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Sheriff's Justice Institute Central Bond Court Study 070616 PDF
Sheriff's Justice Institute Central Bond Court Study 070616 PDF
Bond type and bond amount proved to be inconsistent even when controlling for defendants
backgrounds and charges.
There is a wide disparity in outcomes depending on which judge is presiding in Central Bond
Court on any given day.
Decisions regarding pre-trial freedom are reached in an average of 100 seconds.
A defendant represented by a private attorney spent three times longer in front of the bench than
defendants represented by a Public Defender.
o Defendants with private attorneys are given D bonds more frequently than those
represented by the Public Defender (70% vs. 55%).
o Defendants with Public Defenders are granted I bonds more frequently than those with
private attorneys (20% vs. 16%).
o Within 31 days of being booked into CCDOC: 41% of all UUW defendants represented
by private attorneys were able to post bond compared to 22% with Public Defenders.
All cases observed: 56% D Bond, 23% Electronic Monitoring (EM), 19% I Bond, and 2% C
Bond, No Bond, or Nolle Prosequi (Nolle).
The average D Bond: $71,878.
The median D Bond: $40,000.
To determine which defendants in the study were able to bond out, the SJI reviewed a snapshot of
the jail population on May 31, 2016. It revealed that:
o 27% of defendants had Paid Bond (posted bond to get off EM or out of hard custody).
o 37% of cases were resolved or the defendant was out on I Bond.
o 36% of defendants were still in CCDOC custody (either EM or hard custody).
Of the 880 defendants to receive D Bonds, 220 of them (25%) posted bond within 31 days of
being booked into CCDOC hard custody.
o Within that group, the charge with the 2nd most defendants out on bond was UUW/Agg
UUW (behind PCS). UUW/Agg UUW made up 17% of the defendants who paid their
bond. 25% of all UUW/Agg UUWs were able to post bond.
o Only 4% of defendants granted a D Bond and charged with Retail Theft posted bond.
A previous Bond Court review was conducted in 2011 by the Chicago Appleseed Fund for Justice. That study
reviewed 17 sessions compared with 30 sessions in the SJI study. Another distinction between the two reports:
Appleseeds findings are purely qualitative, whereas this report is more quantitatively driven.
Time
All
Judge
A
B
C
D
n
7
880
70
368
238
146
58
303
362
18
251
93
20
2
1574
%
0.4%
55.9%
4.4%
23.4%
15.1%
9.3%
3.7%
19.3%
23.0%
1.1%
15.9%
5.9%
1.3%
0.1%
100.0%
Percent
Judge
A Closer Look
Judge
Bond Type
C Bond
D Bond
Less than $10,000
$10,000 - $39,999
$40,000 - $99,999
$100,000 - $249,999
$250,000 or more
I Bond
EM
Less than $10,000
$10,000 - $39,999
$40,000 or more
No Bond
Nolle
TOTAL
A
%
B
%
C
%
0.8%
58.6%
9.6%
23.9%
11.7%
9.8%
3.6%
12.1%
27.3%
3.2%
17.5%
6.6%
1.3%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
49.3%
1.8%
24.0%
15.3%
4.9%
3.3%
25.3%
23.6%
0.0%
15.6%
8.0%
1.6%
0.2%
100.0%
0.0%
65.4%
0.3%
24.2%
26.9%
10.1%
3.9%
15.8%
18.2%
0.3%
11.9%
6.0%
0.6%
0.0%
100.0%
D Bond
%
1.2%
49.6%
3.9%
20.2%
6.6%
14.7%
4.3%
27.9%
19.4%
0.0%
18.6%
0.8%
1.6%
0.4%
100.0%
9.6% of defendants that appeared in front of Judge A received a less than 10,000 D Bond.
o Judge A had a tendency to ask attorneys and family members of defendants how much
the defendant can post. The bond negotiation that took place in Judge As court room is
reflected in this 9.6%.
Judge C most frequently grants D Bonds. Defendants that appeared before Judge C received
$14,000-$249,999 D Bond 37% of the time.
At a first glance Judge B and Judge D appeared to have set similar bond amounts. However,
during the period observed, Judge Bs court calls consisted of less serious charges, and Judge Ds
court calls consisted of more serious charges.
o 51% of Judge Bs court calls consisted of drug related charges (32% PCS and 19%
Mfg/Del, Possession with Intent). Judge B had a lower case load of UUWs: 7%.
o 35% of Judge Ds court calls consisted of drug related charges (21% PCS and 13%
Mfg/Del, Possession with Intent). Judge D had a higher case load of UUWs: 12%.
Judge A and Judge Cs respective court calls never deviated more than a 3% from the top 10
Bond Court charges.
