1 - NH - Dang ACAD 2012 Phan2D PDF

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1
Bi 1.
GII THIU V AUTOCAD
I. Gii thiu:
Trong thi i ngy nay, vic v k thut bng tay khng cn ph bin na (khng
c nng sut). Vic ng dng m y tnh v k thut l mt iu tt yu (tng nng sut
v, tnh linh hot, trao i thng tin d dng trong nhm thit k).
CAD l ch vit tt ca Computer Aided Design hoc Computer Aided Drafting
c ngha l phn mm tr gip thit k hoc v bng m y tnh. S dng cc ph n mm
CAD ta c th v cc bn v thit k 2 chiu, thit k m hnh ba chiu, tnh ton kt cu
bng phng php phn t hu hn.
Cc phn mm CAD c c im ni bt l:
- Chnh xc.
- Nng sut cao nh cc lnh sao chp.
- D dng trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc.
AutoCAD l mt p hn mm khng th thiu trong cc lnh vc c lin quan n V
k thut: C kh Xy dng Kin trc in Mi trng a chnh...
Chnh v kh nng ng dng rng ri m AutoCAD tr nn ph bin nht Vit Nam
hin nay so vi nhng phn mm v k thut khc v: gi r, a nng, t hn thin, d s
dng.
AutoCAD c nghin cu v pht trin bi hng AutoDesk, l m t trong nhng
phn mm V k thut ra i sm n ht. (1986).
Qua qu trnh pht trin khng ng ng, AutoCAD c nhiu phin bn:
+ R1R14
=> Th h th nht.
+ 2000, 2002,,2006
=> Th h th hai.
+ 20072009
=> Th h th ba.
+ 20102012
=> Th h th t. => Mt s ci tin vt bc.
AutoCAD 2012 ra i vo nm 2011, vi nh ng t nh nng mnh m , gip cc nh
thit k lm vic c hiu qu hn, s qun l cht ch bi cc rng buc, mt th vin
mi v vt liu m nhng thng s v vt liu c t h thay i d dng theo cc tiu
chun
II. Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD:
khi ng AutoCAD2012 ta chn biu tng v nhp p
phm tri chut. N u khng c biu tng ny ta vo Start/Program v
gi AutoCAD 2012.
III. Cc mi trng lm vi c trong AutoCAD 2012
Trong AutoCAD 2012 c 4 mi tr ng lm vic: 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D
Modeling, 3D Basics; AutoCAD Classic
i vi mi trng 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling v mi trng 3D
Basics thanh cng c c a ra ngoi, khng s dng Pulldown menu. Gip ng i
dng c ci nhn trc quan hn v cng vic s lm. Cc nt lnh c ch thch km theo,
c hnh nh minh ho, d dng hn cho ngi mi bt u lm quen vi AutoCAD.
i vi nhng ngi tng s dng AutoCAD ca nhng phin bn trc, vic
s dng AutoCAD 2012 s tr nn kh kh n do giao din mi, do bit c iu ny m
AutoDesk to thm mt mi trng na, l: AutoCAD Classic. Giao din ny hon
ton ging vi nhng phin bn tr c y, vi pulldown menu, vi cng c v c b
Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL
Webs ite: http:// aic.hcmu af.edu.vn/
-1 -
tr trn thanh cng c V quan trng hn c l nhng tnh nng m i nh Parametric,

MeshModeling, c cp nht thm vo.
IV. Mn hnh lm vic trong AutoCAD2012
Mn hnh lm vic trong CAD bao gm:
- Graphi cs Area: Vng ha l vng t a th hin bn v. Mu mn hnh ha
c nh bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options, Window Elements (Lnh Options).
- Cross - hair: Hai si tc theo phng trc X v trc Y giao nhau ti 1 im. T a
im giao nhau th hin cui mn hnh (hnh 1.1). Chiu di hai si t c c nh
bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options, Crosshair size.
- UCSicon: Biu tng h to ca ngi s dng (User Coordinate System
Icon) nm p ha gc tri cui m n hnh. T a c t h m hoc tt biu tng ny bng
lnh UCSicon.
- Status line: Dng trng thi AutoCAD 2012 nm p ha di vng ho. Ti y
hin th cc trng thi: gi tr ta (Coordinate values), cc trng thi v (Drawing
tools): (INFER, SNAP, G RID, ORTHO , POLAR, OSNAP, 3DOSNAP, OTRACK, D UCS,
DYN, LWT, TPY, QP, SC), xem nhanh t nh cht i tng, Model, Layout, iu
khin cc trng thi ny ta nhp phm tri chut vo biu t ng trng thi hoc dng
phm chc nng. Status line c th th hin dng Icon, hoc dng tn Status, ta chuyn
i bng cch Righ t click vo cc Status chn hoc b du check dng Use Icons.
Dng Icon:
Dng tn Status:
Ribbon
Cross hair
Graphic area
UCS icon
Command line
Status line
Hnh 1.1. Cu trc mn hnh ha

- To : AutoCAD 2012 cho to nm pha gc tri pha d i vng ho.
Hin ln to tuyt i ca con chy (giao im ca hai si tc).
Khi khng t hc hin cc lnh th to hin ln l to tuyt i, s u tin l
honh (trc X), s th hai l tung (trc Y).
-2 -
Khi ang t hc hin cc lnh v v hiu chnh th t a c th lm xut hin to cc

tng i bng cch nhn phm F6. Do , ta c th dng phm F6 tt m to hoc
chuyn t to tuyt i sang to cc tng i.
- Menu bar: Thanh ngang danh mc, nm pha trn vng ho. AutoCAD 2012
mc nh khng c thanh ny, lm xut hin n ta click tri chut vo
v tr
sau nh du vo mc Show Menu Bar c 13 tiu . M i

