DT126/3

Third Year Civil Technician Diploma- Reinforced Concrete Design

RC Beam Design Procedure Section Design for Moment

Initial Design:
Choose the initial section dimensions. Factors to be considered are the basic span/depth
ratio, the minimum requirements for durability and fire resistance. Remember to take
account of cover and the size of the shear links in determining the overall depth, h, and
the effective depth, d. A rough guide for the width of the section is about half the depth.
Analysis:
Analyse the structure using standard structural analysis techniques. Choose the location
of the section to be designed and read the moment, M, that the section must resist from
the bending moment diagram.
Design Procedure:
1. Calculate K = M / fcubd2
2. Check K:
K
design as singly reinforced section (K = 0.156)
> K
design as doubly reinforced section
Singly Reinforced Section Design:
1. Calculate z = d [ 0.5 + (0.25 K / 0.9)]. If K 0.043 then z = 0.95d
2. Calculate As = M / 0.95fyz
Doubly Reinforced Section Design:
1. Calculate z = d [ 0.5 + (0.25 K / 0.9)]
2. Calculate x = (d z) / 0.45
3. Check d / x:
0.43
> 0.43

continue on to stage 4
compression reinforcement elastic

4. Calculate As = (K K)fcubd2 / 0.95fy(d d)

5. Calculate As = Kfcubd2 / 0.95fyz + As
Choosing Reinforcement:
Select the number & diameter of bars to provide an area not less than, and as close as
practicable to, the calculated values of As and As.
Specific Detailing Requirements:
Check these requirements are met:
1. Min & max areas of rebar.
2. Number of bars in a bundle 4.
3. Spacing between bars.
Lecturer: Colin Caprani

DT126/3

Third Year Civil Technician Diploma- Reinforced Concrete Design

Bar Area Tables:

2

Cross Sectional areas of groups of bars (mm )

6

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Circumference

28
57
85
113
141
170
198
226
254
283
18.8

50
101
151
201
251
302
352
402
452
503
25.1

Number of bars

Bar Size (mm)

10
79
157
236
314
393
471
550
628
707
785
31.4

12
113
226
339
452
565
679
792
905
1018
1131
37.7

16
201
402
603
804
1005
1206
1407
1608
1810
2011
50.3

20
314
628
942
1257
1571
1885
2199
2513
2827
3142
62.8

25
491
982
1473
1963
2454
2945
3436
3927
4418
4909
78.5

32
804
1608
2413
3217
4021
4825
5630
6434
7238
8042
100.5

40
1257
2513
3770
5027
6283
7540
8796
10053
11310
12566
125.7

Cross Sectional areas of bars per metre width (mm )

Pitch of bars

Bar Size (mm)

10

12

16

20

25

32

40

75

377

670

1047

1508

2681

4189

6545

10723

16755

100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300

283
226
188
162
141
126
113
103
94

503
402
335
287
251
223
201
183
168

785
628
524
449
393
349
314
286
262

1131
905
754
646
565
503
452
411
377

2011
1608
1340
1149
1005
894
804
731
670

3142
2513
2094
1795
1571
1396
1257
1142
1047

4909
3927
3272
2805
2454
2182
1963
1785
1636

8042
6434
5362
4596
4021
3574
3217
2925
2681

12566
10053
8378
7181
6283
5585
5027
4570
4189

Percentages of Reinforcement for Rectangular Beams and fy = 460 N/mm2:

Action

Percentage

Minimum

Maximum

Tension

100 As / bd

0.13

Compression

100 As / bd

0.2

Spacing Requirements (to control cracking):

1. Minimum requirements, between bundles of bars (hagg = max. aggregate size):
Vertically:
2 hagg / 3 mm
Horizontally:
hagg + 5 mm
2. Maximum requirements:
Horizontally (fy = 460 N/mm2):
Diagonally (from corner of beam):
Vertically (d 750 mm only):

s1 160 mm
s2 s1 / 2 mm
s3 250 mm (sides of beam only)
Lecturer: Colin Caprani

DT126/3

Third Year Civil Technician Diploma- Reinforced Concrete Design

RC Beam Design Procedure Section Design for Shear

Initial Design:
Mostly determined by deflection/ durability considerations, however, make sure that the
maximum shear stress (vmax = V/bvd) at the support does not exceed 0.8fcu or 5 N/mm2.
If these values are exceeded alter the section so as to meet these comfortably.
Analysis:
Establish the shear force diagram using usual techniques.
Design Procedure:
1. At the given section calculate the shear stress, v:
v = V / b vd
2

Check v 0.8fcu or 5 N/mm

2. Calculate the design concrete shear stress, vc, from:

vc = 0.79(fcu /25)1/3 (100As /bvd)1/3(400/d)1/4/m
Where:
100As /bvd 3
400/d 1
fcu /25 1 and fcu 40 N/mm2
3. Enhance the design concrete shear capacity for sections 2d to the support:
enhanced vc = 2vcd/av
4. Calculate the required area of vertical shear links Asv, from:
Asv = bvsv(v vc)/0.95fy
Or calculate the maximum spacing for a given bar size (or Asv) from:
sv = 0.95fy Asv / bv(v vc)
Choosing Reinforcement:
T or R bars may be used. Usual bar sizes are 8, 10, 12. Link spacing, sv, should be a
multiple of 25 mm. Use the same bar size in a beam, just alter the spacing to
accommodate differing strength requirements. Links can be provided across the full
width of the beam, they do not have to be concentrated in the perimeter.
Specific Detailing Requirements:
Minimum area of shear links to be provided anywhere in a beam: Asv = 0.4bvsv / 0.95fy.
Spacing of links 0.75d. Spacing of links should not be less than 100 mm, or 75 mm in
exceptional circumstances for poker access to the concrete.

Lecturer: Colin Caprani