Quy phạm trang bị điện - Quy Định Chung

CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHA VIT NAM
B CNG NGHIP
QUY PHA M TRANG B I N

PHN I
QUY NH CHUNG
11 TCN - 18 - 2006
Nm 2006
B CNG NGHIP
S:
CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hanh phuc
Mc lc
19 /2006 /Q-BCN
Ha Ni, ngay 11 thang 7 nm 2006
MC LC
QUYT NH
V vic ban hanh Quy pham trang b in
Phn I
QUY NH CHUNG
B TRN
G B CNG NGHIP
Cn c Ngh nh s 55/2003/N-CP nga y 28 tha n g 05 nm 2003 cu a

Chnh phu quy nh chc nng, nhim vu, quyn han va c cu t chc cua
B Cng nghip;
Chng I.1
PHN CHUNG
Cn c Ngh nh s 179/2004/N-CP ngay 21 thang 10 nm 2004 cua

Chnh phu ban hanh Quy nh quan ly nha nc v cht lng san phm, hang
hoa;
Theo ngh cua Vu trng Vu Khoa hoc, Cng ngh,
QUYT NH:
iu 1. Ban hanh kem theo Quyt nh nay Quy pham trang b in gm
cac phn sau y:
Phn I: Quy nh chung. Ky hiu: 11 TCN-18-2006.
Phn II : H thng ng dn in. Ky hiu: 11 TCN-19-2006.
Phn III: Trang b phn phi va Tram bin ap. Ky hiu: 11 TCN-20-2006.
Phn IV: Bao v va t ng. Ky hiu: 11 TCN-21-2006.
iu 2. Quyt nh nay co hiu lc sau 15 ngay k t ngay ng Cng
bao
va thay th Quyt nh s 507/L/KT ngay
22 than
g 12 nm 1984 cua B
in lc (nay la B Cng nghip). Quy pham nay ap dung trong toan nganh
in
, thn
g nht ap
dun
g trn toan
quc trong cac lnh vc thit k, lp
t cac
cng trnh in
.
iu 3. Cac B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh phu, Uy ban
nhn dn cac tnh, thanh ph trc thuc trung ng va cac t chc, ca nhn co
lin quan chu trach nhim
thi han
h Quyt nh nay
./.
Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3,
- Toa an nhn dn ti cao,
- Vin Kim sat nhn dn ti cao,
- HND, UBND cac tnh, thanh ph trc thuc T,
- Cuc Kim tra vn ban B T phap,
- Cng bao,
- Lu VT, KHCN, PC.
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha............................................. 1

Ch dn chung v trang b in............................................ 22
u cng trnh in vo h thng in................................ 30
Chng I.2
Li IN V CUNG CP IN
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha........................................... 32

Yu cu chung................................................................... 34
Loi h tiu th in, tin cy cung cp in.................... 38
S cung cp in............................................................ 40
Cht lng in p v iu chnh in p............................ 42
Li in thnh ph in p n 35 kV............................... 45
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Mc lc
Mc lc
Chng I.3
CHN TIT DIN DY DN
Phm vi p dng ................................................................. 49

Chn dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t....................... 49
Chn dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php....................... 53
Chn dy dn theo pht nng cho php.......................... 54
Dng in lu di cho php ca cp lc............................... 63
Dng in lu di cho php i vi
dy dn v thanh dn trn .............................................. 76
Chn dy dn theo iu kin vng quang............................ 84
Chn dy chng st............................................................ 85
Chn dy dn v cch in, kim tra kt cu chu lc

theo lc in ng ca dng in ngn mch..................... 91
Chn dy dn theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch........92
Chn thit b in theo kh nng ng ct........................... 94
Chng I.5
M IN NNG
Chng I.4
CHN THIT B IN V DY DN THEO
Chng I.6
O IN
IU KIN NGN MCH
Phm vi p dng................................................................. 86
Yu cu chung................................................................... 86
Xc nh dng in ngn mch c hn
thit b v dy dn ........................................................ 89
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha.......................................... 96

Yu cu chung................................................................. 97
V tr t cng t.............................................................. 98
Yu cu i vi cng t.................................................. 101
m in nng qua my bin in o lng....................102
t v u dy vo cng t............................................. 106
Cng t kim tra (k thut).............................................108
Phm vi p dng ..........................................................110

Yu cu chung............................................................... 110
o dng in.................................................................. 112
o in p v kim tra cch in .................................... 114
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Mc lc
Mc lc
o cng sut. ................................................................. 117

o tn s........................................................................ 118
o lng khi ho ng b............................................... 119
t dng c o in........................................................ 119
Chng I.7
NI T
Ni t cc thit b in cm tay........................................ 143

Ni t cc thit b in di ng........................................ 144
Trang b ni t................................................................ 146
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v................................. 148
ph lc I.3...................................................................... 160
ph lc i.7........................................................................169
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha......................................... 121

Yu cu chung................................................................. 125
Nhng b phn phi ni t.............................................. 129
Nhng b phn khng phi ni t................................... 130
Ni t thit b in in p trn 1 kV
trung tnh ni t hiu qu ............................................... 131
Ni t thit b in ti vng
t c in tr sut ln..................................................... 136
Ni t thit b in in p
trn 1 kV trung tnh cch ly.............................................. 138
Ni t thit b in in p n 1 kV
trung tnh ni t trc tip ................................................ 140
Ni t thit b in in p
n 1 kV trung tnh cch ly............................................... 142
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
PHN I
QUY NH CHUNG
Chng I.1
PHN CHUNG
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha
I.1.1. Quy phm trang b in (QT) p dng cho cc cng trnh
in xy mi v ci to, in p n 500 kV, tr cc cng
trnh in chuyn dng.
I.1.2. Trang b in l tp hp v kt ni cc thit b in dng
sn xut, bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v tiu th in
nng. Cc trang b in trong quy phm ny c chia
thnh 2 loi:
Loi c in p n 1 kV
Loi c in p trn 1 kV
I.1.3. Trang b in ngoi tri bao gm cc thit b in c lp
t ngoi tri.
Trang b in ngoi tri kiu h: bao gm cc thit b in
khng c bo v chng tip xc trc tip v khng
c che chn, ngn nga tc ng ca mi trng.
Trang b in ngoi tri kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b in
c v bc chng tip xc trc tip v tc ng ca
mi trng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.4. Trang b in trong nh: bao gm cc thit b in c

lp t trong nh hoc phng kn.
Trang b in trong nh kiu h: bao gm cc thit b
in khng c bo v hon ton chng tip xc
trc tip.
Trang b in trong nh kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b
c bo v hon ton chng tip xc trc tip.
I.1.5. Gian in l gian nh hoc phn ca gian nh c ngn
ring t thit b in v/hoc t bng in.
I.1.6. Gian kh l gian c m tng i khng vt qu
75%. Khi khng c nhng iu kin nu trong cc
iu I.1.9, 10, 11 th gian gi l gian bnh thng.
I.1.7. Gian m l gian c m tng i vt qu 75%.
I.1.8. Gian rt m l gian c m tng i xp x 100%
(trn, tng, sn nh v vt trong nh ng nc).
o
I.1.9. Gian nng l gian c nhit vt qu +35 C trong thi
gian lin tc hn 24 gi.
I.1.10. Gian hoc ni bi l gian hoc ni c nhiu bi.
Gian hoc ni bi c chia thnh gian hoc ni c bi
dn in v gian hoc ni c bi khng dn in.
I.1.11. Ni c mi trng hot tnh ho hc l ni thng xuyn
hoc trong thi gian di c cha hi, kh, cht lng c th
to ra cc cht, nm mc dn n ph hng phn cch
in v/hoc phn dn in ca thit b in.
I.1.12. Cn c vo mc nguy him do dng in gy ra i

vi ngi, cc gian hoc ni t thit b in c
chia thnh:
1. Gian hoc ni nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt trong
nhng yu t sau:
a. m hoc bi dn in (xem iu I.1.7 v iu I.1.10).
b. Nn, sn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct
thp, gch v.v.).
c. Nhit cao (xem iu I.1.9).
d. C kh nng ngi tip xc ng thi mt bn l kt
cu kim loi ca nh ca hoc thit b cng ngh, my
mc v.v. ni t, v mt bn l v kim loi ca thit
b in.
e. C cng in trng ln hn mc cho php.
2. Gian hoc ni rt nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt
trong nhng yu t sau:
a. Rt m (xem iu I.1.8).
b. Mi trng hot tnh ho hc (xem iu I.1.11).
c. ng thi c hai yu t ca gian nguy him.
3. Gian hoc ni t nguy him l gian hoc ni khng
thuc hai loi trn.
I.1.13. Mc n: Khi xy mi hoc ci to cc cng trnh in cn
p dng cc bin php gim ting n, m bo khng vt
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
qu mc cho php theo bng I.1.1 v bng I.1.2.

Cc bin php gim ting n gm:
Bin php k thut: thit k cng nghip, cch ly, c lp
ngun n, s dng quy trnh cng ngh c mc n thp,
cc thit b in c cng sut m thp.
Bin php m hc trong xy dng: dng vt liu cch
m hoc tiu m.
ng dng iu khin t xa, t ng ho.
Bng I.1.1: Mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng cng
v dn c (n v dB)
Thi gian
Khu vc
T 6h n
18h
Trn 18h
n 22h
Trn 22h
n 6h
Khu vc cn c bit
yn tnh nh: Bnh
vin, trng hc, th
vin, nh iu dng,
nh tr, nh th, n
cha
Khu dn c, khch
sn, nh ngh, c quan
hnh chnh
Khu dn c xen k
trong khu vc thng
mi, dch v sn xut
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Bng I.1.2: Mc p sut m ti mt s v tr lm vic
V tr lm vic
Mc p Mc m cc cta di trung tn [Hz],

khng qu [dB]
sut m
tng
ng,
khng
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
qu,
[dBA]
Ti v tr lm vic,
sn xut
85
99 92
86
83
80
78
76
74
Phng iu khin
t xa, cc phng
th nghim, thc
nghim c
ngun n
80
94 87
82
78
75
73
71
70
Phng iu khin
t xa, cc phng
th nghim, thc
nghim khng c
ngun n
70
87 79
72
68
65
63
61
59
Cc phng chc
nng (k ton, k
hoch, thng k
v.v.)
65
83 74
68
63
60
57
55
54
Cc phng
nghin cu, thit
k, my tnh v x
l s liu
55
75 66
59
54
50
47
45
43
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.14. Bc x mt tri: Trang thit b in t trong nh c th b

qua nh hng ca bc x mt tri. Tuy nhin trong mt s
trng hp c bit, thit b v tr c cng bc x
chiu vo th cn ch n nhit b mt tng cao.
Thit b in t ngoi tri cn c nhng bin php c
bit m bo nhit lm vic ca thit b khng vt
qu nhit cho php.
I.1.15. R kh SF6
Trong gian in c cc thit b cha kh SF6 b tr pha
trn hoc mt t, yu cu mt na din tch cc l
thng hi phi nm gn mt t. Nu khng t yu cu
trn cn phi c thng gi cng bc.
Trong gian in c cc thit b cha kh SF6 t di mt
t th cn phi thng gi cng bc nu lng kh thot
ra nh hng ti sc khe v an ton ca con ngi. Cc
phng, ng dn, hm v.v. di v thng vi gian c thit
b s dng kh Sf6 cng cn phi thng gi.
I.1.16. R du cch in
My bin p hoc khng in c du phi c b cha
du ring hoc kt hp b cha du ring vi h thu
gom du chung.
Vi cc thit b in trong nh c th dng sn nh khng
thm c g cao s dng nh mt h gom du nu
Phn I: Quy nh chung
c s my bin p khng ln hn 3 v lng du cha

trong mi my t hn 1.000 lt.
Vi cc thit b in t ngoi tri c th khng cn h
thu du nu my bin p cha du t hn 1.000 lt. iu
ny khng p dng cho nhng vng thu gom nc
v/hoc nhng vng c ngun nc c bo v.
i vi cc trm phn phi t ngoi tri c my bin p
treo trn ct khng cn b tr b cha du.
I.1.17. Thit b in kiu ngm du l thit b c b phn ngm
trong du trnh tip xc vi mi trng xung quanh,
tng cng cch in, lm mt v/hoc dp h quang.
I.1.18. Thit b in kiu chng chy n l my in hoc kh
c in c php dng nhng ni c mi trng d
chy n mi cp.
I.1.19. Vt liu k thut in l nhng vt liu c cc tnh cht
xc nh i vi trng in t s dng trong k
thut in.
I.1.20. Theo tnh cht l hc, vt liu k thut in c
chia thnh:
1. Vt liu chu la l vt liu khng chy hoc khng
ho thnh than, cn khi b t th khng t tip tc chy
hoc khng chy m .
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
2. Vt liu chu h quang l vt liu khng thay i tnh

cht di tc ng ca h quang trong iu kin lm
vic bnh thng.
3. Vt liu chu m l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht
di tc ng ca m.
4. Vt liu chu nhit l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht
di tc ng ca nhit cao hoc thp.
Bng I.1.3: Phn loi kt cu xy dng theo bc chu la
Chia nhm
theo mc
Mc chy
ca vt liu
Mc chy
ca cu kin
Nhm
khng chy
Di tc ng ca ngn
la hay nhit cao m
vt liu khng bc chy,
khng chy m , khng
b ccbon ho.
Cu kin lm bng cc vt
liu khng chy v c mc
chy nh ca vt liu
khng chy.
Nhm
kh chy
Di tc ng ca ngn
la hay nhit cao th
kh bc chy, kh chy
m hoc kh b ccbon
ho; ch tip tc chy
hay chy m khi tip
xc vi ngun la. Sau
khi cch ly vi ngun la
th ngng chy.
Cu kin lm bng vt liu

kh chy hoc vt liu d
chy nhng phi c lp bo
v bng vt liu khng chy
v c mc chy nh ca
vt liu kh chy.
Nhm
d chy
Di tc ng ca ngn
la hay nhit cao th
bc chy, chy m hoc
b ccbon ho v tip tc
chy m hoc b ccbon
ho sau khi cch ly
vi ngun chy.
Cu kin lm bng vt liu

d chy v khng c lp bo
v bng vt liu khng chy
v c mc chy nh ca
vt liu d chy.
5. Vt liu chu ho cht l vt liu khng thay i tnh

cht di tc ng ca ho cht.
I.1.21. Theo bc chu la, vt liu v kt cu xy dng c
chia thnh 3 nhm nu trong bng I.1.3.
I.1.22. in p danh nh ca h thng in (Nominal voltage
of a system)
Mt gi tr in p thch hp c dng nh r hoc
nhn dng mt h thng in.
I.1.23. Gi tr nh mc (Rated value)
Gi tr ca mt i lng, thng do nh ch to n nh
cho iu kin vn hnh quy nh i vi mt phn t,
mt thit b hoc dng c.
I.1.24. in p vn hnh h thng in (Operating voltage
in a system)
Tr s in p trong iu kin bnh thng, mt thi
im v ti mt im cho ca h thng in.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
I.1.25. in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest

(lowest) voltage of a system)
Tr s in p vn hnh cao nht (hoc thp nht) trong
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng bt k thi im

no v ti bt k im no trong h thng.
I.1.26. in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest voltage
for equipment)
Tr s cao nht ca in p pha - pha, theo cch in
v cc c tnh lin quan khc ca thit b c thit k
bo m in p ny v nhng tiu chun tng ng.
I.1.27. Cp in p (Voltage level)
Mt trong cc tr s in p danh nh c s dng
trong mt h thng no .
V d cp in p 110 kV, 220 kV hoc 500 kV...
I.1.28. lch in p (Voltage deviation)
lch in p th hin bng phn trm, gia in p ti
mt thi im cho ti mt im ca h thng v in
p i chiu nh: in p danh nh, tr s trung bnh ca
in p vn hnh, in p cung cp theo hp ng.
Gi tr in p gia pha vi t hoc gia cc pha, c tr

s nh vt qu nh tng ng ca in p cao nht ca
thit b.
I.1.32. Qu in p tm thi (Temporary overvoltage)
Mt gi tr qu in p dao ng ( tn s ca li) ti
mt v tr xc nh m khng gim c hoc tt dn
trong mt thi gian tng i lu.
I.1.33. Qu in p qu (Transient overvoltage)
Qu in p din ra trong thi gian rt ngn (khong mt
vi phn nghn giy hoc t hn), c dao ng hoc
khng dao ng, thng tt nhanh.
I.1.34. Dng in p (Voltage surge)
Mt sng in p qu lan truyn dc ng dy hoc
mt mch in, c c trng bi s tng in p rt
nhanh, sau gim chm.
I.1.35. Phc hi in p (Voltage recovery)
I.1.29. st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)

chnh lch in p ti mt thi im cho gia cc
in p o c ti hai im xc nh trn ng dy.
S phc hi in p ti mt tr s gn vi tr s trc
ca n sau khi in p b suy gim, b sp hoc b mt.
I.1.36. S khng cn bng in p (Voltage unbalance)
I.1.30. Dao ng in p (Voltage fluctuation)

Hng lot cc thay i in p hoc s bin thin c chu
k ca hnh bao in p.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
I.1.31. Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))
10
Hin tng khc nhau gia in p trn cc pha, ti mt

im trong h thng nhiu pha, gy ra do s khc nhau
Phn I: Quy nh chung
11
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
gia cc dng in ti hoc s khng i xng hnh hc

trn ng dy.
I.1.37. Qu in p thao tc (Switching overvoltage)
in p qu c dng tng t vi dng ca xung in
p ng ct tiu chun, c nh gi cho cc mc ch
phi hp cch in.
Khong cch trong kh quyn v trn b mt tip xc

vi khng kh ca cch in rn ca thit b m chng
chu tc ng ca ng sut in mi, nhng tc ng
ca kh quyn v cc tc ng bn ngoi khc, nh
nhim, m v.v.
I.1.43. Cch in trong (Internal insulation)
I.1.38. Qu in p st (Lightning overvoltage)

Qu in p qu c hnh dng tng t vi hnh dng
ca xung st tiu chun, c nh gi cho mc ch
phi hp cch in.
Cc phn cch in dng rn, lng hoc kh bn trong

thit b c bo v chng tc ng ca kh quyn v cc
tc ng bn ngoi khc.
I.1.44. Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring insulation)
I.1.39. Qu in p cng hng (Resonant overvoltage)

Qu in p pht sinh do dao ng cng hng duy tr
trong h thng in.
I.1.40. H s khng cn bng (Unbalance factor)
Trong h thng in ba pha, mc khng cn bng
c biu th bng t s phn trm gia tr s hiu dng
ca thnh phn th t nghch (hay th t khng) vi
thnh phn th t thun ca in p hoc dng in.
Cch in c khi phc li hon ton nhng c tnh

cch in sau khi b phng in.
I.1.45. Cch in khng t phc hi (Non-self-restoring
insulation)
Cch in b mt nhng c tnh cch in hoc khng
khi phc li hon ton nhng c tnh cch in sau khi
b phng in.
I.1.46. Cch in chnh (Main insulation)
I.1.41. Cp cch in (Insulation level)

