB bangongshi (Haz ) > rc z-> +B 9 strokes 5) iE jieshazhéng (4 #2) fRe—>4 4 #4 8 10 strokes wi + 7 strokes 6) 44 tidn Host + 13 strokes 7) dai CH) pO 4+ > 4 OP 9 strokes 8) SM man BRot+ra+w+e xd 14 strokes 9) 4% shénghud ei + 9 strokes -45-(10) 23!) xingbié wet 4+ & 8 strokes Mom t Ae | 7 strokes (11) Bak zhiye (HR) RH +e 11 strokes (12) & jido Ran 4 BR 6 strokes (13) 4X kGoshi (43%) Ba K 5 6 strokes wi + x 8 strokes (14) RH bucud (4H) BoA 4 Hk 13 strokes # (anzitou (15) @13€ fanyi (#92) > F + t+ J + Fis strokes 7 strokes ei ++ # 7 strokes (16) 4 xin Ro Rt + HK 13 strokes -46-17) a fakuGn (3) HH 7rwtiyst | 9 strokes Krea+t Rte R 12 strokes 18) fe didnndo (‘€ As) ii > A+ 7 + Ww 10 strokes 19) #& cha &eoR+ HA +— 9 strokes 20) XA shiyong (A) Kart Hk 8 strokes aia (orn tin The Educational System of China The educational system of China consists of bas c education, vocational and technical education, higl er education, and adult education. Basic education refers to pre-school, primary, and general secondary education. Chinese children usually start their schooling at the age of six or seven. ‘They spend six years in an elementary school. After that, they enter junior middle school to study for three more years. These nine years of schooling are generally -47-referred to as “nine-year compulsory education”, and are made universal in mos: parts of China. enior middle After graduating from junior middle school, many students enter s school, whereas some choose to go to specialized secondary school or vocationa’ secondary school (generally called “vocational senior middle school"). ‘The period of study for both types of school is three yea s. After graduating, students may seek employment, or they may choose to continue their studies at the higher education level. The length of schooling for a university education is usually four years, but some programs (medicine, for instance) require five years of study, At the time of graduation, if a student meets all the academic requirements, and is given the authorization of the state, a bachelor’s degree is then conferred upon him or her by the university. After graduating from university, one may opt for further studies toward master’s and doctoral degrees. Each degree usually takes three years to obtain. Like most universities in the world, Chinese universities offer three academic degrees, ice., the bachelor’s, the master’s, and the doctorate. —48—Have you ever worn Chinese-style clothes before? Do you know shat a Chinese cheongsam is? When shopping for clothes, do you sually compare colour, price, size and style? In this lesson you will earn how to choose clothes and make comparisons in Chinese. S+ti®R Lesson 17 OPP TEE EBB AES = a Ve vou ene TH: HR, MVLE PARR? vA vev - EDR: MARR D? HRI ~40.- SemaT? vVeve ne vuvs THik: RRMREET TRE He CBT HT RAGA aa Ue SR Hea Soi AS, Eds: Ri. LK AAD eats Comparing things vey vv -N Smt PATH RBH AeiR HH, TLD DEM ROR RUA ME, HAE io.TAR: EDA: TA: Ea: THik: ER: TAk: H ia 1. He 3. # 4 PR x 5. BB ~50- LNovve ve SLARE PARA? SNe ee Vv VN NR vv eRe IAF BMA REFERER FHP AZUR ee Ne NN vv eos HT |? rites = RABI MEK ZA HEH, - 74 ‘ BwikEE 2 REA? [ieee] = Describing thi vy SR Pe ing things Mako, vvuvoe 4 8 vvuvv« RLEKGH, WRB. REWER RH? veNNN ven ve-Nvov RARER CRAKE, MRR MILE? Levy venny KLM HE, MILA B, TAHT — BIL, Lvvore Svs cvveey — RIL A AUNT Fat, REMARK. New Words N qipdo cheongsam; a long formal dress with a slit skirt — PIG RCAF, PLAY ie Prep bi than(indicating comparison) HLH (4:2 BE, HAI, ATED, HGP RE — AL Vv mai to sell SEA AR, SEHGAL, SERIE, see 4 LAR A zhongshi Chinese style "PSRAAR, Pat F N shi type; style Adv yijing already G4O—14FT BAKT.E BENT20. 21. z >} > IE shangdian shang dian jie) yiding cha kaishi taijiquan tao shudi yanseé héi hong bai pianyi méi guanxi gOngyuan z6u shop; store /)Vi9J25 ALC HO TES, 2 BEE ARDY, A commerce; business shop; store extremely 24K T 12 T , BEER TART must; surely = —jE 41, — 72 (RHE, EIA, RE BSE HE not up to standard; poor; bad 7 2 PART BR, RELA Sait to start; to begin JAF BFF HT BA SEE TEN, WR FER A IK FEE PC FR TE Taiji Boxing "AAR ,ITAMRA set; suit; suite —B Pst AR,— BKEF ,— ER RA handsome; smart ii, MART , He ‘LS, — a ABR colour ff Asif BRIG H EE , Hee BIE, ARAB, black FRAY, FABLE CAR red ALAA, AEBS, AER white AN, AB, Ait cheap LECH), —FS WE TLAY ZAR, — ERE never mind; it doesn't matter #— RULBRA NE —ILIRKA > MRK park = EAS PAECIL, RAFT AE BAMA. TAR to walk; to go AAAI ET — Pt EBRD A -51-R aK ep R * x * + rR BH aK HR BSH ak OR -52- vove,. vA + SATE T Bag BMIERE 6 : RHRAAK? ALB 1 RH MO? 4evevvov RTH! vA ac -7N 44-7 Vevey : AAA MRR, RAMBET. vovsvee- vvyNen NAN v 2 RUNEA HI, TAS AA. RHR EAA? Nowe ‘ oN Nev ees vey 2M RURAL T , AE ET Ap A 0b heat, dvvny ea ve mT 1 BTR, Buying clothes eS Ss vove Lava XN 2 HF. RAHA RIL, BRR? vveN «ny NNN NS VN ‘ » RAE, BH REPAF, IME DRE. BEARING, Navas ‘ Ne 1 LAP OAME OiE, RE AEA?R BK H a HR RR a » * 2 * * x ial 1. yay 2. te 3. 444 4. BR NG : REAP ART o NS o4fvve very vaveyv v VN 2 XS, EKG AF KAILA, REE, AT iE FOV ANRN Fv ee FRR KS ZL CAMER MH KAAD, EHR -ARH. VV Nee LAN Svovens VIL, KITE T ARGERO RHR, NN Fev ‘ Ah RE Sr HOE AME EEE VAvVAe : TRUTST. HARE S 2 KAT HR BAY REAL, v vuves Ne NN eA vee + HPC, REE? RE MARE EMT PSK . VovN ANee FH? RABRAME BIR? New Words N xidoshi hour PAS JL it, abs) Vv gudgi to pass VIET SRA T N _ chénshan shit PRE, BA, RA ET HET A 1a green RAY, SANE, BRITA, RIE -53-5. FEF N yangzi shape; sample; model; pattern F-#5. AOR BHR 6 2H ON shduhudyuGn shop assistant; salesclerk a4 v shou to sell (#3 ao N hud goods 1. KR v shi to try on; to have a ty ikét bt— it, BUF, isk — RAB AE AAR 8. AE Vv juéde to feel; to think RAAK NAR PE AREA BIL, EAE I, REAR 9. Bié A héshi suitable; appropriate; right 4238, TERT RPS A A EE A 10. # A duan short SMGO GH SORT I — A JL BRAT 1 & A gao highs tall HRB, A—AUL, BAR 12. DS N gongfén centimeter