BJI~I1NfI1P fB03,LLEH

rrOJIA3MIIITA If ~MJbEBM

M~OnOlliKOrITPOqABAffiA
ICInIDKEBHocrn

ITpelIITaMrraHO
360pHHKa

Marnue

H3
cpncxe

sa KInH){(eBHOCT H Je3HK
KInHra

xerpnecer zresera (2001),

CBeCKa

1-2

UDC 82.091
886.1-95

I10JIA3IUIITA

I1 UI1JbEBI1 I1MAfOJIOIIIKOr
KlhI1)KEBHOCTI1

I1POYQABAlhA

BAaaUMUp Fe03aeH
CA>KET AK: Pan npeacrasrsa
npaxas I1MarOJIOmje xao anaxajnor MeTo.uOJIOlllKOrycuepea,a Y caapeneaoj
nayu 0 Klhl1>KeBHOCTI1
11 KOMnapaTI1CTMUI1.Y rexcry ce najrrpe aHaJII1311pajy panOBI1 y KOjl1Ma je, on nenecerux ronaaa 20. sexa, ofipaanaraa 3HalJ.aj npoyxaaarsa CJII1Ka,Upyror y Klhl1>KeBHOCTI1.
Hajseha nasosa nocseheaa je
crynajava
0 reopaja 11 MeTo.uOJIOmjl1 I1MarOJIOmje I1CTaKHYTorcaspexreaor KOMnapaTI1CTe ,llaHl1jeJI AHPI1 Ilancoa (Daniel-Henry
Pageaux), KOjl1 noxytuasa aa rtoaexce saasajae npouece JII1Tepapl13auaje 11 conajanaaauaje.
Ha xpajy ce 113Hoce Morynl1 .uonpl1HOCI1
I1MarOJIOlllKI1XI1CTPa>KI1Balhanayua 0 Klhl1>KeBHOCTI1
yonurre.
KJbyqHE
PEYVI: I1MarOJIOmja, KOMnapaTMCTMKa,CeMI10JIOraja, I1HTepKyJIrypHe seae, Klhl1>KeBHOCT11 xynrypa, ,llaHl1jeJI AHPI1
na>Ko.

Baaceha

KOHIJ;enURja KtbI1)l{eBHOCTR paannjena TOKOM rrocneznsa ,UBa CTOnenpecraao

rtoxasyje
R ztoxaayje CBOjy ,Uy60KY 3aBRCHOCT O,U nrapax
KYJITYPHRX KOHTeKCTa. Ilpcysaaarse
HaUROHaJIHRX KtbR)I{eBHOCTR, rrocefino y
ztpyroj nOJIOBRHR 19. nexa, nOMOrJIO je YTeMeJbeI-hY HaUROHaJIHRX TPa,URURja
R ncropaja.
KOMnapamCTHKa,
xoja je y CBOjOj rrpsoj <pa3R 6RJIa MJIa1)a cecrpa HaUROHaJIHe KtbR)I{eBHe acropaorpadmje,
rparana je, Y OKBRPY n03RTHBRCTRqKRX MeTo,Ua, aa YTRuajRMa cnoje KtbR)I{eBHOCTR y ,UpyrRM JIRTepaTYPaMa. Y mrratsy
je, HapaBHO, 6J.10 06JIRK npeCTJ.1)1{a. Caspeveaa nneja KIbR)l{eBHOCTR nOTJ1qe J.13pa3,U06Jba npeofipazcaja npscannor CJ.1CTeMay Mo,UepHa
rpahaucxa
zrpyurrna, y KojRMa cy rrene YMeTHOCTJ.1rrpeysene, KaKO ce Y ",U06a
eCTeTJ.1Ke" CMaTpaJIO, ynory xyaapa ueJIOBRTOCTJ.1J.1H,UJ.1BR'uYaJIHOr
er3RCTeHUJ.1jaJIHOr RCKYCTBa. TOKOM 06JIRKOBaI-ha HaUROHaJIHJ.1XJ.1,UeHTHTeTaYMeTHOCT
(KIbR)I{eBHocT) je nOTBp1)J.1BaJIa KpeaTRBHY MOry1i.HOCT J.1H,UlfBJ.1,Uye,
aJI}{ lfH,UlfBJ.1.uyexoja upne J.13umpoxor
norsa "HaUROHaJIHOr ztyxa", HaUJ.10HaJIHOr
,ja". Jasana ce nOTOM OQJ.1fJIe,UHanorpefia
- xojy je 3a,UOBOJbRJIaxosmapaTlfCTRKa - aa ClfCTeMaTCKlfM OCMaTPaIbeM KaKO je TO "Moje HaUROHaJIHO ja",
rrpe csera <ppaHuYCKO, HeMaQKO RJIJ.1eHrJIeCKO, YTJ.1UaJIOna npyra, Malbe RJIlf
BJ.1111e
lfH<peplfopHa
,ja".

neha

212
,[(aHac HeC)'Mtbl.fBOrrosnajevo BeJIl.fKl.f6poj crpamrx KYJITypa, CMaTpaMO
l.fCTOTaKO na rrosnajevo BJIaCTl.fTy.Ilocezryjevo "CJIl.fKe 0 npyrava",
cxyn
yaepetsa 0 Tl.frrWIHl.fMOC06l.fHaMa l.f Ha'-ll.fHYnonaurarsa npyre rpyrre, '-IaK
naso mncana Hl.fCMO60paBl.fJIl.f y CTpaHHM 3eMJbaMa H Hl.fKana Hl.fCMO6l.fJIl.fY
rrpnmnn na CaMl.f yrroaaavo l.f rrpouessyjevo KOJIl.fKOcy onpehena ranosa
perrpeaerrraramra
sa onpeheae aapone. Ilocenyjexo, naxne, "CJIHKey HallIl.fM
rnasaaa" 0 CBeTy xoja Hac oxpyacyje, xoje otipasyjevo Kp03 3HaKOBHe cacreMe KYJIType y KOjOj )f(l.fBHMO.Taxo, KaKO rroxasyjy HOBHja COUl.fjaJIHOrrCl.fXOJIOIliKa ncrpaacaaaa,a,
ce6e nO)f(HBJbaBaMOxao rocrorsytiane, nOHOCHe l.f ocehajae, nOK CJIOBeHue, npavepa paznr, CMaTpaMO ,,'-Il.fCTl.fM,KYJITyPHl.fM,uaBl.fJIl.f30BaHl.fMl.f BpenHl.fM JbynHMa".1 "YIlITOrJbeHl.f" EHrJIe3, "rrpaKTWIHl.f"
Hesrau, "BaTpeHl.f Illnanau",
,,6p6JbHBl.f HTaJIHjaH" - '-IeCTOcy OHl.f erreMeHTl.f nannrx paarosopa KOjH ya HajMaI-be pe-nt nocnosy MaKCl.fMaJIaHY'-Il.fHaK Y KOM)'Hl.fKaUl.fjl.f.Crenen neonpeheaocra
"l.fCTl.fHe" OBaKBl.fXOnIlITl.fX
MeCTa y jezraoj kyrrrypn sapapa. Maorn Jbynl.f he rrpasnarn na y TaKBl.fMreuepanaaaunjaaa
"l.fMa aesera",
amr na ce OHe nrrax He MOry rrpl.fMeHl.fTl.fy
CBl.fMcirryauajaaa,
OnHOCHOna l.fMje nexaa 60Jbe npacrymrra
KPl.fTl.f'-lKl.f
l.f
CaMOKpl.fTl.f'-lKl.f
.
Y enponcxoj xynrypn OBaKBe "HaUl.fOHaJIHe xapaxrepacraxe''
npncyrae
cy onasao, a nocefiaa anasaj n06Hjajy y erroxn penecaace.? TIpB.l1rrocpeznnnc
l.f npenocnnau
CJIl.fKe0 npyrosr CBaKaKOje 6HO npan '-IoBeKKojH je ornurao
KOn cycena l.f noneo HeKY npnsy 0 HOBHM06l.f'-lajl.fMa. Mehynr, y HaYUH 0
Ktbl.f)f(eBHOCTl.fcxrarpa ce na je 3JIaTHOztofia rryroaatsa 6l.fJIOon 16. no nosterxa 20. sexa, jep 0 rryrcsanoora
H3 Tor paanofirsa nocroje MHor06pojHa rmcana CBenO'-laHCTBa.Yrrorpe6a "HaUHOHaJIHl.fXxapaxrepacrnxa",
npncyraa on
16. sexa KOn MHor06pojHl.fX Ktbl.f)f(eBHHKa,TeMeJbl.f ce na OHOMe IlITO 6l.f ce
Momo uaasara
"Cl.fHXPOHl.fjCKl.fM
eCeHUl.fjaJIl.f3MOM",3aCHOBaHHM na ysepetby na 06jeKTl.fBHOnocroje "HaUl.fje", zta ce OHe MOry H30JIOBaTl.fl.f na ce MOry pa3JIHKOBaTl.fjeznre on npyrnx, re na ce CBaKa OMl.fKYje BJIaCTl.fTHMxapaxrepov KOjl.f ce MO)f(e aaamraaparn.
HenaBHO orxpaneae
"Ta6eJIe aapona"
Haj60Jbe cnenoae 0 xaxsoj je npofinevaraujr
pes. Tatco, na rrpjoaep, jezma
yrsaaa CJIl.fKal.f3 aycrpnjcxe 06JIaCTl.f Illrajepcxe, xoja norase l.f3 rtpse rpeli.l.fHe XVIII BeKa,3 iorycrpyie rana nnanajyhe rrpencrase 0 ermr-ncoj xnjepapmjl.f l.f MeCTy nojenannx napona y "eBporrcKoj noponaua".
.Kpanor npnxaa
esporrcxax nauaja l.f I-bl.fXOBl.fX
xapaxrepacnrxa"
noxasyje necer )f(l.fBOrrl.fCHl.fX
MYIIIKl.fX<tmrypa xoje rtpencrasrsajy paamcnrre nauaje: y rnrraisy cy IIIrranau, <l>paHUY3,XOJIaHljaHl.fH, Hevau, EHme3, Illsehaaaa,
TIOJbaK, Mahap,
MOCKOBJbaHl.fH(Pyc) l.f, xao jemra xareropnja na KpajI-beM Herarl.fBHOM nony
CJIl.fKe,Typ-nor l.fJIl.f Tpx. <l>l.frype ce nopene y cenasoraecr xareropnja: rex1 LijJaraH Ilonannh-c-Maxnour
Bapo, Aymoctuepeouiuuu u xetuepoctuepeotuuuu Cp6a y CpnOIlI1Tl1'lKa MI1CaO, rozt. VI, 6p. 1-2, Beorpan 1999, 93.
2 3a npasrepe B. JaKo6 Bypxxapr (Jacob Burckhardt),
Kapaxtiiepusauuje napooa u epaooea,
KYIlTYpa peaecance
Y J.1TaIII1j11, npea, MI1IlaH Ilpenor, J.13IlaBa<fKaKI-bI1)f(apHl1ua 30paHa CrojaHOBl1na, Cp, KapIloBUI1 1989, 225-226; )J{aH .ll.eIlI1MO(Jean Delimeau), Ilueunusauuja penecauce, HOBI1 Can 1989, 35 11 narse.
3 Pa3III1<fI1Te sepaaje CIlI1Ke 11 cjajao ryvaseae B. Y Franz K. Stanzel, Europaer: Ein imagologischer Essay, Universitatsverlag
C. Vinter, Heidelberg,
1998. Ha OBY Kl-bl1ry yrryrno Me je
nporp, liP Maoapar Paaoaah.

