Chuong 1-2014

10/29/2014
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION HOCHIMINH CITY (UTE)
FEEE
CHNG I
Ensuring Enhanced Education
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BII GING
B
GING AN TO
TON
N I
IN
CC KHI NIM C BN
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PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
MC TIU
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
NI DUNG
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feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Ni dung bi hc trnh by cc phn sau:

Sau khi hc xong chng ny, sinh vin c kh nng :
t vn .
Tai nn in.
Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng thut ng, nhng

khi nim c bn trong mn hc ny.
Tc ng ca dng in i vi c th ngi.
Truyn t nhng kin thc c bn lm nn tng

bc tip vo nhng chng sau.
in p bc
Cc yu t nh hng n tai nn in.

Dng in tn trong t.
in p tip xc.
Phn loi cng trnh v trang thit b in.
Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra tai nn in.
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
T VN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
TAI NN IN
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in nng c s dng ph bin nhiu ni v trong

nhiu lnh vc:
Cc dng tai nn in
Sn xut, thng mi, dch v.

in git
Sinh hot cng dn.

Cng nghip.
Thnh th.
Nng thn.
Ho hon chy n
Cc tai nn in
t chy do in
Mi nguy him in ch bit khi ta tip xc vi cc phn t mang in,

nhng nh vy l c th nguy him n tnh mng.
S ngi lm vic lin quan n in ngy cng nhiu.
Cn quan tm n vn an ton in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
FEEE
TAI NN IN
FEEE
TAI NN IN
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IN GIT
Chm trc tip
Chm gin tip
Chm vo cc phn t bnh

thng c in p
Chm vo cc phn t bnh

thng khng c in p
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T CHY IN
Ngn mch ko theo pht sinh h quang

Phng in do in p cao
Chm in gin tip
Chm in trc tip
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
TAI NN IN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
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HA HON, CHY N
Dng in vt qu gii hn
lm dy pht nng sinh h
quang gy chy.
Ha cht t gn thit b c
dng ln,
ln nhit cao gy n
Ha hon, chy n xy ra
mi trng d chy n : bi
bm, ha cht,
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FEEE
Cc c ngc b co rt, cc th c tim co bp hn lon.

Tim thiu oxy ngng p
H thn kinh.
Sc in
Dn dn t lit
TC DNG CA DNG IN I VI C
TH CON NGI
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TC DNG GY CHN THNG
H quang in gy ra s hy dit lp da bn ngoi.

Nng hn l hy dit c bp,lp m, gn, xng.
t chy do in gy nng ton thn nu gi tr dng
ln v thi gian tn ti di s gy t vong
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
TC DNG KCH THCH
H h hp, h tun hon.
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
TH CON NGI
phn ng mnh lc u.
m man
t vong
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
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TH CON NGI
TC DNG TM L
Gy chong vng, hong lon

S st
Cnh gic hn khi tip xc vi thit b in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
FEEE
CC YU T NH HNG N TAI NN
IN GIT
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C TUYN DNG IN THI GIAN
Gi tr dng in qua ngi an ton :

i vi dng in xoay chiu (50-60 Hz) phi nh hn 10mA
IN GIT
FEEE
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C TUYN DNG IN THI GIAN
c tuyn dng in thi gian i vi dng in xoay

chiu tn s (15 100 Hz) :
Xc xut nght
Xc xut nght
tm tht 5%
tm tht 50%
i vi dng mt chiu phi nh hn 50mA
Thi gian in git cng ln th nguy him cng cao

Gi tr Imax v thi gian tn ti tim khng ngng p
Dng in Imax (mA)
Thi gian tn ti (s)
10
30
60
10
90
110
160
Khng
phn
ng
Xc xut nght
tm tht >50%
Tim ngng
p, ngng
h hp
250
0.4
Bp tht co li, c th
gy ri lon nhp tim
nu I tng v t ko
di
Khng gy
tc hi v
sinh l
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN GIT
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C TUYN IN P THI GIAN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
IN GIT
FEEE
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IN TR CA NGI
L quan h gia in p tip xc UT(V) v thi gian

dng in qua ngi.
L tr s in tr o c gia hai in cc t trn c

th ngi.
UT < 50V thi gian dng

qua ngi l v hn
in tr ngi lun
thay i ph thuc vo:
UT = 50V thi gian cho

php qua ngi l 5s
Lp sng trn da
Di tch
Din
t h tip
ti xc
p sut tip xc
Thi gian tip xc
Mi trng tip xc
C1
Rng
Ung
C2
m bo an ton
thng ly Rng = 1000
R1, C1: ien tr va ien

