win, wy sae ec Nye Phase Vocoder By J. L. FLANAGAN and RM. GOLD! (Atannerp sively 18, 1) A soe uchniqu i deserted in which speoh signal ave represen fy thir shorine phase and amplitude spa. A comple tranaanion ‘oom ising tht approach i ialaed on digital empater. The en ‘ing meth lade to an eanomy in transmsaion adh and toa ‘ont for tne compression wad expension of speech signal Anaya ends for seo train sa fin rabteal fore pais A caoray sven oto resale tir he iprmoetnt rae “in-me wel non canna af Pl drs igh itt in tng Th ermine hy es “Cc horeine spa ston meatier ee, ‘elk excatan deere om of the foment eens “Thee al tn yeaa Ste he sia rs “eth stag prem of gy spots me Sarena hae cel ete hall spite ‘he excitation data. Hae 7 f ‘bane tan fhe veal (VEN) Tet ‘erly on nnn of spel bal tol ‘coh lotany the asain rman, Tix perl nee no ‘oni united im he hal vce by mero ny ‘Se snag Thgh vate em of extn del "tab of ingrovel uy wi mrt nave pce =p eer pou eee er rng spe ise onpanetantaag un cate ve ql a ‘othe tas jenna enn fo tmp nd “tion the Se tne, Ta med pe te eel a ‘Sef esr ine smd ad pe ptr or sen, Sea hse afr ke te VEN Pas esl vs tt Nnv1a4 9Is svecch signa /() is psd through» paral bat of contigo, | ie Ho) 26H Tet the imple esp of Un nth itor Ie afd) = MO comes, o ‘where the envelope fanetion A) ix noerally the impulse response of» Thyseally-etible low-pass ite, Them the ouput ofthe nth ere Ue convaation of) with 9, = [fab nat = 7 = naLen Go [y00KE = a9 0 C—semre] | "The latter integral « short-tlne Fourie trnafinm of the ine signal fi) coated af rian rq oy Tt the Fonsi irr tha prt ff) hie iowa” through the sing time aero Fig 1—Pitering fact contig ban ys itor ase voronen 05 ute Af wo denote the complex valu of this transform Fae, ts i. Mone the sortcine ample spectra [Moe [and ts sat athe sortie hare spetrum gor 8). Then 1) = Reon (jaslDPlee D1 He) = | Flex 9 | oo bot + olen DL w poe fl) mays therfore, bs dsc the imaltaneone sepitde Fata nonlin of carson fn as) By the ort tns an ie eet apeten of (0), bth eva at fen ereare with han vrs sho thatthe magia amen (eeisTmag be Kut isited fo send 2040-30 Fe il steal loss of perep tilly iguieant cai. The pare fanetione REN} however, te peraly tt bouraeds ene ney are nettle iaeunenion parameter, Tir time derivatives pay yf, on the Ave hands ae moe well haved and we apa that thoy aye ened ad toate i eurnin. To within sa {Svnttant the phase funetins ean ae ewovere fron Hh intra (Ecumalate} values nf the derivatives. One practical approximation ef thereon, FAO) = [Fla | at + pon 6 a “Te expectation i that To of the aii phe constant wll wo be lay eters Recnstrustinn ofthe origi signal casos yung the ‘apt w onilatosrnodulate in phase and apie. The ol oar to he nominal foun aa dey are simltanusly ‘hee and amplitude monulate from band ited versione of pe 8) fed] Fag sf]. The eynthens operations ae diagramed in Fig 2 ‘Those aalysisynesi operations maybe weed a ntatvely tnyeling may, The conventional channel vooodr separates voed ex "tion al soetral envelope fusions, The spectral eelone Foretione "Cth ranventinal vornder am tho same as thse deri ere by Fla. |The excitation information, howoree, is contained in a Spal whick specifies voic pte sel voited-unvaeed (huh) «x ‘lation the pase vocoder when the mimber of chanel it easly| _ JESS SSS SSESeeReeeseeeeeSsReSeSSnEEel d [ater zw [ [oem | ri 2— Spveh vt bso heat in min om in, Tang, the infotaton shout excitation ie vonveyed primarily yy cee signatet Tn the prewent torhnique, and if goad quality: Stata tmsion are register, the inieatione are tht tho st ‘nals nay require abot the same chan eapaity a che set, eran feracon. This prcininary fmpession sens no wnneeen Ghote view ot our rayeieace with voice ually in voenders. | | ‘Wehave smated a complete has voor analyzer nd sates con an TBAT 7094 computer. The program, written jn the BLODLS Tngagy® provide forthe proowsing of any Hyitaliae jut rey anal Festi bal info the program permits exatinaton of «mune eet deca paramreer such ax number of rhannel, width of analysing Pare busta; bau rane freien ano Hinton of the pose font apie rigs i The aly, the anylitde and phe spectra are computed 1 forming the ral sa iaginary