PUAS4}, J9—A04}, EBB BIASY 13. FRR Vv mdfan to bother sb.; to trouble sb. ARATE, FRIRIET , BURIAL 14, 29 N sichou silk 229969 , 28172 , +P (42 9 15. FAR N xifu Western-style clothes; suit —#S 7 fit, % DEAR, PEM EE 2 HEA PA RFE supplementary Words 1 M shuGng pair 2. #E(-F) N xié(zi) shoes 3 KR N toufa hair 4. Far vo dazhé to sell at a discount; to give a discount FT FLHF (to sell at ten percent discount) 5. & M tido (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc. ) -54-6. BEF N kuzi trousers; pants 1. FOR N xiangsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8 JAAR IE liGobual amazing; terrific; extraordinary 9. & A bdo thin 10. HR M ye page i. HF N lidozi material for making clothes 12. Ar N bu cloth; fabric 13. BH Adv — Z6ngshi always 14. He N bido watch D MAIER Ct al T 2 “How long have you been in Beijing?” Some actions, such as “3, 3: , 3)”, do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example; RAPALB-HT, WAREREB BAA T 2D AACR ATRL RAL T “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing.” In spoken language, “fT” and “4” are often placed after an adjective or a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. “# J” denotes the highest degree, while “4” indicates a great extent of difference. For example: AV + &T/ BT sk BE RE MTS te ae MT. MAB WAH IE BT. HOFF rete PR oT. ~55-@ HART! “That’s wonderfull” In spoken language, this is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satic- faction. It is more emphatic than “RAFT”. Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; EBT AUF (marvelous; excellent ) { AB WHE TE (very good), HF (good ) | Ax#fi (not bad ) ZRATLA, OHEvE (passable; just so-so), ALF (not very good) | RiP, EH (bad) ® REAKTHYT. “I have already bought the shirts.” A verb plus the particle “J” @ is a perfective construction. If the object doe- not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, it requires the particl= “J” @ to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the comple- tion and realization of the action expressed by the verb. They also emphasize that th- event or situation has already occurred. For example; RETHBT BRETT. © NEL, ARREST OIE “Miss, I'm really sorry to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © $F PRTG “All right, TI buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “jj” shows emphasis. -56-i KEY SENTENCES iol. RRA RS Kepi T7 2. HK A HEH, Moh BR oe 97 3. REBETHBT. 4. ie oe Hi Ae He ABE aR A AR IE 2S. RAS MR KAD, 1 6. SHE MAHE ST. 7. MiG RCH Foil ES 8. LAL KH Ee SRT. 1. SAFIN Master the following phrases (1) Ra 4H iy AR Poy a EH AEH MAH ADO AKA MBH HS Oh AB HALL Ay EPA MABE RAH Mew PH HH pray spidey eM isAy pe Ba shay SL Aah CHAR A FH Dee Hey Hew HeHesF HERI HORAK Wik MSAD wR BSA WRAAF LAA MAS REA ORATEE A R HOR ILRI (3) HATRR READR KRHA BARD BH THK RAB REA RBBB He RDP KAA RIL rok HH AD (4) SRT AMT HRT HRT TRAT SSZRT MERT HST BET FET KET BST 237 ST AST BRST HST RUST SST RAREST AKA-FT KGRtRT MRACBED DHT ERA CA-AE DAT (2 (5 -57-(6) STSOARFT ATASAMT AT-ARBHT LATTAAWT RT ZH HET 2. JB Patter drills a (1) BR PHOBSKaAT? a bi AyA AP REET, RO SRR He & Be 20 AP R 2B Aen (2) sR PEAR HH? (A) BY AER 2k HOARE LAG IR , (MN) BK KR RRBAT. (HHH H [ (2) HH 3B (3) SRK Ay? kt FF te | REBSRABER OD | DHEMKG AHWOKRH Oe | IRA MARA Bie | tes oP ) (S) Om cs 200 324% (3% shudng) #4 (xié) a 1} (Ab) aa K = BL | (ye & $T (S) Ae ree AN AR ARB G2 z mh RRM AERAR, a wm % 3g Bea -58-(6) MRK MEGA! x ry ; MB, AMIE cape WHE RIA MRA, Ris H A | QF 5 BE | we & om 3. HRECWGSh Classroom activity Complete the following comparisons qd) (2 (3 (4) (5) RGB; 23 RRB .B7T HR —— > REPUCREHRA, LPC RBHRE SY? REPU RERRT Ro RFRA: 18.50 L; PBIRA:26.90 % > FERAL PRA BY? PERAMKRFRA Re BATR: 350 As HRT K 240 A —> BATRA IRIIA MA ___, SITAR A rete RA BY? BMA MAH Ao LAIN 43 F PREM 30 ¥ > LEMKE IP LAER CRE ZA Fo 3k BFE 120 AA 5 ARE HAW 117 AD RR ae He aR aia, BY? ee TERA MR FRA BY? AE LAE He AB ee 4. &iGAY Conversation exercises [HBREEY) Describing things] (1) A: HA, READ? Bz MALIK AB? A: HAR, RAM MSF A -59-B: BABAK? A: Bi, MEH, YR wMEK— AIL, KR (tOufa) A RILG. B; Aso T WY RAL, A= 209 ADE, A: rit. (2) A: BARLMPRFRRRE B: Wit. RRAMA KA RR A: MEHMT ATURE REKPAMK, B. 2M, PAWMBMR [Et Comparing things] (1) Ar DAMM EA, BRN BABAK, He IK % ° 2 Ho A RKRAF RRR, LER PRS 2 HBL Be LAE S 2 AR BLAE RS , be a9 YH AT He ° (2) A: AR MARES KHAT? 2 REA EHR 0 2 RE eek FoF ___ 3T. Cr Der De [SEACH Buying clothes] (1) A: dh, RMR, B: MFSAKGW? RF 42 FH, WA AER, TAR FS? TA, Siem? ngQF OF OF OF DF OF Oe Ole : READ BIL, + BHAA RM, AMM MRALF : ERAGE, SYR? 280 3&_ 2 REAR ER ILH? + 3F°C, dy ALF (Zhe). 2: MIE 4 (tiG0)#F (kUZI) BAH? : HMA ARE, dh, SRB? : 350 3k, : ARE AIL AGS? > Ho BFS YAP? : RFS ADH 1 REE, : BYR? 199 3, : AKT. : BRSY? : 100%, : 100 #4, 2 RMA : F—-F, 150, BR : RE, + HPL, BAA, 120 REA AEP -61-5. #2 Describe the following pictures SE IL AG FER He AR IL 89 ER ° Ue At, GH ve 0 ARILA RH HH ILM ER MILER $7. FTO AB IL a9 FR ve ST. oh BT SAE FOI GABE FAR , AR RB ° BAF FR —) AR RB —o ABBE, OE FIRE? RMB RMA ARF re MMR, te EM 2 ~62-6. 36649 Communication practice (1) You have just returned from Beijing. Describe to your relatives the difference between China and your own country, or compare Beijing to a city in your country. (2) What does your friend like? What does heshe like to do on the weekends? Call and talk to your friend now. (3) You went shopping in a mall. At first you wanted to buy a suit, but it was too expensive, so you didn’t buy it. Then you wanted to buy some shirts, but they were either too big or too small, or too long or too short. You didn’t find the colours or styles suitable, so you didn’t buy any shirts. Finally, you bought a Chinese-style dress that appealed to you. “H—AUL" (AflFS, xiaingsheng ) A, EAA, FUARW I BAB T? B: REAURY 44ST BMRA HA BE? Ar RIMRME, BERKS. SHEET TAD AAAT PF B, HAR St! WILT Bie (lidobuat) , A: RBA. MEMPAAM, TARR. BME T AH MRA? B; st, BARI (OO) MAR (ye). A: Redait T —AR AHH B: SYR? A: ZGR. B: HRM SSAR! CHT RR. A: RBA. EAM, TARA. Haba RH AAF (lidozi ) #4? B, 24 (bu) a. A, AFM R AMM, B, Maye Rags 7. -63-A: REX. USFS R? B: RSET, eb? Ar RA FS4—. B: RURK-F, Ar REA. WSR? B: 17244, 8%? A : RIA 173 BF, eth H— BIL, Bz RT, &.