tiu cha m t nhm lnh ca AutoCAD. Cc tiu AutoCAD 2012: File, Edit, View,
Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, Parametric, Window, Help v Express.
- Command line: Dng lnh c t nht 2 dng pha di mn hnh ho. y l
ni nhp lnh hoc hin th cc dng nhc ca my (cn gi l dng nhc Prompt line).
Vng ny l vng m ta trc tip i t hoi vi my.
- Ribbon: Ribbon t ng hin th
khi bn m mt file, n bao gm cc bng
ch a t t c cc cng c cn thit to
bn v ca bn. Ribbon ch c mi
trng 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D
Modeling, 3D Basics.
- Pull- down menu: Danh mc ko xung, khi ta chn mt tiu s xut hin
mt danh m c ko xung. Ti danh mc ny ta c th gi cc lnh cn thc hin.
- Scroll bar: Thanh cun gm c: thanh bn phi ko mn hnh (vn bn v
ha) ln xung, thanh ngang pha di vng ha dng ko m n hnh t tri sang
phi hoc ng c li.
V. Cc phm tt gi lnh
F1
: Thc hin lnh Help.
F3 hay l Ctrl+F: Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (Running Osnap).
F5 hay Ctrl+E: Trong hp thoi Drafting Settings, trn trang Snap and Grid trong
chn Snap Type ta chn l Isometric Snap th phm ny dng chuyn t m t chiu trc
o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc.
F6 hay Ctrl+D: COORDS - ON/OFF Dng hin th ng to khi thay i v tr
trn mn hnh.
F7 hay Ctrl+G: GRID - ON/OFF Dng m hay tt m ng l i im (Grid).
F8 hay Ctrl+L: ORTHO - ON/OFF Khi th loi ny c m th ng thng lun l
ng thng ng hay nm ngang.
F9 hay Ctrl+B: SNAP ON/O FF Dng m hot t t SNAP.
F10
: Tt hay m dng trng thi (Status line).
Nt tri ca chut: Ch nh (Pick) mt im trn mn hnh, chn i tng hoc dng
chn lnh t (Screen Menu) hay Menu Bar (Pull Down Menu).
Nt phi ca chut: T ng ng vi phm Enter (khi khai bo Tools/ Options/ Us er
Preferences/ Right-click Customization)
Shift + nt phi ca chut: Lm xut hin bn danh sch cc phng thc truy bt
im. D anh sch ny gi l Curs or menu.
Ente r, Space bar: Kt thc lnh, kt thc vic n hp d liu hoc th c hin li mt lnh
trc .
Esc
: Hy b mt lnh hay mt x l ang tin hnh.
R (Redraw) : Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng nhng du + (Blip Mode) trong bn v.
-3 -
Up Arrow (mi tn hng ln): Gi li lnh thc hin trc ti dng Command v
kt hp vi Down Arrow (Mi tn hng xung). Lnh ny ch th c hin khi t a nhn
phm Enter.
Cc phm tt khc:
Ctrl + C
: Sao chp cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard.
Ctrl + X
: Ct cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard.
Ctrl + V
: Dn cc i tng c chn trong Clipboard vo bn v.
Ctrl + O
: Thc hin lnh Open.
Ctrl + N
: Thc hin lnh New.
Ctrl + S
: Thc hin lnh Qsave.
Ctrl + Z
: Thc hin lnh Undo.
Ctrl + Y
: Thc hin lnh Redo.
Ctrl + P
: Thc hin lnh Plot/Print.
Ctrl + A
: Tt m nhm cc i tng c chn bng lnh Group.
VI. Cc cch gi lnh:
Ta c ba cch gi lnh:
1. Type in: Nhp lnh t bn phm
2. Pull- down: Nhp lnh t Sub menu.
3. Toolbars: Nhp lnh t biu tng
4. Screen m enu: Nhp lnh t danh mc m n hnh
VII. H Trc To Trong AutoCAD
7.1. H to cc
H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton v ho, xc nh v tr c a cc
hnh hnh hc trong mt phng hoc khng gian ba chiu. Trong AutoCAD, khi t a dng
h to cc, nhp to vo bn v th ta nhp cc gi tr s ca honh , tung
nu t a ang v hai chiu (2D) v thm cao nu ta v thit k ba chiu (3D).
7.2. H to cc
To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong m t phng XY. To cc ch
nh khong cch 1 im so vi gc to (0,0) v gc so vi ng chun (trc X hoc
Y) tu ta t hit lp.
nhp to c c t a nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du b hn <.
7.3. Lnh UCSicon
Lnh UCSicon dng iu khin s hin th ca biu tng h to .
Command: UCSicon
Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/Origin/Properties]<ON>: (chn la chn)
Cc la chn
ON (OFF) M (t t) biu tng t o trn mn hnh.
All th hin biu t ng to trn mi khung nhn.
Noorigin biu tng to ch xut
hin ti gc tri pha di mn hnh.
O rigin biu tng lun lun di chuyn
theo gc to .
Properties lm xut hin hp thoi
UCS Icon. Trn hp thoi ny ta gn cc
tnh cht hin th ca biu tng to .

-4 -
VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng:

Khi bt u thc hin mt bn v t a lun th c hin cc b c chun b nh : t l
bn v (Scale), nh n v (Units), gii hn bn v (Limit v Zoom All), to lp (Layer),
gn mu v dng ng cho lp (Color v Linetype), nh t l dng ng (Ltscale), cc
bin kch thc (Dimvariables), kiu ch (Text Style), bng tn v.v
gim bt thi gian chun b cho mt bn v, tt c cc b c trn ta thc hin
mt ln v ghi li trong mt th mc bn v gi l bn v mu (Template Drawing).
Trong AutoCAD 2012 c sn cc bn v mu theo ANSI (Tiu chun M), DIN (Tiu
chun c), JIS (Tiu chun Nht Bn), ISO (Tiu chun quc t).
8.1 To bn v mi (Lnh New):
Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in
Toolbars
File/New
File/New
New hoc Ctr+N
Standard
Command: New.
Xut hin hp thoi: Select
Template.
Chn acadiso.dwt.
Khi chn acadiso.dwt th n v v
l mm.
8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawi ng Limits):

Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in Toolbars
Format/Drawing Limits FORMAT/ Limits
Limits
Lnh Limits xc nh kch th c vng ha bng cch nh cc im gc tri
pha d i (Lower Left Corner) v gc phi pha trn (Upper Right Corner) bng ta
X,Y.
Command: '_limits .
Reset M odel space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0.
Specify upper r ight corner <420.0000,297.0000>:.
Cc chn la:
- ON: Khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh. Nu ta v ra
ngoi gii hn s xut hin dng nhc **Outside limits.
- OFF: Cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn nh.
- Lower left corner: Gc di pha tri.
- Upper right corner: Gc phi pha trn.
8.3 nh n v bn v ( Lnh Units):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
Format/Units
Format/Ddunits Units hay Ddunits
Command: Units .
Xut hin hp thoi DrawingUnits.
Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. T heo tiu chun
Vit Nam Length nn chn Decimal v Angle nn chn Decimal degrees. Cp chnh xc
(Precision) chn 0.
-5 -
Hng gc m cng chiu kim ng h. Nu khng chn th chiu dng ca gc

l ngc chiu kim ng h.
Direction : Chn ng chun v h ng o gc, khi chn s xut hin hp
thoi Dire ction Control.
8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup)

Lnh M VSETU P dng thit lp trong khng gian m hnh v khng gian phng.
S dng lnh ny ta c th nh n v, t l v gii hn bn v v chn ng vin vo
bn v y l m t ch ng trnh c vit bng ngn ng AutoLisp.
Command: mvsetup.
Initializing...
Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>:
Enter units type [Scientific/ Decimal/ Engineering/ Architectural/ Metric]: M
(Chn h n v thp phn).
Enter the scale factor: G vo t l
mun chn (Ch cn g vo mu s,
AutoCAD ngm hiu t s l 1).
Enter the paper width: G vo chiu
rng bn v .
Enter the paper height: G vo
chiu cao bn v .
AutoCAD s xut hin mt bn v c
khung bn v hnh ch nht bao quanh gii
hn bn v.
Ty vo t l bn v, nh cc bin Ltscale (T l dng ng), Dimscale (T l
dng ng kch thc) tng ng. Sau v khung tn cho bn v.
8.5 Lnh O rtho:
Lnh Ortho thit lp ch v line theo phng X v Y.
Menu bar Nhp lnh
Phm tt
Ortho
F8 hoc Ctrl+L
Command: Ortho .
Enter mode [ON/O FF] <OFF>: Chn la chn.