6uju, HOBa cpncxa

213
nepasretrr,
napas, I1HTeJIeKT, 60JIeCTI1, nOpOU;I1, CTpaCTI1, anaise, nounsa,
sojaa seumma, sepa I1T.n. I1aKo nenyje 11 KaO rryxa xyvopaa nnycrpauaja
crepeornna,
CJII1Kaje sarrpano jacaa 113pa3 nOMeHyTOr CI1HXPOHl1jcKoreceaU;l1jaJII13Ma.Ilocvarpas,
Hal1Me, 6P30 YBl1lja KOJII1KOcy, y CTBapl1, CTepeOTI1rra 0 HapO.nI1Ma nOMQ)KHI1 rrpoxeaava,
11 KOJII1KOcy 3aBl1CHl1 on I1CTOPl1jCKOr 11 nOJII1TI1'lKOr KOHTeKCTa. Illnanau je rana 6110 03Ha'leH xao I1HTeJII1rearan 11 My.nap, <l>paHIJ;y3xao onpesaa, Hevau xao .nyxOBI1T, Enrnes xao
3JIOBOJbaH, I1HTeJIeKT Ilorsaxa 6110 je orpaansea,
Mahapa JOIll Mal-bl1, Pyca
"HenocTojetl.l1", a Typsmra/Tpxa
,jOIll Mal-bI1". Y norrrezry onesarsa Illrranau
fienre ,,113Y3eTaH", <l>paHU;Y3"npOMeHJhI1B", Hevau " nonpancasan au;" , EHrJIe3 "CJIe.n6eHI1K <ppaHIJ;yCKI1X0611'Iaja", .nOKcy Typxe 11 Fpxe on~l1JI11 na
noce )f(eHCKY onehy. TaKaB CI1CTeM yormrraaaisa
no XOPl130HTaJIHOj OCI1,
npiorep rpamse xnjepapxaje on n03l1Tl1BHOr xa HeraTI1BHOM rrony, rtpacyran
je 11y MHor06pojHl1M Klbl1)f(eBHI1M.neJII1Ma, y Kojl1Ma 0611'lHO HaJIa3I1MO, aJIl1
11OJIaKO3a0611JIa311MO,ofipnce CKYTIaKYJITypOJIOIllKI1X
xonona KOjl1ysecrsyiy
y rpaznsn OBaKBl1X"Ta6eJIa napona" csaxor I1CTOpl1jcKor pasnofirsa.
TaKBI1 eTHl1'lKI1 I1JII1HaU;110HaJIHI1crepeorarnr
rrpezraer cy npacryna y
OHOMzteny HaYKe 0 Klbl1)f(eBHOCTI1KOjl1ce 30Be I1MarOJIOrl1ja.4 Y naaanneeu
TpeHYTKy Klbl1)f(eBHa I1MarOJIOrl1ja ce, MeljyTl1M, TeMeJhI1 na npeTnOCTaBU;11na
je crenen I1CTI1HI1TOCTI1
TaKBI1XOnIllTI1XMeCTa y KYJITYPI1nesaacaa np06JIeM.
CaBpeMeHI1 I1MarOJI0311, non yTl1u;ajeM nOCTCTpYKTYpaJII13Ma,xpajise cy CYMlbl1'laBI1 npesra 06jeKTl1BHoj I1CTI1HOCHOjBpe.nHOCTI1TaKBl1X "CJII1Ka" (images), crepeornna
11 "HaU;110HaJIHl1XKapaKTepI1CTI1Ka". I1aKo cy neposaaa
y
MHore on TI1XCJII1KaMalbe I1JII1BI1Ille I1paU;110HaJIHa,nocnennue neposaaa y
l-bI1XMOry 6l1Tl1 11re KaKO CTBapHe, IllTO je BI1Ille rryra HaJIa3l1JI0 norspny na naaenevo cavo jenaa aKryeJIHI1 rrpavep - y cnyxajy nOJII1TI1'lKl1X(3JI0)ynorpefia crepeornna
0 EaJIKaHY xao ,,6ypeTY 6apyTa". Ha npmrep, I1MarOnora nehe 3aHl1MaTl1 YHl1Bep3aJIHa I1CTI1HI1TOCT
cnezrehe apaxrepasanaje
Byrapa y jezmoj pe'leHI1U;11 113 Ipaooea U xuuepa JOBaHa .ll:yql1na: "AKo TIyTyjy
6pana naura Byrapn, onna rryryjy ynsoje: 3aTO IllTO jenan 3Ha zta mmre, a
npynr 3Ha na 'lI1Ta, aJIl1 Hl1je.naH He 3Ha ofiannoje."> Ilpoysasaoua
nehe, naKJIe, 3aHl1MaTl1 na JII1 cy OBe pesa I1CTI1HI1Te(TO he JIaKO YCTaHOBI1TI1nposePOM CTaTI1CTl1'lKl1Xnonaraxa 0 nI1CMeHOCTl1y Byrapcxoj), Ben uoiJ KOjUM
ycnoeuua one uociuajy uoeyhe, a TO he nOTOM YKJhyql1TI1Y ncrpaacanatse
IllI1POKI1 OKBI1PI1CKa311Balba, Be3aH KaKOaa npyre TeKCTOBeJOBaHa .ll:yql1na (.nI1TIJIOMaTCKecmrce, eceje, 'lJIaHKe, mrcva 11CJI.) TaKO 11sa TeKCTOBeKYJITYpey
Kojl1Ma cy, nOCJIe xeaajaarseaor
nanana 6yrapcKe sojcxe na cpncxe rpyrre
1913. ronmre, nerosaae
HeraTI1BHe "CJII1Ke" Byrapa. To nonpaayveaa
na
CJII1Kanehe 6l1Tl1 TOJII1KOnocvarpaira
y CBOMO.nHOCYnpeva nexaxao] sesao]
11 YHl1Bep3aJIHoj I1CTI1HI1KOJII1KOnpeva OC06l1HaMa KYJITYPOJIOIllKOr
KOHTeKCTa y KojeM ce OHa janrsa. Kana, naxne, HeKI1 rtncau, norryr "peaJII1CTe" TOJIcroja y Patay U MUPY, narnnne na je Hevau "caMOYBepeH rope on CBI1X,jase
on CBI1X11 ozrsparaaje on CBI1X,jep OH MI1CJII1zta 3Ha I1CTI1HY
... ", 6 rrpso rra4 Ha

cjlpaHU)'CKOM,

XOJIaHllCKOM 11 HeMa'iKOM je311K)'

imagologie; aa

eHrJIeCKOM je311K)'

image studies.
5 JOBaH .uY'll1h,

6 11. H. TOJICTOj,
orpaa,

53.

Fpaa06U U xuuepe,

Paw

U MUP,

KIb.

CK3,

Beorpaa

III, npea.

1940, 276.