L mt c tnh c xc nh bng mt hoc vi tr s
ch r in p chu ng cch in i vi mt chi tit c
th ca thit b.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
I.1.42. Cch in ngoi (External insulation)
12
- Cch in ca b phn mang in c tc dng bo v

chnh l chng in git.
- Cch in chnh khng nht thit bao gm phn cch
in s dng ring cho cc mc ch chc nng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
13
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.47. Cch in ph (Auxiliary insulation)

Cch in c lp c t thm vo cch in chnh
bo v chng in git trong trng hp cch in chnh
b hng.
I.1.48. Cch in kp (Double insulation)
Cch in bao gm ng thi c cch in chnh v
cch in ph.
I.1.49. Phi hp cch in (Insulation co-ordination)
S la chn mc cch in ca thit b v cc c tnh
ca thit b bo v c tnh n in p c th xut hin
trn h thng.
I.1.50. Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)
Vic truyn ti mt lng in nng t ngun in ti
khu vc tiu th in.
I.1.54. S h thng in (System diagram)

Th hin bng hnh hc v b tr ca mt h thng in,
trong cha thng tin cn thit cho cc yu cu c th.
I.1.55. S vn hnh h thng in (System operational
diagram)
Mt s h thng in biu th mt phng thc vn
hnh nht nh.
I.1.56. Quy hoch h thng in (Power system planning)
L ton b cc nghin cu v chng trnh lin quan n
s pht trin ca h thng in, bo m cc tnh nng
kinh t - k thut, m bo yu cu tng trng ph
ti in.
I.1.57. n nh ca h thng in (Power system stability)
I.1.51. Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)

Vic phn phi mt lng in nng ti khch hng
trong khu vc tiu th in.
I.1.52. Lin kt h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)
Lin kt cc h thng truyn ti in bng cc ng dy
hoc my bin p, trao i in nng gia cc h thng.
I.1.53. im u ni (Connection point)
L im ni ca n v pht in hoc li in ca
Phn I: Quy nh chung
ngi s dng hoc li in truyn ti vo h thng

in Quc gia.
14
Kh nng lp li trng thi xc lp ca mt h thng

in, c trng bi s vn hnh ng b ca cc my
pht sau mt nhiu lon, v d do bin thin cng sut
hoc tng tr.
I.1.58. n nh ca ti (Load stability)
Kh nng lp li ch xc lp sau mt nhiu lon ca ti.
I.1.59. n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of
a power system)
Phn I: Quy nh chung
15
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
S n nh ca h thng in sau cc nhiu lon c bin

tng i nh v tc bin thin chm.
I.1.64. H thng SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data

Acquisition System)
I.1.60. n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in

(Transient stability of a power system)
L h thng gim st, iu khin v thu thp cc d liu

vn hnh ca h thng in phc v cho vic x l ti
cc trung tm iu khin.
S n nh ca h thng, trong cc nhiu lon c th

c bin v/hoc tc bin thin tng i nhanh.
I.1.61. n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional
stability of a power system)
n nh ca h thng in t c khng cn s tr
gip ca cc phng tin iu khin t ng.
I.1.62. Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous
operation of a system)
I.1.65. Tiu chun vn hnh (Operation regulation)

L nhng quy nh v cc ch tiu kinh t, tiu chun k
thut, tnh ng b v an ton, tin cy ca h thng
in do c quan Nh nc c thm quyn ban hnh
phc v cho mc ch lp k hoch, lp phng thc v
vn hnh h thng in Quc gia.
I.1.66. Qun l nhu cu h thng (System demand control)
Tnh trng ca h thng in trong tt c cc my

in u vn hnh ng b.
S iu hnh nhu cu in ca pha tiu th trong h

thng in.
I.1.63. Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National LoadDispatch Center)
I.1.67.D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast

of a system)
L n v ch huy, iu hnh hot ng ca h thng in

Quc gia bao gm: lp k hoch pht in, phng thc
vn hnh v thc hin iu cc t my pht in u
ni vi h thng in Quc gia, iu khin hot ng ca
li in truyn ti, iu mua bn in vi h thng
in bn ngoi.
S chun b v kim tra cc chng trnh pht in, tc l

phn d phng v phn vn hnh, bao gm vic phn tch
s li in m bo cung cp in kinh t nht cho
nhng ph ti d kin vi mc an ton cn thit trong
khong thi gian cho, ca h thng cho, c xt n tt
c cc hn ch hin hu v tnh hung c th xy ra.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
16
Phn I: Quy nh chung
17
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.68. Tng cng h thng in (Reinforcement of a system)

B sung hoc thay th mt s thit b trong h thng in
(nh my bin p, ng dy, my pht v.v.) sao cho c
kh nng p ng c s tng trng ph ti hoc m
bo cht lng cung cp in.
I.1.69. Khong cch lm vic ti thiu (Minimum working
distance)
Khong cch an ton ti thiu, trong khng kh, c
duy tr gia cc b phn mang in thng xuyn vi
mt nhn vin bt k ang lm vic trong trm hoc
ang x l trc tip bng dng c dn in.
I.1.70. Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation
clearance)
Khong cch an ton nh nht phi tun theo gia cc
b phn mang in hoc gia phn mang in vi t.
I.1.71. Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal
generating set)
Qu trnh m t my pht c tng tc , ho vo h
thng mang ti sau mt thi gian di khng vn hnh.
I.1.72. Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal
generating set)
Qu trnh mt my pht c tng tc , ho vo h
Phn I: Quy nh chung
18
thng v mang ti sau thi gian ngn khng vn hnh m

cha thay i qu nhiu tnh trng nhit ca tuabin.
I.1.73. Kh nng qu ti (Overload capacity)
Ti cao nht m c th c duy tr trong mt thi
gian ngn.
I.1.74. Sa thi ph ti (Load shedding)
Qu trnh loi b mt s ph ti c la chn trc
gii quyt tnh trng bt thng nhm duy tr tnh ton
vn ca h thng in cn li.
I.1.75. Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my
in) (Available capacity of a unit (of a power station)
Cng sut ti a mt t my (hoc mt nh my
in) c th vn hnh lin tc trong nhng iu kin
thc t.
I.1.76. Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve
power of a system)
chnh lch gia cng sut tng sn sng v nhu cu
cng sut ca h thng in.
I.1.77. D phng nng (Hot stand-by)
Cng sut tng kh dng ca cc my pht ang chy
khng ti hoc non ti pht in nhanh vo h thng.
I.1.78. D phng ngui (Cold reserve)
Phn I: Quy nh chung
19
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Cng sut tng sn sng ca cc my pht d phng m

vic khi ng c th ko di vi gi.
I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage reserve)
L cng sut d phng c th huy ng vo vn hnh
trong mt khong thi gian khng qu 24 gi.
I.1.80. D bo ph ti (Load forecast)
S c tnh ph ti ca mt li in ti mt thi im
tng lai nht nh.
I.1.81. D bo cu trc pht in (Generation mix forecast)
D bo thnh phn ca h thng pht in ti mt thi
im tng lai cho.
I.1.82. Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a
power system)
Nhng iu kin vn hnh ca mt li in trong
cc thng s trng thi ca h thng c coi l n nh.
I.1.83. Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a
power system)
Ch vn hnh ca li in trong c t nht mt
thng s trng thi ang thay i, thng thng l trong
thi gian ngn.
I.1.84. Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced
state of a polyphase network)
Phn I: Quy nh chung
20
Trng thi trong in p v dng in trong cc dy

dn pha to thnh cc h thng nhiu pha cn bng.
I.1.85. Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha
(Unbalanced state of a polyphase network)
Trng thi m trong in p v/hoc dng in trong
cc dy dn pha khng to thnh cc h thng nhiu pha
cn bng.
I.1.86. tin cy cung cp in (Service reliability)
Kh nng ca mt h thng in p ng c chc nng
cung cp in trong nhng iu kin n nh, theo thi
gian quy nh.
I.1.87. an ton cung cp in (Service security)
Kh nng hon thnh chc nng cung cp in ca h
thng in ti mt thi im cho trong vn hnh khi
xut hin s c.
I.1.88. Phn phi kinh t ph ti (Economic loading schedule)
Vic khai thc cc thnh phn sn c ca li in sao
cho t hiu qu kinh t nht.
I.1.89. S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a
distribution network)
S phn b ngun cp cho cc h tiu th cc pha khc
nhau ca li phn phi sao cho mc cn bng dng in
l cao nht.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
21
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.92. Kt cu, cng dng, phng php lp t, cp cch in

ca vt liu v thit b in phi ph hp vi in p danh
nh ca li in hoc thit b in, vi iu kin mi
trng v vi nhng yu cu nu trong quy phm ny.
I.1.93. Thit b in dng trong cng trnh in phi c c tnh
k thut ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca cng trnh.
I.1.94. Thit b ng ct in trong khng kh dng vng cao trn
1.000 m so vi mc nc bin phi c kim tra theo iu
kin ng ct in p sut kh quyn tng ng.
I.1.95. Thit b in v kt cu lin quan phi c bo v chng
g v n mn bng lp m, sn v.v. chu c tc ng
ca mi trng.
Mu sc sn phi ph hp vi mu sc chung ca gian
nh, kt cu xy dng v thit b cng ngh, nu ngoi
tri nn dng mu sn phn x tt.
I.1.96. Vic la chn thit b, kh c in v kt cu lin quan,
ngoi cc tiu chun v chc nng cn phi m bo cc
tiu chun v m, sng mui, tc gi, nhit
mi trng xung quanh, mc ng t v.v.
I.1.97. Phn xy dng ca cng trnh (kt cu nh v cc b
phn trong nh, thng gi, cp thot nc v.v.) phi tun
theo cc tiu chun, quy phm xy dng ca Nh nc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
23
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.98. Khi xy dng cng trnh in khng c ngi trc th

khng cn lm phng iu khin, phng ph cho ngi
lm vic, cng nh xng sa cha.
I.1.99. Vic thit k v chn cc phng n cho cng trnh in
phi da trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut,
p dng cc s n gin v tin cy, trnh v kinh
nghim khai thc, ng dng k thut mi, la chn ti u
nguyn vt liu.
I.1.100. Trong cng trnh in, cn c bin php d phn bit
cc phn t trong cng b phn nh c s , lc b
tr thit b, k ch, nh s hiu, sn mu khc nhau v.v.
I.1.101. Mu sn thanh dn cng tn mi cng trnh in phi
ging nhau.
Thanh dn phi sn mu nh sau:
1. i vi li in xoay chiu ba pha: pha A mu vng,
pha B mu xanh l cy, pha C mu , thanh trung tnh
mu trng cho li trung tnh cch ly, thanh trung tnh
mu en cho li trung tnh ni t trc tip.
2. i vi in mt pha: dy dn ni vi im u cun
dy ca ngun in mu vng, dy ni vi im cui
cun dy ca ngun mu . Nu thanh dn ca li
in mt pha r nhnh t thanh dn ca h thng ba pha
th phi sn theo mu cc pha trong li ba pha.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
24
3. i vi li in mt chiu: thanh dng (+) mu

, thanh m (-) mu xanh, thanh trung tnh mu trng.
I.1.102. Phi b tr v sn thanh dn theo cc ch dn di y:
1. i vi thit b phn phi trong nh, in xoay chiu
ba pha:
a. Khi thanh ci b tr thng ng: thanh trn (A) mu
vng; thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy; thanh di (C)
mu . Khi cc thanh b tr nm ngang, nm nghing
hoc theo hnh tam gic: thanh xa ngi nht (A) mu
vng; thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy; thanh gn ngi
nht (C) mu . Trng hp ngi c th tip cn c
t hai pha th thanh pha gn hng ro hoc tng ro (A)
mu vng, thanh xa hng ro hoc tng ro (C) mu .
b. Cc thanh r nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t hnh
lang vn hnh, thanh tri (A) mu vng, thanh gia (B)
mu xanh l cy v thanh phi (C) mu .
2. i vi thit b phn phi ngoi tri, in xoay
chiu ba pha:
a. Thanh ci v thanh ng vng: thanh gn my bin
p in lc nht (A) mu vng, thanh gia (B) mu xanh
l cy, thanh xa nht (C) mu .
b. Cc thanh r nhnh t h thng thanh ci: nu nhn t
thit b phn phi ngoi tri vo cc u ra ca my
Phn I: Quy nh chung
25
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
bin p in lc, thanh tri (A) mu vng, thanh gia

(B) mu xanh l cy, thanh phi (C) mu .
c. ng dy vo trm: nu nhn t ng dy vo
trm, ti v tr u ni, thanh tri (A) mu vng, thanh
gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh phi (C) mu .
d. Thit b phn phi ngoi tri dng dy dn mm lm
thanh ci th sn mu pha chn s ca thit b hoc
chm sn x mc thanh ci.
3. i vi in mt chiu:
a. Khi thanh ci b tr thng ng: thanh trn (thanh
trung tnh) mu trng; thanh gia (-) mu xanh; thanh
di (+) mu .
b. Khi thanh ci b tr nm ngang: nu nhn t hnh
lang vn hnh, thanh trung tnh xa nht mu trng,
thanh gia (-) mu xanh, thanh gn nht (+) mu .
c. Cc thanh r nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t pha
hnh lang vn hnh, thanh tri (thanh trung tnh) mu
trng, thanh gia (-) mu xanh, thanh phi (+) mu .
d. Trng hp c bit, nu thc hin nh trn m gp
kh khn v lp t hoc phi xy thm tr gn cc
thanh ci ca trm bin p lm nhim v o pha th
cho php thay i th t mu ca cc thanh.
I.1.103. cng trnh in khng gy nh hng nhiu v nguy

him cho cng trnh thng tin lin lc, phi tun theo
cc tiu chun, quy phm hin hnh c lin quan. Phi
c bin php chng nhiu dng in cng nghip cho
cc h thng thng tin v vin thng.
I.1.104. Trong cng trnh in phi c cc bin php m bo
an ton sau:
Dng loi cch in thch hp. Trng hp c bit
phi dng cch in tng cng.
B tr c ly thch hp n phn dn in hoc bc kn
phn dn in.
Lm ro chn.
Dng kho lin ng cho kh c in v cho ro chn
ngn nga thao tc nhm.
Ct t ng tin cy v nhanh chng cch ly nhng
phn thit b in b chm chp v nhng khu vc li
in b h hng.
Ni t v thit b in v mi phn t ca cng trnh
in c th b chm in
San bng th in, dng my bin p cch ly hoc
dng in p 42 V tr xung.
Dng h thng bo tn hiu, bin bo v bng cm.
Dng trang b phng h.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
26
Phn I: Quy nh chung
27
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
I.1.105. i vi li in n 1 kV, nhng ni do iu kin an
I.1.106. Trong nh , nh cng cng, ca hng v.v. v hoc tm

che phn mang in khng c c l. Trong gian sn
xut v gian in c php dng v hoc tm che c l
hoc kiu li.
ton khng th u trc tip cc thit b tiu th in

vo li th phi dng my bin p cch ly hoc dng
my bin p gim p c in p th cp 42 V tr xung.
Khi dng cc loi my bin p trn, phi tun theo cc
ch dn di y:
1. My bin p cch ly phi c kt cu an ton v chu
c in p th nghim cao hn bnh thng.
2. Mi my bin p cch ly ch c cp in cho mt
thit b v c bo v bng cu chy hoc ptmt c
dng in chnh nh khng qu 15 A pha s cp. in
p s cp ca my bin p cch ly khng c qu 380 V.
3. Cm ni t cun dy th cp ca my bin p cch
ly v thit b tiu th in ca n. V ca my bin p
ny phi c ni t.
4. My bin p gim p c in p th cp 42 V tr
xung c th dng lm my bin p cch ly nu chng
tho mn cc im nu trn.
My bin p gim p khng phi l my bin p cch ly
th phi ni t cc b phn sau: v my, mt trong
nhng u ra hoc im gia cun dy th cp.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
28
I.1.107. Ro ngn v tm che phi c kt cu sao cho ch tho

hoc m bng c l hoc dng c ring.
I.1.108. Ro ngn v tm che phi c bn c hc. i vi
thit b trn 1 kV, chiu dy ca tm che bng kim loi
khng c nh hn 1 mm. V che dy dn nn a su
vo trong my, thit b v dng c in.
I.1.109. trnh tai nn cho ngi do dng in v h quang
gy ra, mi trang b in phi c trang b phng h ph
hp vi quy phm s dng, th nghim v quy phm an
ton in.
I.1.110. Vic phng chy v cha chy cho trang b in c thit
b cha du, ngm trong du hoc tm du, sn cch
in v.v. phi thc hin theo cc yu cu nu trong cc
phn tng ng ca QT v quy nh ca c quan
phng chy a phng.
Ngoi ra khi a trang b in ni trn vo sn xut,
phi trang b y phng tin cha chy theo quy
nh ca quy phm phng chy v cha chy.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
29
Chng I.1: Phn chung
Chng I.1: Phn chung
u cng trnh in vo h thng in

I.1.111. Khi cng trnh in cn u vo h thng in, ngoi
nhng th tc xy dng c bn c quy nh cn
phi c s tho thun ca c quan qun l h thng
in, phi tun theo cc vn bn php quy hin hnh v
nhng iu kin k thut u ni nh sau:
1. Lp phng n xy dng cng trnh trong h
thng in.
2. Tng hp s liu ph ti in trong khu vc s xy
dng cng trnh.
3. D kin im u vo h thng in (trm in, nh
my in hoc ng dy dn in), cp in p
nhng im u, trang b ti im u ni.
4. Chn in p, tit din v chng loi ca ng dy
trn khng hoc ng cp v phng tin iu chnh
in p, nu nhng yu cu v tuyn ng dy. i vi
cng trnh ln cn phi nu thm phng n chn s
mch u.
6. Nu nhng yu cu ring i vi cc trm in v

thit b ca h tiu th in c u vo h thng nh:
cn c bo v t ng cc u vo, cho php cc
ng dy lm vic song song, cn c cc ngn in d
phng v.v.
7. Xc nh dng in ngn mch tnh ton.
8. Nu nhng yu cu v bo v rle, t ng, cch
in, bo v chng qu in p.
9. Nu cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut.
10. Nu cc yu cu v o m in nng.
11. Xc nh nhng iu kin u trang b in c l
in, thit b in cao tn v.v.
12. Nu nhng yu cu i vi cc cng trnh ph tr v
cc cng trnh khc (nh thng tin lin lc v.v.).
I.1.112. Cng trnh in v thit b in xy lp xong phi
c th nghim, nghim thu, bn giao v a vo khai
thc theo quy nh hin hnh.
5. Nu yu cu v s cn thit phi tng cng li in

hin c do u thm cng trnh mi (tng tit din dy
dn, thay th hoc tng cng sut my bin p).
Phn I: Quy nh chung
30
Phn I: Quy nh chung
31
Chng I.2: Li in v cung cp in
Chng I.2
LI IN V CUNG CP IN
I.2.1. Chng ny p dng cho li in ca h thng in,
ca x nghip cng nghip v thnh ph v.v.
Vic cung cp in cho cc cng trnh ngm, xe in
v.v. ngoi cc yu cu nu trong chng ny cn phi
tun theo cc quy phm chuyn ngnh.
I.2.2. H thng nng lng l tp hp cc nh my in, li
in v li nhit c ni vi nhau, c lin h mt
thit, lin tc trong qu trnh sn xut, bin i v phn
phi in v nhit.
I.2.3. H thng in l h thng nng lng khng c
li nhit.
I.2.4. Trm in l mt phn t ca h thng in, c th l
trm pht in, trm bin p, trm ct hoc trm b cng
sut phn khng v.v.
I.2.5. Trm bin p l trm c cc my bin p lc kt ni hai
hoc nhiu li in c in p khc nhau.
I.2.6. Trm ct l trm gm thit b ng ct, cc thanh ci,
khng c my bin p lc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
32
I.2.7. Trm b cng sut phn khng gm hai loi:

Trm b cng sut phn khng bng t in.
Trm b cng sut phn khng bng my b ng b.
I.2.8. Trm cch in kh (Gas insulated substation - GIS):
Trm thu gn t trong bung kim loi c ni t, cch
in cho cc thit b in chnh ca trm bng cht kh
nn (khng phi l khng kh).
I.2.9. Ngun cung cp in c lp cho mt ph ti l ngun
khng b mt in khi ngun khc mt in.
Cc trm phn phi nhn in t hai nh my in hoc
t hai ngun cp in hoc t hai phn on thanh ci
ca nh my in hoc trm in c gi l ngun
cung cp in c lp, nu tho mn c hai iu kin:
Mi phn on u c cp t ngun in c lp.
Cc phn on khng lin h vi nhau hoc c lin
h th t ng tch ra khi mt phn on b s c.
I.2.10. a in su l phng thc cung cp in cao p vo st
h tiu th vi t cp bin p nht.
I.2.11. iu chnh in p l hot ng lm thay i in p
thanh ci nh my in hoc trm bin p duy tr in
p mc cho php.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
33
Yu cu chung
I.2.12. Vic cp in cho cc h tiu th bao gm c vic chn
s lng v cch b tr trm in phi c gii quyt
mt cch tng hp tu theo tnh hnh nng lng trong
khu vc (ngun thu nng, nhin liu a phng, nhin
liu ph thi, nhu cu v nhit, kh nng cp in ca cc
nh my in ln cc vng ln cn v.v.) trn c s iu
tra ph ti in v d kin pht trin kinh t a phng
trong 10 nm sau, ng thi phi xt n iu kin d
phng. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh n cc kh nng v bin
php gim dng in ngn mch v gim tn tht
in nng.
I.2.13. Vic chn phng n cp in phi da trn c s sau khi
m bo cc ch tiu k thut, so snh vn u t, chi
ph khai thc hng nm cho cng trnh vi thi gian hon
vn t 5 n 8 nm, so snh tnh u vit ca mi
phng n.
I.2.14. Vic thit k, xy dng mi v ci to li in phi p
ng yu cu pht trin chung v in trong tng giai
on v kh nng m rng trong tung lai t nht l 10
nm sau.
I.2.15. Kh nng ti in ca ng dy v my bin p ni nh
my in chuyn dng ca x nghip cng nghip vi h
thng in phi bo m:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
34
a cng sut d ca nh my in chuyn dng vo h

thng in trong mi ch lm vic.
Nhn cng sut thiu khi my pht cng sut ln nht
ca nh my in chuyn dng ngng hot ng do s
c, sa cha theo k hoch v kim tra.
I.2.16. Mi nh my in khi a vo lm vic song song vi
li in Quc gia, ch qun cc nh my phi tho
thun vi c quan qun l li in Quc gia.
I.2.17. Khi cng sut tiu th ca cc x nghip cng nghip nh
hn kh nng ti ca ng dy cp in chuyn dng
th c th kt hp cp in cho cc h tiu th in khc
theo tho thun.
Khi xy dng x nghip cng nghip mi m bn cnh
s hnh thnh thnh ph hoc khu dn c mi th s
cp in ca x nghip phi tnh n kh nng tch ring
ph ti sinh hot.
I.2.18. Li 500, 220, 110 kV l loi trung tnh ni t trc tip.
Li 6, 10, 35 kV l loi trung tnh cch ly c th ni t
qua cun dp h quang in, trong trng hp c bit
c th ni t trc tip. Li 15, 22 kV l loi trung tnh
ni trc tip, trong trng hp c bit c th trung tnh
cch ly hoc ni t qua in tr nh.
i vi li in 6 35 kV c im trung tnh ni t qua
Phn I: Quy nh chung
35
cun dp h quang th vic b dng in dung khi c

chm t c thc hin trong cc trng hp sau:
1. li in 35 kV: khi dng in chm t ln hn 10 A.
4. t hp khi my pht in - my bin p 6 22 kV:
khi dng in chm t ln hn 5A.
I.2.19. Thng thng trm in t 35 kV tr xung c thit k
theo ch khng c ngi trc m dng thit b t
ng, khi cn thit th dng cc thit b iu khin t xa
v h thng tn hiu bo s c. Bng iu khin ch
cn t trm nt cung cp in cho cc trm.
I.2.20. Mi thit b in u vo ng dy c cun khng in
phi chn theo dng in ngn mch sau cun khng
in (xem iu I.4.7).
I.2.21. Dao cch ly v dao cch ly t ng tiu chun c php
dng ct v ng:
1. My bin in p, dng in np ca cc thanh
ci v thit b in.
2. Dng in cn bng ca ng dy nu hiu in
p dao cch ly hoc dao cch ly t ng sau khi
ct 2% tr s danh nh.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
36
3. Dng in chm t 5 A, i vi ng dy 22 35 kV
v 3 A i vi ng dy 10 kV tr xung.
Cng cho php dng dao cch ly ct v ng:
im ni t trung tnh ca my bin p.
Cun dp h quang khi khng c chm t trong li in.
Mch vng (khi my ct u song song vi dao cch ly
ng).
Vic xc nh cng sut khng ti ca my bin p lc v
chiu di ng dy theo cp in p cho php dng dao
cch ly hoc dao cch ly t ng tiu chun ng ct,
vic chn bin php lp t cc loi dao trn v vic xc
nh khong cch gia cc cc ca dao u phi tun
theo ch dn ca nh ch to cng nh quy nh k thut
hin hnh.
I.2.22. Cho php dng in xoay chiu lm ngun thao tc ni
b n gin v h gi thnh.
I.2.23. nhng ni cha c quy hoch n nh nn dng ng
dy trn khng, cn vi nhng th v khu cng nghip
c quy hoch c duyt th dng cp ngm.
i vi ng dy h p c gng dng dy bc. Vi
ng dy 22 kV tr xung nhng ni c hnh lang
cht hp, nhiu cy ci nn dng dy bc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
37
Cho php b tr cc ng dy c in p v cng dng

khc nhau chung ct vi ng dy trn khng nhng
phi tun theo cc quy nh nu trong Phn II ca quy
phm ny.
Loi II l nhng h tiu th in m khi cung cp in

b gin on s gy tn tht ln v kinh t, ri lon cc
qu trnh cng ngh phc tp, ri lon hot ng bnh
thng ca thnh ph.
I.2.24. Tit din dy dn, thanh dn v cp phi c chn theo:

1. Mt dng in kinh t nu trong Chng I.3.
Loi III l nhng h tiu th in khng thuc hai

loi trn.
2. Kh nng ti in theo pht nng ca dy dn trong ch

bnh thng v ch s c nu trong Chng I.3.
I.2.26. H tiu th in loi I phi c cung cp in bng t

nht hai ngun cung cp in c lp v mt ngun d
phng ti ch. Ch c php ngng cung cp in trong
thi gian t ng ng ngun d phng.
3. Tn tht in p trong cc iu kin theo iu I.2.39.

4. n nh, pht nng v lc in ng trong cc
ch ngn mch nu trong Chng I.4.
5. S liu tnh ton c - l ng dy.
6. Vng quang in (iu I.3.31).
Loi h tiu th in, tin cy cung cp in
I.2.25. Tu theo tin cy cung cp in, cc h tiu th c
chia thnh 3 loi sau y:
Loi I l nhng h tiu th in m khi cung cp in b
gin on s nh hng n an ninh Quc gia, nh hng
n cc c quan trng yu ca Nh nc, gy nguy him
cht ngi, tn tht nghim trng v kinh t hoc theo
nhu cu cp in c bit ca khch hng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
38
Ngun in d phng ti ch c th l trm c nh hoc

lu ng c my pht in hoc b lu in (UPS) v.v.
I.2.27. i vi h tiu th in loi II phi c cung cp in
bng t nht mt ngun cung cp in chnh v mt
ngun d phng, c php ngng cung cp in trong
thi gian cn thit ng ngun d phng.
I.2.28. i vi h tiu th in loi III, c php ngng cung
cp in trong thi gian sa cha hoc x l s c.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
39
S cung cp in
I.2.29. Khi xy dng mi hoc ci to li in, nn dng s
cung cp in n gin, tin cy v c in p cao. Phi
a ngun cung cp in vo gn trung tm ph ti ca
cc x nghip cng nghip v thnh ph bng cch a
in su in p 110 220 kV, xy dng trm in gn
trung tm ph ti hoc ngay trong x nghip, chia nh
cc trm in.
cp in cho trm ring l, nn dng rng ri hnh
thc r nhnh trc tip t mt hoc hai ng dy song
song, ti ch r nhnh nn t cu dao ph ti.
m bo cp in cho li in thnh ph nn dng
s mch vng cp in cho cc trm.
C gng dng rng ri s trm n gin khng c
my ct in u vo v khng c thanh ci pha cao
p hoc ch c h thng thanh ci n. H thng thanh
ci kp ch c dng khi c lun c xc ng.
I.2.30. Phi t my ct u vo trong cc trng hp sau:
1. Ti cc u vo ca trm 110 kV tr ln .
2. u vo cc trm cc trm bin p n 35 kV c cng
sut ln hn 1600 kVA.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
40
I.2.31. Nn dng cu chy t ri hoc cu chy cao p phi hp

vi cu dao ph ti v/hoc dao cch ly bo v ngn
mch cho my bin p 35 kV tr xung (xem iu
I.2.21) v cho cc b t in.
I.2.32. Khi thit k trm cp in phi c bin php hn ch cng
sut ngn mch trong li nhn in ti tr s cng sut ct
ln nht cho php ca cc my ct t trong li ny.
Khi hn ch cng sut ngn mch bng khng in trn
cc ng dy ra, cho php dng mt khng in chung
cho nhiu ng dy nhng mi ng dy phi u qua
dao cch ly ring. Trong trng hp ny nn dng khng
in phn chia.
I.2.33. Li in phi tnh vi ph ti ca mi h tiu th trong
ch s c. Trong mt s trng hp khi thit k trm,
cho php tnh n vic t ng sa thi mt s ph ti t
quan trng khi s c.
I.2.34. Khi gii quyt vn d phng phi tnh n kh nng
qu ti ca thit b in (theo nh ch to) v ngun
d phng.
I.2.35. Khi tnh ch s c khng xt n tnh hung ng thi
ct s c v ct sa cha; ng thi ct s c hoc ng
thi ct sa cha nhiu on li hoc nhiu
ng dy.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
41
I.2.36. Mi ng dy ca h thng cp in phi mang ti theo

yu cu phn b dng in bo m tn tht in nng
nh nht, tr cc on ngn d phng.
I.2.40. ch lm vic bnh thng ca h thng in, my

bin p n 35 kV phi c iu chnh in p trong phm
vi 5% in p danh nh.
I.2.37. Khi thit k li in nn s dng cc thit b t ng

ng li, t ng ng ngun d phng v t ng sa thi
ph ti theo tn s.
I.2.41. ch lm vic bnh thng ca trm cp in, trong

thi gian tng ph ti gim n 30% so vi tr s ph ti
ln nht, in p ti thanh ci phi duy tr mc in p
danh nh ca li.
I.2.38. Kt cu s li in phn phi trong x nghip phi

bo m cp in cho cc dy chuyn cng ngh lm
vic song song v bo m d phng ln nhau cho cc t
my bng cch nhn in t cc trm hoc ng dy
khc nhau hoc t cc phn on thanh ci khc nhau
ca cng mt trm.
I.2.42. iu chnh in p, li in 110 kV tr ln nn

dng my bin p c b iu chnh in p di ti vi
di iu chnh (10% 15%).
Ngoi ra cn xt n vic dng thit b iu chnh in p
ti ch nh:
ng c ng b
Cht lng in p v iu chnh in p
My b ng b
I.2.39. Mc in p ti cc im trong li in phi xc nh

theo phng thc vn hnh v theo ch ph ti cc i
v cc tiu. Trong iu kin bnh thng, lch in p
c php dao ng trong khong 5% so vi vi in p
danh nh v c xc nh ti v tr t thit b o m
in hoc ti v tr khc do hai bn tho thun.
Trong trng hp li in cha n nh, in p c
dao ng t -10% n +5%.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
42
Cc b t in b
ng dy lin h in p n 1 kV gia cc trm
bin p c th ct mt s my bin p trong ch ph
ti cc tiu
I.2.43. Vic chn in p v h thng cp in cho cc li in
ng lc v chiu sng trong cc phn xng dng in
p 660 V tr xung phi c gii quyt mt cch
ton din.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
43
Nu dng my bin p cung cp in ng lc v

chiu sng cho h tiu th th s li phi cho php ct
bt my bin p trong nhng gi khng lm vic hoc
ngy ngh v chuyn vic cp in chiu sng thng
trc sang my bin p ring cng sut nh hoc qua
ng dy ni sang mt trong nhng my bin p cn
lm vic.
I.2.44. Trong iu kin bnh thng, tn s h thng in c
php dao ng trong phm vi 0,2 Hz so vi tn s danh
nh l 50 Hz. Trong trng hp h thng in cha n
nh, cho php lch tn s l 0,5 Hz.
Pha h tiu th in c cng sut s dng t 80 kW hoc
my bin p c dung lng t 100 kVA tr ln phi m bo
cosj > 0,85 ti im t cng t mua bn in. Trng hp
cosj < 0,85 th phi thc hin cc bin php sau:
Lp t thit b b cng sut phn khng nng cosj
t t 0,85 tr ln.
Mua thm cng sut phn khng trn h thng in ca
pha cung cp.
Trng hp pha h tiu th c kh nng pht cng sut
phn khng ln li, hai bn c th tho thun vic mua
bn trong hp ng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
44
Li in thnh ph in p n 35 kV
I.2.45. Theo tin cy cung cp in, cc h tiu th in trong
thnh ph c phn loi theo iu I.2.25.
I.2.46. Khi nghin cu m rng thnh ph phi lp s cp
in trong tng lai; phi xt n kh nng thc hin
tng phn ca s ph hp vi tng giai on pht trin
ca thnh ph.
i vi li in c khng p ng yu cu k thut khai
thc hoc c trn 50% b phn trong li ht thi gian
s dng th phi nghin cu ci to ton din.
I.2.47. Tit din ca cp in xy dng theo giai on u, phi
c chn ph hp vi s cp in chung theo
quy hoch.
I.2.48. Ph ti in tnh ton ca cc h tiu th u vo li
in n 380V phi c xc nh theo ph ti hin c
cng thm mc pht trin hng nm l 10 20%.
I.2.49. H s ng thi tnh ph ti cc i ca cc h tiu th
thun dng nh sau:
Ph ti chiu sng cng cng Kt = 1
Ph ti sinh hot Kt = 0,9
Ph ti thng mi dch v, vn phng Kt = 0,85
Ph ti tiu th cng nghip Kt = 0,4 0,5
Phn I: Quy nh chung
45
I.2.50. Khi cha c c s la chn h s ng thi chc chn do

ph ti hn hp, c th p dng cng thc gn ng sau:
I.2.52. Tu theo yu cu ca ph ti, li in trn1kV nn

xy dng theo s c thit b t ng ng ngun
d phng.
Pmax = Kt(Passh + Pcn,tcn + Pnn) = Kt SP
I.2.53. Trong li in c t ng ng ngun d phng cho h

tiu th, nn thc hin vic truyn tn hiu bo my ct
s c trm phn phi v trm iu .
Trong :
Passh : Tng nhu cu cng sut cho nh sng sinh hot
Pcn,tcn: Tng nhu cu cng sut cho cng nghip hoc tiu
th cng nghip
Pnn : Tng nhu cu cng sut cho nng nghip
Kt : H s ng thi cng sut ca cc ph ti khu vc
c th la chn nh sau:
Khi Passh = 0,5 SP ly Kt = 0,6
Khi Passh = 0,7 SP ly Kt = 0,7
I.2.54. cp in cho ph ti khu vc c quy hoch n nh,

li in mi cp in p nn dng ng cp chn
ngm; cn khu vc cha c quy hoch n nh, li
in nn dng ng dy trn khng. Trong thnh ph
phi dng cp vn xon v/hoc cp ngm.
I.2.55. Li in phn phi h p, khi xy mi hoc ci to phi l
li 3 pha 4 dy 380/220 V c trung tnh ni t trc tip.
Vi l cp in c t 6 n 10 trm bin p ly Kt = 0,8
I.2.56. Ch c u ph ti vo li phn phi hoc u vo

pha 380 V ca trm bin p nu dao ng in p khi
ng in khng vt qu 5% in p danh nh ca
li. Nu s ln ng ct in ph ti trn trong mt
ngy m khng qu 5 ln th khng quy nh mc dao
ng in p.
I.2.57. Li in i t trung tm cp in n h tiu th phi
Khi Passh = SP ly Kt = 0,9

Cc trng hp khc Kt c th ni suy.
I.2.51. H s ng thi tnh ph ti cho ng dy 6 - 35 kV:
c kim tra v lch in p cho php c xt n ch
Vi l cp in c trn 20 trm bin p ly Kt = 0,7
in p thanh ci ca trung tm cp in. Nu
Phn I: Quy nh chung
46
Phn I: Quy nh chung
47
Chng I.3: Chn tit din dy dn
lch in p vt qu gii hn cho php th phi c cc
Chng I.3
CHN TIT DIN DY DN
bin php iu chnh in p.