&& (ZOngshi) 6 HH — AIL, A: BE%. Hi R(bIGO) MA LA? B: Juke Ar RMRET A, Bz (69 RAL He ALATA Be ND Bt A: RE%. —? pata 1. “BO” AG7H (1) The “fy” phrase (1) The “fi” phrase is constructed by placing “ff” after a noun, a pronoun, an ad- jective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. Pr/N/SA + fH R #4 (mine) aM 4] (the teacher’s) 2H #) (the silk one) Kh (the big one)The “ff” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence. For example; AMOR, RAALAH, RGRAY WEKEH, 2. FaSb ia“ H”327% HBE(1) Comparison using the preposition “14” (1) The preposition “Ei” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “H{” and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before the adjective, in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep“He” + N/Pr + A Predicate Subject — — Prep “tt.” N/Pr ] A ik BE re AR Be RB KGAHRA we hE Bo AA He ARE ALAS eis. DA ve te Be ‘The preposition “[f,” with its object may be placed before a verb to express com- parison in sentences with a verbal predicate. S + Prep*tt” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject = N Prep “tt” N/Pr vP Hh ve & wit HB wish % & wt OF | Het Rie Ea ay wt H RA. The adverb “7” is placed before “Et,” to form a negative comparative sentence. “x ®Hy + A” means “x < y” or “x = y”. For example: 44% 64% (meaning “I am taller than him” or “he is as tall as me”) DEH ABACK AHH GZ, (meaning “things in small stores are better than those in big shopping malls ” or “ those in big shopping malls”) things in- small stores are as good as -65-Notes; (1) The auxiliary verbs and adverbs must be placed before “[t” . For example; Te BIR OR AAT Fg OT HEARS, SEE FUR AR re ABE RAE (2) The adverbs “4B, 3€,aE3¢” cannot be used before the adjective in a “Le” sentence with an adjectival predicate. For example, we can not say @ “fhecaeBte. ” 3. SHAME The complement of quantity In a “bE” sentence with an adjectival predicate, the complement of quantity (a numeral-measure word phrase) can be used after the main element of the predicate to express specific differences between two things or persons. A + Numeral-measure word phrase Predicate ] Numeral-measure word Subject N/Pr = phrase “te” | (the object of | (the aspect of | : (the result of comparison ) | comparison ) : | ‘comparison ) BEAR we | ARR RUA RK —F. BAG ve MA ca 20 34% itt a ARE k BAY. BATA | we | eM % 90 NES The word “—,JL” is used to indicate a slight difference between two things or persons, while “4J” is used to indicate that the difference is great. For example; BE AIRC AME SE — BLS LEAN CABANAS T The question form for this type of sentence is “A + 4/>?". For example; MANA MINAS BA? SAF AILIO ME HEB I (4R) 2 -66-1. (LF AVFIK(3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(3) Associative method (23%): This method of construction combines two or more words to create a new word with a new meaning, which is derived from the associa- tion of the original meanings of all the individual components, For example, “JA” is constructed by placing one “person” after another, to signify the meaning “to follow”. We have learned the following characters in this category: KARA AS BAS ERD. 2. USBANF Learn and write basic Chinese characters ay HL PLE ff bi to compare 4 strokes a & 77h yi already 3 strokes aR BR 4 if and 3 strokes . fee (4) ra a ca chan to produce; to give birth to 6 strokes © Z .conVe see EEEYe hei black 12 strokes. we Fb ee u si silk 5. strokes -67-3. USPC HDL Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts % (yizipang) 7 4% F 5 strokes (“28" is written as “%” on the left side of a character.) (1) #44 qipdo Bomw+rr + HH 14 strokes FL > F + B 10 strokes (2) # mai (#) KEo+T+E 8 strokes (3) ® & shangdidn ke > Pp+ed 8 strokes (4) jl (4B) Bret 7 strokes (5) —# yiding Bae tem 8 strokes (6) FF48 kGishT (FA 45) %ok+ ht vo 8 strokes Fquanzitou) Se we 2 RK 6 strokes (7) KRA& tdijiquan (AMA) BOR F- 10 strokes -68-8) &tdo BoK+E 10 strokes 9) JP shuai (#) yp y + 9 5 strokes 7 (daozitou) 7 % 2 strokes (“JJ” is written as “%” on the top side of a character.) (10) #& yansé (#46) BR FF + SB t+ M15 strokes B&B 474+68 6 strokes 11) 4&@ pidnyi > 4+ 9 strokes Gos; + 8 strokes yi 12) HRA Mei guanxi (MA) KVM EK 6 strokes 13) 2 gongyudn (4+) g@-H+aA 7 strokes 14) 4444 chénshan (47%) Ajomegeot 8 strokes 4B > F +3 8 strokes 15) 210 (4) ne 11 strokes -69-(16) 4 4f # ShOUhUdyudn (4 4H H ) &—of +0 Ho H+ Wl (17) 43& héshi (438) wo eth (18) 4% dudn FEF +B (19) ARE mafan CARA) SR P+ ak RMork+ TH fan (20) #244 sichéu (448) Fo 24+]+h+iv -70- 11 strokes 8 strokes 9 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 11 strokesUrban transportation in China currently depends mainly on buses and the subway. Beijing has a very advanced public transit system. The bus routes are so numerous that it is possible to take the wrong bus. ur friend, Ma Dawei, took the wrong bus this time because he didn’t remember the place name of his destina- tion correctly. S$8+/\i® Lesson 18 2 WL, RR : GRAF : T° Hee, = FUE TY ice D: Bve aN vv ovAN \ o-yv BPE, vovass Nee ee NN Nvvervee Az REERR AHO RIAHAP LH, MHAPREL NS vvsvey Ho KAKI P RIA AQ At the post office vev NO vVONN vee Ne VN Ne A: RE ARAS, TERA MY FARK , RABAT HD -71-2 HT, EK AMBILI oN Ve ven oNovV SN ERB TAPRAL, BR MULE ve A: kA. eee, BS AEE ERE? Nf evV NS VA ve ‘ A: FASC, TR MIE ST, Fave, can VAN v ‘ Rs ARIE 106 3. HABILR EM i 2 2P vv veN veo ow Ay WHHL, RELR—-HAR, Vv-ve--vy -vVeNvo«4as Ri: Tht Rh HY HR, ape, f ih OI RAIN a Ree BR EAA GERO vNveny Reminding SNe Ne VAN R: AXAN, MATRAHP RHO as BAS 8 8 oe EF ® & Gommm oo a: rea, SUE neeiieaa eat —]o THAR: RB %0 WS Mperpaseae [Shirk : 2 agee i We x git sce ae Pd | inmate EES Fe eae | ARES | 278 * « LAR LAlsistii: 20v0se a uiearswa/2su [RTE nan aes nw fenewan -72- EH, HARE TAG “AAI, KATHY, AOE,4 ial New Words 1. 