Charges
ALL Charges
Charge
PCS
MFG/DEL, Possession with Intent
UUW, Agg UUW
Retail Theft
Driving Sus/Rev
Felony Possession of Cannabis
DUI, Agg DUI
Burglary, Residential Burglary
Robbery, Armed Robbery
Theft
Escape EM
Agg Battery
Possession of Stolen Vehicle
Agg Battery Peace Officer
Fleeing/Eluding
Domestic Battery
Forgery
Fraud, Identity Theft
Armed Habitual Criminal
Continuing Financial Crimes Enterprise
Criminal Damage to Property
Vehicular Hijacking
Home Invasion
Resisting/Obstructing
Attempted Murder
Criminal Trespass/ Criminal Trespass Vehicle
Agg Assault
Agg Battery Child
Soliciting Unlawful Business
Stalking
Threat A Public Official
Intimidation
Trafficking For Labor
Violation of Protection
Animal Cruelty
Armed Violence
Arson
Attempted Kidnapping
Battery to Disabled
Child Endangerment
Criminal Sexual Abuse
Unconscionable Agreement
Unlawful/Interference/Public Utility
TOTAL
n
407
284
158
116
81
75
73
64
63
37
25
22
21
20
18
13
13
10
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1574
%
25.9%
18.0%
10.0%
7.4%
5.1%
4.8%
4.6%
4.1%
4.0%
2.4%
1.6%
1.4%
1.3%
1.3%
1.1%
0.8%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
100.0%
Top Charges
Top 5
Top 10
PSA
As of July 1, 2015 The Chief Judges Offices Pretrial Service Division implemented a comprehensive
risk assessment instrument known as the Public Safety Assessment (PSA). The PSA is a Kentucky-based
model designed to better evaluate a defendants threat to the community and likelihood to appear at their
next court date. The PSA is broken down into three scales: New Criminal Activity (NCA), Failure to
Appear (FTA), and New Violence Criminal Activity (NVCA). In bond court the NCA and FTA scales
are designated as a number from 1 to 6. Higher numbers are used to indicate higher likelihoods that the
defendant will be rearrested or fail to appear for court dates. The NVCA scale is designated as a
violence flag. The NVCA flag is used to notify judges that a defendant has a high likelihood of
committing a new violent crime. A defendant either has a violence flag or does not. It is interesting to
note less than 4% of defendants received a violence flag.
The combined NCA and FTA scores result in a defendants recommended monitoring level which can be
found using the Decision Making Framework (DMF) Matrix (see next page). There are 7 total
recommendations, in order of increased levels of monitoring:
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM- court date reminders
3) Release with PSL I- once a month face-to-face meetings.
4) Release with PSL II- biweekly face-to-face meetings.
5) Release with PSL III- biweekly face-to-face meetings and biweekly phone call check-ins.
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
DMF pretrial monitoring levels with their respective conditions are laid out in the chart below:
Monitoring Level
Phone Contact
Release w/ No Conditions
Release w/PM
PSL I
PSL II
PSL III
Release w/ Sheriffs EM
Release Not Recommended
None
None
None
None
1x Biweekly
Face-to-Face
Contact
None
None
1x Monthly
1x Biweekly
1x Biweekly
Conditions of
Monitoring
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
The charge a defendant is facing can have an effect on the DMF. These charges include: Domestic
Battery, Stalking, Violation of an Order of Protection, Criminal Sexual Abuse, Kidnapping, and Arson. If
a defendant is arrested for any one of these charges then the defendant will be bumped up a level on the
DMF matrix. For example: If a defendant scored a 4 on the NCA scale and a 4 on FTA scale then, on the
DMF matrix, this would land them on a monitoring level of PSL III. If a person was arrested for
Domestic Battery then this would bump up the defendants monitoring level to Release with Sheriffs
EM.
* All information collected on the PSA and DMF was provided on November 13, 2015 during the PSA
Refresher Training Opportunity Go-To-Meeting sponsored by Dr. Marie VanNostrand of Luminosity.
DMF Recommendations
The following chart shows the DMF recommendation for all 1,574 cases observed.
DMF
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A*
Total
n
264
316
377
202
99
94
71
151
1574
%
16.8%
20.1%
24.0%
12.8%
6.3%
6.0%
4.5%
9.6%
100.0%
*There were instances when Pretrial Service was unable to conduct an interview for certain defendants.
Instances included: defendants admitted to the hospital, defendants in CCDOC custody prior to Bond
Court, defendants without any prior history, or if an interpreter was not present. Some scores were
unavailable to court attendees because the Judge did not ask for the PSA numbers.
Notables:
As the graph below illustrates, collectively judges rarely administer the DMF recommended monitoring
level.
Judges Follow DMF?