MI1JJOBaH 11 CTaHKa fJII1111l1h,

Ilpocaera,

Be-

214
raise xoje 6Y.Ll,eMOnOCTaBHJIHnehe 6HTH na JIH cy OBe pesra HCTHHHTe,Ben
KOJIHKOje OBaKaB HCKa3 nacua 3aBHcaH O.Ll,KOHTeKCTa.TIPBO H HeH36e)f{HO
rrnrarse he 6HTH: KO rosopa? KOMece ofipaha? 3allITO je TaKBa noeirra 6HTHa
aa ayropa? xoje nOJIHTHqKe OKOJIHOCTH
cy Morne na yra-ry na TaKaB CTaB?
rtoxrohy KOjHX cpencrasa ayrop naztane ysepana qHTaOua na je iseroa CTaB
sarsaa? KOjH je TeKCTy rnrrarsy (pOMaH, ecej, necxra)?
Ilanac ce, ynpano 360r lheHor HOBor )f{HBOTanon YTHuajeM nOCTCTpYKTYPaJIH3Ma,qeCTO CTJ1qenorpeuran YTHCaKna je HMarOJIOmja HOBa .Ll,HCUHTIJIHHa.7 Moacna je TO H onpaanano, YKOJIHKOce Y3MY y 063HP npeofipaacaja
xoje je osaj BH.Ll,npoyxaaatsa rrperpneo TOKOMrrocnemse nse neuexnje non
YTHuajeM KaKOpasnoja reopnje KlhH)f{eBHOCTHTaKO H npyrnx xyMaHHCTJ1qKHX
HaYKa, npe cnera COUHOJIOmje,eTHOJIOmje H ncropaje. CneUHjaJIHOCTynopenne KlhH)f{eBHOCTHxoja rtpoyxaaa HHTepKYJITYpHeO.Ll,HOCe
y CMHCny ysajaxnror nocvarpaa,a, CJIHKa0 caMOM cefia (auto-image) H CJIHKa,Upyror (hetero-image), HaCTaJIaje y <DpaHuycKoj, xana cy ce H.Ll,ejenpacyrne y Pa.Ll,OBHMa jour O.Ll,TpH.Ll,eCeTHX
rO.Ll,HHaKPHCTaJIH30BaJIertenecernx rO.Ll,HHa20. sexa
non HMeHOM etudes d'images et de mirages ('npoyqaBal-be CJIHKaH oncena').
TepMHH He .Ll,OJIa3HH3 Kl-bH)f{eBHOCTH,Ben cy ra rrpna TIYT nOqeTKOM Bexa ynOTpe6HJIH nCHXOJI03H.Ilpesra nCHXOaHaJIHTJ1qKoj
reopnja imago (JIaT.
'CJIHKa, mill') 3aMHllIJbeHa je HeCBeCHanpencrana HJIH CJIHKao6jeKTa. TIO.Ll,cehaisa paznr, y nCHXOaHaJIH3Yje osaj TepMHH yaeo Jynr (c. G. lung) na 6H
03HaqHO CJIHKYnexe aaasaine qmrype, na npaxep MajKe HJIH oua, xoja noCTOjHy (KOJIeKTHBHo)HeCBeCHOM.TepMHH je npaxsarao <Dpoj.Ll,(S. Freud) H
npOIlIHpHO ra nOTeHUHjaJIHOna CBe CJIHKesna-rajaax oco6a, a He cavo aa
saasajae CJIHKerrpanammxa rtopomrue. TIOTOMje pes uuaeonoeuja 6HJIa H3sezrena H3 nCHXOJIOrHje napona, KaKO 6H 6HJIa npoumperra Ha nojav C/IUxe KOJIeKTHBHorMeHTaJIHTeTa.8Ilpoysanaoun
Kl-bH)f{eBHOCTHy <J)paHUYCKoj
npeY3eJIH cy osaj TepMHH xpajeu llIe3.Ll,eCeTHX
rO.Ll,HHana 6H 03HaqHJIH anaJIH3Y CJIHKacrpanor y Kl-bH)f{eBHHM.Ll,eJIHMa.Hexana BeOMa anasajna rpnjana
voyages, images, mirages H cava pes imagologie HaCTaJIHcy y <J)paHuycKoj
na 6H HX npeysena npoysaaaoun H3 npyrnx npacasa, najnpe y Hesrasxoj a
nOTOM H urape, y PYMYHHjH, XOJIaH.Ll,HjH,MTaJIHjH H Cje.Ll,Hl-beHHM
'uP)f{aBaMa. Ilpoysasaae
CJIHKaHJIH npaxasaaarsa CTpaHOr, HJIH HMarOJIOrHja, 6HJIO
je TOKOMnenennja OMHJbeHaaKTHBHOCT<ppaHuycKe IlIKOJIe ynopeznre KlhH)f{eBHocm: y Op6HTY ra je H36aUHo )I(aH Mapa Kape (Jean-Marie Carre), 3a)f{HBeJIOje, a l-berOBY onfipaay H ornrc H3Heo je Mapnyc <J)paHcoa I'njap
(Marins-Francois Guyard) y 3aBpllIHOM nOrJIaBJbYMaJIOr pana Yaopeona KIbUeeenocai y 6H6JIHOTeUH Que saisje? "L' etranger tel qu' on voit" (' crpanau
KaKBHMra BH.Ll,HMO').9
Ilnraa,e KaKOce rJIe.Ll,aJIO
na crpanue, no <ppaHuycKoM
KOMnapaTHcTH fHjapy, OTKpHBaHOB acnexr ynopezme KlhH)f{eBHOCTH,na ce
nanarse OBa .Ll,HCUHnJIHHa
paaanja y l-beHHMOKBHpHMa.MMarOJIOmja je .Ll,06HJIa .Ll,O.Ll,aTHe
rroncrpexe y HCTOj.Ll,eueHHjH,xana cy aHTpOnOJI03HH COUHjaJIHH
7 Y TOj 3a6.rrylU1 je, na npHMep, n03HaTa fiyrapcxa HCTOpH'JapKa Mapnja T01l0pOBa xoja
1996. nnure: "nojaBHJla ce jeaaa caCBHM HOBa llHCUHnJlHHa - uuaeonoiuja - xoja ce 6aBH CJlHKaMa npyror y KIbHlKeBHOCTH"(l1MaiuHapHu EMKaH, OH6J1HOTeKaXX BeK, Beorpan 1999, 22).
8 B. Oliver Brachfeld, Notes sur l'imagologie ethnique, 1962.
9 Marins-Francois
Guyard, La Litterature comparee, Paris 1951.

215
rrCHXOJI03H rrosemt na KPHTHI<yjy BJIaCTHTO eTHOueHTpHqHO H eceHUHjaJIHCTwqKO HaCJIe1)e. Revue de psychologie des peuples nonynana je 3aHHMlbHBY
KPHTHqKY aHaJIH3Y HaUHOHaJIHHX M.n:eHTHTeTaxao KOJIeKTHBHHX CJIHKa 0 caMOM ceria. Kao nocnemrua csera Tora y pa3.n:06JbY H3Me1)y 1953. H 1967. ro.n:HHe y <t>paHuycKoj je o6jaBJbeH HH3 3aHMMJbHBHX HMarOJIOlllKMX paztosa.'?
MaKO cy OBY rpany KOMrrapaTHCTHKe o.n:6aUHBaJIH <pOPMaJIHCTHqKMycMepeHH KlbH)KeBHH KpHnrqapH H KOMrrapaTMCTH, na qeny ca PeHeOM BeJIeKOM (R. Wellek),!' OHa je MMaJIa CJIe.n:6eHHKauraposr Espone, rrpe csera y
Hexraxxoj, rne cy KPHTwqKO npoysaaaa,e HaUMOHaJIHe H.D:eHTM<pHKaUHjeH
.n:eKOHCTPYKUMja HaUHOHaJIH3Ma, rro CBeMY cyneha, cxaahena xao sanarax
KOjM HaMehy. rpeunce H3 HOBHje rrpOlllJIOCTH. fJIaBHY ynory y rrpenocy H.n:eja
H3 <t>paHuYCKe y HeMaqKY omrrpao je 6eJImjcKH KOMrrapaTHCTa Xyro ,UM3epHHK (Hugo Dyserinck),
KOjH je pazrao na YHHBep3MTeTY y AxeHY. Y jenaov
on HajBa)KHMjMx -maaaxa sa HMarOJIOrHjy, o6jaBJbeHOM na HeMaqKOM je3HKY,
OH yrryhyje na norse CTY.n:Mjaxoje Ha3HBa, rro yrneay na <t>paHuY3e, Image-Forschung ('rrpoyqaBaI-be CJIHKa ztpyrnx napona')." OBaKBM rperryun npenoca jezrne reopaje HJIH MeTo.n:OJIOmje H3 jenne je3HqKe M HaUMOHaJIHe cpe.n:HHe y ztpyry 06HqHO oaaa-rasajy H lbHXOBO ycnocraarsarse
xao urnpe npnXBaheHHX Bpe.n:HOCTH. Haxo ce 1971. y Hevasxo] 0 OBOj MeTo.n:Mjour YBeK
rOBOpHJTO xao 0 HOBOj 06JIaCTH KOMrrapaTMCTHKe (komparatistische HJTH literarische Imagologie), nanac je TepMHH orrurrerrpnxaahea.
Kon Hac je cpennHOM OCaM.D:eCeTHXy nmue naspara 0 HMarOJIOmjH rnrcao yrneznra xoxmapaTHCTa 30paH KOHCTaHTHHOBHh, KOjH je OBOj 06JIaCTH 3HaTHO norrpmrocao
H
panoamra
aa HeMaqKOM je3HKy.13 HOBe MMrryJICe y .n:McUMrrJIMHY yneo je
<ppaHuycKM KOMrrapaTHCTa ,UaHHjeJI AHPH ITa)Ko, KOjM je saasajno nonpmreo
na ce KOHaqHO yqBpCTH CJIHKa 0 HOBOj rpamr KOMrrapaTHcTHKe xoja ce 6aBH
npoy-tanatsexr CJIMKa CTpaHOr H ,Upyror y KI-bM)KeBHOCTM.MO)Ke ce pehn na
10 CBaKaKo 611 na npBOM MecT)' rpefiano
113.lIBOjl1TI1
paHI1 I1MarOnOWKI1 pan )KaH Mapa
Kapea (J.-M. Carre, Les Ecrivains francais et Ie mirage allemand, Boivin, Paris 1947). Y aaseneHOM pa3.lI06JbY YTeMeJbelba I1Maronorl1je 3Ha'IajHI1 cy cnenehx panOBI1: M. Cadot, L'image de la
Russie dans la vie intellectuelle francaise (1839-1856),
Fayard, Paris 1967; R. Cheval, Romain
Roland. L'Aliemagne et la guerre, PUF, Paris 1963; A. Lortholary, Les Philosophes du XVllle
siecle et la Russie. La mirage russe en France an XVllIe siecle, Boivin, Paris 1951; S. Marandon,
L'lmage de la France dans la conscience anglaise (1848-1900), A. Colin, Paris 1967; A. Monchoux, L'Aliemagne devant les lettres francaises de 18/4 a 1835, Touluse 1953; R. Rernond, Les
Etats-Unis devant l'opinion francaise (1815-1852),
A. Colin, Paris 1962, 2. vol.; 0.11nocefinor
auaxaja je 360PHI1K nocsehea Kapey Connaissance de l'etranger. Melanges lean-Marie Carre,
Didier, Paris 1964.
II B. Benexos TeKCT Kpusa yuopeone KItJU:JICe6HOciIiu, KPI1TI1'IKI1nojMOBI1, npes. Anexcannap H. Crracnh 11Cn060.lIaH nopljeBl1n, ByK Kapaunh, Beorpan, 184-185, (OPl1r11HaJI06jaBJbeH
1959).
12 Hugo Dyserinck, Zum Problem der "images" und "mirages" und ihrer Untersuchung im
Rahmen der Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft,
Arcadia, 1, 1966, 107-120. Ilane 3Ha'IajHe
reopajcxe I1Mnynce y HeMa'IKY I1Maronorl1jy yxeo je Ilerep Bepaep (Peter Boerner, Das Bild vom
anderen Land als Gegenstand literarischer Forschung, Sprache im technischer Zeitalter, 6p. 56,
1975, 313-321).
13 B. Zoran Konstantinovic, Od imagologije do istraiivanja mentaliteta: 0 jednom znacajnom kretanju u savremenoj metodolosko] misli, Umjetnost rijeci, XXX, 2, Zagreb 1986, 137-142;
HCTI1, Y600 Y yuopeono upoyvaeane KItJU:JICe6HOciIiu, CK3, Beorpaa 1984, 15, 26, 134, 197; Hera,
Kaeaapataueno euhene cpacxe KItJU:JICe6HOciIiu, CBeTOBI1, HOBI1 Can 1993, 24.