7% 2. AE 3. BE 4, 3 14, 38 Fo 3B ii fo v V/N cud bdogudé xié Yingwén cididn jiu bao wang hangk6ng kong hdiyun hai youféi fei qu tongzhidan tongzhi dan to remember; to bear in mind WAT NSF A CE wrong; erroneous i24%, 974.5 48 BU AW AE parcel; package 2 41%,—/M4a, HE RPO some —HE C86 , ARE eae fy AB Were English — E5045, HERE HS HB HERES EI HY dictionary SE 3Cia) Hh, HA SCH , — ACK ia, 2a old; past; used |Hiaj#t, IAB, IALAR AR IZ to wrap 445, 4028, fat to; toward (E58 EH, FEDER, FERK DA ae, AEB JL aviation 2 /UL2s , ize A] , LAS 7) HEL sky; air sea transportation; ocean shipping; ocean freight 2F}fi2 , WHAT] sea; big lake postage Zé HB 3 , 2 “> its $e fee; expenses; charge 4 $%. 43 RAR TK to take; to get; to fetch 2) §8 47 SRCBG BUM aU 2 BE CAR HY ARB advice note;letter of notice (03238 LM TG a to notify; to inform/notification sheet, paper -B-15. BERK N haiguan customhouse; customs JH 36, WEE THAR 16. ¥ Adv bié don't HST WAT WSS 17. RNs hdzhao passport #PS AR, Ad 0 PUR PR 1. BA Akagi polite; courteous RE, KEE, NER KER 19. €H]17 PN Jidngud Mén Jianguo Men (a place in Beijing) ny N mén door; gate; entrance THR: BRA: THAR: A 1 3 = -74- KA MEBEBRA AM ELT GEILE AZ LMBKI ves Vvoveoe BRB RB, PAI, Uritemn i) Uncertainty 2 A ILA 803 BRRAF BAI, SO Q VAN fe -7¢ coe A: MRR, ART PAM ALE® vNevvy NN 4a Ne fe N vey WARBLAS F—3h,W1, FEMRER OTA - Ne vv ay k BQ MLAWGHEZ,TAR: BRA: THR: BRA: : FAALBAN, RAAWN. ws ee To VV VN vVeN NN Az HL, HER RA RAIN? VeNNN TY FN Na Ns ve SVVN FORE NNN NV Ne : RAK ETA FA, LALA SEIT, oVANSN vveaN oe A: RAR RAE? aT! FARA ATT. A 2 vevs 1 RK, ERB RS, ep RS a vevo«ey Bi KA ALM ARUBA LEAR SRR T OTE TRA? vev VAAN A: RHT , TRIO T Vive 4ovvANN RHEE MMP BERTI 4? ia New Words 1% - 78 vv- SRBRT Aakesre! | Grermeanan = [an mit: 2m 0 + oh 1 a Be ae S22 z+ @ Ri so 2? pace a Pe -- VVev eee RAE, BCG Ri OHS T , Nl route 803 3,323 8,331 BH 2. BHAA N — gOnggdng gichd bus 810 BRAIEMCA ,726 Bead MO DS A gonggong public; common; communal 2S3£/q 5 -75-IKE 8. #(i2) 9. 3b 10. RE RK Be 11. WeR 12. AS 13. #BAR 14. HTT -16- Z 227 <4 2 vo PN qiche ché jinggud hdoxiang xiang zanmen shdupidoyuan pido dajia Ni(bian) zhan chéngké chéng ke ditié fangxin ZGogao Qianmén automobile; motor vehicle; car vehicle to pass; to go through; to go by & TENH AURA AURA BAW BRA to seem; to be like (GJE R/T, BRU EIE B ORE AE >) to seem; to look as if; to appear we, us HAATUGR—F , mei] — ide ticket seller; conductor ticket 425%, ESE, ASEMAERE, HL we all; everybody AACE ,HARRUERK , KR AD in; inside; within 543 station; stop Bax, F—Hi, ESA, BSE passenger “P4899 , Ml LHF % DERHORE to ride RF, RM RATE visitor; guest underground railway; subway FS MR , MB HB to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved BLL HEL AE ABO in a wretched state; in a mess; too bad ACHPRE, SUPE Qianmen (a place in Beijing)FDFEAE TA] Supplementary Words La M gongjin kilogram (kg.) 2. pee N youpiao stamp 3. BE N jinian commemorate 4. Adv ranhou then 5.7 N/V zhtinbéi preparation/to prepare; to get ready 6. HRAA A congming clever; bright 7. LF N érzi son 8. 4 M féng (measure word for letter) 9. 454 N xinféng envelope 10. Wb Vv tie to stick; to paste LL. Hh-F N sinzi grandson D HEBBEN. “These books are all new.” “se” represents uncertain quantities, commonly used with “3¢”,“HS” and “Bik”, to modify nouns, For example: pe43" (these books), “HBAZIif" (those teachers), “HH HZ" (which movies). It is also commonly used with “—”. For example: “— e435" (some books), “—# "(some people). 2 HT. “AIL right.” “7” here is used to express the wish to discontinue an action. For example: HT REBUT. 3D SEEMILEE? “Where do you want to mail it to?” -77-The preposition “f:” and nouns that indicate place or direction together make u the preposition-object phrase. “Prep 7+ PW” represents the direction of the actior For example: BERS, BRA, MMF. Compare: “Prep 7£ + PW” represents the place of the action. For example; ARLE, ARE. @ EAR Sy EAN AE RATT FD , OF SE, “Sorry, your package is to be picked up at customs, not at our post office.” Foreign packages sent to China are usually picked up at the local post office Sometimes it is necessary to go to the customs office for pick-up. © BAST LAU AE Zs, “Don’t forget to take your passport with you.” “Silas I” here indicates reminding. © BRT WEE. “The bus is here; let’s get on first.” The meaning of “sfj{f]” is almost the same as “#8{f]”, and is commonly used in spoken Chinese. However, “ifjf{]” includes the listener; “#&({]” usually does not in- clude the listener. For example: A and B go to the library to borrow books; A says to the librarian; 3642, FR {{7 2K. (Sir, we want to borrow books.) Then, A says to B: MEf]f#JL452 (How many books are we going to borrow?) © WRAL. “Please move inside.” The pronoun “KX” indicates everyone in a certain area or group. For example: KR HARHR, KEART. RERKR-E BIL, “KR” is often used after “P{{], AC], MAA]” for emphatic purposes. For exam- ple: WRMIAK RMA LH, MAA RANG A 38-27 -78-In China, most buses have a person selling tickets on board. Buses without ticket agents are becoming more numerous in some large cities. ® WEEMS, “Passengers who just boarded should purchase tickets, please.” “HE EA)” is a form of the “fi” phrase, which means “fb AVHEA”. “V+ a9” or “VP+f” can also form the “#” phrases. For example; RAPA, FREY, GEAR AIR, RFE NIA: borrowed book, not purchased) FARAH, (FMT: tickets to Qianmen) REAR KEK. WER. “You gave five dollars; three dollars is your change. Please hold onto your ticket.” These are common phrases used by bus ticket sellers. In some Chinese cit a ticket check is conducted at the time of getting off the bus; thus the ticket sellers say, “Please hold onto your ticket.” KEY SENTENCES - ab BARR aT AY ROAHAP LH, MPHAHRKLM, . de @ Rik oo PK, ME TRAMP RBA, - KARST, KRRBBR . FEHRE RE CH RBS RET TRINH T SPADAAWN SE 1. 