Yes
No
* TOTAL
%
216
15%
1207
85%
1423 100%
n
29
n
235
264
%
11.00%
%
89.00%
100.00%
2) Release with PM
Bond Type
n
I Bond
76
EM
77
D Bond
158
C Bond
3
No Bond
2
316
TOTAL
2) Release with PM
Yes
I Bond with PTS
No
Other
TOTAL
n
49
n
267
316
%
15.50%
%
84.50%
100.00%
n
35
n
342
377
n
18
n
184
202
%
24.10%
24.40%
50.00%
0.90%
0.60%
100.00%
%
13.00%
27.30%
58.90%
0.30%
0.50%
100.00%
9.30%
%
90.70%
100.00%
8.90%
%
91.10%
100.00%
10
n
8
23
68
99
%
8.10%
23.20%
68.70%
100.00%
%
5.30%
22.30%
71.30%
100.00%
n
31
16
92
11
1
151
%
20.50%
10.60%
60.90%
7.30%
0.70%
100.00%
%
5.10%
94.90%
100.00%
11
D Bond by Charge
The table below displays the maximum, minimum, and median D Bond granted for each charge. The table is
listed from most frequent charge to the least frequent. The number of cases observed is found in parenthesis
next to each charge listed.
D Bonds
Charge (Count)
Max
Min
Median
Charge (Count)
$150,000
$2,000
$25,000
PCS (121)
$100,000
$2,000
$20,000
UUW (118)
$700,000
$2,500
$52,500
Resisting/Obstructing (4)
$75,000
$5,000
$25,000
$50,000
$2,000
$10,000
Max
Min
Median
$100,000
$50,000
$100,000
$1,000,000
$200,000
$750,000
$100,000
$40,000
$87,500
$100,000
$25,000
$75,000
$1,000,000
$100,000
$250,000
$100,000
$75,000
$100,000
$30,000
$5,000
$5,000
$100,000
$25,000
$100,000
$25,000
$5,000
$10,000
$150,000
$5,000
$17,500
$1,000,000
$20,000
$75,000
Fraud (3)
Robbery (30)
$300,000
$10,000
$100,000
$500,000
$1,000
$10,000
$500,000
$50,000
$250,000
$100,000
$30,000
$50,000
Burglary (27)
$250,000
$10,000
$75,000
$950,000
$600,000
$775,000
$950,000
$10,000
$50,000
$50,000
$20,000
$25,000
$250,000
$5,000
$50,000
$50,000
$10,000
$30,000
$150,000
$10,000
$100,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$75,000
$2,000
$25,000
$250,000
$150,000
$200,000
Escape EM (16)
$250,000
$10,000
$70,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
DUI (14)
$100,000
$2,000
$10,000
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
$200,000
$5,000
$50,000
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
Fleeing/Eluding (11)
$100,000
$5,000
$30,000
Arson (1)
$250,000
$250,000
$250,000
$1,000,000
$5,000
$100,000
$200,000
$200,000
$200,000
$500,000
$75,000
$100,000
$300,000
$300,000
$300,000
Forgery (7)
Continuing Financial Crimes
Enterprise (6)
$50,000
$5,000
$10,000
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
$100,000
$20,000
$50,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$500,000
$200,000
$325,000
Stalking (1)
Unlawful/Interference/Public Utility
(1)
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$50,000
$2,500
$25,000
$1,000,000
$1,000
$40,000
Theft (17)
Intimidation (2)
Total (880)
12
The graph above is the same information shown on the table on the previous page.
For further break down of D Bonds with their respective charges grouped by Recommended DMF level see appendix.
13
DMF Comparisons
The following pages are side by side comparisons of defendants with the same charge and DMF
recommendation with different bond court out comes or different D Bond amounts.
Name: P.S.
Age: 35
Race: Hispanic
Gender: Male
Name: D.J.
Age: 35
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: D.Q.
Age: 64
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: E.B.
Age: 50
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes: Parole- IDOC not lodging
Violation of Probation
Name: K.D.
Age: 32
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: K.P.
Age: 34
Race: Black
Gender: Male
14
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release with PM
Bond: I Bond
Judge: C
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release with PM
Bond: 50,000 D
Judge: C
Name: A.S.
Age: 28
Race: White
Gender: Male
Name: M.C.
Age: 33
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Suspected cocaine
Notes:
Two pills of Viagra
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release with PSL III
Bond: 40,000 D
Judge: C
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release with PSL III
Bond: 50,000 D
Judge: B
Name: J.M.
Age: 32
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: G.M.
Age: 25
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: F.T.
Age: 52
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Suspected heroin
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release Not Recommended
Bond: I Bond
Judge: A
Charge: PCS
DMF: Release Not Recommended
Bond: 30,000 D
Judge: C
Name: K.J.
Age: 60
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: J.G.
Age: 58
Race: Hispanic
Gender: Male
Notes:
Notes:
Suspected cocaine
Violation of Probation (VOP)
15
Name: W.B.
Age: 29
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: S.L.
Age: 51
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Stole alcoholic beverages
Notes:
Stole alcoholic beverages and hygiene
products
Name: A.S.
Age: 51
Race: Black
Gender: Female
Name: K.W.