-6 -
8.6 Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh O ptions):

Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in
Tools/options
Tools/Options Options
Khi mn hnh thc hin lnh Options xut hin hp thoi Options v nhiu la
chn khc nhau. Sau y gii thiu mt s thit lp mi tr ng v.
Trang Dislay:
+ thay i mu, font ch ca mn hnh ho ta chn nt color hoc font, khi
s xut hin cc hp thoi t ng ng.
+ Thay i di hai si tc theo phng X, Y ta iu chnh thanh tr t
Crosshair size.
+ iu chnh phn gii m n hnh ti Display resolution.
Trang Open and save:

Sav e as: Chn phin bn AutoCAD lu bn v.
Automatic sav e: M y t ng save li sau thi gian t chn.
Trang U ser Preferences:
Chn hoc khng chn hin th Shortcut menu trn ho bng cch chn vo
shortcut menu in drawing area.
Chn Right click Customization qui nh chut phi.
Trang D rafting:
Cc l a chn ti ct Autosnap settings:
+ Marker: M hoc tt khung hnh k hiu im truy bt.
-7 -
+ Magnet: M hoc tt ch Magnet.

+ Display AutoSnap Tooltip: Kim tra s hin th ca ch gii cng c
AutoSnap.
+ Display AutoSnap Aperture Box: Kim tra s hin t h ca vung bt
im (AutoSnap Aperture Box).
AutoSnap Mark er Color: Ch nh mu cho AutoSnap Marker.
AutoSnap Mark er size: Gn kch th c khi hin th cho AutoSnap Mark er.
Aperture size: Gn ln ca vung truy bt.
Trang Sel ection:

iu chnh ln nh ca con chy bng cch ko thanh tr t Pickbox size.
Thay i ln v m u ca Grid ti ca s Grid.

-8 -
Bi 2.
LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM
I. Khi nim v Laye r
Trong bn v A utoCAD, cc i t ng c cng ch c
nng s c nhm thnh m t lp layer, layer l mt mt
phng trong sut ch a cc i tng c cng ch c nng,
dng t ch c v qun l chng trong bn v .
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi c c tnh cht sau:

Tn Lp: name; Dng ng: linetype; Mu: color; Chiu rng nt: lineweight
1.2. ngha ca vic to layer:
Khi to lay er s cho chng ta in mt cch d dng bi khi ta gn mt layer n c y
cc tnh nng khi in m t bn v nu qun l tt v lay er cho ta thy c tnh thm
m ca bn v v tc phong lm vic ca ng i thit k, trong mt bn v vic to nhiu
layer s lm cho vic thit k cc chi tit phc tp s tr nn d dng v n gin hn.
II. S dng Laye r trong bn v
2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp
Cch G i Lnh:
Comm and: la
Format\ Layer
2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp
Tt\ m (O FF \ O N): Khi m t lp c tt th cc i tng nm trn lp khng hin
ln mn hnh. Cc i t ng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nh ti dng
nhc Select objects. ca lnh hiu chnh (Eras e, Move, Copy) ta dng la chn All
chn i tng.
ng bng\ tan bng (Freeze\ Thaw): Cc i t ng ca lp ng bng khng xut
hin trn m n hnh v ta khng t h hiu chnh cc i tng ny k c la chn All. Lp
hin hnh khng th ng bng.
Kha v m kha (Lock\ Unlock): i t ng ca lp b kha s khng hiu chnh c,
tuy nhin ta vn thy trn m n hnh v c th in chng c. Ta khng th chuy n cc
i tng sang lp b kha.
Hnh 2.1 H p thoi Layer Propeties Maneger

-9 -
III Cc ch truy bt im
3.1. Ch Truy Bt im Tm Tr
Cch 1: Dng t hp phm SHIFT + R ight Click xut hin sub menu truy bt im:
Mt s phng thc truy bt im trn i tng
thng dng:
CENter: im t m
ENDpoint: im cui
MIDpoint: im gia
INTe rsection: im Giao
Q UAdrant: im phn t ng trn
PERpendicular: im vung gc
TANgent: im tip tuyn
Mid Between 2 Points: im gi a ca 2 im
Cch 2: Nhn lnh t t: 3 ch u ca

truy bt im.
3.2. Ch truy bt im thng tr
mc nh ch truy bt im thng
tr ta vo Tool/ Drafting Settings/ Chn tab
Object Snap, hoc bm phm phi chut
vo OSNAP, chn Settings. Xut hin
hp thoi Drafting Settings, tab Object
Snap, ta nh du vo cc ch truy bt
im thng dng.
Hnh 2.2 Hp thoi truy bt im

IV. Cc phng php nhp ta im
Cch 1: dng phm nhp bng cch click tri chut.
Cch 2: dng to tuy t i: to ca im c xc nh t 0(0,0)
+ Nhp to (X,Y) ca im theo gc O (0,0).
+ Nhp to (D<) ca im theo gc O (0,0)
Cch 3: dng to tng i: d a trn im nhp cui cng trn bn v.
+ Nhp to (@X,Y) ta X,Y ca im mi theo im nhp cui cng.
+ Nhp to (@D<) ta c c ca im mi so vi im nhp cui cng.
Cch 4: Nhp theo khong cch. Khi ch ORTHO l ON (mt ta bng 0), ta
dng Cursor nh hng, nhp khong cch ca i tng cn v v nhn Enter kt
thc.
- 10 -
V. Vn chn i tng
5.1/ Pickbox
S dng chn, mi ln ta ch chn c 1 i tng. Ti dng nhc Select
object xut hin vung, ko i tng ny giao vi i tng cn chn v nhp chut
tri.
5.2/ Auto
Ti dng nhc Select object t a chn hai im xc nh khung c a s. Nu
im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i tng no nm trong khung
ca s mi c chn (t ng t cch chn Window). Nu im u tin bn phi, im
th hai bn tri th nhng i tng no nm trong v giao vi khung c a s s c
chn (tng t cch chn Crossing Window).
Auto (Crossing)
Auto (W indow)
5.3/ Window
S dng khung ca s la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta
nhp W. Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i tng no nm
trong k hung c a s s c chn.
5.4/ Crossing Window
S dng ca s ct chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta nhp C.
Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung c a s, nhng i tng no nm trong hoc
giaovi khung ca s s c chn.
Crossing W indow
Window
5.5/ Fence
La chn ny cho php nh cc im to mt ng ct bao gm nhiu phn
on, i tng no giao vi ng ct ny s c chn. Ti dng nhc Select object
ta nhp F.
VI. Ghi bn v thnh file.
6.1. Lnh Save:
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
File/Save
File/Save
Sav e or Ctr+S
Standard
Command: Sav e .
Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh m t tp tin c t tn.

- 11 -
6.2. Lnh Save As

Pull- down menu
Screen menu
File/Save as
File/Save as
Command: Sav e as .
Xut hin hp thoi: Save Drawing As.
Lnh Save As dng ghi bn
v hin hnh vi 1 tn khc hay t tn
ln u tin cho bn v (lc cha c
t tn, bn v c tn tm thi l
Drawing), cc b c thc hin nh sau:
Chn ng dn trong Save
in, t t n trong File Name, Chn
phin bn AutoCAD trong : Files of
As Type.
Type in
Sav e as
Toolbars
VII. Hu b lnh c thc hin (Lnh Undo, U):

Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Edit/ Undo
Edit/ Undo
Undo,Uhay Ctrl+Z
Tool bars
Standard
Command: Undo .
Lnh Undo dng hu b ln l t cc lnh th c hin tr c trn bn v hin
hnh.
VIII. Lnh re do:
Pull- down menu
Edit/ Redo
Screen menu
Edit/ Redo
Type in
Redo hay Ctrl+Y
Toolbars
Standard
Command: Redo .
Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi m t lnh va hy tr c
.