216
je ztanac Ha3HB HMarOJIOrHja Y rrOTrrYHOCTH HCTHCHYO OHO UITO je )l(aH Mapa
Kape 1951. ronmre 03HaqHO xao etudes d'images et de mirages, xao H na je
H3pa3 mirage, non yrnuajev CeMHOJIOrHje, HllI'Ie3aO H3 caapeveuax CTY.uHja.
YrJIe.uHH KOMIlapaTHCTa na COp60HH H aoztehn reopertrrap HMarOJIOrHje
,n:aHHjeJI AHPH ITa)f(Q rtoxynrao
je na npeaasahe nexa orpamoretsa
paanje
HMarOJIOrHje, xoja ce qeCTO CBo.uHJIa ua rryxo nafipajaa,e,
6e3 CHHTe3e H CHcTeMaTH3aUHje H na Y ryvaveise
YKJbyqH HHTep.uHCUHIlJIHHapHH rrpHCT)'II.
OH CMaTPa zta OBa 06JIaCT KOMrrapaTHCTHKe H HaYKe 0 KlhH)f{eBHOCTH Mopa
.ua npeysxre ncrpaaorsasxe
panose H pe3YJITaTe eTHOJIOra, aHTPorrOJIOra, coUHOJIOra, ncropa-rapa
MeHTaJIHTeTa H CeH3H6HJIHTeTa, KOjH noxpehy
mrraaa
o ".upyrHM"
KYJITYpaMa, 0 aJITepHTeTY, H,UeHTHTeTY, aKYJITYpaUHjH, .ueKYJITYpauaja, KYJITYPaJIHOM 0TY1)elhY (I 'alienation culturelle), jaBHoM MlhelhY HJIH
.uPYUITBeHoj yofipaaarsa (l'imaginaire social). KOMrrapaTHCTa 6HJIO xoje OPHjenraun]e Y3HMa Y 063HP nparcnrnra
acmmraaa,a
H3 rrOMeHYTHX cycemrnx
.uHCUHIlJIHHa, He na 6H 3arrOCTaBHO ncrpaxoiaan.e
KlhH)f{eBHOCTH H nao Maxa
HeYMepeHOCTH y ocaajarsy
repnropnje Ben na 6H CYOqHO csoje MeTo.ue ca
MeTo.uaMa npyrnx
H rrpe cnera ynopemro
CJIHKY Ha3BaHY "KlhH)f{eBHa"
ca
rrapaJIeJIHHM, caBpeMeHHM CBe.uOqaHCTBHMa, ca npenecemoa
npnxanora H3
nrrasme,
rtapamrreparype,
cPHJIMa HJIH YMeTHOCTH.14
KlhH)f{eBHa CJIHKa je, npesra Ilaacoy,
"CKyrr H,Ueja 0 CTpaHOM xoje ce
npoueisyje
Kp03 npouec JIHTepapH3aUHje aJIH H COUHjaJIH3aUHje". OBa rrepCrreKTHBa ofiaaeayje KOMrrapaTHCTY na nocxarpa KlhH)f{eBHe TeKCTOBe, YCJIOBe
lhHXOBe npoxsnomse,
.uHcPY3Hje, penemnrje,
xao HumpH
MaTepHjaJI KOjH
rrpnnana
KYJITYPH, a KOjH ysecrsyje y rmcan.y.
OBaKBO ncrpaaoraaa.e,
KaKO
xaace rrOMeHYTH aYTOp, OCBeTJbaBa "cPYHKUHOHHcalhe .upYUITBa ca CTaHOBHurra lherOBe H,UeOJIOrHje" (paCH3aM, ef30TH3aM, opHjeHTaJIH3aM, KceHOcPo6Hja, KceHOcPHJIHja H CJI.), lherOBor CHCTeMa HCKJbyqHBalha H lherOBe COUHjaJIHe yofipasarse."
Ilojaxr
CJIHKa, ca CTaHOBHlliTa KOMrrapaTHCTHKe, rrpasaaa jemry .uecPHHHUHjy HJIH, 60Jbe peseno, jenny He3ao6HJIa3HY pa,UHY XHrroTe3Y: CBaKa CJIHxa rrpOH3HJIa3H H3 jezmor craisa CBeCTH, KOJIHKO ron 6HJIa MHHHMaJIHa, H3
jeznror Ja xoje H3BeIUTaBa 0 ,UpyrOM, H3 jenner
Onae xoje rosopn 0 HeKOM
Taxo. CJIHKa je, naxne, H3pa3, KlhH)f{eBHH HJIH He, 3HaqajHor pa3MGlW, onHOCHO saasajue pa3JIHKe, H3Me1)y zrsa noperxa,
nse "KYJITYpe", rrpnxaa jezme
KYJITYpOJIOlliKe CTBapHOCTH (La realize culture lie) Kp03 xojy HH.uHBHJJ:Ya HJIH
rpyrra H3JIa)f{e (HJIH nporrarnpa),
OTKpHBa H npeaoznr npocrop
KYJITYpe, H,Ueonornje,
HMamHapHor
YHYTap xojer 3aY3HMa csoje nonoacaje. I1MaroJIomja
je, xao lliTO CMO Ben HCTaKJIH, .uaJIeKO on Be3aHOCTH aa npoysaaaa,e
crenena
JIa)f{HOCTH CJIHKe Uep CBaKa CJIHKa H~HO je naxora, y OHOM CMHCJIY Y KojeM
je rrpnxaa ysex TYMaqelhe H KOHCTPYKUHja "CTBapHOCTH"), .uaJIeKO on npoysrasarea crerrena
y.uaJbeHOCTH on "CTBapHOCTH", ".uaJIeKO on orpamorasatsa
14 Daniel-Henri
Pageaux, Images, y n11TaIhY je IV nornaarse
lheroBe Klhl1re nacaue y JKaHpy ysona y ynopenno
npoyxaaarse
Klhl1JKeBHOCTI1La litterature generate et comparee, Armand
Colin, Paris 1994, 59. Osaj 'I.IIaHaK npeacraarsa
ycneny CI1HTeJY !herOBI1X paHl1jl1x pMOBa, on
KOjl1Xje HaBaJKHl1jl1 De l'imagerie culturelle
l'imaginaire, y Pierre BruneI, Yves Chevrel (yp.),
Precis de litterature comparee, Presses Universitaires
de France, Paris 1989, 133-159.
15 Daniel-Henri
Pageaux, Images, 60.

217
na npoysasaise
KJ--bIDKeBHI1XTpaHCn0311lJ,l1ja onora UlTO 6e36pmKHO 30BeMO
'peamro'
".16 Ilpoysaaara
CJlI1KY 3Haql1 CXBaTI1TI1 KaKO je OHa KOHCTpyYICaHa,
KaKO je ysmsena
ayreHTHqHOM,
KaKO ce npeHOCI1, KOjl1 norahaj I1CTl1qe, na
JlH HaJIl1KYje CJIHKaMa y .upyrHM KlbH)J(eBHI1M HJlI1 HeKl-bI1)J(eBHI1M .ueJIHMa. Y
TaKBOM CXBaTal-bY jacno ce oql1TYje yruuaj nOCTCTpYKTYpaJIl13Ma 11 COUl1jaJIHe
CeMI10THKe, Be3aH aa O.uHOC 113Mel)y Mo.uaJIl1TeTa npaxaanaarsa
11 CTBapHOCTH, YCJIOBJbeH yrBp.uI1BHM crparernjaxa
HaTYPaJII13alJ,l1je.17
HMarOJlOrl1ja je orsopeaa
aa npoysaaan,e
pa3JIHQl1THX CJIHKa xoje QHHe,
y je.uHOM rpenyrxy,
npaxas CTpaHOr - rrpoysaaaise
JlHHl1ja Moim xoje pyxonone je.uHI1M npyurrsov,
l-berOBI1M KJ--bI1)J(eBHHMCI1CTeMOM 11 J--berOBOM.upyIlITBeHOM y06pa311JbOM.18 CJlI1Ka je I1HTepTeKCTYaJIHa KOHCTpYKUl1ja: KOHBeHuaje 11 orrurra MeCTa uacnehena 113 nocrojehe TeKCTYaJIHe rpanmnr]e
norrryHl1je ocaerrsaaajy
I1CKYCTBO CTBapHOCTI1. KOMnapaTI1CTI1QKa CJlHKa Hl1je KOrmja peamror (analogon): OHa ce ofipasyje H mnne na OCHOBY cxexa, rrpouerrypa xoje nperxone
(seh nocroje) y KyJlTyPI1 xojy rrocaarpavo.
Y H3BeCHOM
CMHCny, CJlI1Ka je je3HK, CeKYH.uapHI1 jesax, rtapanenan
ca je3l1KOM KOjl1 ,Ja"
roaopn,
Koer3HCTeHTaH ca J--bI1M,KaKO 611 ce I1CKa3aO .upyrl1, KaKO 611 ce roBOPHJlO neurro
npyro.'?
Ilpenuer
I1MarOJlOrl1je je, no Ilaacoy,
na nofipojn,
.ueMOHTHpa, H3JlO)J(11H pasyxe 3aIlITO je CJlI1Ka cI1M60Jl}fqKH jesmc, na pa3JIO)J(H CTpYKTYPY KlbH)J(eBHOr CI1CTeMa H npyurrneae
yofipasarse
y CMHCny 113Jlaraisa cxyna TaKBHX CJIHKa iimaginaire sociati"
CJlI1Ka je, KaKO 611 ce TO lIlaJbl1BO Momo peha, naac na xojy CMO HaBI1KJlI1 11 rcojy najseurhe
caMopa3YMJbl1BO npI1XBaTaMO. Hajseurha
06Jll1K CJlI1Ke
LJ:pyror je ctaepeotuuu. OCHOBHI1 rtpotinev
paanjax
HMarOJlOIlIKI1X I1CTpa)J(HBal-ba 6HJlO je orrrepehyjyhe
onronapatse
Ha rnrraise na JlH je neurro Jla)J(HO;
caaa ce cxrarpa na je 60Jbe I1CnHTaTI1 yrrory crepeornrra
Ha nnany KYJlTYpe.
HaHMe, non yrHlJ,ajeM cesoronornje uenoxyrma
KYJlTYpa ce MO)J(e nocxarpaTI1 xao npOCTOp I1HBeHUl1je, npcaasoznse
11 .umpy3l1je 3HaKOBa. Y CI1CTeMY
3HaKOBa CTepeOTHTI ce He noxasyje xao npaan 3HaK neh xao "Cl1fHaJI" KOjl1
rronpasyvena
cavo jenny Moryhy
mrrepnperauajy.
CHrHaJI je aanpaso I1Hreanapaan
HH.ueKC, je.uH03HaQHl1jH je on HH.ueKca jep je O.uHOCH3Mel)y J--beroaor aspasa H canpacaja BHCOKO KOHBeHUHOHaJIH30BaH. Taxo je, na rrpnvep,
HaMHrHBal-be OKOM CHrHaJI aKO je HaMepHO, a HH.ueKC aKO je Y3pOKOBaHO rpyHOM HJlH Heyp030M. Arm Ba)J(HO je HMaTH xa YMY zta cy CHrHaJIH 3aBHCHl1 on
KOHBeHUHja H xonosa TaKO na MOry nOCTaTH Hepa3YMJbHBl1 H3BaH sajenaaue
xoja HX yrtorpefirsaaa."
Crepeornn je, naxne, MOHOCeMHQaH, je.uH03HaQaH,
H3HOCH jenny "eceHUHjaJIHY"
nopyxy.
Kao TaKaB OH je KapaKTepHCTHQaH aa
nOMeHYTH "CmIXPOHHjCKH eceHUHjaJIH3aM" , jacno YOq}bHB y HaBe.ueHOM npn-