Age: 41
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Stole alcoholic beverages, hygiene
products, and bacon
Notes:
Stole 12 packages of energy drinks
Name: E.D.
Age: 40
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: A.H.
Age: 41
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Stole 2 bottles of detergent and 2 bottles
of body wash
Notes:
Parole- IDOC not lodging
Violation of Bail Bond
Stole $70.86 worth of hygiene products
16
Name: T.B.
Age: 53 year
Race: White
Gender: Male
Name: T.S.
Age: 21
Race: Black
Gender: Female (Pregnant)
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 5,000 D
Judge: B
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 50,000 D
Judge: B
Name: T.D.
Age: 27
Race: black
Gender: Male
Name: L.B.
Age: 21
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
PD stated defendant could post $500
2nd arrest
Notes:
PD stated defendant could post $500
2nd arrest
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 10,000 D
Judge: B
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 100,000 D
Judge: D
Name: M.E.
Age: 18
Race: White
Gender: Male
Name: J.A.
Age: 18
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Private Attorney stated defendant could
post $1,000
4th arrest
Notes:
PD stated defendant could post $1,000
4th arrest
17
Case Dispositions
Case Status as of 05/31/2016
We were able to use information recorded in bond court to recover the full case information for 1,397 of
the 1,574 bookings that were observed during the time period. The following table divides these bookings
into three categories, based on the case status on May 31, 2016.
Total Cases (As of 5/31/16)
Case Status
N
% of Total
372
26.6%
Bond Paid
517
37.0%
Case Resolved/ I Bond
508
36.4%
Not yet released
Total
1397
100.00%
Bond Paid- Defendants posted bond to get off EM or out of hard custody. Defendants cases may or may not
be resolved.
Case Resolved/I Bond- Defendants have been sentenced to IDOC, county time, probation, case was dropped,
or are still in the community on an I Bond awaiting there next court date.
Not yet released- These defendants are still in CCDOC custody awaiting there next court date. This includes
defendants on EM and those behind the jail walls.
Clerks Office Revenue
Clerks Office estimated revenue from Central Bond Court was $29,840
during this time period (based on the max $100 cap they can retain on
posted bonds). If the 2016 processing fees cap have not been
implemented the Clerks Office revenue would have over $104,440.
Bond Paid
Of the 880 individuals to receive D bonds, 220 of them (25%) were able to bond out within 31 days of
being booked. The following tables represent the original bond amounts set in Bond Court and do not
reflect the amount a defendant had to post in cases when bond increase or reduction was granted.
Bail Amount Set
D Bond
N
% of Total
53
24.1%
Less than $10,000
123
55.9%
$10,000 - $39,999
29
13.2%
$40,000 - $99,999
14
6.4%
$100,000 - $249,999
1
0.4%
$250,000 or more
Total
220
100.0%
18
Bond Paid
Charge
PCS
42
19.1%
38
17.3%
24
10.9%
Driving Sus/Rev
23
10.5%
23
10.5%
14
6.4%
4.1%
Agg Battery
2.7%
2.3%
1.8%
Forgery
1.8%
Theft
1.8%
Fleeing/Eluding
1.4%
Fraud
1.4%
1.4%
0.9%
Intimidation
0.9%
Retail Theft
0.9%
0.9%
Agg Assault
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Arson
0.5%
Identity Theft
0.5%
0.5%
Unlawful/Interference/Public Utility
0.5%
Total
220
100.0%
UUW
72% of defendants arrested for
UUW with bail set at 50,000 D
Bond or more.
Defendants granted a D Bond
arrested for UUW post bail 25%
within 31 days.
Retail Theft
55% of defendants arrested for
Retail Theft self-identify as having
Mental Health issues during CCSO
pre-bond screenings.
Defendants granted a D Bond
arrested for Retail Theft post bail
4% of the time within 31 days.
19
Private vs. PD
It is important to note while looking at the following data it is hard to compare defendants represented by
Private Attorneys to those with PDs due to the disproportionate sample sizes. SJI decided to include the
findings to demonstrate that the attorney a defendant is represented by could potentially affect Bond
Court proceedings.
Representation
Defendant Representation
Public Defender (PD)
Private Attorney
*Hospital
Total
n
%
1465 93.0%
94
6.0%
15
1.0%
1574 100.0%
* Defendants in the hospital were rarely represented by an attorney. Only once was a defendant in the
hospital represented by a defense attorney (in that case the defendant had a private attorney). Defendants
in the hospital received D Bonds 94% of the time and higher D Bond amounts (median $75,000; average
$82,333). Top three charges include DUI (31%), PCS (19%), and MFG/DEL (19%). These defendants
were not administered the PSA due to their unavailability.