- 12 -
Bi 3.
CC LNH V C BN
I. Lnh Line:
Cng dng: Dng v ng thng.
Cch gi lnh
Ri bbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/Draw panel/ Line
Draw/ Line
Line hay L
Draw
Dng lnh:
Command: line
Specify firs t point: Chn im u ng thng
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo ca ng thng.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc ent er kt thc
lnh
Specify next point or [Close/Undo](khi v c trn ba im): chn
hoc g im t ip theo.
G U : Hy b phn on va v.
G C : ng kn bin dng bng ng thng.
II. Lnh Circle
Cng dng: dng v hnh trn.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Toolbars
Home tab/Draw panel/ Circle Draw/ Circle/ Circle hay C Draw
drop down/ Chn cch v
Chn cch v
Dng lnh:
Command: C (hay Circle) .
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn t m ng
trn hay chn cc la chn.
Specify radius of circle or (Diameter): Nhp bn knh ng trn hoc Nhp D
nhp ng knh.
Cc chn la:
3P: V ng trn qua ba im.
2P: V ng trn qua 2 im.
Ttr: V ng trn qua 2 im tip tuyn v bn knh.
Tan, tan, tan: V ng trn qua 3 im t ip tuyn.
III. Lnh Polygon
Cng dng: Dng v hnh a gic u.
Cch gi lnh
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Toolbars
Home tab/ Draw panel/ Rectange Draw/ Polygon Polygon hay Pol Draw
drop down/ Polygon
Dng lnh
C ba cch v a gic u trong AutoCAD 2012
1/ a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribe d about Circle):
Khi cho tr c bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm vng trn n
trung im mt cnh).
- 13 -
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:
Nhp C v theo a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ni t ip.
2/ a gic ni tip ng trn (Inscri be d in ci rcle):
Khi cho tr c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ( khong cch t tm vng trn n
nh a gic).
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:
Nhp I
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip.
3/ Nhp ta mt cnh ca a gic (Edge ):
Khi cho tr c chiu di m t cnh ca a gic u.
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp E v theo cnh.
First Ending of Edge: nh im u.
Second Endpoint of Edge: nh im th 2.
V Polygon l 1 a tuyn nn ta c th dng Pedit hiu chnh hay dng Explode
ph v chng thnh nhng i t ng n.
IV. Lnh Rectang
Cng dng: dng v hnh ch nht.
Cch gi lnh:
Ri bbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Draw
panel/ Draw/ Rectangle Rectangle hay Rec Draw
Rectangle drop down/ Rectangle
Dng lnh
Command: rectang .
Specify firs t corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Cc la chn:
Ti dng nhc: Specify firs t corner point or
Chamfer/Elev ation/Fillet/Thick ness/Width]
G C (Chamfer) : vt 4 nh hnh ch nht.
G F (Fillet) : Bo trn 4 nh ca hnh ch nht.
G E (Elevation): nh cao ca hnh ch nht.
G T (Thickness): nh dy ca hnh ch nht.
G W (Width): nh chiu di nt v cnh ca hnh ch nht.

- 14 -
Bi 4.
CC LNH V HNH (tt)
I. Lnh Xline
Cng dng: v ng dng hnh l ng thng c di v hn.
Cch gi lnh
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Toolbars
Draw/
Xline
hay
Xl
Draw
Home tab/ Draw panel/
/
Construction line
Construction Line
Dng lnh:
Command: xline
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn 1 im hoc chn cc la
chn.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua hoc enter kt thc lnh.
Cc chn la:
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: L a chn mc nh dng xc
nh im th nht m X Line s i qua. Ti dng nhc Specify through point:
xut hin sau c th chn thm mt im bt k hoc dng cc phng thc
truy bt im.
- Hor: T o xline nm ngang
- Ver: T o xline thng ng
- Ang: T o xline hp vi ng trc x 1 gc.
Reference/<Enter angle ()>: Nhp gc hoc la chn R la chn ng tham
chiu.
Nu ta p R ti dng nhc
* Select a line object: Chn ng tham chiu.
* Enter Angle: Chn gc vi ng tham chiu.
* Specify through point: Chn im i qua ca xline
- Bisect: To X Line i qua phn gic mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u
tin xc nh nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc.
- Offset: To X Line song song vi mt ng c sn (tng t lnh Offset):
Offset distance or through: Nhp khong cch hay chn T.
Select a line object: Chn i t ng m X Line s song song.
Side to Offset: X Line nm v pha no ca i t ng c chn.
Select a line object: T ip tc chn i hoc En ter kt thc lnh.
II. Lnh Arc
Cng dng: dng v cung trn.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Toolbars
Home tab/ Draw panel/Arc drop Draw/ Arc/ Cc Arc hay A
Draw
down/ Chn cc ph ng thc v phng thc v
Dng lnh:
v m t cung trn chng t a c nhiu cch

- 15 -
Center
St art point
End
ARC
Second Point
Center
St art
Angle (m c nh gc d ng)
Lengt h of Chord
End point
Angle
Direction
Radius
Center point
End Point
Angle
Lengt h of Chord
End point
III. Lnh Pline

Cng dng:
Lnh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c im
ni bt sau:
1/ Lnh Pline to cc i tng c chiu rng Width, cn Line th khng.
2/ Cc phn on Pline lin kt thnh i tng duy nht, cn Line cc phn on
l cc i t ng n.
3/ Lnh Pline to nn cc phn on v cc on thng hay cung trn Arc.
Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn o n l on thng v cun g trn l s kt hp gia
lnh Line v Arc.
Cch gi lnh
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Toolbars
Home tab/ Draw panel/Pline
Draw/ Pline
Pline hay Pl
Draw
Dng lnh
Command:pline.
Specify start point: Chn im u.
Curr ent line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip theo
hoc chn cc la chn.
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth /Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip
theo hoc chn cc la chn.
1/ Ch v on thng:
Cc chn la:
Close: ng Pline bi m t on thng.
Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v:
* Starting Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy u phn on
* Ending Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy cui phn on.
Length: V tip mt phn on c ph ng chiu nh on thng trc .
Undo: Hy b phn on v a v.
Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v (thao t c tn ng t lnh Half W idth).
2/ Ch v cung trn:
- 16 -
Cc chn la:
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tng t nh ch v on t hng.
Angle: Tng t lnh ARC khi t a nhp A s c dng nhc.
* Included angle: Nhp gi tr gc t m.
* Center/Radius/<endpoint>: Chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh.
Center:T ng t nh lnh ARC khi nhp CE s c dng nhc:
* Center point: Nhp ta t m.
* Angle/Length/<End point>:
Close: ng Pline bi mt cung trn.
Direction: nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung. Khi ta
nhp D s xut hin dng nhc:
* Direction From Starting Point: Nhp gc hay chn h ng.
* End point: Nhp ta im cui.
Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, khi ta p R s xut hin dng nhc:
* Radius: Nhp gi tr bn knh.
* Angle/<End Point>: Nhp im cui.
Second pt: Nhp to im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i
qua 3 im. Khi ta p S s c dng nhc:
* Second point: Nhp im t h hai.
* End Point: Nhp im cui.
Line: Tr v ch v on thng.Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Secondpt/Undo/W idth]:
Nu ti dng nhc v cung ca a tuyn ta nhp ta im cui (hay chn, truy bt
im) th ta s c mt cung trn tip xc vi phn on trc .
IV. Lnh S pline
Cng dng:
Lnh Spline dng v ng cong NU RBS
(Non Unifom Rational Bezier Spline). Lnh Spline c
th to cc ng cong c bit nh: Arc, Circle,
Ellipse
Fit point
ng Spline ny khc vi Pline Spline
(ng Spline to t a tuyn Pline vi la chn
Spline ca lnh Pedit). ng Spline s i qua tt c
cc im m ta chn, cn ng Pline Spline c Control Vertice
ko v cc nh a tuyn. Do , ta dng lnh Spline
to ng cong chnh xc hn Pline.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Draw/ Spline/ Fit Spline hay Spl
Draw
Home tab/ Draw panel/
/Spline points hoc Control
Fit hay Spline CV
Vertices
Dng lnh
Ty thuc vo bn t o spline vi fit points hoc vi control vertices m dng nhc
s xut hin:
Vi Spline to vi Fit points:
- 17 -
Specify first point or [Method/Degree/Object]:

Vi Spline to vi Control Vertices:
Specify first point or [Method/Knots/Object]:
First point: Xc nh im u ca Spline, n c th l l im Fit point hoc
Control point ph thuc vo phng php v hin hnh.
Method: L a chn phng php v Sp line, g F v Fit point, g CV v
control point.
Object: Chuyn 2D hoc 3D poly line bc 2 hoc bc 3 v sp line tng ng.
Next point: Xc nh im tip th eo ca Sp line.
Undo: hy b nh v a v.
Close: ng spline.
Cc la chn cho Spline v i Fit Points:
Knots: Ch nh tham s nt, mt trong nhng phng php xc nh ng cong
thnh phn gia cc fit points ni m spline c un.
Chord (or Chord-Length method): khong cch nhng nt kt ni mi
ng cong thnh phn t l thun vi mi cp lin kt ca cc im ph hp.
Square Root (or Centripetal method): khong cch nh ng nt kt ni mi
ng cong thnh phn t l thun vi cn bc hai ca k hong cch gia hai im
ph hp.
Uniform (or Equidistant method): khong cch gia cc im nt bng
nhau bt k khong cch gia cc im ph hp.
start Tangency: X c nh tip tuyn vi im u ca Spline.
end Tangency: Xc nh tip tuyn vi im cui ca Spline.
Tol erance: Xc nh khong sai lch ca Spline so vi im la chn.
Cc la chn cho Spline v i Fit Points:

Degree: Xc nh bc ca Spline, ti a l 10. V d bc 1: ng thng, bc 2:
parabol, bc 3 ng cong bc 3,
V. Lnh Ellipse
Cng dng: dng v Elip
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Draw panel/ Ellipse Draw/
Ellipse/ Ellipse hay El
Draw
drop down/ Chn cch v Ellipse
Cch v Ellipse
Dng lnh
C H ai Cch V Elip
Cch 1: V theo tm Elip
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [ arc/center]: C.
specify center of axis: Nhp im tm elip
specify endpoint of axis: Nhp na trc 1 ca elip.
specify distance to other axis or [rotation ]: Nhp chiu di na trc cn li.
Cch 2: V theo trc elip.
- 18 -
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chn 1 im ca trc elip.

Specify other endpoint of axis: Chn im th 2 ca trc elip
Specify distance to other axis or [Ro tation]: Nhp chiu di n a trc cn li.
V Cung ellipse:
Command: Ellipse .
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a.
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp ta hoc chn
im cui 1 ca trc th nht.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Nhp ta hoc chn im cui 2 ca trc
th nht.
Specify distance to other axis or [Ro tation]: Khong cch na trc th hai.
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chn im 1 hay nhp gi tr gc - y
l gc gia trc t a v a nh vi ng thng t tm n im u cung.
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chn im 1 hay nhp
gi tr gc - y l gc gia trc t a va nh vi ng thng t t m n
im cui cung.
Ch : Nu ch Snap ang trng thi Isometric th lnh ellipse c thm la
chn Isocircle cho php ta v ng trn trong hnh chiu trc o (bin thnh Ellipse).
X. Cc lnh v im:
10.1. Lnh Point
Cng dng: Dng v im
Cch gi lnh:
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Toolbars
Home tab/ Draw panel/ / Point Draw/ Point/ Single point Point hay Po Draw
hay Multiple points
drop down/ Multiple points
Specify a point: Nhp im cn v.
10.2. Lnh Divide:
Cng dng: Chia i tng thnh cc on bng nhau.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Point/ Divide hay Div
Draw
Home tab/ Draw panel/ / Divide Draw/
Divide
Dng lnh:
Command: divide.
Select object to divide: Chn i t ng cn chia.
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: Nhp s on cn chia.
10.3. Lnh Measure:
Cng dng: Chia i tng thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Draw panel/ Measure
Draw/
Point/ Measure hay Me
Draw
Measure
Dng lnh:
Command: measure.
Select object to measure: Chn i tng cn chia.
Specify length of segment or [Block] : Nhp chiu di on chia.
- 19 -
VIII. Lnh Point Style:

Cng dng: hiu chnh cch th hin im
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Home tab/ Hom e tab/ Utilities Format/ Point Style Ddptyle
panel / Point Style
Dng lnh
Command: DDPTYPE
Xut hin hp thoi Point Style. Ta
chn hnh dng im cn hin th

- 20 -
Tool bars
Bi 5.
CC LNH HIU CHNH

I. Lnh Erase
Cng dng: Dng xa i t ng.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Erase
Modify/ Erase
Erase hay E
Modify
Dng lnh:
Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng ta chn, thng th ng sau khi dng lnh
Erase ta th c hin lnh Redraw (R) lm sch bn v.
Command: erase .
Select objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa hoc chm dt chn i tng).
II. Lnh Copy
Cng dng: Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng
tnh t in v sp xp chng theo v tr xc nh.
Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dn g sao chp nhi u bn t nhm
cc i tn g c chn.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Copy
Modify/ Copy
Copy hay Co, Cp Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: COPY
Select objects: (Chn i t ng cn Copy).
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn copy hoc chm dt chn i t ng)
Specify base p oint or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: Chn im chun
hoc cc la chn.
Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: Chn im n
hoc l a chn Array.
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Chn im tip theo hoc la
cc la chn.
Cc la chn:
- Displacement: nh khong cch gia 2 i tng copy.
- mOde: iu khin ch lp li
o Single: To 1 i tng copy sau kt thc lnh.
o Multiple: Copy nhiu i tng.
- Array: To dy i tng Copy theo ng thng.
o Number of Items to Array: S i tng copy, bao gm c i tng
gc.
o Second Point: nh khong cch gia 2 i t ng tnh t im chun.
o Fit: nh tng khong cch array
- Exit:Thot lnh
- Undo: Hy b i tng v a copy.
- 21 -
III. Lnh Mirror

