53 2012 1 112-107

..
* . - .

-
.


) (2001-1994
) (300 2
) (221

) (3156 .
) (2001-1994

. ) (24.89
) (45.93
) (6.93 ) (39 .

ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN BADRA-JASSAN

BASIN USING ANNUAL WATER SURPLUS METHOD
Issar M. Al-Shamaa, *Batool Mohammad Ali
Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad. Baghdad- Iraq.
*General Commission for Groundwater, Ministry of Water Resources. Baghdad- Iraq.
Abstract
Badra - Jassan basin is one of the Iraqi border basins which recently has been
reconstructed of its regions and expanded of its irrigated land to serve the Citizens of
the area. In terms of hydrological condition, Galal Badra River Basin is divided into
two parts where the first part located in Iran, and this part supports most of the
discharge of the river basin according to achieved runoff within the area. Second
part of the river basin is located in Iraq covering area of (300 km2). Depending on
climate data measured in Badra meteorological station for the period (2001-1994),
the climate was characterized to be continental semi-arid with annual total rainfall
reached (221) mm and the evaporation from basin class A reached (3156) mm.
Water balance were calculated in the basin using two methods, the first one depends
on monthly averages for rainfall and actual evapotranspiration during the period
(2001-1994). While in the second method, the water surplus was calculated
depending on calculation of each parameter in each year separately and use
mathematical formula to calculate the runoff achieved in River basin of Badra. The

107

 53 2012 1 112-107

)results showed that in the first method of calculation the water surplus was (24.89
mm and in the second one was (45.93) mm and it is the most accurate method to
calculate water surplus in hydrological basins, where this surplus is distributed into
(6.93) mm runoff and (39) mm natural groundwater recharge.

33 20

HASHIMA
88.1

87

IRAN

) (Catchment Area

191.3

ZURBATYAH

78.2

BADRA
Baghdad

64.1 70

Study Area

300Km

Kuwait

200

100

AIN

NT

NM
OU

RE

HE
M

LEGEND :

50

TOWN
RIVER

48

VALLEY
TRIANGLE POINT
75 TOPOGRPHIC
CONTOUR LINE

INTERNATIONAL
BOUNDAREY

40

35.6

DRA RIVER
GALAL BA

Iran

79.1

Sader Arafat

35

JASSAN
20

40.8

35.8

KARMASHIA

10.0Km

46 15

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

34

32 55
45 50

: 1 (2) .

) .(1

)(1650 2

) (Gorge

) (300 2

) (1

)' (4615 )'(4550

)'3255

' (3320 )(1

) (Catchment Area

108

 53 2012 1 112-107

500

).(2

)Precipitation (mm
)Evaporation (mm

)Wind Speed (Km/Day

)Relative Humidity (%

300

) (3) (2001-1994

200

) (1

METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

)Temperture ( C

400

100

0
OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP.

) (4) (Langbein

MONTHS

:2

). (2001-1994

) (110-95 ).(5

) .(8

) (6) (Doornbos

) (221

):(7
Input Output = Change in Storage
)(1
Input (t) Output (t) = ds/dt
)(2
ds/dt ) (ds

) (Epan

) (3156
) (1994

).(dt

)) .(2001 1 .(2

) (P

:1

)(2001-1994
)Sun Shine(h

R.H.
%
36.8
54.1
63.4
76.7
63.2
55.4
42.2
29.2

Wind Speed
Km/Day
194.4
181.44
167.6
190.9
199.58
260.9
389.4
271.29

Epan
)(mm
232
116.8
66.2
62.9
93.4
165.4
248.1
378.2

T C
25.8
18
12.2
10.8
12.9
17.1
24.1
31.2

P
)(mm
5
39.9
39.7
56.2
43.4
17.6
16.2
3

Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May

12.4
11.7
11.8
10.4
-

23.7
22.2
22.5
27.7
-

280.8
345.6
320.5
339.3
-

460.9
486.8
490
355.3
3156

35.4
37.4
37.2
32.2
-

0
0
0
0
221

June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Sum

8.9
7
5.8
6
7.4
8.2
8.8
10.4

Month

-
.

) (Infiltration Capacity

).(7

109

 53 2012 1 112-107

= PE : - )(.

)(Ground Water Recharge

= J ) .(Heat Index

= j ) (.

) .(9) (Soil Moisture Content

= a .

= tn ) (.