Time
Private
PD
Race
Private
PD
Age
n
%
n
%
48
51.1%
1103
75.3%
Black
25
26.6%
210
14.3%
Hispanic
13
13.8%
119
8.1%
White
3
3.2%
8
0.5%
Other
5
5.3%
25
1.7%
Unknown
94
100.0%
1465 100.0%
Total
20
Charge Comparison
Top Charges
Top 5
Top 10
Private
Charges
PCS
UUW, Agg UUW
MFG/DEL, Possession with Intent
Felony Possession of Cannabis
Agg Battery
Fraud
Robbery, Armed Robbery
Theft
Agg Battery Peace Officer
Burglary, Burglary Residential
Driving Sus/Rev
Intimidation
Retail Theft
Criminal Damage to Property
Domestic Battery, agg
DUI agg
Fleeing/Eluding
Identity Theft
Unlawful/Interference/Public Utility
Total
%
21.3%
18.1%
16.0%
8.5%
6.4%
4.3%
5.3%
3.2%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
100.0%
20
17
15
8
6
4
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
94
PD Top 20
Charge
PCS
MFG/DEL, Possession with Intent
UUW, Agg UUW
Retail Theft
Driving Sus/Rev
Felony Possession of Cannabis
DUI, Agg DUI
Burglary, Burglary Residential
Robbery, Robbery Armed
Theft
Escape EM
Possession of Stolen Vehicle
Burglary, Residential
Agg Battery Peace Officer
Fleeing/Eluding
Agg Battery
Forgery
Domestic Battery
Continuing Financial Crimes Enterprise
Vehicular Hijacking
Other
Total
%
26.2%
18.2%
9.5%
7.8%
5.4%
4.6%
4.6%
4.1%
3.9%
2.3%
1.7%
1.4%
1.4%
1.2%
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
3.1%
100%
384
266
140
114
79
67
67
59
58
34
25
21
20
17
17
16
13
8
7
6
47
1465
DMF Comparison
On average defendants with a private attorney score lower on the DMF compared to those with PDs.
Private
DMF
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
25
21
19
7
5
3
3
11
94
%
26.60%
22.30%
20.20%
7.40%
5.30%
3.20%
3.20%
11.70%
100.00%
PD
DMF
239
295
357
195
94
91
68
126
1465
16.3%
20.1%
24.4%
13.3%
6.4%
6.2%
4.6%
8.6%
100.00%
21
Bond Type
Judges have a tendency to grant more D bonds and less EMs for defendants with a private attorney. EM
was granted for only 7 defendants represented by a private attorney.
Private
Bond Type
D Bond
I Bond
EM
C Bond*
Total
PD
Bond Type
D Bond
EM
I Bond
No bond
Nolle
C Bond
Total*
%
66
15
7
6
94
70.2%
16.0%
7.4%
6.4%
100.0%
Private
8%
800
355
287
20
2
1
1465
54.6%
24.2%
19.6%
1.4%
0.1%
0.1%
100.00%
6%
C Bond
16%
D Bond
I Bond
EM
70%
PD
1%
D Bond
24%
I Bond
EM
55%
Other*
20%
22
D Bond Comparisons
Private
D Bond
n
Less than $10,000
5
$10,000 - $39,999
28
$40,000 - $99,999
16
$100,000 - $249,999
11
$250,000 or more
6
Total
66
%
7.6%
42.4%
24.2%
16.7%
9.1%
100.0%
PD
n
65
336
217
131
51
800
%
8.1%
42.0%
27.1%
16.4%
6.4%
100.0%
n
7
6
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
34
%
20.59%
17.65%
11.76%
11.76%
5.88%
5.88%
5.88%
5.88%
2.94%
2.94%
2.94%
2.94%
100.00%
PD Bond Paid
Status
PCS
UUW/ Agg UUW
DUI, Agg DUI
Driving Sus/Rev
MFG/DEL, Possession with Intent
Felony Possession of Cannabis
Robbery
Agg Battery
Continuing Financial Crimes Enterprise
Forgery
Burglary
Fleeing/Eluding
Theft
Criminal Damage to Property
Domestic Battery, Agg Domestic Battery
Retail Theft
Robbery Armed
Soliciting Unlawful Business
Agg Assault
Agg Battery Peace Officer
Armed Habitual Criminal
Arson
Burglary, Residential
Fraud
Identity Theft
Possession of Stolen Vehicle
Total
n
38
31
23
21
18
10
6
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
186
%
20.4%
16.7%
12.4%
11.3%
9.7%
5.4%
3.2%
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
100.0%
23
Bonds Paid
D Bond
Less than $10,000
Private
PD
n %
n
%
4
11.8%
49
26.3%
$10,000 - $39,999
21
61.8%
102
54.8%
$40,000 - $99,999
20.6%
22
11.8%
$100,000 - $249,999
5.9%
12
6.5%
$250,000 or more
0.0%
0.5%
34
100.0%
186
100.0%
Total
n
66
Private
$37,500
n
800
PD
$32,500
19
23
20
4
$50,000
$10,000
$75,000
$62,500
285
195
196
124
$25,000
$50,000
$50,000
$45,000
Private
$75,000
$150,000
$10,000
$75,000
$100,000
n
134
43
26
33
32
PD
$70,000
$75,000
$50,000
$50,000
$100,000
Judge B
Judge B sets far lower D Bond amounts
for defendants represented by private
attorneys compared to defendants
represented by PDs.