ncmo,

60.
B. POJlaH Bapr (Roland Barthes), EejieKaiil cmeapuoe (npea. Jeneaa HOBaKoBwn), Tpeha
rtporpav, 6p. 85, Beorpan 1990, 190-196.
18 3a Ca>KeTI1npaxas
OJl.HOCaJlI1Hwja MOnl1 w JlI1Hwja CBeTa B. Gunnar Olsson, Lines of Power, y Writing Worlds, ed. Trevor J. Burnes i James S. Duncan, Routledge, London - New York
1992, 89-96.
19 Pageaux, 61.
20 Hcuio, 62.
21 Vladimir Biti, Signal, pojmovnik suvremene knjizevne teorije, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb
1997, 365.
16

17

~
~

""""<.....

2
218
je

K
H

.II
H
C~

,Ui

o
pi
,UI
je

zn
H
M

m
ill

n:
CI
If,

n:
K,
ill

ja
HI
H

K,
je

T
HI

~
I1
0]
je
JI(
je
q~

py
Cc

Mepy "Ta6eJIa napona".

Kao UJTO xasce Tlaxco: "y KOMYHHKaUl1jH je yrrora
crepeornna
O'-IHme,UHa: OH y MI1HHMaJIHOj OPMH HHopMaUHja
,UOHOCH
MaKCMMaJIHY KOMYHHKaUHjy" ,22 y CTBapH nOCTH)!{e HajBenH MorynH KOMYHHKaTHBHH )"IHHaK y O,UHOCYna caryaunjy J.1CKa3HBatha, sozteha y CBaKOM ClIYqajy xa yomurasaisy.
OH je jenna BpCTa pe3HMea, caacerxa, aM6JIeManrqHJ.1
npernen jemre KYJITYpe, KJIMIlle, "OTpuaHa nneja". CTepeOTHn YCTaHOBJhaBa J.1
y-rspurhyje O,UHOCCJIHqHOCTH YHYTap npyurrsa, OH je noje,UHOCTaBJheHH H3pa3
KYJITYpe xao aTpJ.16YT y paary eceaunje KOjH yrtyhyje na HajIllJ.1pJ.1MorynJ.1 COUHOKYJITYPHJ.1KOHceH3YC.
3a HMarOJIOrJ.1jy je, nanan.e, xao IllTO HCTJ.1qeIlazco, Ba)!{HO "HCnJ.1THBaise pesmnca", JIeKCHqKe Mpe)!{e npHCYTHe y TeKCTOBHMa, nojuoaxor H adiesTHBHor apcenana JIeKCHqKHX Mpe)!{a xoje rrpnnanajy
sehoj 3aje,UHHUH O,U noje,UJ.1HaqHOr qHTaoua.
Y CJIHKaMa )J,pyror rpefiano 6H YCTaHOBJ.1TH CHCTeM
KJh)"lHHX pe-nt. Tlaxco xao rtpnvep
HaBO,UH paHUYCKe CJIJ.1KeIIInaHJ.1je, eBH,UeHTHpaHe na rrpenasy H3 18. Y 19. BeK, xoje npenoce cnenehe pesnr: eopo,
uneuenuta, ctupactuan, "IaCiUaH, lby6oMopaH, net. Y OBaKBY CHHXPOHJ.1jCKYnepCneKTHBY MO)!{e ce YKJh)"lHTJ.1 H ,UHjaxpoHl1jcKo npoysaaaa,e
(T3B. nyrorpajna
pa3,U06Jha ncropavapa),
KaKO 6H ce, peUJ.1MO, aHaJIH3HpaO O,UHOCpaHuycKe
KYJITYpe npeva IIInaHUHMa
O,U 18. sexa ,UO nanac. Tlocefino
cy aa J.1cTpa)!{Hsaxa saasajae OHe peqH xoje ce He npeaone, Ben ce, xao HenpeBO,UMBe, npeY3HMajy y 0PJ.1fJ.1HaJIYJ.1onpaacasajy anCOJIYTHY CTpaHOCT (xuaMio,
aHaaHio,
coutipepo, IwciUalbeiUe).23
Ba)!{HO je, MeDYTMM, ysex HMaTH na YMY na Y CJIMUM HMje npacyran
caMO )J,pyrM, Y thy je ysex YTKaHO H Ja. To ce JIaKO MO)!{e BH,UeTH J.13rrpaxrepa
KOjH naje Ilaaco. Y paHuycKoM
peqHHKY 0 IIInaHUMMa
y nepnozry 17. M 18.
sexa eopooctu, lby6oMopa, naxcn.ueoctu, pOMaHeCKHOCT (rtocefino ,UOHKHXOTCKO
lIY,UHJIO) - cynporcraarsemr
cy, TaqKY no TaqKY, "CJIMUH" xojy cy <1lpaHUY3M
HMaJIH 0 MepH, pe3epBHcaHOCTH, parry H pa3YMY. Baxora je "YJlOia KYlliUYPHe
U cUM6oIlU"IKe ueoujauuje, xojy MOry HMaTH KthH)!{eBHOCT M ueJIOKYTIHa YMeTHOCT y enafiopnpatsy CJI11xa , sax H xajnpocrujax", 24 AJm MopaMO HMaTH y
BM.llY na je OB,Ue O,UHOCTeKCTa H KOHTeKCTa ,UBOCMepaH, KYJITYpHa H CHM60JIMqKa Me,UHjaUHja CY,UBOCMepHe (HJIH smuecaepne):
O,UKYJITYpe xa TeKCTY H
O,UTeKCTa xa KYJITYPH. Pesn y cefia noce H,UeOJIOfJ.1jy,H y TOM CMMClIY 6HBajy
06eJIe)!{eHe, xao, na rrpavep, pe-r Fynae aa CJIHKY Pycnje HJIM eoneotaa H eacKpC aa CJIHKY Cp6a 0 caMHMa cefin. Tlocroje
H OHe peqM xoje Ilasco Ha3MBa
pexa aHTa3Me, KO,U KOjHX cy eeKTH MHoro CJIO)!{eHHjH, jep OHe orsapajy
MHoro umpa CeMaHTJ1qKa norsa, a thHXOBO nexozmpaa.e je nnax je,UH03HaqHO, O,UHOCHOMeXaHHqKO. Y mrrarey
cy CHM60JIHqKa KOMYHMKaUHja H OHHPJ1qKH ,UO)!{HBJhaj. Mory
ce HaBeCTH pexa xao IllTO cy xapeu ("caH CBHX
cpemsourxonana"
- Ilazco HaBo,UH <1lJI06epOBe pexx H3 Pe"lHUKa otapuanux
udeja), OaMUcKa, ilyciUulba.25
UHJh OBaKBor ncrpaxorsarsa
jecre na ce H3JIO)!{e M YTBp,Ue BeJIHKe orro3HUHje xoje CTpYKTYpMpajy HMaroTHncKH
TeKCT. TIPOCTO peseno,
OCHOBHa

KO

p,

Pageaux, 63.
23 ncmo, 64.
24 Hcaio, 65.
25 nca, 66.

22

219
On0311Ul1ja
pa
je

TaKBI1X I1MarOTl1nCKI1X TeKCTOBa jecre:

ja -

npl1nOBe)J.alJ:

nopexna nacyupou; Ilpyroa

JII1lJ:HOCTH npnxaaaxoj
raxohe npoylJ:I1TI1 HalJ:I1He na xoje ce opramrsyie
npOCTOp

JIHTeTe npOCTOpHI1X
aep=Jyr,

rpaa=ceno,

npmnnme

HO,

onpeheisa,

yp6aHO-pYPaJIHO,

yrl1uajeM

reopnja,

KI-bI1)f(eBHl1X

CHO rracan.a

rrejaaxca

rpyne

pa3pa)J.I1JII1

KojeM

ce

MO)J.a(Ce-

pese-

YKpaTKO

Y
non

O)J.HOC Ja=Ilpyr.
reorparpa,

l1)J.ejy "nl1Cal-ba

yxpurrajy

CTpaHOr,

... ) -

KOjl1 onpaxcaaajy

KOPI1CHO ncrpaaotaaa.e

KYJIryBa>KHo

KOjl1 ce npHMel-byjy

Hcrox=Sanan

npocropa

ycrpojanarsa

TOM CMI1CJIY, BPJIO je

napose

On03l1Ul10He

KYJIryPI1.