Cng dng: Dng i x ng i tng qua mt trc.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Mirror
Modify/ Mirror
Mirror hay M i
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: Mirror .
Select object: Chn i tng i xng
Select object: Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc.
Specify firs t point of mirr or line: Chn im u ca trc i xng.
Specify second point of mirror line: Chn im t h 2 ca trc i xng.
Delete source object ? (Yes , No) <N>: Xa i tng mu hay khng?
IV. Lnh O ffset:
Cng dng: T o ra nhng ng trn ng tm, ng thng song song,
v nhng ng cong song song.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/Offset
Modify/ Offset
Offset hay O
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: OFFSET
Curr ent settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <5.0000>: X c nh khong cch
Offset hay chn cc la chn
Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Chn i t ng Offset hay chn cc
la chn.
Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: nh im t i
tng.
Cc la chn:
- Through: nh im m i tng offset s i qua.
- Erase:
Xa i t ng gc (Yes) hay khng (No)
- Layer:
Chn layer cho i tng to ra: theo i tng gc (Source); hoc
theo layer hin hnh (Current).
- Exit:
Thot lnh Offset
- Multi ple: Lp li offset vi khong cch hin hnh.
- Undo:
Hy b i tng v a to ra.
V. Lnh Move
Cng dng: Dng di chuyn i t ng.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Move
Modify/ Move
Move hay M
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: Move .
Select Objects: Chn i tng
Select Objects: Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point or displacement: Nhp im chun
Second Point or displacement: Nhp im di i.
- 22 -
VI. Lnh Trim

Cng dng: Dng xn i tng
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/Tr im and Modify/ Trim
Trim hay Tr
Modify
Extend drop down/ Tr im
Dng lnh:
Command: Trim .
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i t ng gii hn v nhn enter.
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/ Crossing/ Project/ Edge/
eRase/ Undo]: Chn phn b i
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/ Crossing/ Project/ Edge/
eRase/ Undo]: Chn phn b i.
VII. L nh Extend
Cng dng: Dng ko di i t ng n mt i tng khc.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/Tr im and Modify/ Extend
Extend hay Ex
Modify
Extend drop down/ Extend
Dng lnh:
Command: Extend .
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i t ng gii hn cn ko n.
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:
Chn phn cn ko dn ra..

- 23 -
Bi 6.
CC LNH HIU CHNH (tt)

I. Lnh Array
Lnh Array dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht
(Rectangular), dy sp xp theo mt ng dn (Path) hay sp xp chung quanh t m
(Polar).
Command: Arr ay .
Select objects: Chn i t ng.
Enter array type [Rectangular/PAth/POlar] <Rectangular>: Chn cc la chn.
a. Rectangular Array:
Cch gi lnh
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Toolbars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Modify/
Arr ay/ Arrayrect Modify
Array drop down
Rectangular Arra y
Dng lnh:
Command: arrayrect
Select objects: Chn i tng
Select objects: Chn i tng hoc nhn Enter.
Specify opposite corner for number of items or [Base point/Angle/Count]
<Count>: Chn m t la chn hoc nhn Enter.
Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/ Base point/ Rows/ Columns/ Levels/ eXit]
<eXit>: Chn mt la chn hoc nhn Enter.
Items: Xc nh s lng i t ng Array. S dng con tr chut xc nh mt
im t xc nh s lng i tng array.
Count: Xc nh s hng v s ct.
Space Items: S dng con tr chut xc nh mt im t xc nh khong
cch hng v ct ca cc i tng array.
Spacing: X c nh khong cch hng v ct.
Base point: Xc nh im chun cho i tng Array.
Key point: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block.
Angle: Xc nh gc ca hn g array.
Asso ciative: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no).
Rows: s hng v khong cch gia cc hng.
Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng thc hoc mt
phng trnh ton.
Total: tng khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui.
Columns: s ct v khong cch gia cc ct.
Levels: S lp v khong cch gi a cc lp.
Exit: Th ot lnh.
b. Pol ar Array
Cch gi lnh
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Toolbars
Arr ay/ Arraypolar Modify
Array drop down
Polar Array

- 24 -
Dng lnh:
Command: Arr aypolar
Select objects: Chn i tng cn array.
Specify center point of array or [Base point/ Axis of rotation]: Xc nh t m array
hoc chn cc la chn.
Enter number of items or [Angle between/ Expression] <last count>: Xc nh i
tng array hoc chn cc la chn
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) or [Expression]: Nhp gc lp y hoc
cc la chn.
Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/ Base point/ Items/ Angle between/ Fill
angle/ ROWs/ Levels/ ROTate items/ eXit]<eXit>: Nhn Enter kt thc hoc chn cc
la chn.
Center point: xc nh tm ca polararray. Trc xoay l tr c Z ca UCS hin
hnh.
Base point: nh im chun ca Array.
Keypoint: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block.
Axis of rotation: nh trc xoay bng cch nh 2 im.
Items: nh s lng i tng array.
Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng th c hoc mt
phng trnh ton
Angle Between: nh gc gia hai i tng
Fill Angle: nh gc lp y.
Asso ciative: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no).
Rows: chnh s hng v khong cch v cao gia tng gia chng.
Total: nh khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui.
Levels: nh s lp v khong cch gia cc lp.
Rotate Items: quay i tng khi sao chp hay khng?
c. Path Array
Cch gi lnh
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Toolbars
Arr ay/ Arraypath Modify
Array drop down
Path Array
Dng lnh
Command: arraypath.
Select objects: Chn i tng
Select path curve: Chn ng dn.
Enter number of items along path or [Orientation/Expression] <Orientation>: nhp
s i tng hoc chn cc la chn.
Specify base point or [Key point] <end of path curv e>: nh im chun hoc chn
cc la chn.
Specify direction to align with path or [2Points/Norm al] <current>:Nhn Enter hay
chn cc la chn.
Specify the distance between items along path or [Divide/Total/Expression] <Divide
evenly along path>: nh khong cch hoc chn cc la chn.
Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/Base point/Items/Rows/Levels/Align items/Z
direction/eXit]<eXit>: Nhn Ent er hay chn cc la chn.
- 25 -
Path curve : chn i t ng lm ng dn, i tng ny c th l: line, polyline,

3D polyline, spline, helix, arc, circle, hoc ellipse.
Number of Items: nhp s l ng i tng.
Orientation: iu khin cc i tng c chn l nh h ng li ng dn,
trc khi chuyn n im u ca ng dn.
2 points: xc nh 2 im xc nh hng ca ng dn.
Normal: i t ng c chn l php tuyn vi chiu ban u ca ng
dn.
Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng th c hoc mt p hng
trnh ton.
Base point: nh im chun ca Array.
Keypoint: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block.
Distance Between Items: nh khong cch gi a hai i tng.
Divide: chia i t ng dc theo chiu di ng dn.
Total: nh khong cch gia i tng u v cui.
Associati ve: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no).
Items: hiu chnh s lng i tng array.
Rows: chnh s hng v khong cch v cao gia tng gi a chng.
Total: nh khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui.
Levels: nh s lp v khong cch gia cc lp.
Align Items: Sp xp cc i t ng tip xc vi h ng ng dn.
Z Direction: iu khin vic duy tr trc Z hoc khong cch t nhin gia i tng
dc theo 1 ng dn 3D.
IV. Lnh Rotate
Cng dng: Dng xoay i tng quanh m t im.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Rotate
Modify/ Rotate
Rotate hay Ro
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: Rotate .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay) .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay hoc chm dt chn i t ng).
Base Point: (Chn im chun quay).
<Rotation angle>/Preference: (Nhp gc cn xoay).
V. Lnh Scale
Cng dng: Phng t o hoc thu nh i t ng
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Scale
Modify/ Scale
Scale hay Sc
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: Scale .
Select Objects: Chn i tng cn thay i.
Select Objects: Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point: Chn im chun iu chnh t l.
<Scale Factor>/ Reference: (Nhp gi tr t l, gi tr ny c th nh hn 1 hay
ln hn 1 ty theo mun phng to hay thu nh).
- 26 -
VI. Lnh Stre tch