pars of the emp: sper Flag = alee 8) nD where ate [fant ona sax van =[pome—nenan eet, ith zal outro nd nls ta SOIR ete tran inte agetal mone eh tet imately te amped pase : oc IPO] = @ +09 ant , at) = (58 Ici, ‘nrg the wal ae inaginaey ts of (8) nto {ite Fr for programing se snot) «7 Syria 17 Wo nT) = 1 SUT Hsin wAT A(T — IT), tare 7 the samying interval. I the pret the tions, the ier sion, 7 = 10 vale are compile de = ales + DT} = lay wT] oo 4b = Ys (0 + DT] Ha o “Te magpie faction nl phase derivation in divete fon, are rept fom 8) a (9) 38, | Pos 711 aint oe, 1 (baa = Fm = 9 » 9) Fig. shows tock diagram of single salyzer channels eel in MODI, Si this Hoek oF ening rue for ene eae, it is ‘baat new Hlrk tye id hrf used as thou it were & ‘ie Hook, "A parameter ssacstd with the block detemians the ‘ater fen for ears chanel. The Cine-wieloe naling filer, Med (EP), tl speak and eat be cv simply by "wraaditatin of a dient block of eating Inthe preet sition sstvoder wel Bier fe wed fr the Lt) wie. Ie ampli, ph mil lay rpc re ptt in Figs (ae (yaa Ge), reetively. le imae ad ste responce ‘mire in gs Ad) ad (9). The preent snlaton wer AD chanel (2 ade — Be 10) ale The evant pa band of thecont] [oe LG snagged pints ta etry “1 ‘ ang of 0 Progen ‘he amphi fiom af he ke tech shane! peo Blt) = | Fl sin hots he inv ean vein 6 (se ees ‘spt of he poet ination, tial fits were apie to the | a ieee bythe ening Block bo hc HT) ire Ther bee fnivanee Toe de ste i ig 5. Th i ills dow awl pve neh itn of 251 sores ee em (848 a 9912) \ a HNEE e/NSrsee (adm) 27 Jia Bel | 1] 7 | | a | Bl — 4 valiel Co ab Sea sash ht fa ie | | i | $f | % Bs 36 0 Fg, $— ortho Dalle lor we tout he | P| a ‘nen vcore 101 AMterbandimitation, the phase snd amplitd signals are ws to sqitesize an outpatacvoding to (11). The rst of prowess m com plete sentence through the programms syson is shown by the sod fpciogrnia in Fig. .* Since the aga har! sovered by the agen fi sythei i 103050, che lieve renal io ea ea a a6 {920 Hl. Tn this example, the syste Is sonnet n'a bake to bee ‘enfigratio, and ihe haem ehannel signals are not mil pled Comparion of exginal aul syntesae sjtrogm reveals that feenankdetits ve wel preserve tpi and weed univ fe fan are retain to pete sigue, areurary. The quality of Tie rsting siya eoneideraby sane that ital ase ith veda hianel ven Seid convention itiplexing methods for easing the ba ie ph itd cane ig tha spacer ineiisonsnutiples), the coding trhnique suggests sever other esis for trwmirsiow ina pratcae romana aystene ‘san example, supporo Hated bundyideh analog kweli the salable communication Fike One sufvantagonts pro het silt cv (Ora down) all of he phe erative sigs By “re mbes, say 2 f the aval channel hes nly ne alte oe ‘oneal wor uli aya ogy f o-hal the ginal Iuahwadin ic thon pruced by luting rset os 2 by the 2 and | Fs "Te stot nee gal oy ie Sal ove the hall anidth hanna A the rewiver,rstaraion tthe org Ini is arcompisha 'y 4 evan wspinnee of alsin sythecis npetiansy tnt, suplito o phisenals of th land sgl, lito a shave derivative signals yy factor of 2 and elation of on weve hy the str ga renalyaed |e signal Thin lh hina” transmission elastin ig 3. Sperteogane of te tthe asin pee tl pl a he ean ‘et royailesil ontptt are xhown Ie lene that two tine throat {boro inal measurable deralation, but the ately ‘nl salty, particularly for high-iteve wor, rns tena Lt es, the greatest umber 4 I whieh the a and ge maybeee Ete ee Aisin the sideband sent er ag Es, and Uy how well xeon | a he eek | ten® Prosi the arate wer spyeue to he ube shoves 0 srntbetirfeguemy diva sig nay be livision of ful + fully sone nae Thee rally corre, Its tle of 02:1 Feeney avin why the snd stnograms ng. Ty nk is rope parallel tthe aon st Kine see eos Fri of the free tetninues fr a | bate vitoren sata The wale reno fhe wise pombe hy he ian a +S au thal inh ending ee He htt signal sal the vealed igi = spre tines anole of tine-exparale seh incon by te ey "The expan fetus proven intestine ace J feinstingstention tothe pected peptic at J tev some — suelo rpidly arial evant ‘of the tine seas prepa ft wally the ttn eae my alent lal hay Tuma re he phe Yoon tt the penton fr wl compression a the