dung lp da v tr Ing i
vao ngi
Rng: ien tr noi tang c
the ngi
the
ngi
R2, C2: ien tr va ien
dung lp da v tr Ing i
ra khoi ngi
R1
R2
Ing
S tng ng in tr ngi
ng cong an ton
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN GIT
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NG I DNG IN QUA NGI
L tr s in tr o c gia hai in cc t trn c

th ngi.
ng i ca
dng in
1,3
Tay tri n chn
Tay phi
n
chn
08
0,8
Mc nguy him
Nguy him, t xy ra
1,5
0,7
0,3
0.7
0,8
Tha
s
Nguy him,
thng
xy
ra
Lng n tay tri
0,7
Kh nguy him
Lng n tay phi
0,3
t nguy him
Ngc n tay tri
1,5
Nguy him nht, t xy ra
Ngc n tay phi
1,3
Rt nguy him
Mng n tay
0,7
Kh nguy him
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN GIT
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TN S DNG IN
Dng in DC t nguy him hn dng in AC.

Dng in AC tn s cng nghip (50 60Hz) c bit nguy
him
Tn s cng cao cng t nguy him
Tc hi i vi ngi nhng di tn khc nhau
Di tn s
Tn gi
ng dng
Tc hi
DC- 10kHz
Tn s thp
Mch dn dng v
cng nghip
Pht nhit, ph
hy t bo
100kHz 100MHz
Tn s Radio
t in, nhit
in
Gia nhit in
mi t bo
100MHz 100GHz
Sng
Microware
L Viba
Gia nhit nc
Phn lng dng in qua tim
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
IN GIT
FEEE
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FEEE
IN GIT
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MI TRNG XUNG QUANH
m cng ln in tr ngi gim xung.

M hi, cc cht ha hc lm tng dn in ca da
Nhit mi trng tng, in tr ngi gim xung
Mc bn ca c th cng lm gim in tr ca da
IN P CHO PHP
L gi tr in p qui nh m con ngi c th chu ng

lu di.
Gi tr in p cho php ph thuc :
H thng phn phi in
Thi gian ct s c ca thit b bo v
T
Trong iu
i kin
ki bnh
b h thng
th
(UT = 50V) tiu
ti chun
h IEC
60038 qui nh :
i vi h thng TT, in p tip xc cho php ln nht l 50V
H thng TN
H thng IT
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
IN GIT
FEEE
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IN P CHO PHP
H thng IT
in p danh nh tmax (s)

U0(V)
in p danh
nh U0/U(V)
tmax (s)
Khng c dy
t
trung
t h
tnh
FEEE
DNG IN TN TRONG T
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Trong iu kin m t (UT = 25V) tiu chun IEC 60364

qui nh :
H thng TN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
C dy
ttrung tnh
t h
120
0,35
120/240
0,4
230
0,20
230/400
0,2
0,5
277
0,20
277/480
0,2
0,5
400,480
0,05
400/690
0,06
0,2
580
0,20
580/1000
0,02
0,08
Do h hng cch in,

mch in chm t,
dng in s c tn ra
trong t
Cc im khc nhau
trong t c s chnh
lch in p.
Vng quanh cc ni t
m dng in i qua gi
l trng tn dng in
Umax =
UA =
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
DNG IN TN TRONG T
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
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Quan h gia Ud v khong cch x t cc ni t
in p Ud
gim 68%
M hnh n gin dy dn t
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Ngoi 20m
xem nh
Ud = 0
10
in p Ud
gim 24%
Bi ging An ton in
DNG IN TN TRONG T
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Dng in tn t cc ni
t c th xem l chy
trong mt dy dn m tit
din tng theo bc 2 ca
bn knh q
qu cu q =2x2
in tr tn dng in ln
nht lp t phn cc
ni t
Uri ln nht
Cng xa cc ni t in
tr gim
Uri gim.
I.
2.x
Dng in tn trong t
Thi gian ct ln nht vi h thng IT
I.
2.x
x1
in p Ud
gim 8%
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
FEEE
IN P BC
FEEE
IN P BC
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feee.hcmute.edu.vn
L in p m con ngi phi chu khi chn tip xc hai

im trn mt t (sn), c s chnh lch in th do
dng tn trong t to nn.
Cc im cch u im
chm t to nn cc
vng trn ng th.
th
Tr s in p bc ph
thuc vo dng in
ngn mch, in tr
mng ni t v s b tr
ca h thng ni t
Cng xa im NM chm t Ub cng gim

Ub = 0 nu hai chn ngi
ng trn mt vng ng th
Ub = Ux Ux+a
Ub = Ia/2x(x+a)
Ngoi 20m c th xem nh

