LHPG

*
Simulation and Analysis of LHPG Crystalline fiber Growth Under
Asymmetrical Perturbations*

1
1

P.Y. Chen ,

1
1

E.P. Huang ,

2
2

C.Y. Lo

(laser-heated pedestal growth,

LHPG)

(
)
LHPG

(Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, YAG)

LHPG

Lan

3 500
0.5
0.25 300
1000

LHPG

When under symmetrical conditions, microfloating zone showed symmetrical double eddy flow
eld. However, when perturbation increased, the double
eddy ow eld became skewed and nally unstable ow
field. This study investigated the influence of molten
zone on shape (vapor-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces)
and internal heat ow eld caused by the tilting of CO2
laser heating ring and gravity eld in LHPG crystalline
ber growth system.
A three-dimensional simulator was used to simulate
LHPG crystalline fiber growth system. The simulator
incorporated the conditions of diameter reduction ratio
and laser heating, and Lan's thermocapillary floating
numerical mode. We compared the molten zone shape
depicted by the simulator and that from the experiment.
The simulation result showed that the double eddy
flow field presented tilt in x-y plane at z=0. The flow
field vector and equipotential lines of the vertical and
horizontal flow field were no longer symmetry at the
central axial of the molten zone. The ow eld mainly
was affected by the laser heating ring deviation and
the influence decreased with the source rod scale and
diameter reduction ratio. The influence of gravity to
the flow field was negligible. We also simulated the
growth axis and the gravity eld perpendicular to each
other under 1000-m-diameter source rod. When the
surface tension is lowered (~ 500 dyn cm-1) vaporliquid interface drooped in the direction of gravity eld,
leading to tilt in the solid-liquid interface. Appropriate
heating ring with reverse angle compensation enabled
the solid-liquid interface to maintain symmetry, and
helped developing LHPG crystal ber growth with good
crystal quality along horizontal direction.

Key words: A1. Heat transfer, A1. Fluid flows, A2,

Laser heated pedestal growth, A2, Single
crystal growth, B1. Yttrium compounds

*
1

Department of Gemology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan

2

Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan

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LHPG (1)
Robert(2) Lan(3) Chen
Hu(4) Chen(5-7)

( )
LHPG

2011 ICAM (8)LHPG

(5-7)
Lan
(3,9,10)

0.5 mol.% 500500

<111> 10.6 (Synrad Firestar V40 40
)
45
( 1) LHPG 500
LHPG
LHPG 39
Lan
x-y a0~3
u0~3

IaAqx exp [aa (x/ga)2]

(1)

Aq ga x0 (1/e2) aa (5,7)
(11)
Df am/Df rmam2/Df2 Tm am rm
102

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1 LHPG(a)(c)()(a)()
()162416
(90)150
(b)(c) LHPGMhMc
He-NeCO2BCBSPAZLz1Lz2
ZnSe OBNDFCCDRI
ROWZnSePM gUf,cDf,c

(2)

y0
r

2r

y yPPr yPr RaT (T1) eg

(3)

(4)

y T2T
r

yP T Prnm/am nm
r

eg (a0) (a3) u
u0 u3 ( 1 z0
x-y )Tm (3) RaT

RaTbT gTmDf3 / nmam

(5)

bT g (c) (f)
r

ni exT ki T, i(c,f)

(6)

kiaiT/am ai (if) (ic)

r

ex

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 Vizman
Rosseland (12)

:
r

rr

t n s Ma (T / s )
r

(7)

rr

t n s n-s s s
Ma Marangoni :
Ma g / T TmDf / rmmam

(8)

g / T
r

( - ) (n y0)
r

r r

t n n (2H) B0l0

(9)

2H B0g/(rmgDf2) Bond g
(13)0
/ /

n mn ccos0
r

(10)

n m n c 0
0 AcUcAfUf Ac
Af
:
r

Q mQ igc(i ex)St n 0,i(c,f)

(11)

n Q mQ c Q f
r

gc St n H / CpmTm
H Cpm

n kiT iBi(TTa)Radi(T4Ta4)Ia (n mb) fmam,i(c,m,f)

(12)

n BihDf / km Biot RadiaiTm3Df / km

h km i
r

Ta b fm am
Lan (14)
(FVM)

104

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(3,5,7)
1(a) 1-D
(7)
1

3.685

5 (g cm-3)

4.3

m (g cm-3)