Cng dng: Di v ko gin i t ng.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/ Stretch
Modify/ Stretch
Scale hay S
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: Stretch.
Select objects: Chn phn cn di v ko gin i tng. Ta chn i tng kiu
Crossing W indow, cc i tng nm hon ton trong vng chn s c di i, cc
i tng giao vi vng chn s c ko dn ra.
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacem ent>: nh im chun.
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: nh im ko n.
VII. L nh Break
Cng dng: Ct i tng c chn gi a hai im.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Break hay Br
Modify
Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Break Modify/ Break
Dng lnh:
Command: Break .
Select object: Chn i tng cn ct ta.
Specify second break point or [Firs t point]: Chn im th 2 ca on b i.
AutoCAD mc nh im th nht l im ta click chut ban u. C th nhn F
nh li im th nht.
VIII. Lnh Break at Point
Cng dng: Dng tch mt i t ng h thnh 2 i tng c lp.
im t ch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Break hay Br
Modify
Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Break Modify/ Break
at Point
Dng lnh:
Command: break
Select object:chn i t ng c on m ta mun xn t i im cn tch i tng.
Specify second break point or [Firs t point]: _f
Specify firs t break point: Chn im cn tch.
Specify second break point: @
IX. Lnh Join
Cng dng: Ni 2 hay nhiu i t ng thnh mt i tng.
Cc i tng ni c th l: Line, Polyline, 3D Polyline, Arc, Elliptical Arc, Helix,
Spline.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Modify/
Join
Join
Modify
Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Join
Dng lnh:
Command: Join.
Select source object or multiple objects to join at once: Chn i tng cn ni
- 27 -
Select objects to join: 1 found, 2 total: Chn i tng cn ni.

2 objects converted to 1 polyline
X. Lnh Chamfe r
Cng dng: Dng vt mp gc ca i t ng.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/Chamfer Modify/ Chamfer
Chamfer hay Cha Modify
and Fillet drop down/ Chamfer
Dng lnh:
Command: CHAMFER
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select firs t line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: chn
cnh th nht hay chn cc la chn.
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner or [Distance/Angle/M ethod]:Chn
cnh th 2 hay chn cc la chn thay i khong cch vt.
Cc la chn:
Undo: Hy b cng on va thc hin
Pol yline: Vt ton th cc nh ca i t ng 2D polyline.
Distance: Nhp khong cch cnh cn vt.
Enter first chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
Enter second chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
Angle: Vt theo kch th c mt cnh v gc
Enter chamfer length on first line <1.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
Enter chamfer angle from the first line <0>: (Nhp gc vt).
Trim: Xn hoc khng xn i tng
mEthod: Chn phng php vt.
Multiple: Vt nhiu nh vi kch th c khng i.
XI. Lnh Fillet
Cng dng: Dng bo trn nu l giao tuyn li v gc ln nu l giao
tuyn lm.
Cch gi lnh:
Ribbon
Menu
Command
Tool bars
Home tab/ Modify panel/Chamfer Modify/ Fillet
Fillet hay F
Modify
and Fillet drop down/ Fillet
Dng lnh:
Command: Fillet .
Curr ent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/M ultiple]: Chn cnh th nht hay
chn cc la chn.
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]: Chn cnh th 2
hoc nhp R thay i bn knh Fillet
Cc la chn:
Undo: Hy b b c thc hin pha
Pol yline: Bo trn tt c cc im ca gc.
Radius: Nhp bn knh vo bo cung.
Trim: Ging chamfer
Multiple: Bo nhiu gc vi cng bn knh bo.
- 28 -
Bi 7.
GHI CH LN BN V
1/ TO KIU CH: Lnh Style (T rnh n Format/Text Style).
nh dng cc Font ch, ta theo
cc trnh t sau y:
Chn New, xut hin hp thoi:
New Text Style, g vo Styl e N ame tn
ca kiu ch.
Chiu cao ca ch nhp vo
Heigh
Xem kiu ch v a t o nhp vo
Pre view.
Chn t l chiu rng ch ti Width factor.
Chn nghing ch t i Oblique Angle.
2/ NHP DNG CH VO BN V (Lnh Dtext):
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Tool bars
Home tab/ Annotation panel /Multiline Draw/ Text/ Single Text hay Dt Modify
Text drop-down/ Single Line
line text
Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp cc dng ch v o trong bn v t bn
phm. Trong m t lnh Dtext ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v
cc dng ch s xut hin trn m n hnh khi ta nhp t bn phm.
Command: dtext .
Curr ent text style: "tcvn" Text height: 20.6149
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
Specify rotation angle of text <0>:
Enter text: (G Text vo).
Cc chn la:
- Specify start point of text: im canh l tri dng ch.
- Style: Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu ch hin hnh, khi p S
xut hin dng nhc ph: Style name (or?).
- Justify: Khi p J s xut hin dng nhc cho php ta chn cc im canh l khc
nhau.
- Rotation Angle <0.0000>: nghing dng ch.
- Height: Chiu cao dng Text.
3/ NHP ON VN BN VO BN V (Lnh Mtext):
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Tool bars
Home tab/ Annotation panel /Multiline Draw/
Text/ Mtext hay T Modify
Text drop-down/ Multiple text
Multiple Text
Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung
ch nht.
Command: Mtext .
Command: _mtext Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5
Specify firs t corner: im gc th nht on vn bn.

- 29 -
Specify opposite corner or [Height/ Justify/ Line spacing/ Rotation/ Style/ Width]:
im gc i din hay l cc chn la cho vn bn.
Sau , xut hin hp thoi Text Formating, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn
nh cc phn m m vn bn khc.
Ta c th chn cc k t c bit bng cch chn cc Font ch c sn trong b

Font ca AutoCAD 2012.
4/ LNH EDIT TEXT
Menu
Pointing de vi de
Command
Toolbars
Modify/ Object/ Text/ Edit Double click a text object
Ddedit hay Ed
Text
Ta c th g lnh hoc Double click vo dng ch cn hiu chnh s xut hin hp
thoi Text Formatting.
5/ LNH SCALETEXT:
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Tool bars
Text
Annotation tab/ Text Panel/
/Scale Modify/ Object/ Scaletext
Text/ Scale
S dng lnh Scaletext bn c th nh t l cho ton b cc dng ch c chn
m khng lm thay i cc im chn.
6/ LNH JUSTIFYTEXT:
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Tool bars
Text
Annotation tab/ Text Panel/
/ Modify/ Object/ Justifytext
Text/ Justify
Justify
S dng lnh Justifytext ta c th thay i im chn cho ton b cc dng ch
c chn m khng lm thay i v tr ca dng ch.