I.2.58. Khi xc nh lch in p cho li in trong nh,
mc st in p thit b tiu th in xa nht khng
qu 2,5%.
Phm vi p dng
I.3.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic chn tit din dy dn, gm
cc loi dy trn, dy bc, cp v thanh dn, theo mt
dng in kinh t, theo tn tht in p cho php, pht
nng cho php v iu kin vng quang. Nu tit din dy
dn chn theo cc iu kin trn nh hn tit din chn
theo cc iu kin khc nh bn c hc, bo v qu ti,
n nh ng in v n nh nhit th phi ly tit
din ln nht.
Chn dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t
I.3.2. Phi la chn tit din dy dn v cp trn 1kV theo mt
dng in kinh t bng cng thc:
Trong :
I l dng in tnh ton ln nht ca ng dy trong ch
lm vic bnh thng c tnh n tng trng ph ti
theo qui hoch, khng k n dng in tng do s c h
thng hoc phi ct in sa cha bt k phn t no
trn li.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
48
Phn I: Quy nh chung
49
jkt l mt dng in kinh t, tham kho trong bng I.3.1.

Sau tit din tnh ton c quy v tit din tiu
chun gn nht.
Bng I.3.1: Mt dng in kinh t
2
Mt dng in kinh t (A/mm )

Vt dn in
S gi s dng ph ti cc i trong nm (h)

Trn 1000
n 3000
Trn 3000
n 5000
Trn 5000
Thanh v dy trn:
+ ng
+ Nhm
2,5
1,3
2,1
1,1
1,8
1,0
Cp cch in giy,
dy bc cao su,
hoc PVC:
+ Rut ng
+ Rut nhm
3,0
1,6
2,5
1,4
2,0
1,2
Cp cch in cao su
hoc nha tng hp:
+ Rut ng
+ Rut nhm
3,5
1,9
3,1
1,7
Khi tnh ton kinh t k thut, phi k n ton b vn u

t tng thm, gm c ng dy v cc thit b cc ngn
l hai u, ng thi cng phi xt c phng n nng cp
in p ng dy so snh la chn.
Nhng ch dn trn cng c p dng cho trng hp ci
to nng cp tit din ng dy do qu ti. Khi , chi
ph ci to phi k c gi thit b v vt t mi tr i gi tr
thu hi.
I.3.4. Khng la chn tit in dy dn theo mt dng in
kinh t trong cc trng hp sau:
1. Li in x nghip hoc cng trnh cng nghip n
1 kV c s gi ph ti cc i n 5000 h.
2,7
1,6
2. Li phn phi in p n 1 kV (xem iu I.3.6) v

li chiu sng chn theo tn tht in p cho php.
I.3.3. Vic tng s ng dy hoc s mch ng dy la

chn tit din theo mt dng in kinh t phi da trn
c s tnh ton kinh t k thut m bo tin cy cung
cp in.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Trong mt s trng hp, khi ci to nng cp,

trnh phi tng s ng dy hoc s mch cho php
tng mt dng in kinh t ti mc gp i tr s
cho trong bng I.3.1.
50
3. Thanh ci mi cp in p.
4. Dy dn n bin tr, in tr khi ng.
5. Li in tm thi v li in c thi gian s dng
di 5 nm.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
51
I.3.5. Khi dng bng I.3.1 cn phi theo cc ni dung sau:

1. Nu ph ti cc i xut hin vo ban m th jkt c
tng thm 40%.
5. ng trc cp ngm c nhiu ph ti phn b dc

ng ch nn chn mt loi tit din duy nht theo cch
mc 3.
2. Vi dy bc cch in c tit din n 16mm th jkt

c tng thm 40%.
3. i vi DK tit din ng nht c n ph ti r nhnh
dc theo chiu di th jkt on u ng dy c tng
K1 ln. K1 xc nh theo cng thc:
6. Khi chn tit din dy dn cho nhiu h tiu th cng

loi d phng ln nhau (v d bm nc, chnh lu v.v.)
gm n thit b, trong m thit b lm vic ng thi, s
thit b cn li l d phng, th jkt c tng K2 ln:
Chn dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php

I.3.6. Trong li in phn phi n 1 kV, tit din dy dn c
la chn theo tn tht in p cho php v kim tra li
theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php:
Trong :
I1, I2, ... In l cc dng in ca tng on ng dy.
l1, l2, ... ln l chiu di tng on ng dy.
L l chiu di ton b ng dy.
4. Nu DK di c nhiu ph ti phn b dc ng dy
th nn chia ng dy thnh 2 on la chn 2 loi tit
din khc nhau theo cch mc 3. Khng nn chn ti 3
loi tit din trn mt ng trc trn khng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
52
Trong li in trn 1 kV n 22 kV, vic chn tit din

dy dn cn thc hin theo so snh kinh t - k thut gia
iu I.3.2 v iu I.3.6.
I.3.7. Tn tht in p cho php c th tng trng hp ph
thuc vo yu cu ca loi hnh ph ti, k c khi khi
ng cc ng c in v c tnh n vic tng trng ph
ti trong tng lai, nht l vi ng cp ngm.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
53
I.3.8. i vi ph ti in c yu cu n nh in p mc
cao c bit, nu chn tit din dy dn theo tn tht in
p cho php b qu ln gy tn km, th phi so snh vi
phng n nng cp in p ng dy km theo bin p
h p cui ng dy hoc phng n m bo st p
mc bnh thng.
Chn dy dn theo pht nng cho php
I.3.9. Cc trng hp ghi trong iu I.3.4 l trng hp dy
dn c la chn theo nhit pht nng cho php, sau
kim tra thm cc tiu ch khc, nh st p cho
php, n nh in ng, gii hn tit din v tn tht
vng quang; cn cc trng hp khc th pht nng
cho php ch dng kim tra li dy dn sau khi c
la chn theo mt dng in kinh t hoc tn tht in
p cho php.
I.3.10.Cc loi dy dn u phi tho mn pht nng cho
php, khng ch trong ch lm vic bnh thng m c
trong ch s c h thng, tc l ch c mt s
phn t khc b tch khi h thng lm tng dng in
phn t ang xt.
Ph ti ln nht c xt l ph ti cc i trung bnh
trong na gi, xt tng lai pht trin trong 10 nm ti
Phn I: Quy nh chung
54
vi ng dy trn khng v sau 20 nm i vi ng

cp ngm.
I.3.11. i vi ch lm vic ngn hn v ngn hn lp li ca
ph ti (tng thi gian mt chu k n 10 pht v thi
gian lm vic trong chu k khng qu 4 pht), kim
tra tit din dy dn theo pht nng cho php, ph ti
tnh ton c quy v ch lm vic lin tc, khi :
1. i vi dy ng tit din n 6 mm2 v dy nhm n
10 mm2, ph ti tnh ton c ly l ph ti ngn hn
c coi l ph ti lin tc.
2
2. i vi dy ng trn 6 mm v dy nhm trn 10 mm ,

ph ti tnh ton l ph ti ngn hn nhn thm vi h s:
Trong : tlv l t s gia thi gian lm vic trong chu k

vi thi gian ton b chu k lin tc.
I.3.12. i vi ch lm vic ngn hn c thi gian ng in
khng qu 4 pht v thi gian ngh gia 2 ln ng in
lm ngui dy n nhit mi trng, ph ti ln
nht cho php c xc nh theo iu I.3.9.
Khi thi gian ng in trn 4 pht v thi gian ngh gia
2 ln ng in khng lm ngui dy, th ph ti ln
nht coi nh ph ti lm vic lin tc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
55
I.3.13. i vi 2 ng cp tr ln thng xuyn lm vic song

song, khi xt pht nng cho php ca mt ng
ch s c, tc l ch c mt trong nhng ng cp
trn khng vn hnh tm thi, cho php tnh ton
ng cp cn li vn hnh qu ti theo ti liu ca nh
ch to.
I.3.14. Dy trung tnh trong li 3 pha 4 dy phi c dn in
khng nh hn 50% dn din ca dy pha.
I.3.15. Khi xc nh dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn
trn v bc cch in, cp ngm, thanh dn khi nhit
mi trng khc vi nhit ni iu I.3.16, 18 v 25
th dng h s hiu chnh nu trong bng I.3.30.
I.3.16. Dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn c bc cch
in cao su hoc PVC, cp cch in cao su hoc nha
tng hp c v ch, PVC hoc cao su do nh ch to quy
nh; nu khng c quy nh th tham kho trong bng
I.3.3 I.3.9, c tnh vi nhit pht nng ca rut l
o
o
+65 C khi nhit khng kh xung quanh l +25 C hoc
o
khi nhit trong t l +15 C. Khi xc nh s lng
dy dn t trong cng mt ng (hoc rut ca dy nhiu
si) khng tnh n dy trung tnh ca h thng 3 pha 4
dy (hoc rut ni t).
Phn I: Quy nh chung
56
Bng I.3.2: H s hiu chnh
Nhit tr sut,
cm.oK/W
H s
hiu chnh
80
1,05
t v ct c m 7- 9%,
t st pha ct
m 12-14%
120
1,00
Ct c m trn 4%
v nh hn 7%, t st
pha ct c m 8-12%
200
0,87
Ct c m ti 4%,
t
300
0,75
c im ca t
Ct c m trn 9%,
t st pha ct c
m trn 1%
Phn I: Quy nh chung
57
Bng I.3.3: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn h p rut

ng bc cao su hoc PVC
Tit
din
rut,
2
mm
Bng I.3.4: Dng in cho php lu di ca dy dn h p rut ng

cch in cao su v bo v bng kim loi, v cp rut ng cch in
cao su trong v ch, PVC hoc cao su c hoc khng c ai thp
Dng in cho php (A)

Dy
t h
Dng in (*) cho php (A)
Dy t chung trong ng
2 dy
3 dy
4 dy
1 dy
mt rut mt rut mt rut hai rut
1 dy
ba rut
0,5
11
0,75
15
1,0
17
16
15
14
15
14
1,5
23
19
17
16
18
15
2,5
30
27
25
25
25
21
41
38
35
30
32
50
46
42
40
10
80
70
60
16
100
85
25
140
35
Tit
din
rut,
mm2
Dy v cp
Mt rut
Hai rut
Ba rut
Khi t trong:
Khng kh
Khng kh
Khng kh
1,5
23
19
33
19
27
2,5
30
27
44
25
38
27
41
38
55
35
49
40
34
50
50
70
42
60
50
55
50
10
80
70
105
55
90
80
75
80
70
16
100
90
135
75
115
115
100
90
100
85
170
135
125
115
125
100
25
140
115
175
95
150
50
215
185
170
150
160
135
35
170
140
210
120
180
70
270
225
210
185
195
175
50
215
175
265
145
225
95
330
275
255
225
245
215
70
270
215
320
180
275
120
385
315
290
260
295
250
95
325
260
485
220
330
150
440
360
330
120
385
300
445
260
385
185
510
240
605
150
440
350
505
305
435
300
695
185
510
405
570
350
500
400
830
240
605
Ghi ch: (*) i vi dy hoc cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh
Phn I: Quy nh chung
58
Phn I: Quy nh chung
59
Bng I.3.5: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn h p

rut nhm cch in cao su hoc PVC
Tit
din
rut,
mm2
Bng I.3.6: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp h p rut nhm

cch in cao su hoc nha tng hp c v bo v bng kim loi,
PVC hoc cao su, c hoc khng c ai thp
Dng in cho php (A)

Dy
t h
Dy t chung trong mt ng
1 dy
2 dy
3 dy
4 dy
1 dy
mt rut mt rut mt rut hai rut ba rut
2,5
24
20
19
19
19
16
32
28
28
23
25
21
39
36
32
30
31
26
10
60
50
47
39
42
38
16
75
60
60
55
60
55
25
105
85
80
70
75
65
35
130
100
95
85
95
75
50
165
140
130
120
125
105
70
210
175
165
140
150
135
95
255
215
200
175
190
165
120
295
245
220
200
230
190
150
340
275
255
185
390
240
465
300
535
400
645
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Tit
din
rut,
mm2
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
Dy v cp
Mt rut
Hai rut
Khng kh Khng kh
23
31
38
60
75
105
130
165
210
250
295
340
390
465
21
29
38
55
70
90
105
135
165
200
230
270
310
-
34
42
55
80
105
135
160
205
245
295
340
390
440
-
Ba rut
Khng kh t
19
27
32
42
60
75
90
110
140
170
200
235
270
-
29
38
46
70
90
115
140
175
210
255
295
335
385
-
Ghi ch (*): i vi cp 4 rut cch in bng nha tng hp,

in p n 1 kV c th chn theo bng ny nh i vi cp 3 rut
nhng nhn vi h s 0,92.
60
Phn I: Quy nh chung
61
Bng I.3.7: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mm h p rut

ng cch in cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Bng I.3.9: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mm rut ng, cch

in cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Tit din rut

(mm2 )
Mt rut
Hai rut
Ba rut
0,5
0,75
1,0
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
40
50
65
90
120
160
190
235
290
12
16
18
23
33
43
55
75
95
125
150
185
235
14
16
20
28
36
45
60
80
105
130
160
200
Tit din rut

2
(mm )
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150

3 kV
6 kV
85
115
140
175
215
260
305
345
90
120
145
180
220
265
310
350
Ghi ch: (*) i vi cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh
Dng in lu di cho php ca cp lc

Bng I.3.8: Dng in cho php lu di ca cp mm rut ng
cch in cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Tit din rut

(mm2 )
0,5 kV
3 kV
6 kV
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
44
60
80
100
125
155
190
45
60
80
105
125
155
195
47
65
85
105
130
160
-
I.3.17. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp cch in giy tm

du n 35 kV v bc kim loi hoc PVC ly theo nhit
pht nng cho php ca rut cp: c in p danh nh n
o
o
o
6 kV l +65 C; n 10 kV l +60 C; 22 v 35 kV l +50 C;
hoc theo cc thng s k thut ca nh ch to.
i vi cp cch in cao su hoc nha tng hp v kim loi
hoc nha tng hp, dng in lu di cho php v nhit
pht nng cho php ly theo quy nh ca nh ch to.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
62
Phn I: Quy nh chung
63
I.3.18. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp t trong t do nh

ch to quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th tham kho
theo cc bng I.3.10, 13, 16 18, tnh vi trng hp t
cp trong ho su 0,71 m, nhit ca t l +15oC
v nhit tr sut ca t l 120 cm.oK/W.
Nu nhit tr sut ca t khc tr s trn, th dng in cho
php ca cp phi nhn thm h s cho trong bng I.3.2.
I.3.19. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp t trong nc do
nh ch to quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th tham
kho theo cc bng I.3.11, 14, 18, 19 c tnh vi nhit
o
ca nc l +15 C.
I.3.20. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp t trong khng
kh do nh ch to quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th
tham kho theo cc bng I.3.12, 15 21, c tnh vi
khong cch gia cc cp khi t trong nh, ngoi tri v
trong ho khng nh hn 35 mm, cn khi t trong
mng th khong cch khng nh hn 50 mm, vi s
lng cp bt k v nhit khng kh l +25oC.
in cho php c tnh cho on cp c iu kin xu

nht nu chiu di on ny ln hn 10 m. Khi nn
thay on cp ny bng cp c tit din ln hn.
I.3.23. Khi t mt s cp trong t hoc trong ng, dng in
lu di cho php phi gim i bng cch nhn vi h s
nu trong bng I.3.22 khng k cp d phng. Khi t
cp trong t, khong cch gia chng khng nn nh
hn 100 mm.
I.3.24. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp cha du p lc,
kh, cp XLPE v cp EPR, cp mt rut ai thp theo ti
liu ca nh ch to.
I.3.25. Cc bng dng in cho php ca cp nu trn, cho vi
iu kin nhit tnh ton ca khng kh l +25oC,
nhit tnh ton ca nc l +15oC.
I.3.26. Dng in lu di cho php khi t cp trong ng chn
trong t c thng gi nhn to th coi nh cp t trong
khng kh c nhit bng nhit ca t.
I.3.27. Khi cp t thnh khi, theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
I.3.21. Dng in lu di cho php khi t cp trong ng chn

trong t khng c thng gi nhn to phi ly nh khi
t cp trong khng kh.
I.3.22. Khi tuyn cp qua nhiu mi trng khc nhau, dng
Phn I: Quy nh chung
64
Phn I: Quy nh chung
65
Bng I.3.10: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng c

cch in giy tm du, nha khng chy v nha tng hp,
v kim loi t trong t
Tit din
Cp mt
rut
2
rut n
(mm )
1 kV
Bng I.3.11: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng c

cch in giy tm du nha thng, nha khng chy
v ch t trong nc
Dng in cho php (A)

Cp hai
rut n
1 kV
Cp bn
rut n
1 kV
Cp ba
rut n
6 kV
Cp ba
rut n
10 kV
Tit din
rut
(mm2)
Dng in cho php (A)

Cp ba rut
n 3 kV
6 kV
10 kV
Cp bn rut
n 1 kV
80
16
135
120
10
140
105
85
80
25
210
170
150
195
16
175
140
115
105
95
35
250
205
188
230
25
235
185
150
135
120
160
150
50
255
220
280
225
175
305
35
285
50
360
270
215
200
180
70
375
310
275
350
70
440
325
265
245
215
95
440
375
340
410
95
520
380
310
295
265
120
505
430
395
470
120
595
435
350
340
310
675
390
355
150
500
450
500
395
565
150
185
755
450
440
400
185
615
545
510
240
880
510
460
240
715
625
585
300
1000
400
1220
500
1400
625
1520
800
1700
Phn I: Quy nh chung
66
Phn I: Quy nh chung
67
Bng I.3.12: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng

cch in giy tm du nha thng, nha khng chy
v ch t trong khng kh
Tit din
rut,
Cp mt
(mm2) rut n
Bng I.3.13: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm

cch in giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy,
c v ch hoc nhm, t trong t
Dng in cho php (A)
Tit din
rut,
Cp mt
2
(mm ) rut n
1 kV
Cp ba rut
Cp bn
rut n
n 6 kV n 10 kV
1 kV
1 kV
Cp hai
rut n
1 kV
55
10
95
75
60
55
16
120
95
80
65
25
160
130
100
35
200
150
50
245
70
Dng in cho php (A)

Cp ba rut
Cp hai
rut n
1 kV
6 kV
10 kV
Cp bn
rut n
1 kV
60
10
110
80
60
65
60
16
135
110
80
75
90
90
85
25
180
140
105
90
115
120
110
105
35
220
175
125
115
135
185
145
145
135
50
275
210
155
140
165
305
225
185
175
165
70
340
250
190
165
200
95
360
275
215
215
200
95
400
290
225
205
240
120
415
320
260
250
240
120
460
335
260
240
270
150
470
375
300
290
270
150
520
385
300
275
305
185
525
346
325
305
185
580
340
310
345
240
610
375
350
240
675
390
355
300
720
300
770
400
808
400
940
500
1020
500
1080
625
1180
625
1170
800
1400
800
1310
Phn I: Quy nh chung
68
Phn I: Quy nh chung
69
Bng I.3.14: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm

cch in giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy,
v ch t trong nc
Dng in cho php (A)