): (10

P - (Eta + Re + Ro + Sm) = ds/dt

)(3
P (Eta + Re + Ro + Sm ) = 0
)(4
P = Eta + Re + Ro + Sm
)(5
= P : ) ( = Eta -

) (

) (Sandy Clay

) (100-95Cm

) (25-15%
) (12 ) (110-95

= Re ) (

) (5) (Jassim.1981

= Ro )( = Sm )(.

).(Eta

) (11

) (4) (Langbein

:
P/E=R/E
)(12

) (

0.027T 0.886

)(13
= P : )(.

E 10

= R )(.

= T ) (.

P > PE , Eta = PE
P < PE , Eta = P
)WS = P ( Eta + Sm
)(6
WS = Ro + Re
)(7
= PE : - )(.

= E .

) (2

= WS ) ( Water Surplus

) ( ) (3

): (1

) (1994) (2001

a
)(8

10tn
PE 16
J

12

J j

)(9

1.514
)(10
)(11

tn
j
5
a 0.016 J 0.5

110

 53 2012 1 112-107

) : (2
)(2001-1994

) (45.93

)WS (mm

Sm
)(mm

)Eta (mm

PEc
)(mm

PE
)(mm

P
)(mm

Month

82.52

84.2

Oct.

24.89
24.89

12.38
42.8
92.22
100
100

27.52
9.28
6.78
10.73
17.6
16.2
3
0
0
0
0
96.11

27.52
9.28
6.78
10.73
27.76
74.53
167.09
236.88
283.02
265.01
195.85
1350.9

31.1
10.6
7.57
12.4
26.96
69.65
142.2
201.6
234.87
231.45
155.2
1207.8

39.9
39.7
56.2
43.4
17.6
16.2
3
0
0
0
0
221

Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Sum

. ) (Langbein

).(3

) (2

) (6.93 ) (39.0

) (1020 2 ) (41.29 * 106 . 3

400

)Precipitation (mm

350

Actual
)Evapotranspiration (mm

)Water Surplus (mm

300

200

150

)P , ETa , WS (mm

250

100

50

: 3

)(2001-1994

2001

WS
)(mm
129.67

Sm
)(mm
100

Eta
)(mm
115.33

PEc
)(mm
1236.5

PE
)(mm
1105.9

P
)(mm
345

40.65

100

78.15

1370.5

1370.5

218.4

81.3

48.1

1223.3

1096.5

129.4

74.39

100

94.91

1389.9

1241.0

269.3

32.5

100

74.9

1437.1

1327.8

207.4

76.63

55.37

1462.2

1305.6

132

44.33

100

101.27

1377.3

1231.4

245.6

321.54
45.93

657.93
93.99

568.03
81.14

9497
1356.7

8679.1
1239.8

1547.5
221

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

: 3

Years

). (2001-1994

19941995
19951996
19961997
19971998
19981999
19992000
20002001
Sum
Average

-1

111

112-107 2012 1 53

10.

De Silva, R . P. 1998. Significance

rates of preferential flow in estimating
groundwater recharge rates with a soil
water balance model in the dry zone of
Srilanka Nugeogoda, Srilanka . 11 p.
11.
Thornthwait, C.W. 1948. An Approach
toward a Relation Classification of Climate.
Geographical Review. Vol. 32. 55 P.
12.
Hassan ,H.A.; Eloubaiby, A.Z.; Griolet ,
C.P.; Ayob , M.S.; Abbas ,A.L.; Jamal, N.;
Smoor,P.B.;(1977): Galal Badra project area
part I : Geological and Hydrological
Investigations.Bull. No. 106. Scientific
Research Foundation Ministry of Higher
Education and Scientific Research .
Baghdad . Iraq . 35 P.

-2

( 45.93)

-3

-4

( 39.0) ( 6.93)

. 3( 41.29 * 106)

:
1.

Wilson, E.M. 1974. Engineering

Hydrology. The Macmillian Press Ltd.,
London. Second edition. 232 P.
.2002
.2

. .
.( 100) .

.2001.

.3

.
4.
Langbein, W.B. 1962. The Water
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5.
Jassim, H.F. 1981. Principles of
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6.
Doornbos, J.,and Pruitte W.O.H .1977.
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Domemico,
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Schwartz.1998 :Physical and chemical
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Simmers, I. 1998. Groundwater
Recharge
Principles
Problems
and
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112