2243.2

Tm (K)

455.5

H (J g-1)

0.1*

k5 (W cm-1 K-1)

0.1*

km (W cm-1 K-1)

1.0*

Cps (J g-1 K-1)

0.39*

Cpm (J g-1 K-1)

780*

t (dyn cm-3)

-0.035*

/T (dyn cm-1 K-1)

0.4

m (g cm-1 s-1)

6.510

m (K-1)

0.7

s5

0.5

sm

0.1, 0.05, 0.03

Df (cm)

0.05, 0.025, 0.015, 0.0125

Dc (cm)

0.25

Uf (mmmin)

1.4

Uc (mmmin)

1.110-3

h (W cm-2 K-1)

500

Ts (K)

1.00-1.88

fm

0.5

Marangoni (Df=0.1,0.05,0.03)

723.2, 361.6, 216.9

(Df=0.1,0.05,0.03)

48.64, 6.08, 1.31

RT

-5

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(5,7) LHPG
3

(8)

3 3 ( ) ( )
( 3(b)) (5,7)
3 3(a) 3 3 z=0 x-y

(a)

(b)
(a-H1)

(a-L1)

(b-H1)

(b-L1)

TT

(a-L2)

(b-H2)

(a-H2)

500

P=3.56 W

P=4.06 W

0.5

(c)
(c-H1)

(c-L1)

(b)
Low-power

P=4.36 W

High-power

(c-L2)

Low-power

(c-H2)

(c)

Low-power

High-power

P=3.37 W

0.25 Reduction ratio

(a)
High-power

Source rod diameter (m)

300

P=5.07 W

(b-L2)

x
y

P=3.96 W

2 z=0()
()(a)
500m0.5(b)500m0.25(a)300m
0.5250.2 cms-1.
106

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 25
(u) 25 +y
-y

3(a)
(b) 3(a) -y

4( 3 )

4(a) 3 4(b) 3
4(a)
(7)
( 4(b))

5 4(a) 3
5(a) 0.25 5(b) 300
4(a)
(a )

(b )

3 (a)(b)
0.2 cms-1

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(a)

(b)

4 (a)3(b)
3

5 3(a)D = 500R = 0.25

(b)D = 300R = 0.5DR
108

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6 1000
(a)g = 780dg/dT = - 0.035(b)g = 780dg/dT = - 0.0035(c)g = 200dg/dT = 0.035gdg/dT

-y

Bond (5,7)

6(a) 0.5
1000 Bond
6(b)
(-0.0035dyncm-1 -1) (a)
-y 200dyncm-1
( )

LHPG

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LHPG

NSC-96-2221-E-019-021
NSC-100-2116-M-276-001NSC-101-2218-E-276-001NSC-101-2632-M-276-001

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

R. S. Feigelson, Journal of Crystal Growth 79 (1986) 669.

R. E. Green, Journal of Applied Physics 35 (1964) 1297.
C. W. Lan, Journal of Crystal Growth 247 (2003) 597.
J. C. Chen, C. Hu, Journal of Crystal Growth 149 (1995) 87.
P. Y. Chen, C. L. Chang, K. Y. Huang, C. W. Lan, W. H. Cheng, S. L. Huang, Journal of Applied Crystallography 42 (2009)
553.
(6) C. L. Chang, S. L. Huang, C. Y. Lo, K. Y. Huang, C. W. Lan, W. H. Cheng, P. Y. Chen, Journal of Crystal Growth 318 (2011)
674.
(7) P. Y. Chen, C. L. Chang, K. Y. Huang, C. W. Lan, W. H. Cheng, S. L. Huang, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 48 (2009)
115504.
(8) C. Y. Lo, P. Y. Chen, International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies, paper DD3-6, Suntec, Singapore
(2011).
(9) C. W. Lan, B. C. Yeh, Journal of Crystal Growth 262 (2004) 59.
(10) C. W. Lan, J. H. Chian, Journal of Crystal Growth 230 (2001) 172.
(11) C. W. Lan, C. Y. Tu, Journal of Crystal Growth 223 (2001) 523.
(12) D. Vizman, I. Nicoara, G. Muller, Journal of Crystal Growth 212 (2000) 334.
(13) C. W. Lan, M. C. Liang, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997) 621.
(14) C. W. Lan, M. C. Liang, Journal of Computational Physics 152 (1999) 55.

Ad. Index
December 2012
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