9818 F FUSE Master the following phrases (1) 2 Abo ake MAR RLS MLE AERA ELAM Ea pe ime siq 2) 42k BELA AML BRAG ABRR BAER -79-BRERE BwERA BE G3) "NALA NAIA NRA MH HRA "ANSGAR L (4) KR KEMRGAR MKRRK WKESML WAR Dw HAR LM HARABY HRRKS HAZER WAKEPMR WARAMLARA MMA EMRKIVC KNAKEMRHRE QNKR-RERB (5) Ref RH Rey Rea Ret Beh REYA RAM AGN RRMIARH ALHH ZRH 2H MH RE AMH RH RH LH BBay BL RAR RRAM (6) SLAF PLY CHER FRAR AMR THLE Reet MRD SERS SHAR PARKA FRR (7) tei to PR FEAL RAB jerk AKER RP REA JAAR GREER FORA K > SIBHE Pater drills mR | (1) AoF BAe T 2 eee ROWE T — 2%, ATE. Li ohana i [ Met #9 a | (2) MBs hig eT RA? a eae a KA WSBT. 2 RIES oH AR ORR a | Ash baie Wi Bae st -80-3) WHAT? at BR WUAARLS HAL RE, 5 Re HY ie ZA KR-RRT - fo ih to B APE MH Be KR RER Co He q HL BR Bi ER € ma 5) Wibdeth 2 Ke le & xammnEH eA BH E, eR BRD ewe | fF Rk mRORR S$ ok ROR 5) AAI Hao? Gen | OR A Ga] ah? (4) BF Kx ASAE. an Ch) te BR RMA MARA, RB HEH, (#) BiH att eee Ch) em 8 BB GR) EH tak 7) RRERAKAMEH? [ REAR (A) # WAR px KEGEL ERMA, | (2) ee eae, CL ER he ek eke |(8) Rese MRIL FDR? WEHRFAR, aa an eset FR? x sh ie Wie FOR. ELBE AMA WeE KR eh 3. DREIEB Classroom activity Complete the following question-and-answer exercises (A asks the first question, B answers it; B asks the second question, C answers it; ...) C1) SKAZFHAZRB? (2) PRAMILF BR? (3) FAME KAA FRE? MA His RY? (4) A LEA RUDRA AL MLR GR? (5) AH LARGER A AIHA? (6) BRRARAWN? (7) BRART MRE? (8) BRAKM RAIMA? (9) Hetil At RAAB ILE #2 (10) SAA KEP LBA HI TB? C1) BKARHAZET? 4. S845) Conversation exercises [4EItB)& At the post office} (1) A: AA, RFRA, B: &A—Fo A: ikabape TWO, BREIL? RRR, EB ARP B Aro B, MARFA E BR HB? A B: th @R-HAAI (QOngjin), Hf $ = ~82-2) iD) PP rw er De oe ve eee 1 WEN @ RIL ESI? : £-2M, 2 DHL, EI, RAR-P OR, 2 He Rik seh ° : He, : RRA-AEOPR, HSL, 1 REIL? A, RAMM OR HP. : RAKES (yOupiao): +RALM, FRALH, : 3 14a, + REL 2& (jinian) HF, + RBA AIL? : RZFKDAM, BNE? : AE, HBA Describing things] IDA B: ang 2 Rah AF MIL? eH? ABRAM MAF RAF AD, He AF RAZ BE 892 SRILA 4 AY ee TERR? AN ABHAZE Uncertainty] (1) A 2 Ue Foi MB Aa HR HE? PRR RMR REPA P ~83-A: $,RE8?, (2) Ar “RGM FEZ? B: AB“*A”, a (ranhou)-+-- SHA? FREAK”, Ar Bx, RK" [#282 Reminding] (1) A: AR, FFRAR, GN-RAB Hire, B: A: REFS ME TRACP PE, B: ce (2) A: RHKAMA. B; 2 A: RER-+ GR, AMAMKD FAK, B: HST 0 [ARASEIR Taking the bus ] (1) A: CB ARHARART AEA, B: 4, ZEA, RARER, RAKE, 0 #ER: —k AE © B; BRR: F-3b, ZH. FRM RSH BS (zhinbei), EAS T, FEWRERS SACHA, (2) RB: DI MAAK EM HRARBRBHL? BER: RBARAEHH, KR B. MR RPRAT. Ri: o ETAT FF , 810 BAKA FSI Et Ho Be MWh 5) Sb SIF RAI — FIL 3H? A: RAM, BASS,5. ABLE Describe the following pictures (fy GR A: GRR %, ARAB RH B: ABRATBR ORR _ Ho $ A, bd RRM BIE, LAR: fyd4e th a4 BR # 2. LAR: fete ay wR, #2, HHH LEAR: ite th 04 BR Fb: wh, LAR: fd F Bw, LAR: HT GH EET 6. 3€hx4%J Communication practice 1) You go to the post office to mail a parcel to a friend back home, ‘There are many things in the parcel and you show them to the clerk one by one. Initially you want to send it by air, since that is faster, but you change your mind after you find out that the postage is very costly because you have so many things to mail. 2) Describe one incident where you had to go to the post office to pick up a package or to withdraw money. 3) You get on a bus and while buying a ticket, find out that you are on the wrong bus. The ticket seller tells you how to change buses to reach your destination. ~85-ymprehension and Paraphrasing HH (cOngming) Hy ALF (érzi) 1. We BEST 4 (feng) 1s , 348 45 (834 (xinfeng) 2 ko , 4445 89 4S Ht REID HY LIL KPA HF. AT -—BIL, LF ORT, CEM: “thiets F TONG RN ET. ES, CAM KM (EMT, BHR FY SRG, MST BARRE SAFO SRA GH AMBTALARE, "SEM ILF “HACER TS? LF HGCA T PET RAAB, RIL WERT. ” 2. LR A EEER-KGRAL, WM REEKAY IG WAKER. EE HK ME LMR LF AS] AMG T LT ADEM, wR 487 RUDE FAS A GER A ob Fh (SUNZI) S) EER RILPC, RRB "S ERT HAIL, DLN FPA RATE I ARE AMAT? LF HL KK EE EARG EME ARGH!” 3. CER MF AER HG DARA RY, TRE RAR ART TS BRE, FAG “SRA ABBE AA, A AE RARE? EER RB BAK T LF HL KA BMH RESHRRERAGR, ROR GRAS mT.” -86-1. S5LRNB The resultative complement The resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective. V+ V/A oF rd to listen and understand g za to write down a a to wrap (the parcel) well $ ae to hold onto i 4 to remember incorrectly aw cy to take the wrong (bus ) Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “f/” or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement. \ Predicate Subject -——. r a ee _V | ‘WA complement ) | Pt “T " L oO Pt “Tt HR | om |e | T. BRA | @ Ec | BAER. | | FHOHRE | = ca | AHS, | _ HAN i 4 ee & LT. If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “BE( 4)” is commonly used in the negation,while “---T}L4{” is used for the V/A-not-V/A question. For example; RET RA? — RTE. BRAGHORTEA? Hi A OH BR. The adj “ie” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-RAN REPRE, HARM, LELR, 2. “Fa” 4a (2) The “fi” sentence (2) There are two types of “ff” sentence in this lesson; A. “Jf” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “45” , GE", “GR ()” , GB", ete. This type of “Jf” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S +H" + Oy (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject On v o a (something ) | (to give) | (somebody ) Hab AP IR Bs ko PR | & Bo OR | 4% Mee adh # R Site R 4 BR To B, “#21” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “ff)" sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “G7 + O + V + H/H + (T) | Predicate Subject — — ] Adv “i” On Vv K/E | Pt th qe | MRP RR *# | ke & BR je | PR * & | to BRA | RA ze | MAR £ * | & je | MeOH |e | Rk OT, & & je | ae it & | ee 3. “fi” 42) The “fi” sentence (2) We have already leamed the “J&” sentence; for example “#22 ™%49)". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. ‘The function of the “fi” phrase is e- quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “J” sentence. -88-S + #2 + N/A/Pr/Vp + BY Predicate Subject — ee _ | Adv “e" | 1)" phrase RG Bik sop aR MR 85 BARAK z aa, ORG az Pi, | AH R & HLH, HLH x BRAM, Phe x KH 1. WFAA (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ({BH¥ 3%): This method us readily available character to represent another word that the shape and sound of a s the same sound. For ex- ample, the original meaning of “f” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word to represent “a unit of weight”, which has the same sound. “#” was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “3” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in ancient times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “2b” (sofa), “AJR” (coke), etc. 2. ALSBAWYF Leam and write basic Chinese characters 13 yn & & sl the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes De "FSR fa not : 5 strokes nR (“7 eeneee gg &F xiang elephant 1 strokes ~89-Oe TEE yu a pencil 6 strokes oR “-Tttrtree chéng to ride 10 strokes OR PEER sht to lose 5 strokes 3. USWX' HMMs Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) i ji Ge) womy+s 5 strokes (2) && baogud &ao7+e 5 strokes gOS + Rtn 14 strokes (3) & xié wHe—> pyre hea 8 strokes (4) 448 cididn (443%) who ther 8 strokes (5) 18 jit (#) ws |] +4 5 strokes -90-6) 4 wang feo 4A td 7) 4 hangkong hi > fp +> +L BaP eT 8 38 hOlyun (sie) wrath 9 ip yOurei ($6) % > + Wh (10) FR qu Ro R+R 11) i 4% tongzhidan (8 42 #) Ho Pte 12) 47 RR huzhdo (247) Poo. +pP 13) F& kéqi (FA) Bom 1 Re 14) #€ 11 Jiangud Mén (3 Pa) BOF 15) 3% lu Bo¢+ RD 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) A # giché (4 #) = ArT +H a strokes (17) 444% hGoxiang Br l+R 13 strokes (18) »€)4/] Zanmen (+f 4°) ™@>a+ g 9 strokes (19) #4 shoupidoyudn (42H) Zoe 4+ 11 strokes (20) £(22) Ii(bian) woreAtii 5 strokes (21) 3 Zhan Bos + sb 10 strokes (22) 344K ditié (24.4%) we > 3 4+ th 6 strokes BR—> BAR 10 strokes (23) #8 fangxin Brew +& 8 strokes (24) #HE ZGOgdo He > F + — + BW + A 1 strokes (25 #11 Qianmén (af Pa) WoY eee A + | 9 strokes -92-pale; Transportation in China The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qinghai~Tibet railway is now under construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have ex- panded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xing, %) and 80% of villages. Modern highway construction first started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modern highway is 19 thou- sand kilometres, ranking the second in the world. There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978. ~93-i Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our friend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting. In this lesson, you will learn a new way to make comparisons between things. STAIR Lesson 19 (IY Le] AN 9 ‘ av VAveeve se THR: GMIRET LARGBAA ANB Cn A A 2 OM: RPT RMT. SRAR-RERM PEF, (dest seint al) Expressing a duration of time vVevoaevs TAR: RABK PAG! ‘ vevyv cee Hh, RB, AAR a AR AwTHR: TAR: TAR: VevVeN V¥V -4N eve Ne ve Ne BSR AF URE P BB MARTY PH RRR v- vey 5 AB. mili, APRBaT ESET? Bi, 7 Sov. eee VeN- 4 4NR NR Ve 2M, CAGT+—#T! RAR MUEEA EGR”, \ve VN eve FN vO Ae VN RRS! REGRAMMHEKPAG, TAAL enun vA vVvV-NN ev Ne ee NS KEG, RECURS LHF MEKS PARA, ME - Ne oer WERE FGF Al eet] Talking about hobbies aS 0 0 : REE EAT - Ne Ne VN NN Vee HOS KARAS PASH, SHER. VVVN Fe eNO Noo VNN SN : RBE-M PAG, AGRHM-RRH, AAA? eee venues ve oNovNe PEA GYD ERAT © RAR BGR”, fe ¥9 ,van BRK Svvuene OMB: RMA BRR IE? Ne vv¥VVV Nv OVA TAR: RTARM! RTA CR BAF HY 3k Hp O + ial New Words 1. Paw ON zhongguohud JL N huar 2. eh youhud a N you 3. AF A ylyang 4. %A4E ON méaishiguan FM vo kdimén 6. & v hua LA A ldo 8 BR N hudjia R N jia 9. RIK IE bu gandang 10. RIF N/V aihdo 1. *B v chang traditional Chinese painting #%*} ili, PERCE i SP i PP painting oil painting 38 HB), EHH, SEH aah oil the same; alike FE, —PESE, BE ES, RE art gallery SUMRARME, BRR to open the door; to begin a day’s business RUFF , HBL FET, SLT ARTE OWA FET to paint Ti JL, , iS , Fl, ia 3h ii old; experienced A BBR painter; artist 2A “FRAY HA, A BHR specialist HATH, XK, HARK I really don’t deserve this hobby/to like ARBRE AAR SF , Fe BL to sing BAM, BNE, BH“12. RA N jingju Beijing opera Efi 13. BBB A | mamahoha so-so; careless 0 (845 ge ge , 5 TOL pee, PASS RE BR Tye Be A mahu careless 14. RB M fu (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) — OTL JL, — 0, 15. #2578 = PN XU Béihéng (name of a well-known Chinese painter) a 2 2 Ne 4a TAR: MNLART PED GILT RA A, VAN Lvs ne RERARE wHERE® Vo oe eNO NN aN kW: He, Ask SLAP SR HERD Comparing things ; eee 2 A OM, BARK, — THR: RRAFAR, ALKP OBR GHZ. vey Nas HMB AR BLAU AR — HR?THik: TAR: a OUR TAK: 98 - vvns ven - FN FERN NS TRARITA TF , RAZR oe © PEG fork B AAR —to voN 4A : BAR? HNN VON FARR LRN Kr YR SAA, Wee AA; PRGESALOKG, GS oN VN REA G Nave RX}, SEA A HH? PLAVN GE DON FORE VN Oe MGRLAZE, PHGRPRAZA, KARE RBHDS ‘ Svvo«vn se Say JL: GRRGBT—-LL RAGAN, vay an Svovvnsnay : TRAMEBR LAMM AG, LAN RAR— FARE vues va - 4S VN -v By fhe ABUL T BEATE HAF AE Bh EGE AL,A -vN TAR: a7. RIA GB HIP —H, CAVHERHSL OATS! VN Nea 5 MAE DR BAT 2 A 4 oN VANE vy ie KOM: LG, TRALBAK, Bi NN Nee vy TAK: PHBA AIR BRA? Sv NN VN VN ve Sv OM: HMMA, TRACMAA ADR HYDE, +ia New Words 1. WAR N didnt elevator 4 PE LBS, HP LER ATUL 2. FRR VO kai wanxiGo to crack a joke; to make fun of HIFEE KH FRR 3 A méi beautiful #36 69" FIM, ARSE HS Maile ALTAR x 4. N cdiliao material FAS BP +, TUBULES BPE WAI ROPE 5. KR N zhi paper FAY, Skat, —aKae 6. Ar N bu cloth APRA, AARC FAL CAR IR 1 ER A zhtydo main E38)9, ES, EH, EMI, ER 3B N mo Chinese ink FHSS, FURS 9. we N youcai greasepaint FEE ii 10. #44 Pr —_—biéde other Si) iB JL , A