Tit din rut
2
(mm )
Bng I.3.15: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm cch in

giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy,
v ch hoc nhm, t trong khng kh
Tit din
rut
(mm2 )
Dng in cho php (A)
6 kV
10 kV
Cp bn
rut n 1 kV
16
105
90
Cp mt
rut n
1 kV
-
25
130
115
150
10
75
55
42
45
35
160
140
175
16
90
75
50
46
60
50
195
170
220
25
125
100
70
65
75
35
155
115
85
80
95
50
190
140
110
105
110
70
235
175
135
130
140
Cp ba rut
Cp hai
rut n
1 kV
42
Cp bn
rut n
1 kV
-
Cp ba rut
6 kV 10 kV
70
240
210
270
95
290
260
315
120
330
305
360
150
385
345
185
420
390
95
275
210
165
155
165
240
480
450
120
320
245
190
185
200
150
360
290
225
210
230
185
405
250
235
260
240
470
290
270
300
555
400
675
500
785
625
910
800
1080
Phn I: Quy nh chung
70
Phn I: Quy nh chung
71
Bng I.3.16: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp ng ba rut 6 kV

v ch chung c cch in tm t du t trong t v trong khng kh
Bng I.3.18: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng ba rut

v ch ring bit c cch in bng giy tm du nha thng v
nha khng chy t trong t, trong nc v trong khng kh
Tit din Dng in cho php (A) Tit din

rut
rut
t
t trong
(mm2) trong t khng kh
(mm2)
Dng in cho php (A)
t
trong t
t trong
khng kh
16
90
65
70
220
170
25
120
90
95
265
210
35
145
110
120
310
245
50
180
140
150
355
290
Dng in cho php (A)

Tit din
rut,
2
(mm )
Bng I.3.17: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp nhm ba rut 6 kV

bc ch chung c cch in tm t du
t trong t v trong khng kh
Tit din
rut,
(mm2)
Dng in cho php (A)
Tit din
rut,
(mm2)
Dng in cho php (A)
Bng I.3.19: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm ba rut

v ch ring bit c cch in bng giy tm t du v nha
khng chy, t trong t, trong nc v trong khng kh
Dng in cho php (A)
Tit din
rut,
(mm2)
Phn I: Quy nh chung
72
Phn I: Quy nh chung
73
Bng I.3.20: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mt rut ng,

cch in giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch,
khng c ai thp, t trong khng kh
Bng I.3.21: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mt rut nhm

cch in giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch hoc
nhm, khng c ai thp, t trong khng kh
Dng in
Dng in
(*)
Tit din rut (mm )
cho php (A)
(*)
cho php (A)
Tit din rut (mm )
Ghi ch (*): T s dng cho cp t trn cng mt mt phng cch

nhau 35 -125 mm. Mu s dng cho cp t theo 3 nh tam gic u.
Ghi ch : (*) T s dng cho cp t trn c ng mt mt phng cch

nhau 35-125 mm. Mu s dng cho cp t trn nh tam gic u.
Bng I.3.22: H s hiu chnh khi nhiu cp lm vic t song song
trong t c hoc khng c ng
S lng cp
Khong trng
gia cc cp (mm)
Phn I: Quy nh chung
74
Phn I: Quy nh chung
75
Bng I.3.23: Dng in lu di cho php theo pht nng ca

dy trn bng ng, nhm hoc nhm rut thp ( pht nng cho
php l +70oC, khi nhit khng kh l 25oC)
Dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn

v thanh dn trn
I.3.28. Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn v dy dn trn
theo ti liu ca nh ch to, nu khng c ti liu ca nh
ch to th tham kho cc bng I.3.23 I.3.29 c tnh
vi nhit pht nng cho php +70oC khi nhit khng
kh +25oC. Khi la chn thanh dn v dy dn cn kim
tra dng in lu di cho php theo iu kin pht nng
ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca thanh dn v dy dn.
Vic tnh ton kim tra dng in lu di cho php thc
hin theo hng dn ti Ph lc I.3.1.
I.3.29. Khi b tr thanh dn theo hnh 1 (bng I.3.28) th dng
in nu trong bng I.3.28 phi gim i 5% i vi
thanh dn c chiu rng h n 60 mm v 8% i vi
thanh dn c chiu rng h ln hn 60 mm.
I.3.30. Khi chn thanh dn c tit din ln, phi chn theo mt
dng in kinh t v c kt cu thch hp gim ti
a cc tn tht ph do hiu ng b mt, hiu ng gn,
v phi m bo lm mt tt nht.
Tit din
nhm/thp
(mm2)
Dng in cho php (A) theo m hiu dy

AC, ACK, ACKC, ACK, ACSR
10/1,8 *
16/2,7*
25/4,2*
35/6,2
50/8
70/11
95/16
120/19
120/27
150/19
150/24
150/34
185/24
185/29
185/43
240/32
240/39
240/56
300/39
300/48
300/66
330/27
400/22
400/51
400/64
500/27
500/64
600/72
84
111
142
175
210
265
330
390
375
450
450
450
520
510
515
605
610
610
600
585
680
730
830
825
860
960
945
1050
53
79
109
135
165
210
260
313
365
365
700/86
1180
1040
430
425
505
505
713
705
713
705
830
815
920
A, AK
A, AK
95
133
183
223
275
337
422
105
136
170
215
265
320
60
102
137
173
219
268
341
75
106
130
165
210
255
485
375
395
300
570
440
465
355
650
500
540
410
760
590
685
490
1050
815
895
690
1050
815
895
690
980
820
1100
955
Ghi ch: (*) M dy ACSR khng ch to loi tit din ny.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
76
Phn I: Quy nh chung
77
Bng I.3.24: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn trn v

ng bng ng hoc nhm
Ghi ch: (*) T s l dng xoay chiu cho php, mu s l

dng mt chiu cho php.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
78
Bng I.3.25: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn

tit din ch nht bng ng
Ghi ch : (*) T s l dng xoay chiu cho php, mu s l dng mt

chiu cho php
Phn I: Quy nh chung
79
Bng I.3.26: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn tit din

ch nht bng nhm
Bng I.3.27: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn bng ng

thau hoc ng thau c rut thp
Bng I.3.28: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh ci b tr hnh vung

(hnh 1) bng ng hoc nhm
Ghi ch: (*) T s l dng cho php xoay chiu, mu s l dng

cho php mt chiu
Phn I: Quy nh chung
80
Phn I: Quy nh chung
81
h1
h
Bng I.3.30: H s hiu chnh dng in lu di cho php ca

dy dn trn v bc cch in, cp ngm, thanh ci theo
nhit ca t v khng kh
b
r
H
b
30
Bng I.3.29: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn hp

(hnh 2) bng ng hoc nhm
Phn I: Quy nh chung
82
Phn I: Quy nh chung
83
Chn dy dn theo iu kin vng quang

I.3.31. i vi cp in p 110 kV tr ln, dy dn phi c
kim tra theo iu kin vng quang, theo nhit trung
bnh v mt khng kh ph thuc cao so vi mt
bin. Cng in trng cc i (E) mt ngoi dy
dn khng c vt qu 0,9E0 (E0 l cng in
trng bt u pht sinh vng quang dy dn).
i vi cp in p 110 kV, tit din ti thiu hn

ch pht sinh vng quang l 70 mm2, in p 220 kV
l 240 mm2.
i vi cp in p 220 kV tr ln, dng bin php
phn pha thnh 2 n 4 dy nh hn ch vng
quang. Cng phi kim tra v mc nhiu thng tin
v tuyn ca vng quang.
Chn dy chng st
Trong :
U: in p danh nh, kV
n: S dy phn pha, nu khng phn pha th n =1
a: Khong cch gia cc dy phn pha, cm
I.3.32. Khi chn dy chng st, ngoi vic m bo cc iu

kin v tnh ton c l nu Phn II, cn
kim tra iu kin n nh nhit khi xy ra ngn
mch mt pha, thc hin theo hng dn ti Ph
lc I.3.2.
r: Bn knh ca mi dy, cm
Dtb: Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc gia cc pha
rtd: Bn knh tng ng, tnh theo cng thc:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
84
Phn I: Quy nh chung
85
Chng I.4: Chn thit b v dy dn theo iu kin ngn mch
Chng I.4
phi, ng dn in v t ng lc. Khng phi kim tra

ngn mch cho bin dng in.
CHN THIT B V DY DN THEO

IU KIN NGN MCH
3. Thit b in dng ct dng ngn mch, phi kim tra

c kh nng thao tc c khi ang ngn mch.
Phm vi p dng
Thit b in chu c dng ngn mch l thit b khi c

dng ngn mch tnh ton, khng b ph hu hay b bin
dng, vn tip tc vn hnh bnh thng.
I.4.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic chn thit b v dy dn theo

iu kin ngn mch dng in xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz.
I.4.3. thit b in trn 1 kV khng phi kim tra:

Yu cu chung
I.4.2. Phi kim tra theo ch ngn mch (tr cc trng hp
nu trong iu I.4.4):
1. i vi thit b in trn 1 kV:
a. Thit b in, cp, dy dn, kt cu v kt cu chu
lc ca chng.
b. ng dy trn khng c dng in ngn mch xung
kch t 50 kA tr ln trnh chp dy do lc in ng
khi ngn mch. Ngoi ra, i vi ng dy phn pha cn
phi kim tra khong cch gia cc khung nh v trong
tng pha.
i vi ng dy trn khng c thit b t ng li tc
ng nhanh, phi kim tra v n nh nhit.
1. n nh ng in ca thit b v dy dn c bo v
bng cu chy c dng in danh nh n 60 A.
2. n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn c bo v bng
mi loi cu chy.
Cu chy phi c kh nng nhy ct c dng ngn
mch nh nht.
I.4.4. Khng phi kim tra theo ch ngn mch:
1. Cc dy dn cp in cho cc h dng in l, k c cho
cc my bin p phn xng c tng cng sut n 1
MVA, in p s cp n 22 kV, nu ng thi tho mn
cc iu kin sau:
H tiu th c bin php d phng khng lm nh
hng ti qu trnh cng ngh khi mt in.
2. i vi thit b in n 1 kV, ch kim tra bng phn
Phn I: Quy nh chung
86
Phn I: Quy nh chung
87
Khi ngn mch, d dy dn c b hng cng khng

gy n.
C th thay dy dn d dng.
2. Dy dn cc ng dy trn khng, tr ch nu trong
mc b iu I.4.2.
3. Thanh dn v thit b ca mch bin in p t trong
ngn ring bit hoc t sau in tr ph.
I.4.5. Khi chn s tnh dng ngn mch, ch xt ch lm
vic lu di ca thit b in m khng xt ch lm vic
ngn hn tm thi.
Phi tnh dng ngn mch s pht trin ngun li t
nht l 10 nm sau khi a thit b vo lm vic (cho php
tnh gn ng).
I.4.6. Phi xt n cc dng ngn mch sau y:
1. Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh in ng ca
thit b, thanh dn, dy dn v kt cu km theo.
2. Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b,
thanh dn, dy dn. in p my pht, chn ngn mch 3
pha hoc 2 pha theo dng no gy pht nhit ln hn.
I.4.7. Cc thit b v dy dn ca mch in phi chn theo

dng in ngn mch ln nht chy qua.
3. Ngn mch 3 pha v mt pha chm t, ly tr s ln

hn chn hoc kim tra kh nng ng ct ngn mch
ca thit b. Nu my ct c hai tr s dng ct 3 pha v
mt pha th phi chn theo c hai dng ngn mch trn.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
88
Khng xt trng hp cc pha khc nhau ng thi chm

t 2 im khc nhau.
I.4.8. Trn mch c in khng trm trong nh m thit b v
dy dn t trc in khng c ngn cch vi thanh ci
cp in (trn on r nhnh t mch chnh) bng trn
nh, vch ngn v.v. th c chn theo dng ngn mch
sau in khng, nu in khng t trong cng mt nh
v c ni bng thanh dn.
Thanh dn r nhnh t thanh ci n vch ngn v s
xuyn phi c chn theo dng ngn mch trc
khng in.
I.4.9. Khi kim tra n nh nhit, thi gian tnh ton ly bng
thi gian gii tr ngn mch.
Xc nh dng in ngn mch chn

thit b v dy dn
I.4.10. Xc nh dng in ngn mch chn thit b, thanh
dn, dy dn, kim tra cc thit b chu lc, xut pht
t nhng yu cu sau:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
89
1. Mi ngun cp in cho im ngn mch u lm vic

ng thi vi ph ti danh nh.
I.4.13. i vi li in ti 1 kV nhn in t my bin p gim

p; khi tnh ngn mch, phi coi in p a vo my
bin p l khng i v bng in p danh nh ca li.
2. Mi my in ng b u c t ng iu chnh in
p v kch thch cng bc.
3. Ngn mch xy ra vo thi im kt cu h thng to
thnh dng ngn mch ln nht.
I.4.14. i vi cc phn t c bo v bng cu chy c tnh nng

hn ch dng in, phi kim tra n nh ng theo dng
in ngn mch tc thi ln nht i qua cu chy.
4. Sc in ng ca mi ngun in u trng pha.

5. in p tnh ton mi cp ly bng 105% in p
danh nh ca li.
Chn dy dn v cch in, kim tra kt cu chu lc theo

lc in ng ca dng in ngn mch
6. Phi xt n nh hng ca my b ng b, ng c
ng b v khng ng b. Khng xt nh hng ca
ng c khng ng b ti 100 kW ni qua my bin p
ti im ngn mch v ng c khng ng b ln hn
ni ti im ngn mch qua t 2 my bin p tr ln, qua
ng dy c tr khng ng k.
I.4.15. Lc in ng tc ng ln thanh dn cng, truyn n

cch in v kt cu cng phi c tnh theo dng
in ngn mch ba pha tc thi ln nht, c xt n s
lch pha gia cc dng in v b qua dao ng c hc
ca kt cu thanh dn.
I.4.11. i vi li trn 1 kV, ch tnh in khng ca thit b v

ng dy. Tnh tng tr i vi ng dy tit din nh,
ng cp di c tit din nh.
I.4.12. i vi li in ti 1 kV, phi tnh c in khng v in
tr ca tt c cc phn t, k c in tr tip xc ca cc
tip im. Cho php b qua in tr hoc in khng nu
tng tr sai lch khng qu 10%.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
90
Lc xung tc ng ln dy dn mm, cch in, u ra v

kt cu gi dy c tnh theo tr s trung bnh bnh
phng ca dng in ngn mch gia hai pha k nhau.
i vi dy phn pha v h dn in mm th lc tng
h ca dng in ngn mch trong dy dn cng mt pha
c xc nh theo tr s hiu dng ca dng in ngn
mch ba pha.
Phi kim tra h dn in mm khng chp nhau.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
91
I.4.16. Lc c hc do dng in ngn mch xc nh theo iu

I.4.15 truyn qua thanh dn cng n cch in v
cch in xuyn khng c vt qu 60% lc ph hu
nh nht ca cch in nu l cch in n, v khng
c qu 100% lc ph hu ca cch in nu l cch
in kp.
Nu dng thanh dn nh hnh gm nhiu thanh dt hoc
ch U th ng sut c hc bng tng ng sut sinh ra do
lc tc ng tng h gia cc pha v gia cc phn t
ca mi thanh.
ng sut c hc ln nht trong thanh dn cng khng
c vt qu 70% lc ph hu tc thi.
Chn dy dn theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch
I.4.17. Nhit pht nng ca dy dn khi ngn mch khng
c vt qu tr s cho php trong bng sau:
I.4.18. Vic kim tra cp theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch
nh nu trong iu I.4.2 c tin hnh i vi:
1. ng cp n c tit din ng nht khi ngn mch
u ng cp.
2. ng cp n gm nhiu on c tit din khc nhau
khi ngn mch u mi on cp.
3. ng cp gm hai hoc nhiu cp t song song, khi
ngn mch u c b cp.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
92
Phn I: Quy nh chung
93
I.4.19. Khi kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn ca

ng dy c thit b t ng li tc ng nhanh, phi
tnh n vic tng pht nng do tng tng thi gian
dng ngn mch. Khi kim tra pht nng theo iu kin
ngn mch, cc dy phn pha c coi nh mt dy c
tit din bng tng tit din cc dy phn pha.
I.4.21. Khi chn cu chy theo kh nng ct, phi ly tr s hiu

dng ca dng in ngn mch chu k u lm dng
in ct tnh ton (b qua tnh nng hn ch dng in
ca cu chy).
Chn thit b in theo kh nng ng ct

I.4.20. chn my ct in trn 1 kV cn thc hin:
1. Theo kh nng ct: phi xc nh dng in ct tnh
ton theo cc iu kin nu trong cc iu I.4.5 n
iu I.4.9.
Dng in ct tnh ton l dng in ngn mch hiu
dng ton phn (k c thnh phn khng chu k) c
xc nh vi thi gian nh tip im my ct, bng tng
thi gian ct ring ca my ct (t khi pht lnh ct n
khi nh tip im dp h quang) cng vi thi gian dp
tt h quang.
My ct ph ti v dao to ngn mch phi c chn

theo dng in ngn mch cho php khi ng.
I.4.22. Ngoi vic chn theo kh nng ct ngn mch, my ct
cn phi chn theo kh nng ct in p phc hi qu
(Transient recovery voltage - TRV). Kh nng ct TRV
ca my ct phi ln hn tr s TRV tnh ton c th cho
tng v tr my ct trong h thng.
Yu cu chn theo TRV ch p dng i vi my ct 500 kV
v my ct 220 kV u ng dy di, my ct u cc
my pht in v my ct t cnh cun khng.
2. Theo kh nng ng: khi my ct ca my pht

in t pha in p my pht ch cn kim tra khi
ng khng ng b trong tnh trng i pha.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
94
Phn I: Quy nh chung
95
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
ranh gii th phi t hai cng t c hng hoc mt cng

t m c c hai hng.
Chng I.5
M IN NNG
I.5.4. Cng t kim tra l cng t dng theo di kim tra.

Khng dng cc s liu ca cng t kim tra
thanh ton.