- 30 -
Bi 8.
V MT CT (Lnh Hatch):
Ri bbon
Menu
Command Toolbars
Home tab/ Draw Panel/ Hatch
Draw/ Hatch
Hatch hay H Draw
Dng lnh Hatch (Boundary Hatch) ta c th v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong
mt ng bin kn.
Command: Hatch .
Xut hin hp thoi Hatch and Gradient.
C 2 trang:
- Trang Hatch:
Type, Pattern, Swatch: Chn kiu v mt
ct.
Angle: Chn gc nghing c a m t ct.
Scale: Chn t l mt ct.
Preview Hatch: Xem trc mt ct c
v.
Apply: Thc hin lnh v k hiu m t ct.
Pick point: Xc nh ng bin kn bng
cch chn im nm bn trong.
Select Objects: Chn ng bin kn bng cch
chn i t ng bao quanh.
- Trang Gradient: Chn s m u cho mt ct.
Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch:
- T hc hin hnh ct.
- Th c hin lnh Bhatch. Hp thoi
Boundary Hatch and Fill xut hin.
- Chn Pattern, chn mu m t ct cn
thit.
- nh t l m t ct.
- Xc nh vng cn v bng mt trong hai
phng php Pick point hay Select Objects.
- Xem trc mt ct bng nt Preview,
hiu chnh nu cn thit.
- Nhn OK kt thc lnh Bhatch.

- 31 -
Bi 9.
GHI KCH THC TRN BN V

8.1. Cc thnh phn kch thc:
Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:
Cc thnh phn kch thc

1/ Dimension line (ng kch th c): c gii hn bi hai mi t n hai hai u.
2/ Extension line (ng dng): Thng thng ng dng l cc ng thng vung
gc vi i t ng c ghi kch thc.
3/ Dimension text (Ch s kch thc): Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng
c ghi kch th c.
4/ Arro wheads (Mi tn, gch cho): K hiu hai u ca mt ng kch th c,
thng thng l mi t n, du nghing hay du chm.
8.2 . To cc kiu ghi kch thc
Hp thoi Dimension Style Manager

To kiu k ch thc mi
+ Tab Lines: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng ca ng kch
thc, ng ging, ng tm.
+ Tab Symbol s and arrows: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng
ca m i tn, du t m.
Tab lines
Tab Symbols and arrows

- 32 -
+ Tab Text: gn cc bin lin quan n ch s kch thc.

+ Tab Fi t: gn cc l a chn chi phi Autocad nh v tr ng kch thc, ng
ging v ch s kch th c.Ngoi ra cn nh t l cho to n b cc bin ca kiu kch
thc.
Tab text
Tab fit
+ Primary Units: gn dng v chnh xc cho n v kch th c gc v chiu
di.
+ Alternate Units: gn dng v chnh xc ca h thng thay i n v (gia
inch v milimeter).
Tab Primary Units

Alternate Units
+ Tol erances: gn gi tr v chnh xc cho dung sai kch th c.
Cui cng ta chn OK v ng hp tho i Dimension Style Manager.
Tab Tolerances
- 33 -
8.3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc

Cc lnh ghi v hiu chnh kch th c AutoCAD 2012 c t h nm Home tab/
Annotation panel/ Linear drop down (Multileader dr op down); hoc nm Annotate tab/
Dimension panel (Leaders panel) hoc nm trong danh m c ko xung Dimension.
Kiu
Din gii
Ghi kch thc t hng nm ngang, t hng ng v nghing.
ng kch thc song song vi kch th c cn ghi.
o chiu di cung
Ghi to mt im.
Ghi kch thc bn knh.
Ghi bn knh
Ghi kch thc ng knh.
Ghi kch thc gc.
Ghi chui kch thc song song
Ghi chui kch thc ni tip
To khong cch gia cc ng kch thc song song bng nhau, cng c
th to cc ng kch th c thng hoc gc tr nn ni tip bng cch nhp
gi tr bng 0.
Ct mt phn kch thc.
Ghi ch thch theo ng dn.
Ghi dung sai v v tr.
Ghi du tm
Thm h oc b thng t in kim tra cho kch th c c chn.
Thm h oc b mt ng gp khc ca kch th c thn g

- 34 -
BI THC HNH S 1.
1.3.1. V cc hnh sau bng lnh Line vi ta Decac tuyt i v tng i.
a/
b/
c/
e/
d/
f/
Hnh 1.1.
1.3.2. S dng lnh Line vi ta cc v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
e/
d/
Hnh 1.2.

c/
- 35 -
1.3.3. S dng lnh Line v cc h ta v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
g/
Hnh 1.3

- 36 -
BI THC HNH S 2.
2.3.1. S dng lnh Polygon v cc hnh sau:
a/
c/
b/
d/
e/
f/
Hnh 2.1
2.3.2. S dng lnh Rectangle v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
Hnh 2.2.
1.3.3. S dng lnh Circle v cc lnh v hc v cc hnh sau:
a/

b/
- 37 -
d/
c/
d/
e/
g/
f/
h/
i/
k/
j/
l/
Hnh 2.3.

- 38 -
BI THC HNH S 3
3.3.1 V cc hnh sau bng ch d im Polar Tracking
a/
b/
c/
d/
Hnh 3.1.
3.3.2. S dng lnh hc v cc ch truy bt im v cc hnh sau:
b/
a/
d/

- 39 -
c/
e/
f/
g/
h/
i/
j/
Hnh 3.2
3.3.3. Thc hin li bi tp 3.3. ca bi tp s 1 (hnh 1.3) v ghi cc kch thc nh
yu cu ca bi.

- 40 -
BI THC HNH S 4
4.3.1 S dng lnh ARC v cc lnh hc v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
f/
d/
e/
Hnh 4.1
4.3.2 V cc hnh sau bng lnh PLINE:
b/
a/
d/
c/

- 41 -
e/
f/
g/
i/
h/
Hnh 4.2

- 42 -
BI THC HNH S 5
b/
a/
d/
c/
f/
e/
g/
h/
- 43 -
j/
i/
l/
k/
m/
n/
p/
o/
Hnh 5.
- 44 -
BI THC HNH S 6
a/
b/
e/
c/
d/
f/

- 45 -
g/
h/
j/
i/
l/
Hnh 6

- 46 -
BI THC HNH S 7
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
- 47 -
g/
h/
j/
i/
Hnh 7.

- 48 -
BI THC HNH S 8
a/
b/
c/
e/

- 49 -
f/
g/
Hnh 8.

- 50 -
BI N TP
9.1.
9.2.
Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:

Cc lnh v hnh v hiu chnh hc.
Bi tp:
Hnh 9.1
Hnh 9.2

- 51 -
Hnh 9.3

- 52 -

1 - NH - Dang ACAD 2012 Phan2D PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 - NH - Dang ACAD 2012 Phan2D PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

tr trn thanh cng c V quan trng hn c l nhng tnh nng m i nh Parametric,

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc mn hnh ha

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Khi ang t hc hin cc lnh v v hiu chnh th t a c th lm xut hin to cc

sau nh du vo mc Show Menu Bar c 13 tiu . M i

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng:

8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawi ng Limits):

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Hng gc m cng chiu kim ng h. Nu khng chn th chiu dng ca gc

8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup)

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

8.6 Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh O ptions):

Trang Open and save:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

+ Magnet: M hoc tt ch Magnet.

Trang Sel ection:

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi c c tnh cht sau:

Hnh 2.1 H p thoi Layer Propeties Maneger

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Cch 2: Nhn lnh t t: 3 ch u ca

Hnh 2.2 Hp thoi truy bt im

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

6.2. Lnh Save As

VII. Hu b lnh c thc hin (Lnh Undo, U):

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

III. Lnh Pline

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Specify first point or [Method/Degree/Object]:

Cc la chn cho Spline v i Fit Points:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chn 1 im ca trc elip.

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

VIII. Lnh Point Style:

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

CC LNH HIU CHNH

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

III. Lnh Mirror

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

VI. Lnh Trim

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

CC LNH HIU CHNH (tt)

Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1