Ub = 0
Gii hn cho php ca Ub
th khng qui nh
Phn b in th cc im trn mt t
in p bc
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN P BC
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN P BC
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feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Ub nh khng gy nguy him do c tnh sinh l dng t

chn qua chn
Vi Ub = 100 250V, chn c th b co rt v s nguy
him nu ng v lc ny dng i t tay qua chn
hn ch AB, ngi ta quy nh tr s in tr ni
t cc i cho php i vi tng trng hp c th.
th
Khi xy ra chm t phi cm ngi n gn vi khong
cch :
Bi tp v d
Tnh in p bc Ub lc ngi ng cch ch chm t
x = 15m dng in chm t I = 5kA in, in tr xut
= 150m khong cch gia hai bc chn ngi a = 0,8m.
Gii
in p Ub c tnh nh sau :
Umax =
Id ..a
5000.150.0,8
=
=402,9V
2.x.(x+a) 2.15.(15+0,8)
4 5m i vi thit b trong nh
8 10m i vi thit b ngoi tri
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
IN P TIP XC
FEEE
IN P TIP XC
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feee.hcmute.edu.vn
L in p t vo ngi (tay-chn) khi ngi chm phi

vt c mang in p
in p ca
thit b chm v
so vi t
in p tip xc tng khi cng xa cc ni t

Tr s in p tip xc
t ln ngi :
UT = .U
: h
s tip
p xc
Gii hn cho php ca
UT th khng qui nh.
Tuy nhin:
H thng ni
t
UT < 50V (khng c

thit b bo v)
UT < 250V (c thit b
bo v)
in p tip xc
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
in p tip xc trong vng dng in

ngn mch
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
FEEE
FEEE
IN P TIP XC
IN P BC
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feee.hcmute.edu.vn
in p tip xc tng khi cng xa cc ni t

Tr s in p tip xc t
ln ngi :
UT = .U
: h s tip xc
in p tip xc s nh
nu b phn ni t tri
rng trn mt din tch ln.
Gi s tip xc theo ng tay-chn

in p t ln ngi khi ngn mch trong vng tn dng in :
Ung1 = U - Ux1 Un
Ngoi vng tn :
Ung2 = U - Un
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
FEEE
IN P TIP XC
IN P TIP XC
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MT S TIU CHUN LIN QUAN
Tiu chun IEC qui nh thi gian ct cc i vi gi nh

UL = 50V
in p tip xc gi
nh (V)
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Thi gian ct ln nht ca thit b bo v (s)

Dng xoay chiu
Dng mt chiu
<50
50
75
0,60
90
0,45
120
0,34
150
0,27
220
0,17
0,40
280
0,12
0,30
350
0,08
0,20
500
0,04
0,10
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Tiu chun IEC qui nh thi gian ct cc i vi gi nh

UL = 25V
in p tip xc gi
nh (V)
Thi gian ct ln nht ca thit b bo v (s)

Dng xoay chiu
Dng mt chiu
25
50
0 48
0,48
75
0,30
90
0,25
0,80
110
0,18
0,50
150
0,12
0,25
230
0,05
0,06
280
0,02
0,02
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
FEEE
IN P BC
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Tiu chun Php
Utx = Ung = Rng.Ing

1200 * 10 mA = 12 V
2500 * 10 mA = 25 V
Utxcp
12 V
24 V
5000 * 10 mA = 50 V
48 V
Ngp nc
m t
1200 * 10 mA = 12 V
2500 * 10 mA = 25 V
12 V
Kh ro
5000 * 10 mA = 50 V
Ngp nc
m t
Kh ro
Tiu chun IEC :
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PHN LOI CNG TRNH
Mi trng lm vic kh ro, khng c bi bn dn in, to < 25oC

Khng c phn kim loi ni t
Sn c cch in
Cng trnh nguy him :

Mi trng lm vic c m 75 - 97%,
97% c bi dn in,
in to 30oC
Phn kim loi dn in kh nhiu
Sn dn in
Cng trnh c bit nguy him :

25 V
50 V
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
PHN LOI CNG TRNH V TRANG

THIT B IN
Cng trnh t nguy him :
in p tip xc cho php Utxcp

Nh xng
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Mi trng lm vic c m >97%, c bi dn in, to > 30oC

Phn kim loi ni t nhiu (60% vng lm vic)
Sn kim loi
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
PHN LOI CNG TRNH V TRANG

THIT B IN
FEEE
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PHN LOI TRANG THIT B
Theo in p
FEEE
NGUYN NHN CHNH GY RA TAI NN

IN
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MNG H P
Nguyn nhn ch yu l do ngi chm vo :
Trang thit b c in p cao U 1000V

Trang thit b c in p thp U < 1000V
Dy dn ang mang in khng bc cch in.