AE, HY TRAE AINE, AUB, HURT Wu. EA N kongbai blank space #725 14,28 A AU3E 2 Adv ht only RA, UBL, RG, mT , MT Al, REX, Ries 13. Be M pi (measure word for horses) —[E 7} -~99-B > a 8 5 Xo AA Sw * pug N <7y2z2zp<< PN xiGngxidng to imagine #4¥—F , BAUR pao to run HOR FUSS PARR ES ta it féng wind #7 JA, WAT RRL xia shrimp iif RZ 46 tamen they (refering to things, animals) you to swim BFASRAR, eT Vit RSE de Qi Badishi (name of a well-known Chinese painter) RA Supplementary Words 1H . HATE x wy Bik ake va . VAT Rm 10. RAC, eer Aw eR YD v N 2s. 222 a zixingché yuan pdobu shofa yeya jiému yigian shou jidnféi guan shéngqi gangqin hdizi shidian jidoyu guandian to ride; to sit on the back of bike; bicycle far to run, jog handwriting; calligraphy spare time; amateur program before; formerly; previously thin to reduce; to be on diet to discipline to get angry; to take offense piano child; children bookstore; bookshop to teach; to educate opinioned D MEAT Te BEA FEET “We came too early. The art gallery is not open yet.” The structure “Z8L(#7)+ V + We” indicates that a certain event or situation has not happened yet, but it will happen. Compare the following: MARTH? $eiRAE, (He didn’t go home.) HELA ARI. (He hasn't gone home yet.) “I don’t deserve this.” This phrase is used commonly as a reply to someone’s compliment. For example: Wi T RAR SHH BAAR HEM, RHYL ER MR, REE Rat Lin Na's statement, calling Libo an “experienced painter,” has the hint of a joke to it, Libo’s answer is also meant to be a joke. SB) FRAT A Fee me “I can give you the horse that I drew.” KS When used as a resultative complement, the word “i” can also convey the mean- ing of completion. For example: ii €FBUJL , WF 573 , 5 Fee WLAE-2E Ap AFB ABE, He BART. D BLE A EAL BE EE? “Should we take the elevator upstairs now?” We have already learned the interrogative sentence “---,J& 75? ” in Lesson 10. The structure “42:4.” can be placed not only at the end of a sentence, but also at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. The meanings these different arrange- ments convey are basically the same. For example: WARRLBRT? ( = WER ART ER? ) RARMRMAE EET? ( = PUBE HBT ARIE? ) The affirmative answer to this kind of sentence can be “Jiiij”. The negative an- swer, however, needs to negate the part about which the question asks. For example, the negative answers of the above example sentences can respectively be: — HAR. (AR, ARR A EE -101-© FORTE MIE. “Let me tell you.” The structure “3€+V/VP” is commonly used in spoken Chinese. Here, the word “3” does not express concrete action, but rather the meaning of, “will do some- thing”. The structure with “3€” has the same meaning as that without “3€”. For ex- ample: RAPB—Fo (= RAF. ) MB RIKI C= Mpitiv. ) © ENieKwe. “They swim back and forth.” 1. RABRAA HIVE, 2. HAE (PAN) RARRA GD HERE? 3. PHGBELAZHKSG, 4. PHSRS—-HR-H? 5. PHS Ri HK, 6. REERKRBB-HEKPAS, TRPAGST SVT? 8. AN CAAT PED HBT, 1. FASE Maser the following phrases (1) SRAB AS 15] 28 — 4 Shik & R-H SRAB ASS 3] — 48 — HE SRL FH Ip YP AHR SRAR EHS BRIGHT HR HK SR IRR-A EA (2) BRI-PDEFT BRT Tae BARE T ET REFSITERT RR T TET RLET APPT MIKA ATT Pee RTA bat HET — al FP 9 BRI -BNUD (3) RRE-H RAM ARG AKASH ARTES BRA NE -102-4) BBE BARARE ER AWARE Ei ae ARB Mie MRR D Me Mase 5) BAAR LAAN BRASHR BARAR ERAAK ALAR BRALIN BLARR LRABR RRA 2. AJR Pattem drills 1) EAM ARAMA (HR )— Hew [OO aknanaieen, [HOE hw ILM BAL AR ILA QE LAMAR | RHA HB AT ABIL (a5) 2) ASFA IME HEEB? | A ABN kK be EMAAR MARK. ie wR ABE FH #8 REAP HARA AE — BIL, | RNa aN Hh RST RAR LEK HH BST 3) Marth A sea? t Ane | AGKS PHS, 8 eal REHEARSE PAS, # RR & ey (A) WR AMIE TB K wb il)? 6 haa | ME RRR BRT EAD at ca 45 Dap SRAM T tt To PRM T S Kay id T 2 3 1.5 ds ap(5) ABAD TRA? B JL BLAME. | ge RK MOBI SKA MMT T? | 3 27a REBT 50 PPM ATT. a & & ia (6) tRGAE) AAT S Ket ia] 72 RAT —AT. RARLIMARART? A 3 LAR Y LMAR te & Rm RMR FS (7) #AHAS RL? Ho BRK, % 2 RGB RE eee RE BTS hE RAEREERASARS ala AR AR BR oa | EDRE 54 (ql) 8 47 # (zixingché) | 3. DRIES Classroom activity (1) Divide the class into two groups (A and B). Group A chooses two items or things to ask group B about, “x §& y —#7\—##? ” Group B replies quickly and then chooses two other items or things to ask Group A about. -104—2) Ask your partner to identify the similarities and differences between the two characters in each of the following groups of words (key words: Z¢i% left side, Ai right side, BL meaning, E#% dUyin pronunciation). AMS Be CoRR Ded Ex 3) Take turns making up questions and answers with the following patterns; Q: tek TS Katia? A: RMT BAND Bt Q: METS Katia (a4)? AL RST at (ORF, 4. SGA Conversation exercises AIAFFSEM [A] Expressing the duration of time] 1) A: MRBRARAA SRP AFH, B: RRA, BSP (yuGn) we, 2 RET LA PRT? A B: A: HP PY IL? B: EA — Fab wt i), A B A B (2) Ar RM)BRT SYHT? : RRTITET. 2M BRET, (3) A: »4 1138 (pdobu)s& 7 $ Kata y 7 B: A: BRIT? B: #38—-AILe, URE Talking about hobbies] (1) A: thao Rar? B: RHR P Hay (shold), A: 2 B: RFTAMT. -105-(2) A: > De ak (yey) we Hal Ae ae EAE XP 1 REA, 2 ERA AR 8 (jiému)? : REKA RA. (EH Exchanging greetings ] (1) A: B: A: (2) A: Darr pep ARNT , MEI AT (yiqian)—#. ME RAST . Mere vi aipm (shou)— kL, AT, Aw NE (iGNFEI) T AAPRSEMAT? : RAT—-FT. : BELA EAH? : RAR, RARB—H. 2 WER ILM RAE AH? 2 IL RAR AI ABIL AR — FF, ERA AB ILA, [474] Saying good-bye] A: wr wm > Bie, RRALT. : BPR, HR-AIL, : AEA APL AAD ERS, 2 ER ILOR, : RIT : NEU, ARIULRRE ALEK,5. #HVLUE Describe the following pictures > a 6. 