MeHTaJIHI1,

KOjl1 cy,
CBeTOBa",

O)J.HO-

O)J.HOCHO nCI1XI1lJ:KI1

nej3a)f(.26 OHO llJTO Ba)f(11 aa nponpesre: rrpacyrao

je npewe ,Upyror
11 npeve Ja 11 ry lJ:eCTO
nocro]n pa3JII1Ka, xoja ce lJ:eCTO rtojaarsyie y crepeornmoaa (epeue sna, 3JIQWnejsaac,

11 c}:>11311lJ:KM,
O)J.HOCHO reorparpcior

CTOP Ba)f(11 11 aa
HO

ao6a).

pasa

CBe

xyrrrype,

HapCKl1X

rsemrx

npaKCI1,

paCKpCHI1UY

onpeano

HaC TO BO)J.11xa je)J.HOM llJl1POKOM aHTpOnOJIOllJKOM

YMeTHI1lJ:KI1X, BepCKI1X,

0 Kojl1Ma

npOJIa311TI1,

KY

xojy jenan napon crsapa

)f(l1Bal-bI1Ma

xoja

KaKO ce CJII1Ka

neny)

PeJIeBaHTHa

YKJIana
3Hal-ba

OBY

MopaMO
ce OTKPI1-

y rJI06aJIHY
113 npyrnx

CJII1-

)J.I1CUI1-

noxroh.
na CBI1 KI-bI1)f(eBHI1 TeKCTOBI1 HI1CY nonjenaHaJI11311. Jlnpcxa necsra tie y OBaKBI1M I1crpa-

)J.OK

HaJIa3l1Tl1

npnnoaerxaaa, ecejava,

rpazoman,e

6aBl1tie

penemrajov,

)J.onpl1HeTI1

60JbeM

HapOlJ:I1TO

je ayropxaosao
JIO "peaJIHO"
Be I1CTOpl1je

tie

6aBe

aa

rtpsov

(nesava

113Meljy npyurrsa

aJIl1 11 Kl-bI1)f(eBHI1M KOHBeHUl1jaMa,

yrroanaaatsy

noje)J.I1HI1X xcaxposa

T3B. I1CTOPl1jl1 I1MamHaUl1je,

rrocraarsajylur

xao

Mecry,

rnrraisa

urra

rne

(imp.

xoja

y pa3JII1lJ:I1TI1M TpeHYUI1Ma

20. sexa

y pOMaHI1-

xao

I1C-

11 KI-bI1)f(eBHOrrocefino

MO)f(e

rryrornrca).

ce

6aBl1

je y HeKOM pa3)J.06JbY

ofipahano 11 KO ra je npaxsarao
O)J.HOC 113Meljy npnxaaasor
11 nenpasasnsor.

rtpmcaaaaaise

Kl-bI1)f(eBHOCTI1

I1MarOTl1nCKI1

11 c}:>l1rYpaUl1je rryromrca

KI-bI1)f(eBHOKpI1TI1lJ:KI1MTeKCTOBI1Ma. OBaKBo

OHO

"YCJIOBI1Ma

npaxaanna-

(peinrrnrpao),

KO

OHO llJTO je 611-

jenne

MO)f(e )J.OBeCTI1 )J.O nacarsa

HO-

I1CTOpl1je I1Marl1HaUl1je.27

Je)J.HO O)J. OCHOBHl1X nOJIa3l1llJTa

)J.eueHl1ja

ce

rryronaca

ce l1)J.eOJIOmjoM

novohn

npaxaaanaaa",
HO, KOMe ce

ce

Kp03

HarJIaCI1TI1

6l1Tl1 y CeHUI1,

TeKCTOBI1, najseurhe

tie

na

je

y TOMe HaM CBaKaKO MOry

HaKO nO)J.JIO)f(HI1 I1MarOJIOllJKoj

CTI1) ,

rnrraise

0 ,UpyrOM.

OKBI1PY 113lJ:aK 11 KYJII1-

11 eTHI1lJ:Ke aHTpOnOJIOrl1je

(I1JII1 je)J.}fOM Kl-bI1)f(eBHOM

Taxohe, xropauo

Ma,

na

onrosapajylur

y Kl-bI1)f(eBHOCrn

nJIl1Ha

CBe)J.OlJ:1111 KI-bI1)f(eBHOCT. JaCHO

KI-bI1)f(eBHOCTI1, COUl10JIomje

sa

nOJII1TI1lJ:KI1X, na

pediopsorcane

)J.OJIa311 113 OHl1X 06JIaCTl1

I1MarOJIOrl1je

rpaHI1lJ:HI1X

nOCJIe)J.l-bl1X

xcrpaaomaa,a

xoje

np06JIeMl1Ma

CTI1TOr craryca
TI1TeTa ozrysex

l1)J.eHTI1TeTa 11 pa3JIHKe, O)J.HOCHO np06JIeMaTl1KOM

BJIa11 CJII1Ke ,Upyror.28
TIp06JIeM
Kl-bI1)f(eBHOr 11 xyrrrypnor
l1)J.eH-

je

6110 xpajise

6l1TaH

acnexr

Kl-bI1)f(eBHe )J.I1HaMI1Ke.

HOBl1je

26 Writing Worlds: Discourse, Text, and Metaphor in the Representation of Landscape, ed.
J. Barnes, lames S. Duncan, Routledge, London 1992.
27 Pageau x , 75.
28 TaKBa peopajenrauaja
nocefino je npacyrna
KO)l Ilseraua TO)lOpOBa (Tzvetan Todorov)
KOjl1 ce, non yrl1uajeM Hcanje Bepnnaa (Isaiah Berlin), oa "YHyrpauHber"
npoyxaaaiea Ktbl1)f(eBHOCTI1 Y nOTnYHoCTI1 oxpeayo
c(jJepl1 "nOnI1TI1'IKor". B. nocefino Llseraa TO)lOPOB, Mu u
opyeu: ifjpaHlI,yCKa uucao 0 JbyacKoj pasnonuxocuiu, rrpes. E. Jenah, M. Ilepah, M. 3)lpaBKOBl1n,
XX BeK, Eeorpan 1994 (1989).
Trevor

220
npesre, Me1)ynIM, OH ce OTBOpeHOrrpasaaje H narnamasa KaOjenan on KlhyqHl1X np06JIeMa CBIDCKl-bH)l{eBHOCTH
H npyurrana. Jenan on ynann.anax pa3JIOra aa TaKBY pacryhy CBeCTje - y paBHH rnrcaua, ql-lTaJIaua, H3)laBaqa H nayqHHKa - YBenaHH npouec HHTepHaUHOHaJIH3aUHje,KOjH, HapaBHO, CTOjHy
o-nrrnenno] Be3H ca nOJIHTHqKHMrrpouecava y Esporra H csery nOCJIe 1989.
romnre, xao H ca rrpouecov TeXHOJIOrH30BaI-baH npoveiraua y HaqHHHMa
KOMYHHKaUHje. Pasaoj Enponcxe YHHje - xoja MaXOM TaKBa ncrpaacaaatsa
rrocneuryje H qmHaHcHpa - jenan je on acnexara npoueca HHTepHaUHOHaJIH3aUHje H orturrer npoueca npowena y H)leHTHTeTHManpyurrasa. Ilaraa,e
TaKOnocraje: na JIH TaKBe rrpovene y O)lHOCHMaH3Me1)Y)lpymTaBa H y aa-nrHHMa l-bl1XOBeHHCTHTYUHOHaJIH3aUHjeHMajy nexor yrauaja tra KI-bH)l{eBHe
aKTHBHOCTHH KI-bH)l{eBHeH,lleHTHTeTe,HJIH je MO)l{,lla o6PHYTo.
Ilaraa,e H,lleHTHTeTaje o-mrnenaa np06JIeM aa CBa npyurrsa, xao H aa
npanammxe KI-bH)l{eBHHXnpyurrasa: nsrnena na je OHO aa rrncue, qHTaOue,
xpnrasape neo jennor HHCTHTYUHOHaJIH30BaHoreHOMeHa KOjH noseayje
I-bHXOBeaKTHBHOCTHca lUHpHM KOJIeKTHBOM.Ihrraise H)leHTHTeTaje raxohe
HeO)lBojHBO Be3aHO sa cavo npoy-ranaise KI-bH)l{eBHOCTH,aa MO)leJI "HaUHOHaJIHe KI-bH)l{eBHOCTH".
29KI-bH)l{eBHOCTje paanje 6HJIa MHoro nnure seaaaa aa
reparopnjy nero llITO je nanac kana, xao neo KOMYHHKaUHOHorrtpoueca, 6apeM )leJIHMHqHO ysecrnyie y TpeH)lOBHMa caspesreiror nneana nOKpeTJbHBOCTH. 360r csera rora nOCTaJIOje BeOMa Ba)l{HOnaraise KaKOmrreparype, nocefino y Halle MO)lepHO nofia, onpeljyjy ce6e y norneny H,lleHTHTeTa,H y KOjeM 06HMY ce Tpa.llHUHOHaJIHanaxena nosone y mrraise - a aKO ce nosone,
rne, 3allITO H KaKO. To 3HaqH zta je, H3Me1)y OCTaJIOr,sanarax HMarOJIOlliKOr
ncrpaaomatsa na oupra OCHOBHeTOKOBe y KI-bH)l{eBHOCTH:OHO MO)l{e 6HTH
)leo - HJIH npOTHBTe)l{a - a*ypHpaI-ba Me1)YHap0)lHHXKYJIryPOJIOllIKHXMana
xoje je TpeHYTHO npHCYTHO. Y CBaKOMcny-rajy, OHO MO)l{e na yrrorrryna onrOBOp na Ba)l{HO mrratse: KaKOCMOMH (xao npanamnum jenne naunje) noCMaTpaJIHzrpyre, H KaKOCMO,Kp03 npyre, nOCMaTpaJIHce6e. Kl-bH)l{eBHOCTce
TaKO CXBaTaxao jenan on 06JIHKa KYJIrypHe npaxce, KOjH, Y)lBOCMepHOM KOMYHHKaUHjcKoM npouecy, napazcana H o)lpe1)yje jenan Mal-be HJIH BHlUe xoxepearan KYJIryPHH npOCTOp. KI-bH)l{eBHOCTnpeysaaa, aJIH H crsapa HH3 CJIHKa
o ,n:pyrOM, xoje ce y isoj npIDCBaTaHJIH perrponyxyje xao MHT HJIH xao MO)leJI.
Mopa ce, Me1)YTHM,YBeK HMaTH y BH.JlYBa)l{HO yrroaoperse na je Kl-bH)l{eBHO
)leJIO HCTOBpeMeHO"OTnop HCTOPHjH" H ,,3HaK ncropaje". 30
110)l yrnuajei HCTOPHjCKHXnpoysaaaisa CBe nnure ce H npoyxaaaoua
KI-bH)l{eBHOCTH6aBe O)lHOCOMH3Me1)y Kl-bH)l{eBHOCTHH HaUHOHaJIHOrH)leHTHTeTa. EpHTaHCKH HCTOpHqap EPHK Xo6c6aYM (E. Hobsbawm) HCmqe na
yrrpaso OHH 06JIHUH HaUHOHaJIHOr)l{HBOTaKOjH HaM irsrnenajy Haj)lpeBHHjH
H nOBe3aHH ca )laJIeKOM npournourhy ca I-bOM (xao npOH3BO)l xacnor 19. H
panor 20. sexa) y uajaehev 6pojy cnysajesa HeMajy HHKaKBe neae. Oaaj nosaara HCTOpHqap "KOHCTpYHcaHYrpaznnrajy'' (invented tradition) nocxarpa
29 B.