47% of defendants with a Bond Paid
status had their bond set by Judge B.
Judge B makes up 28% of all cases for
defendants represented by a private
attorney.
24
Judge B cases
Judge B: Private
15%
4%
11%
4%
11%
55%
Judge B: PD
2%
26%
85% D Bonds
Average D Bond $35,543
Median D Bond $10,000
No EM
1%
22%
15%
25%
47% D Bonds
Average D Bond $76,538
Median D Bond $50,000
4% 5%
In Judge Bs court room when a defendant was represented by private attorney and the defense explicitly stated the
dollar amount their defendant could post that bond amount stated was granted 70% of the time. When a defendant was
represented by a PD and the defense explicitly stated the dollar amount the bond amount stated was granted 1% of the
time. The following is an example of a Judge B interaction with a private attorney:
Judge B: Counsel what do you suggest for bond?
Private Attorney: I Bond.
Judge B: No.
Private Attorney: 5,000 D.
Judge B: No.
Private Attorney: 10,000 D.
Judge B: Bond will be set at 10,000 D.
25
Judge B Case Comparisons
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 10,000 D
Judge: B
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 50,000 D
Judge: B
Name: M.E.
Age: 18
Race: White
Gender: Male
Name: L.B.
Age: 21
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Private attorney
th
4 arrest
Paid Bond day of CBC hearing
Notes:
PD
nd
2 arrest
CCDOC hard custody 70+ days
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 15,000 D
Judge: B
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with No Conditions
Bond: 50,000 D
Judge: B
Name: I.T.
Age: 21
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Name: M.D.
Age: 23
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Private attorney
Last arrest 4 years prior
2 Ziploc bags of suspected cannabis, and 21
pills of suspected Ecstasy
Notes:
PD
Last arrest 5 years prior (first case)
Less than 2.5 grams of suspected cannabis
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with PM
Bond: 25,000 D
Judge: B
Charge: UUW
DMF: Release with PM
Bond: 75,000 D
Judge: B
Name: E.M.
Age: 28
Race: Black
Gender: Female
Name: S.D.
Age: 28
Race: Black
Gender: Male
Notes:
Private attorney
th
8 arrest
33 grams of suspected heroin
Notes:
PD
th
9 arrest
4 grams of suspected cannabis
26
Additional Findings
This section includes other finding SJI found during the period observed in Bond Court.
Gender
Gender
Male
Female*
1374
200
87.3%
12.7%
CCDOC
There were 49 defendants (3.1%) that were already in CCDOC custody prior to Bond Court. Defendants
in CCDOC custody prior to Bond Court received D bonds 78% of the time, No Bond 20% of the time, and
higher D Bond amounts (median $100,000 average $100,921). Defendants in CCDOC prior to Bond
Court top three charges include Escape EM (50%), Robbery (10%), and Burglary (10%). These
defendants were not administered the PSA.
27
Intake
Intake*
1. Mental Health
2. DCFS (current and prior)
3. Homeless
506
96
58
32.1%
6.1%
3.7%
Violations
Violations*
Violations
Violation of Bail Bond (VOBB)
Violation of Probation (VOP)
Total
Parole
IDOC Lodging
IDOC Not Lodging
Parole status not stated
Total
Total Violations**
120
106
226
7.7%
6.7%
14.4%
56
90
75
221
447
3.6%
5.7%
4.7%
14.0%
28.4%
*Numbers only recorded if explicitly stated during Bond Court. Numbers may be an underestimate.
** There were 23 defendants that had some combination of VOBB, VOP, and Parole Violation.
28
Court Notables*
1. No Mitigation
2. Bond Amount Disclosed
Granted
Denied
3. Defendant Working
4. Place to Stay
5. Family Present
%
381
314
98
216
345
433
424
24.2%
19.9%
6.2%
13.7%
21.9%
27.5%
26.9%
29
Top 5 Charges
The charts on the left side show bond court outcomes for the top 5 charges. The charts on the right show
the DMF recommendation for defendants arrested for that particular charge.
PCS
PCS
Bond Type
C Bond
D Bond
I Bond
EM
Total
%
2
121
181
103
407
0.5%
29.7%
44.5%
25.3%
100.0%
DMF recommendation
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
71
103
90
54
21
21
15
32
407
%
17.4%
25.3%
22.1%
13.3%
5.2%
5.2%
3.7%
7.9%
100.0%
Notable
42% of PCS defendants did not receive mitigation.