tine at es sip sei of the phasederivalive spurns Sie fe TIME COMPRESSED (+; sae a a e 7 Ey| Mover avin sal mutica free on Reet 2 5 FE) tan be vai ie phaser vocader provides an attractive toolopIGINAL, § i q 935/244 se sown thesia Ase wooo 107 The rowiiltien f taneney dvs imply that the JF | ane gs seule ae, in practval fer batt Mee sr elt lt ofthe mero an pg ssl wag of ol hg ig hy. (Dvert Tees thes tren) Ala, iar al tl 8 total Bene oepaney of onc hal he orga eel oeee 1, how ce ait is hwnd nese ih sie eatin fo epg iw saa x sorb iltering, evererant eet i the recone oe inal. Qualitative, Lyne teri ofthe tts the at As deserts previo, le in relatively gen yer uty wun spnthen ag ser, smieforter tele betes hae savage iri Ue conn vials ty % ignale spent ‘tapsieat, and “ae vice at the synthe, tel with (4) hs ponte nt that rok tsi in the hve rounder may be etd sete rte and phe meal M0 = [Feo (as + 00), sae Fal ex ate on-hand init, re vu foneions of oy iol ine, Practically, the bandwidth off) i ential to ee I's the cub tranny of the low ps ine anerte i), Ths fe ‘he anh, However, suet in an exit way the Dad secure sl w.. Tho experimental roule ofthe pera sey ate that cach of the ltr, at let for patna partons ea nied to arn I/2 or eh ‘altel treatment leading te ical, Even the inverse problem ha alee oy ovrujany ofa simaltanonetyanplituie snl pace wchatcd arte tav ony be bout lon To apply thee bow rae Ur destin of the. | a ysgol: Alough thea areas {acu be nce for a given speech signal,» ete ether ot presatly avilable. 1 easy to ance te hi 1. Consiler the nsual ial of volved speech ted i Bie puke sure, howe Iregeney (el) ay eh its, snplving excitation 10 2 linear, passives never ee vation f the setorktanasion repeownt the ea "as thin the vol sora utes ual the vera tae ements dl tales in er of neve os Cange 8) the “won inariy soo vleitch The Feige ov ee) ‘teed th yon sone peteuan wal yea raise kien Auplieains of the pe woe telugu to distal (atsisien Ae of eure obvions ven an evepale fad lta of the NP slo signa, ach may asamp a ts Nyene tates or hen natin 1 a aera tt x perptely Prien. AL thie weg tons for swing sul sami the wad sn have no In fii lett, eel en oe enero, hee & nonunion aisibutinn the eos Peruithe of The aly fiers would spear evan Hor example, renter ese Init chnsen seeonine tothe Keen seal, Tl et cle ete slvry eta an uly isidene AML of tse Handi taper are sharateizal ye was which ovotomically inva Wil Frayne. In mich ery he ome pe ering appt td ante inal: won have ete Troy fl increasing monoonirally wth fmaponry. On the le el, th low ee fers apie to the phe seal wht Hee ee wh Wold sete th lense wth gucney, sa et opting 4 for amp signs sl imi for phi sg, I elite, ‘quantization levels forall sls eight he tuyere maton Cs ‘were with iereaing cane fue. This sales eae the abiity of Une ear to pene fue al amperage ‘he highend fame peri etal lew ae Hs or (he hover par Although tai sly is yet fo fe ane of tinny digital Fe ats, exprien jn thie aes th awe eens geste hat ‘rancisoaBit rates somewhat ws thant ble sal he Dpwsible witout impairment duc to digit, This rte seve {ime es than that normaly swt wth omparaie aig PCAT acon ofthe speed wore eshte he nto o sec Inia ot forms fragile the tt wth I fri Ito ality sal ttl i rte fake ase he Inte inet Hecate the phase veer pe pase derivative sigs i ew ie ight on 1509 vies «patirabry coneriont mee for sliplyng a viding the fry sevtrun of atl gl. hy the see ae yesnient mcthe forrumpnrsing or eajning et ea sl: Prouiemy division of seth ques vil or pene xi bering tii nthe hgh traen Time comnmonion shows trometry “apc re ers i impuinel ih " Hegrhoaroustie wl physiol tics sow tha th hum ear abr 8 type of shorttine spre nates wf aon eee ye tals ore a ely Fen the a cal live io ror te the along eae resenting mnt eae est The pce pa a-nation * ts ie tho fre trade hedeeribing sor sus intern hatte val the ‘romped an phaesirvatve wet. Inconsistent Loe sper sane oreying enh othe ele tl he of the original sn, pareve prep gicent hr *€ sia. Further baa caervati at te foe ha sew of nena avalily. As hn may athe tomnminean eae “oan of tant rnsorvatin (a i rate] wees nea ck ‘mle may rho the yin of writin Mia een ip aa a Koi s