JOBaH

Ileperuh,

Ilytu cpucxe iauoceenoctuu:

uiJeHiiiuiiieiii,

epanuue, tueooee, CK3,

Beorpan 1996.
Bapr, Hcuiopuja UJ/U KItJUJICe8HOciii, npes.
ceuuonotuja, HOJIIiT, Beorpaa ) 979, 114.

30 POJIaH
iiiO/lOluja,

I1BaH '-iOJIOBlin, y /Vt,UJlCe8Hociii,

.JlfU-

221
xao "CKyrr npaKCI1, 06WfHO PYKOBoljeH OTBOpeHO I1JII1 rtpehyrno
rtpnxaaheHI1M rrpaBI1JII1Ma, xoje iracroje KP03 rronaarsaa,e na YCaAe onpeheae BpeAHOCTI1 11 HOpMe nonauraisa,
IlITO ayroMaTCKI1 nOApa3YMeBa KOHTI1HYI1TeT ca
npourno tuhy. Y CTBapl1, rne rOA je TO Morylie,
OHe 06WIHO rrOKYIIIaBajy na
YCTaHoBe KOHTI1HYHTeT ca ooeoeapajyhou [rrOAB. B.
I1CTOPl1jCKOM npotunourhy"."
Ynora Kl-hI1)!(eBHOCTH, Kp03 KtbH)!(eBHe CJII1Ke crpanor 11 CJII1Ke
BJIaCTI1TOr, y TaKBOM rrpouecy xoncrpyacarsa
je 3HaTHa (ceTI1MO ce cavo xysenor npaxepa
AOCJIOBHO KOHCTpYl1caHOr Ocujaua 11 iseroaor
yrnuaja na 113rpaznsy eBpOrrCKI1X Kl-hI1)!(eBHI1X 11 HaUl10HaJIHI1X TPaAI1Ul1ja). OBAe je uapo'-II1TO 3aHl1MJbI1B KOHTPaCT 113Meljy CTaJIHe npoveue
11 I1HoBaUl1je y MOAepHaM CBeTY 11 nOKYIIIaja na ce CTPYKTYPl1pajy MaKap casro HeKI1 AeJIOBI1 APYllITBeHOr )!(I1BOTa - rta 11 CJII1Ka a ce611 11 npyrnsra
- xao nerrpoveuoraa.
EneMeHT KOHCTpYI1CaJba rrocefino je jacan y cnysajy aaunje,
,jep ncropaja
xoja je rrOCTaJIa zteo <pOHAa aaarsa I1JII1 I1AeOJIOrl1je nauaje, npxcase I1JII1 rroxpera Hl1je ono IlITO ce I1CTI1HCKH '-IYBa y HapOAHOM cehaisy, neh ono IlITO je
113a6paHO, rrI1CaHO, CJII1KaHO, rrorrynapiraoaairo
11 I1HCTI1TYUI10HaJII130BaHO OA
OHHX '-Il1ja je <pYHKUl1ja 611JIa na TO QI1He".32 MI1 ce, AaKJIe, HaJIa311MO Y HerrpeKI1AHOM npouecy crnapaisa
HOBI1X rtpeztcrasa, OAHOCHO CJII1Ka, xoje yCJIOarsasa 11 oApeljyje KYJITYpa KOjOj npnnanavo,
a rtpenxer
HMarOJIOrl1je lie 611TH zta I1Crrl1Ta ynory Ktbl1)!(eBHOCTI1 y TOM npouecy.
OHa Kl-hI1)!(eBHOCT xoja
QeCTO CBeCHO )!(eJII1 na 6YAe ,,3HaK ncropaje"
nocefino
je saacna, rrpe csera
rryrormca
H pOMaHI1, KOjl1 rro npamory - xao y HaBeAeHI1M rrpl1Mepl1Ma ,Uy'-Il1lia 11TOJICToja - CHa)!(HO 113pa)!(aBajy CJII1Ke, OAHOCHO crepeornne,
jemror
napona 0 )].pyrOM.

[.J

Y TOM CMHCny, aa reopnjy I1MarOJIOrl1je 3HaQajHI1 cy 11 PaAOBI1 nOCTCTPYKTYpaJIl1CTe MI111IeJIa <1>YKoa (Michel
Foucaultj " KOjH je TBPAHO na ce
3Hal-he KOHCTPYI111Ie y camaCHOCTI1 ca AI1CKYP311BHI1M norsev
xoje crsapa
npencrasy
0 o6jeKTY anan,a, a iseronoj
KOHCTI1TYUl1jl1 H l-herOBI1M rpamnraMa: CBaKI1 ayrop Mapa TOMe na ce rrpl1JIarOAI1 KaKO 611 Morao zta KOMYHI1UI1pa, na 6YAe cxaahen, na OCTaHe ynyrap
I1CTI1HI1TOr 11 na, crora, 6YAe npa31 Eric Hobsbawm, Introduction: Inventing Traditions, The Invention of Tradition, ed. Eric
Hobsbawm, Terence Ranger, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995, 1 (36oPHI1K je 113awao npBI1 nyr 1983. 11OIl rana IlO 1995. nojasano ce necer 113Ilal-ba). OIl npyrnx paIIOBa I1CTOPI1xapa Kojl1Ma ce '-IeCTOKOpl1CTe I1MarOJl0311 nocefiao cy yrl1uajHI1 PallOBI1 OeHeIlI1KTa Anaepcoaa
(B. Anderson) tHauuja: 3aMUW/beHa sajeonuua, npes. Hara lJeHrHn, Haraura ITaBJIOBl1n, ITJlaTO,
Beorpaa 1998), Epaecra Tenuepa (E. Gellner) tHauuje u Hau,UOIIOJlU3aM, npes. Mauiax BernaHOBCKI1,Marana cpncxa, HOBI1 Call 1997), AHTOHI1.ll. CMI1Ta (A. D. Smith) (Hau,uOHOJIHU uoeHtautaeta, npes. CJl060IlaH DoplJeBl1n, XX BeK, Beorpaa 1998); Haj60lba CI1HTe3a IlO Calla sanacaHa 113 06J1aCTI1 "CTYIll1ja HaUI10HaJlI13Ma" jecre Anthony D. Smith, Nationalism and Modernism:
A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism, Routledge, London - New
York 1998. 3a oaaj cnoj I1MaroJlorl1je 11 npcyxaaatsa
HaUI10HaJlHOr l1lleHTI1TeTa 11IlI1CKYpca 0
HaUl1jl1 Haj3aC.lIy)KHI1jl1je XOJlaHllCKI1I1MarOJlOr Jon Jlepcea (Joep Leersen), npodiecop aa OnceKY sa esponcxe CTYIll1jeYHI1Bep311TeTa y AMcTepIlaMY. B. Joep Leersen, Mimesis and stereotype,
y National Identity - Symbol and Representation, ed. J. Leersen, M. Spiering, Rodopi, Amsterdam 1991 (Yearbook of European Studies, 4), 165-176.
32 Hobsbawm,
13. Ilofiap IlOManl1 npl1Mep sa TO je ynora "KOHCTpYI1CaHerpanauaje"
y
yu6eHI1UI1Ma 11 HaCTaBI1 Kl-bl1lKeBHOCTI1y CC1>PJ.
33 B. Mnuren C1>YKO,Apxeonoeuja snana, npes. Mnanea K030Mapa, Ilnaro - Vl3IlaBa'-lKa
Kl-bl1lKapHI1Ua30paHa Crojauosaha,
Beorpan - HOBI1 CaII 1998.

222
22
,UHTH O,UroBOPY na rnrran,e Y KOjOj MepH ce Y onpeheuov TpeHYTKY ycnocra
nrsa O,UHOCH3Me1)y KYJITypHe npO,UYKUMje H ,UPYWTBeHHX CTpYKTypa.
KP03 pe3YJITaTe HM3a HMarOJIOUlKHX HCTpa)!(MBaI-ba Moryhe je BM,UeT
KaKO cy ce H,UeHTHTeT H CJIHKa L!:pyror, xao JIerHTHMHa jenmnura
TeKCTa, Me
rnaJIH H H3JIa3HJIH y cycper pa3JIHqHTHM HCTOPMjCKMM, rrOJIHTHtIKHM H ,UPY
rHM rrotiynaxra,

a He HCKJbyqHBO KrnH)!(eBHHM 3aXTeBHMa. TaKBo MCTpa)!(HBa

me Mo)!(,Ua MO)!(e zta ,UOBe,Uena

jacnnjax

HCTOPHjCKHX HH30Ba, jep ce yrrpaso

pa mrrepapaor

TeKCTa ca

napanerra

H3Me1)y KrnH)!(eBHOCTM

6aBH OHOM crpepou

crsapaourhy.