DMF recommendation
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
25
56
91
42
21
19
18
12
284
%
8.8%
19.7%
32.0%
14.8%
7.4%
6.7%
6.3%
4.2%
100.0%
30
UUW
UUW
Bond Type
C Bond
D Bond
I Bond
EM
Total
1
152
3
2
158
0.6%
96.2%
1.9%
1.3%
100.0%
DMF recommendation
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
41
34
41
9
9
7
8
9
158
%
25.9%
21.5%
25.9%
5.7%
5.7%
4.4%
5.1%
5.7%
100.0%
Notables
96% of UUW defendants were male.
49% of the time family members were present.
11% of UUW defendants were represented by a private attorney.
Retail Theft
Retail Theft
Bond Type
D Bond
I Bond
EM
Total
n
46
22
48
116
%
39.7%
19.0%
41.3%
100.0%
DMF recommendation
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
14
12
27
32
6
11
8
6
116
%
12.1%
10.3%
23.3%
27.6%
5.2%
9.5%
6.9%
5.2%
100.0%
Notables
55% of Retail Theft defendants self-identify having mental health issues.
9% of the time family members were present.
2% of Retail Theft defendants were represented by a private attorney.
Driving Sus/Rev
Driving Sus/Rev
Bond Type
n
D Bond
43
I Bond
6
EM
32
Total
81
%
53.1%
7.4%
39.5%
100.0%
DMF
1) Release with No Conditions
2) Release with PM
3) Release with PSL I
4) Release with PSL II
5) Release with PSL III
6) Release with Sheriffs EM
7) Release Not Recommended
N/A
Total
n
4
25
24
8
8
8
3
1
81
%
4.9%
30.9%
29.6%
9.9%
9.9%
9.9%
3.7%
1.2%
100.0%
Appendix
31
Further break down of D Bonds with their respective charges grouped by Recommended DMF level. Statistically, it
is hard to compare across some charges because so few examples fit in each category, but SJI pulled these examples
to demonstrate the high range of variability within the DMF recommendations.
DMF Recommended- Release with No Conditions
Charge
Max
UUW (26)
$150,000
$5,000
$50,000
$10,000
$5,000
$7,500
$150,000
$20,000
$50,000
Theft (2)
$25,000
$3,000
$14,000
$950,000
$25,000
$30,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
PCS (7)
$100,000
$5,000
$5,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
Robbery (7)
$100,000
$40,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$30,000
$1,000
$5,000
Burglary (1)
Criminal Damage to Property
(1)
Felony Possession of
Cannabis (1)
$40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$250,000
$50,000
$250,000
Fleeing/Eluding (1)
$25,000
$25,000
$25,000
$100,000
$50,000
$72,500
Fraud (1)
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$30,000
$5,000
$25,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$100,000
$50,000
$50,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
DUI (3)
$10,000
$2,000
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$10,000
$5,000
$7,500
$200,000
$200,000
$200,000
$50,000
$5,000
$27,500
$1,000,000
$1,000
$50,000
Min
Median
Charge
Total (103)
Max
Min
Median
32
Max
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$15,000
$5,000
$10,000
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$5,000
$4,000
$4,500
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
UUW (29)
$500,000
$2,500
$70,000
$150,000
$10,000
$25,000
DUI (2)
PCS (23)
$75,000
$2,000
$25,000
Forgery (2)
$25,000
$3,000
$5,000
$250,000
$5,000
$10,000
Theft (2)
$150,000
$5,000
$10,000
$30,000
$10,000
$25,000
Arson (1)
$250,000
$250,000
$250,000
$125,000
$20,000
$40,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Robbery (4)
$250,000
$90,000
$100,000
$300,000
$300,000
$300,000
$500,000
$250,000
$375,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$700,000
$20,000
$175,000
$2,500
$2,500
$2,500
Burglary (3)
$80,000
$10,000
$50,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$75,000
$5,000
$10,000
$750,000
$750,000
$750,000
$300,000
$75,000
$187,500
Resisting/Obstructing (1)
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$1,000,000
$100,000
$550,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$125,000
$10,000
$67,500
$100,000
$5,000
$52,500
$150,000
$1,000,000
$150,000
$2,000
$150,000
$25,000
Intimidation (2)
33
Max
Min
Median
Charge
$75,000
$5,000
$25,000
Fleeing/Eluding (4)
$100,000
$5,000
$25,000
UUW (30)
$250,000
$10,000
$52,500
$30,000
$3,000
$25,000
Max
Min
Median
$100,000
$10,000
$40,000
$150,000
$100,000
$150,000
$25,000
$20,000
$25,000
$15,000
$125,000
$100,000
$112,500
$10,000
$20,000
DUI (2)
$10,000
$2,000
$6,000
$1,000,000
$75,000
$100,000
Fraud (2)
$30,000
$5,000
$17,500
Burglary (7)
$125,000
$75,000
$90,000
$350,000
$350,000
$350,000
Robbery (7)
$200,000
$10,000
$100,000
$250,000
$250,000
$250,000
$500,000
$10,000
$75,000
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
$75,000
$10,000
$22,500
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
$200,000
$10,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$500,000
$50,000
$100,000
Forgery (1)
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
Theft (6)
$75,000
$25,000
$27,500
$25,000
$25,000
$25,000
$150,000
$70,000
$100,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$150,000
$50,000
$50,000
Total (222)
$1,000,000
$2,000