I.5.1. Chng ny p dng cho m in nng ti cc cng trnh
in, h tiu th in v.v.
Dng c m in nng c gi l cng t in.
H thng gm c cc cng t in, bin dng in, bin
in p v dy u cc thit b trn vi nhau gi l h thng
m in nng.
I.5.2. Cng t thanh ton l cng t m in nng thanh ton
tin in gia hai bn mua v bn in, bao gm in nng
sn xut ra, in nng tiu th ca cc h tiu th in
hoc in nng mua bn ranh gii. Vic la chn t
cng t in hay in t v vic yu cu truyn s liu ca
cng t i xa thc hin theo cc quy nh hin hnh.
I.5.3. Cng t phi c lp t trong khu vc qun l ca bn
mua in, tr trng hp cc bn c tho thun khc. V tr
lp t v vic lp t cng t phi m bo an ton, m
quan, thun li cho bn mua in kim tra ch s cng t
v bn bn in ghi ch s cng t.
Trng hp in nng c th trao i theo c hai hng
Phn I: Quy nh chung
96
Yu cu chung
I.5.5. Vic m in nng tc dng phi bo m xc nh c
lng in nng tc dng:
1. Do tng t my pht in pht ra.
2. T dng trong nh my in, trong cc trm in k c
trm b v trm izen.
3. Do nh my in cp vo li truyn ti, li phn phi.
4. Cp hoc nhn ca h thng in khc.
5. Cp cho cc h tiu th in.
Ngoi vic m in nng thanh ton tin in, m
in nng cn phi bo m kh nng kim tra vic s
dng in ca cc h tiu th, kim tra in nng trao i
ranh gii, cn i in nng, xy dng cc ch tiu kinh
t k thut v d bo ph ti.
I.5.6. Vic m in nng phn khng phi m bo xc nh
c lng in nng phn khng:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
97
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
1. Do tng my pht in pht ra.
4. Tng my bin p t dng. Cng t t pha cao p

ca my bin p t dng. Nu t pha cao p b kh khn
th cho php t pha h p.
2. Do nh my in a vo li truyn ti, li phn phi.

3. Do cc my b quay hoc trm b tnh pht ra.
4. Nhn hoc cp cho h thng in khc.
5. Ca cc h dng in sn xut kinh doanh, dch v theo
quy nh hin hnh.
Ngoi vic m in nng phn khng thanh ton, cng
phi bo m chc nng kim tra ging nh cng t tc
dng ni iu I.5.5.
I.5.8. Trong li in, cng t tc dng phi c t :

1. C hai u ng dy lin lc h thng, mi u t hai
cng t c hng hoc mt cng t m c c
hai hng.
2. Pha h p ca my bin p hai cun dy.
V tr t cng t
3. Pha h p v trung p ca my bin p ba cun dy, tr

cun cn bng khng c khai thc.
I.5.7. Trong nh my in, cng t tc dng phi c t :

1. Tng my pht in.
2. Tng MBA tng p, t pha th cp, tr cun cn
bng khng khai thc. Khi pha th cp khng c my
bin dng ring m in nng th t cng t pha s
cp u vi in p my pht.
Pha no ca MBA c trao i cng sut th phi t hai
cng t c hng hoc cng t m c c hai hng.
3. Tng ng dy in p my pht. ng dy no c
trao i cng sut th phi t hai cng t c hng hoc
cng t m c c hai hng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
5. Tng my pht in t dng. Nu my pht in t

dng cng c in t dng ring th phn t dng ny
cng phi c cng t.
98
4. Mi u ng dy t trm, tr ng dy h p cp
in sinh hot v ng dy chuyn dng c cng t
t cui ng dy.
5. Mi my bin p t dng.
I.5.9. Cng t thanh ton in nng tc dng cho cc h tiu th
phi c t:
1. Theo iu I.5.3 hoc iu I.5.8 mc 3.
2. Ti u vo trm ca h tiu th nu khng c ng
dy ni vi trm khc hoc vi h tiu th khc in p
cp cho h trn.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
99
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
3. pha cao p ca my bin p trong h tiu th, nu

trm ny cn cp in hoc ni vi trm ca h tiu th
khc in p cung cp. Khi khng c my bin dng
vi cp chnh xc ng qui nh in p 35 kV tr ln,
cho php t cng t pha h p my bin p.
4. pha h p my bin p, nu pha cao p l cu dao
ph ti, dao cch ly t ng hoc cu dao cu chy.
yu cu phi thanh ton hoc theo di in nng

phn khng.
7. Ti cc h tiu th c pht in nng phn khng th
phi t hai cng t phn khng c hng.
8. Ti cc ranh gii c trao i cng sut, phi t hai
cng t phn khng c hng hoc mt cng t m
c c hai hng.
I.5.10. Cng t phn khng phi t :

1. My pht in c cng sut t 1.000 kW tr ln.
Yu cu i vi cng t
2. Cc cun dy trung p v h p my bin p v cc v

tr trong trm trung gian m c t cng t tc dng.
Nu khng c my bin dng vi cp chnh xc ng qui
nh, c php khng t cng t phn khng pha
trung p my bin p.
3. ng dy 35 kV, nu vic thanh ton tin in vi
cc h tiu th ch cn c vo cng t tc dng ca ng
dy .
4. u ra my b hoc l tng ca t in c dung
lng 1 MVAr tr ln.
5. Bn cnh cng t tc dng thanh ton ca cc h
ng lc ln.
I.5.11. Np cng t, np kp u dy cng t, np t hoc hp

cng t u phi c nim phong ca c quan kim nh
nh nc theo chc nng hoc c quan cung ng in
c u quyn.
I.5.12. Phi m in nng tc dng v in nng phn khng
trong mch 3 pha bng cng t 3 pha.
I.5.13. Cng t v cc thit b o m lin quan nh bin dng,
bin in p phi c kim nh theo qui nh
hin hnh.
Sai s ca cng t tc dng ca my pht in phi ph
hp vi bng I.5.1.
6. cc phn t ca h thng in, cc ranh gii c
Phn I: Quy nh chung
100
Phn I: Quy nh chung
101
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
Bng I.5.1: Sai s cho php ca cng t my pht in
dng c cp chnh xc 1,0 hoc u vo bin dng t

sn bn trong my c cp chnh xc thp hn 1,0, nu
t cp chnh xc 1,0 th phi c bin dng ph.
Khi dng cng t o m k thut, cho php dng bin
in p cp chnh xc 1,0 v bin in p cp chnh xc
thp hn 1,0.
Cc sai s ny c xc nh ti mc pht in t 50%

ti 100% cng sut danh nh theo cosj =1 v 0,5 tn
s v in p danh nh.
I.5.14. Cng t thanh ton u qua bin dng v bin in p
phi ph hp vi tiu chun hin hnh v c cp chnh
xc 0,5; 1 hoc 2 i vi cng t tc dng v 2 hoc 2,5
i vi cng t phn khng.
Cc bin dng v bin in p cng phi c sai s ph hp.
m in nng qua my bin in o lng
I.5.15. Cc my bin dng in v my bin in p o lng
u ni vi cng t thanh ton in nng phi c cp
chnh xc khng ln hn 0,5. Cho php u my bin
in p c cp chnh xc khng ln hn 1,0 vo cng t
thanh ton in nng c cp chnh xc 2,0.
I.5.16. Nn ni cng t vo cun dy ring cho o lng th

cp bin dng, trng hp c bit c th kt hp s dng
cho m in, o in v cho rle cng mt cun th
cp bin dng khi cn bo m sai s v khng lm thay
i c tnh ca rle.
Khi cng t thanh ton u chung vi cc thit b khc
sau bin dng v bin in p th phi nim phong mch
m in.
I.5.17. Ph ti mch th cp bin in o lng k c cng t
khng c vt qu ph ti danh nh ghi nhn bin
in o lng.
I.5.18. Tit din v chiu di dy dn ni cng t vi bin dng
hoc bin in p phi bo m bin in o lng hot
ng chnh xc v tn tht in p trong mch in p ti
cng t khng vt qu 0,5% in p danh nh.
i vi cng t o m k thut, cho php dng bin
Phn I: Quy nh chung
102
Phn I: Quy nh chung
103
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
I.5.19. Khng nn dng kp u dy hoc hng kp u dy

trong mch u cng t thanh ton t ti h tiu th.
Nu bt buc phi dng, th phi nim phong kp u
dy hoc hng kp u dy.
I.5.20. m in nng ca my pht in, nn dng bin
dng cp chnh xc 0,5 v sai s ng vi 50% n 100%
dng in danh nh ca my pht in, khng vt qu
tr s nu trong bng I.5.2.
Bng I.5.2: Sai s dng in cho php khi dng t 50% ti 100%
tr s danh nh ca my pht in.
chng u tam gic th ni t mt im chung ca cc

cun dy th cp.
Khng c ni t cun th cp bin dng dng thanh
ci in p n 1 kV khng c cch in cun s cp
(thanh ci v li thp c mang in). Trng hp ny
phi ni t cc mch u bn ngoi cun th cp.
Ngoi cng t, nu mch thao tc hoc mch ho ng
b cng u vo nh th ca bin in p th cho php
thay ni t trc tip cun th cp bng ni t qua cu
chy nh thng.
I.5.23. Bin in p n 35 kV nn c cu chy bo v pha s cp.
Trc cng t thanh ton nn c hp kp u dy chuyn
dng c th ni ngn mch cun th cp bin dng
trc khi tho mch dng khi cng t.
trn
I.5.21. cp in p cho cng t, c th dng mi kiu bin

in p c in p danh nh th cp v sai s ph hp
vi yu cu ca cng t.
I.5.22. Cun dy th cp ca bin dng trong mch 500V tr
ln phi c ni t mt cc hng kp u dy.
Ti bin in p, im trung tnh pha nh th phi c
ni t v ch ni t mt im, cn khi cun dy ca
Phn I: Quy nh chung
104
I.5.24. Khi trm c nhiu h thanh ci v mi h u c bin

in p, mi mch u phi c kho chuyn mch
chuyn mch p cng t khi cn.
I.5.25. Mch cng t nh my in v cc trm trung gian phi
c hng kp u dy ring hoc mt on ring hng
kp u dy chung.
I.5.26.Ngn l bin in p cp in cho cng t nu c
cu chy th phi c li thp hoc ca c ch
nim phong.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
105
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
Tay truyn ng dao cch ly pha s cp cng phi c

ch nim phong.
t v u dy vo cng t
I.5.27. Cng t phi t thng ng ni kh ro, nhit xung
o
quanh thng xuyn khng qu 45 C, thun tin cho
vic c ch s, kim tra v treo tho.
o lng cp in cho cng t phi l cun ring bit.

Cp ni t thit b o lng n cng t phi l cp ring
v c bc kim v phi c nim phong, cp ch ti cc v tr
u ni.
I.5.28. Phi t cng t bng in, t in hoc trong hp vng
chc. Cho php t cng t trn bng kim loi, bng
hoc bng nha. Khng t cng t trn bng g.
Hp u dy cng t t cch mt sn t 1,4 n 1,7 m.
Khi t ngoi tri, cng t phi t trong t hoc hp

bng st hoc composit. Nu bng st, th phi tip a
v t hoc hp, tr trng hp mch in trong t hoc
hp c cch in kp. Hp cng t phi c cp bo
v IP43.
I.5.29. Nhng ni d b va chm, bi bn, nhiu ngi qua li

hoc d b tc ng t bn ngoi, cng t phi c t
trong t hoc hp c kho, c nim phong, c ca s knh
nhn r mt s cng t.
Cng t thanh ton nu t a phn ca ngi dng

in, th d t trong nh cng phi trong hp bo v.
C th t chung nhiu cng t vo mt t hoc hp,

hoc t chung vi bin dng h p.
Cho php t cng t hnh lang gian phn phi ca

nh my in v trm in.
I.5.30. Vic u dy vo cng t phi theo cc yu cu nu trong

Chng II.1 - Phn II v Chng IV.4 - Phn IV.
i vi cng t thanh ton in sinh hot, c th treo

trn ct, ngoi nh hoc trong nh, nhng phi trong
hp c nim phong v bo m tnh khch quan cho c
bn mua v bn bn.
I.5.31. Dy u mch cng t c ni k c ni hn.
Cng t ti h mua bn in ln phi t trong hp hoc

t ring c kho, nim phong, cp ch. Cc cun th cp
Phn I: Quy nh chung
106
I.5.32. on dy u st cng t phi d ra t nht 120 mm.

V dy trung tnh trc cng t phi c mu d phn bit
trn mt on 100 mm.
I.5.33. Khong cch gia phn dn in trn bng in c t
cng t v bin dng phi theo cc yu cu nu trong
iu III.1.14 - Phn III.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
107
Chng I.5: m in nng
Chng I.5: m in nng
I.5.34. Trong li h p, khi t cng t v bin dng gian

nguy him hoc rt nguy him, phi ni v cng t v v
bin dng vi dy ni t (dy trung tnh) bng dy dn
ng ring bit.
I.5.35. Khi c 2 cng t tr ln t gn nhau, phi c nhn ghi
a ch tng cng t.
Trong nh my in hoc trm in c 2 cng t tr ln,
phi c nhn ghi a ch tng cng t.
Khi cng t thanh ton t ti u ng dy ca trm

hoc nh my in cp cho x nghip th cho php t
cng t kim tra ti u vo x nghip.
I.5.40. Cng t kim tra, bin dng, bin in p kim tra trong
h tiu th l ti sn ca bn mua in v do bn mua
in qun l. Cng t kim tra phi tho mn cc yu
cu ca iu I.5.13 v I.5.16.
Cng t kim tra (k thut)

I.5.36. Trong x nghip cng nghip, c quan, nh my in v
trm in nn thc hin vic m in nng kim tra.
Khi t cng t kim tra khng cn tho thun vi c
quan cung ng in.
I.5.37. Trong nh my in, nn t cng t kim tra cho tng
mch pht in v tng mch t dng.
I.5.38. Trong trm in, nn t cng t kim tra cho mch tng
cc cp in p, ti cc mch khng c cng t thanh
ton m cn phi kim tra.
I.5.39. Trong x nghip, nn t cng t kim tra tng phn
xng, tng dy chuyn sn xut hch ton ni b v
xc nh nh mc in nng cho n v sn phm.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
108
Phn I: Quy nh chung
109
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6
O IN
Bng I.6.1: Cp chnh xc ca sun, in tr ph v

bin in o lng
Phm vi p dng
Cp chnh xc Cp chnh xc ca sun Cp chnh xc ca

ca dng c o
v in tr ph
bin in o lng
I.6.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic o in bng dng c o c

nh, khng p dng cho vic o in trong phng th
nghim, o in bng dng c xch tay v dng c o ch
s c.
I.6.2. Cc dng c o in, ngoi vic tho mn cc qui nh
trong chng ny cn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca nh
ch to.
Yu cu chung
I.6.3. Dng c o in phi bo m cc yu cu c bn sau y:
1. Dng c ch th hoc t ghi phi c cp chnh xc 1,0 - 2,5.
Ampemt khng c s khng (0) thang o, lp trm
phn phi h p v ng c in, cho php c cp chnh xc 4.
2. Cp chnh xc ca sun, in tr ph v bin in o
lng khng c nh hn tr s ghi bng I.6.1.
3. Gii hn ca vch o trn thang o hoc gii hn cc s
hin th phi tho mn o c ton b cc tr s ca i
lng cn o.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
110
1
1,5
2,5
4
0,5
0,5
0,5
-
0,5
0,5
1
3
I.6.4. Vic u cun dng in ca dng c o v thit b bo v

vi cun th cp ca bin dng cp in cho cng t thanh
ton phi theo qui nh iu I.5.17.
I.6.5. Ti trm phn phi h p khng c ngi trc, cho php
khng t dng c o in ch th nhng phi c ch
u dng c kim tra hoc kp c Ampe km.
I.6.6. Dng c o in loi kim ch th phi c vch ch tr s
vn hnh nh mc trn thang o.
I.6.7. Dng c o in c vch khng gia thang o th phi
c ghi r hng hai pha vch khng.
I.6.8.Dng c o in phi c nhn xc nh im o, tr
trng hp cnh im o trn s ni.
I.6.9. Ngoi vic hin th i lng o trn mt ng h ti ch,
trong trng hp ring, i lng cn c t ghi hoc
Phn I: Quy nh chung
111
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6: o in
a vo b nh hoc truyn ti v tr o xa, thc hin theo

yu cu ca quy trnh vn hnh.
2. ng dy ti in c iu khin tng pha.

3. ng dy c b dc.
4. ng dy c th vn hnh lu di ch khng
ton pha.
o dng in
5. ng dy 500 kV.
I.6.10. Phi o dng in xoay chiu ti:

1. Cc mch cn kim tra qu trnh vn hnh mt cch
c h thng.
2. Cc my pht in, u ng dy hoc ph ti trung
cao p, u ng dy hoc ph ti h p quan trng.
6. ng dy cp cho l in h quang.
Cho php t mt Ampemt vi kho chuyn mch
o 3 pha vi my pht in c cng sut ti 200 kW.
3. Cc mch th cp hoc s cp ca my bin p c

dung lng t 1 MVA tr ln.
I.6.14. Khi chn Ampemt v bin dng, phi tnh n kh nng

qu ti tm thi ca mch ng c khi khi ng. Bin
dng khng c bo ho v Ampemt phi chu c
dng khi ng.
Trong mch ca cun dp h quang phi c ch u

Ampemt t ghi hoc xch tay.
I.6.15. Ampemt mt chiu phi c thang o hai pha hoc cng

tc o cc nu dng in o c th i chiu.
I.6.11. Phi t Ampemt t ghi nu qu trnh cng ngh

yu cu.
I.6.16. C th u Ampemt xoay chiu trc tip vo thanh ci

hoc dy dn, ch u Ampemt xoay chiu qua bin
dng nu khng u trc tip c.
I.6.12. Phi o dng in mt chiu ti:

1. Cc mch ca my pht in mt chiu v b chnh lu.
2. Mch cquy, pin mt tri.
3. Mch kch thch my pht, my b v ng c ng b.
I.6.13. Phi t 3 Ampemt cho:
1. My pht in xoay chiu 3 pha c cng sut danh
nh t 200 kW tr ln.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
112
I.6.17. Khi u trc tip Ampemt vo mch trn 1 kV xoay

chiu v trn 500 V mt chiu, phi bo m cc iu
kin sau:
1. An ton cho ngi qun l vn hnh, th nghim v sa
cha, thun tin cho vic c ch s, ng thi tun theo
ng qui nh v an ton in hin hnh.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
113
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6: o in
2. Cch ly phn mang in ca Ampemt vi t bng

cch in chu c in p tng ng, hoc t trc tip
vo on thanh dn gia hai s cch in k nhau v bo
m khong cch pha - pha v pha - t ca Ampemt.
I.6.20. Ti cc im nt kim tra ca h thng in, Vnmt

phi c cp chnh xc khng ln hn 1,0.
3. Ampemt phi sn mu v trn mt thang o

phi c k hiu mu ch in p cao.
I.6.21. Trong li in 3 pha, thng thng t dng c o mt

in p dy.
I.6.18. Ampemt t ti thit b in mt chiu c th u trc

tip hoc u qua sun.
Trong li in trn 1 kV c trung tnh ni t hiu qu

(xem iu I.7.16) c php o 3 in p dy bng mt
dng c o c kho chuyn mch.
o in p v kim tra cch in