36584839 Communication practice (1) Talk about your hobbies with your friends to find out if you have any common interests. (2) Talk about your study or work experiences with your friends. (3) Discuss a picture or a movie with your friends and talk about your different opinions. OU. PHRASE Readir B ( Quan) BFLER BEF BANA NAY WEBAIBR GRAIG T BR ILA eR A(shéngq)), Alike FB BIL, AP SIMA RAR AR, RoR HASALIMPZA TAM ET ASA MHEG SILAS WRBET A {ik F A (QGngqin) ceMRLERT. MAMET DA sea 4M ERE GLARE, RARER EA A? RRA AMM BF (hdizi) sp SRA 49 de L427 -107-ERAS] HE (shidion) &, AR-AEARMF (jidoyu ) HF a4 8, ERRGRAMT ZA: -AR(MERT),-AR(RFRERE), BA-AR(FRERAERF). MCLABMERT HAT TRS + AOL. (Quandidn )—AsR—AR—FH, RE EB, LAER ABRFT, KAMARA KA, PAM BIRP ARH, RF RAF UR KALMS PMR, TREN FTES ASR; KARLAF FGIL, TREFEKS RA, FIL SP OKT FRAT A CK Ri PTL LL RR Do KMAMLF KAWE EIDE, TRL BUF ERRERF RA-PAAMM! a i 1 “Be (®)—#P” BARE Using “BR---(78)—FR” to make comparisons The comparative structure “fjl---—£” indicates that two things are the same, or similar. If they are different, the structure “Jf. 7S—#” is used. In a W/A-not-V/A question, the structure “—#¥75—#%” is used. Be o+ NP + (A) + —fR + A/SVO Predicate Subject — — — aR NP ] ] A/V O RK SR ABER A) hifié aR Hibs Pas aR ie Se bs AR oP ) —t HB i aR AREF (AR) RH Ke | REE aR RIB | aH $k Pas. If the central words of the two sides being compared are the same, the second central word may be omitted. -108-2. BYE#M# (2) The time-measure complement (2) In a sentence with a time-measure complement, if the particle “” is both after he verb and at the end of the sentence, it means that the action is still continuing. Compare the following: (&)G4BT WT. (I have been drawing for 11 years.) (The practice of drawing is still continuing.) (A)EBGT 1M, (have drawn for 11 years.) (This does not indicate whether or not the practice of drawing is continuing at present.) If the verb in a sentence with a time-measure complement takes an object, the ime-measure complement can also be placed between the verb and the object. The cle “If” can be inserted between the time-measure complement and the object. V + Time-measure complement + (ft) + 0 WE oF S Kat ig (45) AR? RE oF Heb at (45) AK te eT S Kati (4) RGB? & # 7 He (8) RB, Me aA T SKA (#4) GL 7? & aT AE at (4%) GIL TF, Note: If the object is a personal pronoun, it cannot be placed after the time-measure complement. We cannot say: @ “R%T—AV)n wth. ” 3. Ea) (2): RMLABRK Sentences with serial verb phrases (2); means or manner In the sentences with serial verb phrases in this lesson, the first verb usually ex- presses the means or manner that the action of the second verb performs. For exam- ple; RMR BH ERE RERERRALOE, BEALPAG PAS, AME A RBA -109-1. WF AIF (S) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) ‘The pictophonetic method (JE # Us): The majority of Chinese characters are “pictophonetic”. Most consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. ‘The pictophonetic characters fall into several categories: (1) Im its basic form, a pictophonetic character is constructed by placing the com- ponent indicating the sound on the right side and the component indicating the mean- ing on the left side. For example: 4,5 44, °,°@ 4k, HL, Be, 3k, 22,411, °m8, m ak, RAY AR A HE de A ETERS AE RIE AP PGK, 2. ASHAWF Learn and write basic Chinese characters ak 7 FFR yao young 4 strokes (2) “+ 7 3 s-4h dou (an object shaped like a cup or dipper) 4 strokes 3) & “Tk AG shi stone 5 strokes 4) & “TER shi a clan 4 strokes 3. ABUX' MMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #3 youhud (Gia ¥) wy +8 8 strokes BoO-+H 4+) 8 strokes -110-HF (ganzipang) 7 * 7 fF FF 2) RAY bu gdndang (KKH) Keo H+K 3) *8 chang Bowe +8 % (hizitouy ' * * yp? ee 4) 54 %% mamahocha Ro e+ hu 5) # fu te > P+ & (% SRR) 6) # ab %% XU Beihéng (#4) Ram Rt+A+—-+ Go aR + opts 7) & 4% didnt (eH) th > # + Hs 8) HX kai wanxido ROKK 9) HAE cailiao Moe +e a # + +} +h 7 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 6 strokes 8 strokes 12 strokes 10 strokes 12 strokes 11. strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 7 strokes 10 strokes -lll-(10) AR zhi (4K) B72 4+ K 7 strokes (1) # bu Ap —>F + P 5 strokes (12) & md BoS+t 15 strokes (13) 34 #% yOucdi # > aK +4 11 strokes (14) & pt Zo D+ du 4 strokes (15) 38 pao > F + 12 strokes (16) @ ta (48) Er r+ e 5 strokes (17) BU feng CR) Bl > JL + X 4 strokes (18) 3F xiG@ (3%) uP ke + OF 9 strokes -112-(19) i you WY + Rt KF + F 12 strokes (20) #44 Qi Bdishi (#4 4) Fm DM+e 6 strokes ately Traditional Chinese Painting A traditional Chinese painting is created using a special Chinese writing brush and ink, according to traditional Chinese painting techniques. It is very different from Western oil painting. Because of the tools and materials employed, traditional Chinese ater-and-ink painting” (Shuimohud, 7K Si) or “color- and-ink painting” (cGimohud, ¥8iH]), to distinguish it from oil painting, watercolor painting, and gouache. Depending on subject matter, much traditional Chinese painting could be called “ painting can be classified into three categories: figure painting, landscape painting, and flower-and-bird painting. In addition, many traditional Chinese painting methods fine, detailed brush work paintings” (gOngbi, 48), or “free hand paintings” (xiéyi, 3%). Traditional Chinese painting often finds spiritual sustenance from mountains, can be classified as either rivers, flowers, and birds, and it is through such images that painters express their feelings. Another essential aspect of much traditional Chinese painting is that it in spirit” (shénsi, }#4L.) and does not insist on “strict likeness in appearance” (xingsi, JE(Dl). The composition of a picture should rather emphasizes “liken de “between likeness and unlikeness.” Because the images and the composition of che traditional Chinese painting have to be subordinated to the requirement that the content should be expressed through the expression of the painter's spirit and iyricism, painters usually stress things that they want to represent and omit things that they do not want to represent. In this way, the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting developed the quality of being realistic, yet not depicting every aspect of reality. “13-