$30,000
34
Max
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
$75,000
$2,000
$25,000
Fleeing/Eluding (2)
$35,000
$10,000
$22,500
$75,000
$10,000
$25,000
$25,000
$10,000
$17,500
$75,000
$10,000
$25,000
$150,000
$100,000
$125,000
UUW (8)
$400,000
$50,000
$100,000
$300,000
$250,000
$275,000
Burglary (6)
$100,000
$25,000
$75,000
$25,000
$25,000
$25,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$500,000
$75,000
$250,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$250,000
$75,000
$200,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$5,000
$10,000
$400,000
$400,000
$400,000
Theft (3)
$50,000
$10,000
$25,000
DUI (1)
$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$500,000
$100,000
$300,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$75,000
$87,500
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$50,000
$10,000
$30,000
Total (111)
$500,000
$2,000
$25,000
35
Max
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
$50,000
$10,000
$17,500
Burglary (1)
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
$50,000
$2,000
$12,500
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
UUW (9)
$700,000
$20,000
$75,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$50,000
$5,000
$15,000
Burglary, Residential
(1)
Domestic Battery, Agg
(1)
DUI, Agg (1)
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
$30,000
$10,000
$20,000
Forgery (1)
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$250,000
$50,000
$100,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$50,000
$30,000
$30,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$300,000
$50,000
$250,000
Theft (1)
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
DUI (2)
$30,000
$5,000
$17,500
$500,000
$500,000
$500,000
Fleeing/Eluding (2)
$100,000
$30,000
$65,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
Vehicular Hijacking
(1)
Violation of Protection
(1)
Total (68)
$1,000,000
$2,000
$30,000
36
Max
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
$10,000
$20,000
$50,000
$30,000
$30,000
$30,000
$5,000
$10,000
$50,000
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
$10,000
$35,000
$70,000
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
$5,000
$30,000
$50,000
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000
UUW (5)
$30,000
$75,000
$100,000
$90,000
$90,000
$90,000
$10,000
$17,500
$25,000
DUI (1)
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$25,000
$150,000
$150,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
Robbery (3)
$90,000
$100,000
$100,000
Fleeing/Eluding (1)
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
Burglary (2)
$50,000
$62,500
$75,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$200,000
$225,000
$250,000
Resisting/Obstructing (1)
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
$25,000
$512,500
$1,000,000
Theft (1)
$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
Total (67)
$1,000,000
$2,000
$30,000
37
Max
$100,000
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
$10,000
$45,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$50,000
$5,000
$20,000
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
UUW (7)
$150,000
$50,000
$75,000
DUI (1)
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$10,000
$25,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$10,000
$20,000
Fleeing/Eluding (1)
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$250,000
$10,000
$60,000
$25,000
$25,000
$25,000
$100,000
$50,000
$75,000
$250,000
$250,000
$250,000
$20,000
$2,000
$11,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Theft (2)
$50,000
$10,000
$30,000
Total (59)
$1,000,000
$2,000
$40,000
38
DMF N/A
Charge
Max
Min
Median
Charge
Max
Min
Median
Escape EM (16)
$250,000
$10,000
$70,000
$500,000
$200,000
$350,000
PCS (7)
$50,000
$10,000
$10,000
Resisting/Obstructing (2)
$100,000
$40,000
$70,000
Robbery (7)
$300,000
$50,000
$100,000
$40,000
$10,000
$25,000
$100,000
$10,000
$50,000
$75,000
$75,000
$75,000
$250,000
$50,000
$100,000
$200,000
$200,000
$200,000
$250,000
$2,000
$10,000
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
$150,000
$75,000
$100,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
Burglary (4)
$150,000
$10,000
$62,500
$150,000
$150,000
$150,000
$75,000
$10,000
$25,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$100,000
$40,000
$62,500
$25,000
$25,000
$25,000
$75,000
$30,000
$45,000
Stalking (1)
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Forgery (3)
$50,000
$5,000
$50,000
$30,000
$30,000
$30,000
$950,000
$600,000
$775,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
DUI (2)
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Unlawful/Interference/Public
Utility (1)
Violation of Protection (1)
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Felony Possession of
Cannabis (2)
$100,000
$10,000
$55,000
Total (92)
$950,000
$2,000
$50,000
39
Work Cited
Chicago Appleseed Fund for Justice, Cook County Central Bond Court Review, (Fall 2011):1