I.6.19. Phi t dng c o in p :
1. Tng phn on thanh ci in p xoay chiu hoc
mt chiu khi phn on c th lm vic ring bit.
Cho php t mt Vnmt vi kho chuyn mch o
nhiu v tr pha.
Ti trm phn phi h p, c th ch o in p h p nu
khng c bin in p pha cao p.
2. Mch xoay chiu v mt chiu ca my pht in,
my b ng b.
3. Trong mch kch thch ca my in ng b cng
sut t 1 MW tr ln. Khng bt buc i vi my pht
thu in.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
114
4. T cquy, my np v ph np.
5. Trong mch ca cun dp h quang.
I.6.22. Phi t b kim tra cch in trong li in trn 1 kV

c dng in chm t nh, trong li in n 1 kV c
trung tnh cch ly v trong li in mt chiu c im
gia cch ly. B kim tra cch in c th l ng h ch
th, dng c hot ng theo nguyn l rle (h thng tn
hiu m thanh, nh sng) hoc phi hp c hai loi trn.
B kim tra cch in phi t cc yu cu sau:
Bo m pht hin chm t khi li vn hnh ring r
cng nh khi c lin h qua my bin p u sao - tam gic.
Bo m tm chm t d dng trong trng hp
trm c hoc khng c ngi trc.
Khi cn, phi c bo tn hiu m thanh, nh sng ti
ch hoc truyn v trung tm iu khin.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
115
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6: o in
I.6.23. B kim tra cch in trong li n 1 kV v trong li

in mt chiu phi xc nh c tr s in tr cch
in, khi cn c km bo tn hiu m thanh, nh sng khi
mc cch in gim thp di tr s t.
I.6.24. Khng cn t b kim tra cch in mch in mt
chiu n gin v khng quan trng, cc mch mt
chiu in p ti 48 V.
Phi nh k kim tra cch in cc mch ny bng
Vnmt.
I.6.25. Cho php dng Vnmt kim tra nh k cch in
mi cc vi t ca cc mch kch thch cc my
in quay.
C th dng mt Vnmt c kho chuyn mch kim
tra cch in mt s im trn mch kch thch.
I.6.26. Phi dng bin in p mt pha hoc ba pha nm tr
u Vnmt kim tra cch in. Cun cao p ca bin
in p phi u hnh sao c trung tnh ni t.
cp in cho c mch kim tra cch in v mch o
lng t mt bin in p th cn phi c hai cun th
cp, mt cun u hnh sao v mt cun u tam gic h.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
116
o cng sut
I.6.27. Phi o cng sut theo cc yu cu sau:
1. o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng cho
tng my pht in. i vi my pht in 100 MW tr
ln, phi dng ng h c cp chnh xc 1,0.
2. o cng sut tc dng i vi tng my bin p v
ng dy 6 kV tr ln cp in t dng cho nh
my in.
3. o cng sut phn khng ca my b ng b v t b
25 MVAr tr ln.
4. o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca
MBA tng p hai cun dy ca nh my in.
o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng pha h
p v trung p ca MBA tng p ba cun dy (k c my
bin p t ngu c s dng cun dy th ba) ca nh my
in. i vi MBA lm vic trong khi vi my pht
in, vic o cng sut pha h p thc hin mch my
pht in.
5. Ti cc trm bin p gim p, o cng sut tc dng v
cng sut phn khng cho tng my bin p 110 kV tr
ln, i vi cc my bin p khc ch cn o cng sut
tc dng.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
117
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.6: o in
i vi my bin p ba cun dy gim p - o pha trung

p v h p.
i vi my bin p hai cun dy gim p - o pha h p.
Khng cn o cng sut cc my bin p phn phi h p.
Ti nhng my bin p khng ch cng sut theo ma th
phi c ch u ng h di ng.
6. ng dy 110 kV tr ln c dng cng sut t hai
pha, k c my ct mch vng - o cng sut tc dng v
phn khng.
7. Phi d kin v tr u dng c di ng o cng sut ti
cc im cn kim tra nh k dng cng sut tc dng v
phn khng.
I.6.28. Phi dng dng c o c thang o hai pha i vi mch
c hng cng sut thay i.
o tn s
1. Nh my in c cng sut t 200 MW tr ln trong

h thng.
2. Nh my in c cng sut t 6 MW tr ln vn hnh
c lp.
I.6.31. Sai s tuyt i ca tn s k t ghi cc nh my in
tham gia iu tn khng c qu 0,1 Hz.
o lng khi ho ng b
I.6.32. ho ng b chnh xc, cn c nhng dng c sau y:
1. Hai Vnmt hoc mt Vnmt kp.
2. ng b k hoc Vnmt ch khng.
3. Hai tn s k hoc mt tn s k kp.
4. Rle chng ho sai (rle ho ng b).
t dng c o in
I.6.29. Phi o tn s :
1. Mi phn on ca thanh ci in p my pht in.
2. Ti u ra my pht in ca khi.
3. Mi h thng thanh ci in p cao ca nh my in.
4. Cc nt c kh nng phn chia h thng in ra cc
phn lm vic khng ng b.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
I.6.30. Phi t tn s k t ghi :
118
I.6.33. Phi t dng c o in trn bng kim loi hoc bng

cch in, tr bng g. Thng thng phi t dng c
o in trong nh, ch c t ngoi tri khi nh ch
to cho php.
Chiu cao lp t phi cch sn t 1,2 m n 2,0 m.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
119
Chng I.6: o in
Chng I.7: Ni t
i vi loi c chnh xc cao hoc thang o c bc

o nh th khng c t cao qu 1,7 m.
Dng c t ghi c t sao cho ng tim ngang ca
chng cch sn t 0,6 m n 2,0 m.
I.6.34. Khng phi ni t v dng c o in lp trn kt cu
kim loi c ni t.
I.6.35. Dng c o in phi t mi trng xung quanh ph
hp vi yu cu ca nh ch to hoc ch d c,
nh sng, mt knh khng b lo do phn chiu.
Chng I.7
NI T
I.7.1. Chng ny p dng cho thit k v lp t trang b ni
t ca cc thit b in lm vic vi in xoay chiu hoc
mt chiu mi cp in p.
I.7.2. Hin tng chm t l hin tng tip xc gia b phn
mang in ca thit b in vi kt cu khng cch in
vi t, hoc trc tip vi t.
Hin tng chm v l hin tng chm in xy ra trong
cc my mc, thit b gia cc b phn mang in vi v
thit b c ni t.
I.7.3. Trang b ni t l tp hp nhng in cc ni t v dy
ni t.
I.7.4. in cc ni t l cc vt dn in hay nhm cc vt dn
in c lin kt vi nhau, chn di t v tip xc
trc tip vi t.
I.7.5. Dy ni t l dy hoc thanh dn bng kim loi ni cc
b phn cn ni t ca thit b in vi in cc ni t.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
120
Phn I: Quy nh chung
121
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
I.7.6. Ni t cho b phn no ca thit b in l ni b

phn vi trang b ni t.
trang b ni t hoc c ni vi t qua mt in tr

nh (th d nh my bin dng v.v.).
I.7.7. in p vi t khi chm v l in p gia v vi vng

t c in th bng khng.
I.7.15. Trung tnh cch ly l im trung tnh ca my bin p

hoc ca my pht in khng c ni vi trang b ni
t hoc c ni vi trang b ni t qua cc thit b tn
hiu, o lng, bo v, cun dp h quang c ni
t hoc thit b tng t khc c in tr ln.
I.7.8. in p trn trang b ni t l in p gia im dng

in i vo cc ni t v vng in th "khng" khi c
dng in t in cc ni t tn vo t.
I.7.9. Vng in th "khng" l vng t ngoi phm vi ca
vng tn ca dng in chm t.
I.7.10. in tr ca trang b ni t (in tr ni t) l tng in
tr ca cc in cc ni t, dy ni t v in tr tip
xc gia chng.
I.7.11. Dng in chm t l dng in truyn xung t qua
im chm t.
I.7.12. Thit b in c dng in chm t ln l thit b c in
p cao hn 1 kV v dng in chm t mt pha ln
hn 500 A.
I.7.13. Thit b in c dng in chm t nh l thit b c
in p cao hn 1 kV v dng in chm t mt pha nh
hn hay bng 500 A.
I.7.14. Trung tnh ni t trc tip l im trung tnh ca my
bin p hoc ca my pht in c ni trc tip vi
Phn I: Quy nh chung
122
I.7.16.Trung tnh ni t hiu qu l trung tnh ca mng in

ba pha in p ln hn 1 kV c h s qu in p khi ngn
mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4.
H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng
in ba pha l t s gia in p ca pha khng b s c
khi c ngn mch chm t v in p pha trc khi c
ngn mch chm t.
I.7.17. Dy trung tnh l dy dn ca mch in ni trc tip vi
im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc ca my pht in.
1. Dy trung tnh lm vic (cn gi l dy "khng" lm
vic) l dy dn cp in cho thit b in.
Trong li in ba pha 4 dy, dy ny c ni vi im
trung tnh ni t trc tip ca my bin p hoc my
pht in.
Vi ngun in mt pha, dy trung tnh lm vic c
ni vi u ra ni t trc tip.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
123
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
Vi ngun in mt chiu, dy ny c ni vo im
gia ni t trc tip ca ngun.
y cng l dy cn bng ni t c nhim v dn dng
in v khi ph ti trn cc pha khng cn bng.
2. Dy trung tnh bo v (cn gi l dy "khng" bo v)
cc thit b in n 1 kV l dy dn ni nhng b
phn cn ni vi im trung tnh ni t trc tip ca
my bin p hoc my pht trong li in ba pha.
i vi ngun mt pha, dy ny c ni vi mt u ra
trc tip ni t.
i vi ngun mt chiu, dy ny c ni vo im
gia ni t trc tip ca ngun.
(Xem Ph lc 1.7.1)
I.7.18. Ct bo v l ct t ng bng h thng bo v tt c cc
pha hoc cc cc khi c s c xy ra ti mt b phn
trong li in vi thi gian ct khng qu 0,2 giy tnh
t thi im pht sinh dng chm t mt pha.
I.7.19. Cch in kp l s phi hp gia cch in lm vic
(chnh) v cch in bo v (ph)(xem
iu I.1.46 48). Vic phi hp ny phi m bo
sao cho khi c h hng mt trong hai lp cch in
th cng khng gy nguy him khi tip xc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
124
Yu cu chung
I.7.20. Thit b in c in p n 1 kV v cao hn phi c mt
trong cc bin php bo v sau y: ni t, ni trung
tnh, ct bo v, my bin p cch ly, dng in p thp,
cch in kp, ng p nhm mc ch m bo an ton
cho ngi trong cc ch lm vic ca li in, bo v
chng st cho thit b in, bo v qu in p ni b.
ni t cho thit b in, u tin s dng ni t t
nhin, nh cc kt cu kim loi, ct thp ca kt cu
btng, cc ng dn bng kim loi t di t trong
trng hp quy phm cho php, tr ng dn cht lng d
chy, kh v hn hp cht chy n v.v.
Nu s dng cc kt cu kim loi ny c in tr ni t
p ng c yu cu theo qui nh v ni t th khng
cn t trang b ni t ring.
I.7.21. Nn s dng mt trang b ni t chung cho cc thit b
in c chc nng khc nhau v in p khc nhau.
Ngoi tr mt s trng hp ch c php khi p ng
nhng yu cu ring quy nh ca quy phm ny.
in tr ca trang b ni t chung phi tho mn cc
yu cu ca thit b v bt buc phi nh hn hoc bng
in tr nh nht ca mt trong cc thit b .
Phn I: Quy nh chung
125
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
I.7.22. Khi thc hin ni t hoc ct bo v theo yu cu ca

quy phm ny gp kh khn v k thut hoc kh thc
hin c, cho php s dng cc thit b in c sn
cch in
Cu to ca sn cch in phi m bo l ch khi ng
trn sn cch in mi c th tip xc c vi b phn
khng ni t. Ngoi ra phi loi tr kh nng tip xc
ng thi gia cc phn khng ni t ca thit b ny
vi phn c ni t ca thit b khc hoc vi cc phn
kt cu ca to nh.
I.7.23. i vi li in n 1 kV c trung tnh ni t trc tip
phi m bo kh nng t ng ct in chc chn, vi
thi gian ct ngn nht nhm cch ly phn t b h hng
ra khi li in khi c hin tng chm in trn cc b
phn c ni t. m bo yu cu trn, im trung
tnh ca my bin p pha h p n 1 kV phi c ni
vi cc ni t bng dy ni t; vi li in mt chiu
ba dy th dy gia phi c ni t trc tip. V ca
cc thit b ny phi c ni vi dy trung tnh ni t.
Khi v ca thit b khng ni vi dy trung tnh ni t
th khng c php ni t v thit b .
I.7.24. i vi my bin p c trung tnh cch ly v my bin p
c cun dp h quang vi in p cao hn 1 kV phi m
Phn I: Quy nh chung
126
bo kh nng pht hin v xc nh nhanh chng phn t

b h hng bng cch t thit b kim tra in p tng
pha v phn on li in, khi cn thit, phi c tn
hiu chn lc hoc bo v bo tn hiu hay ct t ng
nhng phn t b h hng.
I.7.25. i vi thit b in in p n 1 kV, cho php s dng
im trung tnh ni t trc tip hoc cch ly.
Nn p dng kiu trung tnh cch ly cho thit b in khi
c yu cu an ton cao, vi iu kin:
1. Cc thit b ny phi t thit b bo v kt hp vi
kim tra cch in ca li in, c th s dng ptmt
hoc cu chy bo v.
2. C th pht hin nhanh v sa cha kp thi khi c
chm t hoc c thit b t ng ct b phn chm t.
Trong li in xoay chiu 3 pha 4 dy hoc li in
mt chiu 3 dy, bt buc phi ni t trc tip im
trung tnh.
i vi thit b in 3 pha in p danh nh 500 V hoc
660 V phi cch ly im trung tnh.
I.7.26. Li in 3 pha hoc 1 pha in p n 1 kV trung tnh
cch ly c lin h vi li in c in p cao hn 1 kV
qua my bin p, phi t thit b bo v nh thng
Phn I: Quy nh chung
127
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
cch in ti im trung tnh hoc ti dy pha in p

thp ca my bin p phng nguy him khi b h
hng cch in gia cun dy cao p v cun dy h p.
I.7.27. Trong nhng trng hp sau y phi c bin php bo
v c bit t ng ct cc thit b khi xy ra hin
tng chm v:
1. Li in c im trung tnh cch ly v c yu cu cao
v an ton in (trong khai thc hm m v.v.).
t ln phi thc hin li san bng in p (tr cc thit

b in trm ct 35 kV tr xung).
I.7.30. m bo tr s in tr ni t theo qui nh trong sut
nm, khi thit k ni t phi tnh trc s thay i in
tr sut ca t (thay i theo thi tit).
m bo yu cu trn, trong tnh ton phi a vo
h s hiu chnh tu theo trng thi in tr sut ca t
ti thi im tin hnh o.
2. Li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip v c in p

n 1 kV.
Nhng b phn phi ni t
thay th cho vic ni v thit b vi trung tnh ni t,

cn phi t trang b ni t tho mn yu cu nh i
vi mng c trung tnh cch ly.
I.7.31. Phi ni t cc b phn bng kim loi ca cc my mc,

thit b in gian sn xut cng nh ngoi tri. Nhng
b phn cn ni t bao gm:
3. i vi thit b di ng nu vic ni t khng c kh

nng tho mn yu cu ca quy phm ny.
1. V my in, v my bin p, kh c in, ct DK, thit

b chiu sng v.v.
I.7.28. Kch thc cc in cc ca trang b ni t nhn to

(ng, thanh v.v.) phi m bo kh nng phn b u
in p i vi t trn din tch t thit b in. Vi
thit b in c dng chm t ln, bt buc phi t
mch vng ni t xung quanh thit b (tr cc thit b
in trm ct 35 kV tr xung).
I.7.29. m bo an ton, cc thit b in c dng in chm
Phn I: Quy nh chung
128
2. B truyn ng ca thit b in.

3. Cun th cp ca my bin p o lng (my bin
dng, my bin in p).
4. Khung kim loi ca t phn phi in, bng iu
khin, bng in v t in, cng nh cc b phn c th
m hoc tho ra c nu nh trn c t thit b in
in p trn 42 V xoay chiu hoc trn 110 V mt chiu.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
129
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
5. Kt cu kim loi ca thit b in, v kim loi v v

bc ca cp lc v cp nh th, hp u cp, ng kim loi
lun cp, v v gi cc thit b in.
4. ng ray i ra ngoi khu t ca trm pht in,

trm bin p, trm phn phi v cc trm in ca x
nghip cng nghip.
6. Thit b in t phn di ng ca my v cc c cu.
5. V dng c c cch in kp.
7. V kim loi ca my in di ng hoc cm tay.
6. Nhng b phn c th tho ra hoc m ra c ca

khung kim loi cc bung phn phi, t, ro chn ngn
cch cc t in, cc ca ra vo v.v. nu nh trn cc b
phn khng t thit b in hoc thit b in lp trn
c in p xoay chiu n 42 V v in p mt chiu
n 110 V.
Nhng b phn khng phi ni t