Cch in b h hng, xung cp
Theo vic b tr v tr cc trang thit b
Hin tng chm v
V tr c nh
Di ng
Cm tay
Khng c np che chn
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE

IN
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
MNG CAO P
Nguyn nhn ch yu l do h quang in :

Khi ngi n gn thit b hay
ng dy c in p cao, d
khng chm nhng vn c th b
tai nn in.
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn

IN
KHNG CHP HNH QUI TRNH K THUT AN
TON IN
T tro ln ct in.
IN P BC
Khi dy dn mang in b t
v ri xung t, dng in i
vo t, ti mi im ca t
c mt in th. Cng gn
im chm t in th cng
cao
cao.
Nu ngi trong vng chm
t s b tc ng bi in p
bc.
Bc chn cng ln in p
t ln ngi cng cao.
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh

IN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn

IN
KHNG CHP HNH QUI TRNH K THUT AN
TON IN
Vi phm hnh lang an ton li in
S dng thit b in khng ng qui cch, khng m

bo cht lng
Sa cha in trong nh khng ct cu dao in
S dng in ba bi, khng ng mc ch
T tro ln ct in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in
Chch in
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
10/29/2014
FEEE

IN
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
NGI S DNG IN
Ngi s dng in khng c o to, trang b kin

thc v an ton in mt cch y , h thng.

IN
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
NGI S DNG IN
Do trnh cn b t chc qun l cng tc lp t, xy

dng v sa cha cng trnh in cha tt
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
IN GIT
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
IN P CHO PHP
H thng TN
Thi gian ct s c ln nht tmax (s) tng ng vi in p hiu
dng xoay chiu vi t U0 (V)
U0 (V)
tmax (s)
120
08
0,8
230
0,4
277
0,4
400
0,2
>400
0,1
Thi gian ct ln nht vi h thng TN
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
FEEE
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
IN GIT
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
IN P CHO PHP
H thng IT
Thi gian ct s c ln nht tmax (s) tng ng vi in p hiu
dng xoay chiu pha - trung tnh / pha - pha U0 / U (V)
in p danh nh
U0/U (V)
tmax (s)
Khng c dy trung tnh
C dy trung tnh
120/240
0,8
230/400
0,4
0,8
400/690
0,2
0,4
580/1000
0,1
0,2
Thi gian ct ln nht vi h thng IT
PGS.TS.Quyn Huy nh
Bi ging An ton in

Chuong 1-2014

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Chuong 1-2014

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10/29/2014

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ni dung bi hc trnh by cc phn sau:

Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng thut ng, nhng

Truyn t nhng kin thc c bn lm nn tng

Cc yu t nh hng n tai nn in.

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

in nng c s dng ph bin nhiu ni v trong

Sn xut, thng mi, dch v.

Sinh hot cng dn.

Mi nguy him in ch bit khi ta tip xc vi cc phn t mang in,

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Chm trc tip

Chm gin tip

Chm vo cc phn t bnh

Chm vo cc phn t bnh

Ngn mch ko theo pht sinh h quang

Chm in gin tip

Chm in trc tip

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Cc c ngc b co rt, cc th c tim co bp hn lon.

TC DNG GY CHN THNG

H quang in gy ra s hy dit lp da bn ngoi.

TC DNG KCH THCH

H h hp, h tun hon.

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Gy chong vng, hong lon

Ensuring Enhanced Education

C TUYN DNG IN THI GIAN

Gi tr dng in qua ngi an ton :

Ensuring Enhanced Education

C TUYN DNG IN THI GIAN

c tuyn dng in thi gian i vi dng in xoay

i vi dng mt chiu phi nh hn 50mA

Thi gian in git cng ln th nguy him cng cao

Ensuring Enhanced Education

C TUYN IN P THI GIAN

Ensuring Enhanced Education

L quan h gia in p tip xc UT(V) v thi gian

L tr s in tr o c gia hai in cc t trn c

UT < 50V thi gian dng

UT = 50V thi gian cho

R1, C1: ien tr va ien

Ensuring Enhanced Education

NG I DNG IN QUA NGI

L tr s in tr o c gia hai in cc t trn c

Tay tri n chn

Lng n tay tri

Lng n tay phi

Ngc n tay tri

Nguy him nht, t xy ra

Ngc n tay phi

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Dng in DC t nguy him hn dng in AC.

Phn lng dng in qua tim

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Ensuring Enhanced Education

MI TRNG XUNG QUANH