OHO 6H rpetiano

nerrocpenaor

na narnacn

,UO,UH
HeCTBa

xaahen.

JiIMarOJlOnrja

6M rpeoano

na rroxaxce KaKO OBO Ba)!(M aa KOHCTPYKUMI1MarOJlOra 6M oryna 6MO

noxyueare
KOjM ce nporeacy 0,U KlhM)!(eBHMX, MCTOPI1jCKMXM HayqHMx ,UO nOJIMTWIKI1X, na sax M BOjHI1X 11 a}lMMHMCTpaTI1BHMX crurca, jep CBM OHI1 ynory aa craapaise
M rrpenonreise onpeljeanx CJIMKa M crepeornna.
3a MMarOJIOra je BPJIO 6MTHO M CKJII1CKO rnrraise
KaKO M KOJIMKO nexa
KI-bM)!(eBHOCT ,UeJIyje aa jasao MMUlJbelhe. OB,Ue CMO rra paCKpCHMUM KlhM-

je anaisa 0 .llpyrMM xyrrrypar-ra 11 nauajasaa. 3a}laTaK

na pa30TKpMBa Me1)yc06HO 6JII1CKO rronesane nncane

)!(eBHOCTM, COUI10JIOrMje, eTHMqKe aHTpOnOJIOmje M couajanne

nCMXOJIOrHje.
Oryna he HaM y KOMnapaTHCTHqKO-MMarOJIOUlKHM MCTpa)!(MBaI-ba rroxroha H

H na ce rrpounrpe
H ycxrepe HHTepKYJIrypHH 0,UHOCH.36 Ha xpajy
aJIH He HajMarne Ba)!(HO, HMarOJIOUlKa ucrpaaoraaa.a
MOry 6HTH aaasajan ,UO

TeKCTOBM 0 eTHHtIKMM, HaUHOHaJIHHM H UMBMJIH3aUHjcKHM CTepeOTHnHMa

KojHMa ce 6aBe COUHjaJIHH nCHXOJI03H, COUHOJI03M, eTHOJI03H.34 Taxo heMO
TeK 3aHCTa BM,UeTH KaKO ce CJIHKa xoja OTKpHBa ueJIOKynHoCT nexe KlhH)!(eBHOCTH YKJIana y rn06aJIHY CJIHKY xojy jenaa napon HMa 0 caMOM ce6M HJIM
L!:pyrOM, re na JIH, H Y KOjOj MepM, KI-bM)!(eBHa ,UeJIa oncryrtajy
O,U TaKBHX
CJIMKa, xao H y KOjOj MepM cava na I-bHX YTHtIy. Y npOUeI-bMBaI-bY jemror 1111-

rrpHHOC ITYTY xa noermnr,

O,UHOCHO, KaKO cvarpa I-bHXOB HajYTHuajHHjM
60PHHK, "HeorrXO,UHa nponeneyrnxa
aa paasonnrsan,a 0 noeTHuH",37

cua H iseroaor omroca rrpeva

on lherOBe CJIMKe corrcraenor

pan
je,

H TpaH3HTHBaH xapaxrep
xojy CTBapHOCT rrorrpxva TOKOM npevena. HH
nnax, 3aHeMapJbHB HH snasaj OBaKBHX ncrpaxoraan,a
aa OHO UlTO 6H C

Morno

Ha3BaTH "KrnH)!(eBHa

,UHrrJIOMaTHja", tIHjH je UHJb He

cavo na

ce HC

rpasce seh

rro

Vladimir Gvozden
ASUMPTIONS

AND

GOALS

OF IMAGE

STUDIES

IN LITERATURE

Summary

je HajnpO,UYKTHBHHje noha
a TeK rrOTOM na OCHOBY YBH,Ua tcoje
,U06HjeMo THM rryrev rtpehn
O,UHOCrrpeva ,UpyrMM Hap0,UHMa. He
6H rpefiano
3a60paBHTH zta rrncan.e OTKpHBa y jezmasoj MepH ce6e KOJIMKO H
OHO 0 tIeMY rnnne. Ba)!(HH cy, ,UaKJIe, 3a HCTpa)!(HBaIbe CJIe,UehM diatcropn:
L!:pyrOM

narnena na

napona,
aa iseros

,UPYWTBeHH KOHTeKCT Y KojeM je ,UeJIO rmcano,

HHCTHTYUHOHaJIHO oxpyxcerse
(rry6JIHKa, HHTeJIeKTYaJIHa rpamunrja,
UlKOJIa MMUlJbeI-ba), caap ,UeJIa (HOBMHCKH tIJIaHaK, rryrornrc,
HayqHM tIJIaHaK, pOMaH, necva), rrOJIMTl1tJ:Karr03H-

unja xoja
The paper presents a survey related to the theory and methodology of image stud
ies in literature. As a discipline within comparative studies, image studies came int
existence in mid-20th century as a study of images about oneself (auto-image) and th
images of the Other (hetero-image) in literature. This type of study was particularl
nurtured within the French school of comparative literature, headed by Marius-Francoi
Guyard and Jean-Marie Carre. The significant image studies triad - voyages, image
mirages, defined by Carre in the 1960s, was transferred to Germany by Hugo Dys
rinck, and in the 1970s this type of study was accepted at some university centres i
the Netherlands, Italy, Romania and the USA.
The greatest attention is dedicated to the works on theory and methodology 0
image studies by the outstanding contemporary comparativist Daniel-Henry
Pageau
He brought impulses from poststructuralism and semiology into this study area, tryin
to link significant processes of literarization and socialization. He tried to establish i
age studies as an interdisciplinary
research and to speak up about the ideology of liter
ture which is at the same time "a sign" of history and "resistance" to history. The te
anycrpauaja osor CTaBa MOlKe na rrOClIYlKH anronornja TeKCTOBa cppaHllycKHX rrn
calla 0 jyrocnoseucxmr
3eMJbaMa HaClIOBJbeHa Du regard au texte: ecrivains francais et peupl
yougoslaves. 00 aoeneoa 00 tuexcaia: if;paHI1YCKu aucuu U jyeocnoeencxu napoou (npnp. MHxaHlI
Ilaanoanh, HapOD.Ha KIbHra, Beorpan 1983) xoja, y D.YXY TaKBe "KIbHlKeBHe D.HrrllOMaTHje", y H3
60py TeKCTOBa D.OHOCH cavo rr03HTHBHe ClIHKe. HOBHje HCTpalKHBalbe
Ilaana Cexepyuia xacroj
na noxazce MexaHH3aM KOHCTpYKllHje ClIHKa cDpaHllY3a 0 JYlKHHM ClIOBeHHMa y jeD.HOM npeun
3HO onpeheao
BpeMeHCKOM pa3D.o6JbY H HD.eOllowKo-KYlIryPHoM
KOHTeKcry.
B. D.OKTOpaT OD.
6palbeH
Ha COp60HH
III KOD. MeHTopa ll,aHHjella AHPH Ilaxcoa non HaCJTOBOM Image des Slave
du Sud dans la culture francaise (/830- I 848) (Paris 1999).
37 Pageaux, 76.
36 Kao

nonymrpe
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caapexene HMarOJIOrHje Ha}laXHYTe rrOCTCTpYKryPaJIH3MOM jecre na ,UeKOHCTPYHUle crparernje
npaxaanaarsa KaKO 6H HCrrHTaJIa ,UHHaMHKY MohH xoja
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na npnoxr Mecry 0 ,UpyrMM HapO,UMMa (0 "I-bHMa") Y KYJIryPH H
KrnM)!(eBHOCTH jeznror napona ("HaUler").
KOMrrapaTHCTa HMarOJIOr rpefiano
6H H3HOBa zra CKJIOrrH, na OCHOBY KrnM)!(eBHHX rexcrona, je,UHY Ta6eJIY (BHUle
MJIH MaI-be CHHXPOHHjCKY) MlheI-ba, MeHTaJIHHX CTaBOBa jeznre erroxe, jenner
,UPYWTBa na OCHOBY I-berOBMX CJIHKa M npencrasa 0 L!:pyrOM. To he, orrer, BO34 0 erepeorarry
ca CTaHOBHWTa ernonoraje
B. Josedi POT, cmeseotaua, Muil108U, uoentuumeau: ca eillHOIIOWKOZctuanoeuuitua, Y Cnutce y 2IIa8aMa, npes. AneKCaHD.pa Eaja3eTOB-B}"IeH,

XX BeK Beorpaa 2000, 257-290;

ca CTaHOBHWTa

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rtcaxonornje

B. HHKOlla

POT,

sa-

HU'lKe cCuepeoilluiiuje, Y OCH08UCO/1ujallHeiicuxonoeuje, 3aBOD. sa YI.I6eHHKe H HaCTaBHa CpeD.CTBa,

Beorpaa 1994, 400-406; ca CTaHOBHWTa H~TopHJcKe HaYKe B. Onasepa MHlIOCaBJbeBHn, Hauuo- - y uc"'o,nUIj'CKo,i
u-e'PciieKwu8u, HOBa cpncxa nomrnorxa MHcao , ron.. VI , 6p
HaIIHU cwepeoUJuuu
~ y
,

1-2, Beorpaa 1999, 7-25.

35 J

Cliff
I

nograp hy, rrpHp.

or

..

d , I n t ro d uc tion:
partial truths Y Writing
I .
'.,
University
1 or d a G E Marcus
A . Cliff
n

.,

. he Poeti

..

and Politics of' Etfu Cture.

lif t e. Poetics
P
B
~
0
a 1 orrua
ress,
erkeley 1986 6
,

224
also points to the works from other areas significant for image studies, above all from
history, ethnology, social psychology and history of ideas.
As possible effects of such a research, one could underline better insight into poetics and specific genres in which travel-record elements and images of the Other play
an important role (above all novels, plays and travel-records); understanding of national
identity and intercultural relations through the image of oneself and the Other, which
has become particularly important since the end of the 1980s; strengthening of awareness of the relations between literature and society, as well as of the function of literature in general.