I.7.32. Nhng b phn khng yu cu ni t:
1. Thit b in c in p xoay chiu n 380 V hoc
c in mt chiu n 440 V v cc thit b c t
trong gian t nguy him (xem iu I.1.12); ngha l cc
phng kh ro v c sn dn in km (nh g, nha
ng) hoc trong cc gian phng sch s v kh ro
(nh phng th nghim, vn phng).
Ghi ch: Nhng thit b in trn phi ni t nu trong
khi lm vic, ngi c th cng mt lc tip xc vi
thit b in v vi b phn khc c ni t.
2. Thit b t trn kt cu kim loi c ni t nu
m bo tip xc in tt ti mt tip xc ca kt cu
(mt tip xc ny phi c co sch, lm nhn v
khng c qut sn).
3. Kt cu t cp vi in p bt k v c v bng
kim loi c ni t c hai u.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
130
7. Kt cu kim loi trong gian t cquy c in p

n 220 V.
Cho php thc hin ni t cho ng c in v my mc
ring l trn cc my ci hoc thit b khc bng cch
ni t trc tip my ci hoc thit b khc nu m bo
tip xc chc chn gia ng c hoc my mc ring l
vi my ci hoc thit b khc.
Ni t thit b in in p trn 1kV

trung tnh ni t hiu qu
I.7.33. i vi thit b in in p trn 1 kV trung tnh ni t
hiu qu (xem iu I.7.16), phi m bo tr s in tr
Phn I: Quy nh chung
131
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
ni t hoc in p tip xc, ng thi phi m bo

in p trn trang b ni t (theo iu I.7.35) v cc
bin php kt cu (theo iu I.7.36).
I.7.34. in tr ca trang b ni t vng c in tr sut ca t
khng qu 500 Wm khng c ln hn 0,5 W (trong bt c
thi gian no trong nm, c tnh n in tr ni t t nhin
( vng in tr sut ca t ln hn 500 Wm xem iu
I.7.41 n I.7.45). Yu cu ny khng p dng cho trang b
ni t ca ct DK v trm 35 kV tr xung.
i vi trm 35 kV tr xung, p dng theo iu I.7.46
(k c ni t hiu qu).
I.7.35. in p trn trang b ni t khi c dng in ngn mch
chm t chy qua khng c ln hn 10 kV. Trong
trng hp loi tr c kh nng truyn in t trang b
ni t ra ngoi phm vi cc nh v hng ro bn ngoi
cc thit b in th cho php in p trn trang b ni t
ln hn 10 kV. Khi in p trn trang b ni t ln hn
5 kV phi c bin php bo v cch in cho cc ng
cp thng tin v h thng iu khin t xa t thit b in
i ra v cc bin php ngn nga truyn in th nguy
him ra ngoi phm vi ca thit b in.
I.7.36. san bng in th v m bo vic ni thit b in
vi h thng in cc ni t, trn din tch t thit b
Phn I: Quy nh chung
132
in phi t cc in cc ni t nm ngang theo chiu

di v chiu rng ca din tch v ni chng vi nhau
thnh li ni t.
Cc cc ni t theo chiu di phi t gia dy thit b
in v pha i li vn hnh, su t 0,5 n 0,7 m v
cch mng hoc b t thit b t 0,8 m n 1,0 m. Nu
cc thit b in c t thnh cc dy, c li i gia,
khong cch gia hai dy khng qu 3 m th cho php
t mt in cc san bng in th chung gia hai dy
thit b.
Cc in cc ni t theo chiu rng phi c t
nhng v tr thun tin gia cc thit b in su 0,5
n 0,7 m. Khong cch gia chng nn ly tng ln k
t chu vi n trung tm ca li ni t. Khi khong
cch u tin v khong cch tip theo k t chu vi
khng c vt qu 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,5; 9,0; 11,0; 13,5;
16,0 v 20,0 m. Kch thc ca li ni t tip gip
vi ch ni im trung tnh my bin p lc v dao to
ngn mch vi trang b ni t khng c vt qu
2
6x6 m .
Trong mi trng hp, khong cch gia cc in cc
nm ngang khng c ln hn 30 m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi c t theo bin ca
Phn I: Quy nh chung
133
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
din tch t trang b ni t sao cho to thnh mch

vng khp kn.
Nu mch vng ni t b tr trong phm vi hng ro
pha ngoi ca thit b in th di ca ra vo, st vi
in cc nm ngang ngoi cng ca mch vng phi t
thm hai cc ni t san bng in th. Hai cc ni
t ny phi c chiu di t 3 n 5 m v khong cch
gia chng bng chiu rng ca ra vo.
I.7.37. Vic lp t trang b ni t phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
1. Cc dy ni t thit b hoc kt cu vi cc ni t
phi t su khng nh hn 0,3 m.
2. Phi t mt mch vng ni t nm ngang bao quanh
ch ni t trung tnh ca my bin p lc v dao to
ngn mch.
3. Khi trang b ni t vt ra ngoi phm vi hng ro
thit b in th cc in cc ni t nm ngang pha
ngoi din tch t thit b in phi c t su
khng nh hn 1m. Mch vng ni t ngoi cng trong
trng hp ny nn c dng a gic c gc t hoc c
gc ln.
I.7.38. Hng ro bn ngoi ca thit b in khng phi ni t
vi trang b ni t. Nu c DK in p 110 kV tr ln
t thit b i ra th hng ro ny phi c ni t bng
Phn I: Quy nh chung
134
cc cc ni t c chiu di t 2 m - 3 m v c chn
su cnh cc tr ca hng ro theo ton b chu vi v cch
nhau t 20 m 50 m mt cc. Khng yu cu t cc ni
t ny i vi hng ro c cc tr bng kim loi hoc
btng ct thp, nu ct thp ca cc tr ny c ni
vi cc chi tit kim loi ca hng ro.
loi tr lin h v in gia hng ro bn ngoi vi
trang b ni t th khong cch t hng ro n cc chi
tit ca trang b ni t b tr dc theo hng ro pha
trong hoc pha ngoi hoc hai pha ca hng ro, khng
c nh hn 2 m. in cc ni t, dy cp c v bc
kim loi, ng ng kim loi i ra ngoi phm vi ca hng
ro phi c b tr gia cc tr ca hng ro, su
khng nh hn 0,5 m. Nhng ni tip gip gia hng ro
pha ngoi vi cc nh hoc cng trnh xy dng, cng
nh nhng ni tip gip gia hng ro pha ngoi vi
hng ro kim loi pha trong phi c xy gch hoc lp
bng g vi chiu di khng nh hn 1 m.
I.7.39. Nu trang b ni t ca thit b in cng nghip c
ni vi li ni t ca thit b in c in p ln hn
1 kV trung tnh ni t hiu qu bng dy cp c v bc
bng kim loi hoc bng dy kim loi th vic san bng
in th xung quanh nh hoc din tch t thit b in
phi tho mn mt trong cc iu kin sau y:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
135
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
1. t mt mch vng ni t xung quanh nh hoc din

tch t thit b v ni mch vng ny vi kt cu kim
loi ca cng trnh xy dng, thit b sn xut v vi li
ni t (ni trung tnh). Mch vng phi c t su
1m v cch mng nh hoc chu vi t thit b 1 m. ca ra
vo nh phi t hai dy ni t, cch mch vng ni t
1 m v 2 m su tng ng 1m v 1,5 m v phi ni
nhng dy ni t ny vi mch vng.
2. Cho php dng mng btng ct thp lm ni t nu
nh m bo c yu cu v san bng in th.
Khng phi thc hin nhng iu kin nu ra mc 1 v
2 nu trn nu nh xung quanh nh v ca ra vo nh
c ri nha ng.
I.7.40. Tr s dng in tnh ton dng tnh dy ni t phi
ly bng tr s ln nht (gi tr n nh) trong cc dng
in chm t mt pha ca h thng in v c tnh n
s phn b dng in chm t gia cc im trung tnh
ni t ca h thng.
vo thi gian bt li nht trong nm (o vo ma kh),

cn thc hin theo cc bin php sau:
1. Tng chiu di cc ni t nu in tr sut ca t
gim theo su.
2. t in cc ni t ko di (c th t 1 n 2 km) nu
gn c nhng ch c in tr sut ca t nh hn.
3. Ci to t lm gim in tr sut ca t (dng
bt st, bt bentnt hoc than ch v.v. trn vi cc cht
ph gia khc).
Trong vng t c , cho php t cc in cc ni t
nng hn so vi yu cu nhng khng c nh hn
0,15 m. Ngoi ra khng cn b tr cc ni t cc ca
ra vo.
I.7.42. Vic lp t trang b ni t cho thit b in c in p ln
hn 1 kV, vng t c in tr sut ln hn 500 Wm,
c php tng gi tr in tr ni t ca trang b ni t
ln n 0,001r[W] nhng khng c ln hn 5 W, nu
vic thc hin nh iu I.7.41 c chi ph qu cao.
I.7.41. Vic lp t trang b ni t cho thit b in c in p

ln hn 1 kV trong li in trung tnh ni t hiu qu,
vng t c in tr sut (r) ln hn 500 Wm, xc nh
I.7.43. Trng hp thc hin trang b ni t nh iu I.7.42

vn khng t c theo yu cu th cho php thc hin
theo tiu chun in p tip xc v in p bc cho
php. Cch xc nh in p tip xc v in p bc c
th thc hin theo Ph lc I.7.2.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Ni t thit b in ti vng c in tr sut ln
136
137
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
I.7.44. Trang b ni t phi m bo tr s in p tip xc v

in p bc khng ln hn gi tr qui nh bt k thi
gian no trong nm khi c dng ngn mch chy qua.
I.7.45. Khi xc nh gi tr in p tip xc v in p bc cho
php, thi gian tc ng tnh ton phi ly bng tng
thi gian tc ng ca bo v v thi gian ct ton phn
ca my ct. ch lm vic ca cng nhn khi thc
hin cc thao tc ng ct c th xut hin ngn mch ra
cc kt cu m cng nhn c th chm ti th thi gian
tc ng ca thit b bo v phi ly bng thi gian tc
ng ca bo v d phng.
Trong trng hp ny vn phi thc hin nhng yu cu

v ni t cho thit b in c in p n 1 kV.
2. Nu trang b ni t ch s dng ring cho nhng thit
b in c in p cao hn 1 kV.
Trong :
Rn: Tr s in tr ni t ln nht khi c tnh
n s thay i in tr sut ca t (r) theo
thi tit trong nm, [W]
Icd: Dng in chm t tnh ton, [A]
I.7.47. Dng in chm t tnh ton:
1. i vi li in khng c b dng in in dung:
l dng in tng chm t.
Ni t thit b in in p trn 1 kV
trung tnh cch ly
I.7.46. i vi thit b in trn 1 kV trung tnh cch ly, tr s
in tr ni t trong nm c xc nh theo cc cng
thc sau y, nhng khng c ln hn 10 W:
1. Nu trang b ni t ng thi s dng cho c thit b
in c in p cao hn 1 kV v di 1 kV.
2. i vi li in c b dng in in dung:
Trang b ni t ni vi thit b b - bng 125% dng
in danh nh ca thit b b.
Khi trang b ni t khng ni qua thit b b, dng
in tnh ton l dng in chm t d khi ct thit b
b c cng sut ln nht, hoc ct nhnh li ln nht.
I.7.48. Tr s dng in chm t tnh ton phi xc nh theo s
vn hnh ca li in khi dng in ngn mch c
tr s ln nht.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
138
Phn I: Quy nh chung
139
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
I.7.49. Vi thit b in c trung tnh cch ly, in tr ni t

c tnh ton theo iu I.7.46. Dng in chm t
tnh ton c th c xc nh theo dng in tc ng
ca rle bo v chm t mt pha hoc ngn mch gia
cc pha nu dng ngn mch gia cc pha m bo ct
chm t.
Dng in chm t tnh ton khng c nh hn 1,5
ln dng in tc ng ca rle bo v hoc 3 ln dng
danh nh ca dy chy.
trung tnh ni t trc tip
I.7.50. Dy trung tnh ca ngun cp in (my pht in, my
bin p) phi c ni chc chn vi trang b ni t
bng dy ni t v cc trang b ni t ny cn t st
gn cc thit b trn. Tit din ca dy ni t khng
c nh hn quy nh bng I.7.1 ca iu I.7.72.
Trong cc trng hp ring, nh cc trm bin p bn
trong cc phn xng, cho php t cc trang b ni t
trc tip gn ngay tng nh (pha bn ngoi).
I.7.51. Cc dy pha v dy trung tnh ca my bin p, my pht
in n bng phn phi iu khin, thng thc hin
bng thanh dn.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
140
dn in ca thanh dn trung tnh phi khng nh

hn 50% ca thanh dn pha. Nu s dng cp thay
th cc thanh dn th phi dng cp 4 rut.
I.7.52. Tr s in tr ni t ca trung tnh my pht in hoc
my bin p, hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha bt k
thi im no trong nm khng c ln hn 2 W, 4 W
tng ng vi in p dy ca ngun in ba pha l 660 V,
380 V hoc tng ng vi in p pha ca ngun in
mt pha l 380 V, 220 V. Gi tr ca in tr ny c
tnh n c ni t t nhin v ni t lp li cho dy
trung tnh ca DK. in tr ni t ca cc cc ni t
t gn st trung tnh ca my bin p, my pht in
hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha khng c ln hn
15 W, 30 W tng ng vi cc gi tr ca in p nh
nu trn.
Khi in tr sut ca t ln hn 100 Wm, cho php tng
in tr ni t ln 0,01r ln, nhng khng c ln
hn 10 ln.
I.7.53. Dy trung tnh phi c ni t lp li ti cc ct cui
v ct r nhnh ca DK. Dc theo dy trung tnh phi
ni t lp li vi khong cch thng t 200 m n
250 m.
ni t lp li trong li in xoay chiu nn s dng
Phn I: Quy nh chung
141
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
cc vt ni t t nhin, cn i vi li in mt chiu
th nht thit phi t trang b ni t nhn to.
I.7.54. in tr ca tt c cc ni t lp li (k c ni t t
nhin) cho dy trung tnh ca DK bt k thi im
no trong nm khng c ln hn 5 W , 10 W tng ng
vi in p dy ca ngun in ba pha l 660 V, 380 V
hoc tng ng vi in p pha ca ngun mt pha l
380 V, 220 V. Trong gi tr in tr ca mi ni t
lp li khng c ln hn 15 W, 30 W tng ng vi cc
gi tr in p nu trn.
trung tnh cch ly
I.7.55. i vi thit b in c trung tnh cch ly, tr s in tr
ni t ca thit b in khng c ln hn 4 W.
Nu cng sut ca my pht in hoc my bin p t
100 kVA tr xung th in tr ni t khng uc ln
hn 10 .
Trng hp cc my pht in hoc cc my bin p lm
vic song song vi tng cng sut ca chng khng ln
hn 100 kVA th tr s in tr ni t khng c ln
hn 10 W.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
142
I.7.56. Cm s dng t lm dy pha hoc dy trung tnh i

vi nhng thit b in c in p n 1 kV.
Ni t cc thit b dng in cm tay
I.7.57. Thit b dng in cm tay ch c nhn in trc tip
t li in khi in p ca li khng c qu
380/220 V.
I.7.58. V kim loi ca thit b dng in cm tay c in p
trn 36 V xoay chiu v trn 110 V mt chiu trong
cc gian nguy him hoc rt nguy him phi c ni
t, tr trng hp thit b c cch in hai lp hoc
c cp in t my bin p cch ly.
I.7.59. Phi ni t hoc ni trung tnh cho cc thit b dng
in cm tay bng cc dy ring (dy th ba i vi cc
dng c in mt chiu v mt pha xoay chiu, dy th
t cho cc dng c in ba pha). Nn t dy ny trong
cng mt v vi cc dy pha v ni vi v ca dng c
in. Khng cho php s dng dy trung tnh lm vic
lm dy ni t.
I.7.60. cp in cho cc thit b dng in cm tay phi s
dng nhng cm in v phch cm chuyn dng.
Loi cm v phch cm ny m bo khng cm nhm
cc ni t vi cc dng in v khi cm th cc ni t
Phn I: Quy nh chung
143
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
tip xc trc cc dng in, khi ngt in th cc ni

t c ct sau cng. Nu cm in c v bng kim
loi, phi ni v kim loi vi cc ni t. Dy dn v
pha ngun cung cp phi c u vo cm, cn dy
dn v pha dng c in phi c u vo phch cm.
I.7.61. Dy ni t ca cc thit b dng in cm tay dng trong
cng nghip phi bng dy ng mm v c tit din ln
2
hn 1,5 mm , cn i vi thit b dng in cm tay dng
2
trong sinh hot th tit din phi ln hn 0,75 mm .
Ni t thit b in di ng
I.7.62. Cc trm pht in di ng phi c trang b ni t ging
nh qui nh trong iu I.7.59.
I.7.63. i vi thit b di ng nhn in t ngun in c nh
hoc t trm pht in di ng phi ni v ca thit b
ti trang b ni t ca ngun cung cp in.
Trong li in c trung tnh cch ly nn b tr
trang b ni t cho thit b in di ng ngay bn
cnh thit b. Tr s in tr ni t phi tho mn
cc yu cu ca iu I.7.55. Nn u tin s dng
cc vt ni t t nhin gn .
I.7.64. Nu vic ni t cho thit b in di ng khng th thc
hin c hoc khng p ng c yu cu ca quy
Phn I: Quy nh chung
144
phm ny th phi thay th vic ni t bng vic ct bo

v ct in p a vo thit b khi b chm t.
I.7.65. Khng yu cu ni t cho thit b in di ng trong cc
trng hp di y:
1. Nu thit b in di ng c mt my pht in ring
(khng cp in cho cc thit b khc) t trc tip ngay
trn my v trn mt b kim loi chung.
2. Nu cc thit b in di ng (vi s lng khng ln
hn 2) nhn in t trm pht in di ng ring (khng
cung cp in cho cc thit b khc) vi khong cch t
thit b di ng n trm pht in khng qu 50 m v v
ca cc thit b di ng c ni vi v ca ngun pht
in bng dy dn.
I.7.66. La chn dy ni t, dy ni v cho nhng thit b di
ng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca quy phm ny.
Dy ni t, dy trung tnh bo v v dy ni v ca thit
b phi l dy ng mm c tit din bng tit din dy
pha v nn cng trong mt v vi cc dy pha.
Trong li in c trung tnh cch ly, cho php t dy
ni t v dy ni v ring bit vi dy pha. Trong
trng hp ny tit din ca chng khng c nh
2
hn 2,5 mm .
Phn I: Quy nh chung
145
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
lm dy ni v ca ngun cp in vi v ca thit b
di ng c th s dng:
3. Kt cu kim loi v b tng ct thp nm trong t ca

to nh v cng trnh xy dng.
1. Li th 5 ca dy cp trong li in ba pha c dy
trung tnh lm vic.
4. ng ng kim loi ca cng trnh thu li.
2. Li th 4 ca dy cp trong li in ba pha khng c

dy trung tnh lm vic.
5. V bc ch ca dy cp t trong t. Khng c
php s dng v nhm ca dy cp lm cc ni
t t nhin.
3. Li th ba ca dy cp trong li in mt pha.
6. ng ray ca cn trc, ng ray ni b x nghip nu

nh gia cc thanh ray c ni vi nhau bng cu ni.
Trang b ni t
B phn ni t t nhin phi c ni ti trang b ni

t nhn to (ni t chnh) t nht ti 2 im.
I.7.67. Khi thit k ni t cho thit b in phi xc nh tr s

in tr sut ca t bng cch o ti hin trng. Tr s
in tr sut s dng trong tnh ton thit k phi xc
nh bng cch nhn tr s o c vi h s ma.
Ghi ch: H s ma l h s ph thuc vo s thay i
thi tit trong mt nm (gia ma ma v ma kh)
t ti tr s in tr sut bt li nht trong nm.
I.7.68. Khi thit k ni t nn s dng cc vt ni t t nhin.
Cc b phn sau y c s dng lm ni t t nhin:
1. ng dn nc v ng dn bng kim loi chn trong
t, tr cc ng ng dn cht lng d chy, kh v hp
cht chy, n.
2. ng chn trong t ca ging khoan.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
146
I.7.69. in cc ni t nhn to c th s dng cc thp ng,

thp trn, thp dt, thp gc ng thng ng hoc
thp trn, thp dt v.v. t nm ngang.
Kch thc nh nht ca cc in cc ca trang b ni
t theo quy nh bng I.7.1. Ti nhng ni d b n
mn, cc in cc ca trang b ni t phi c m
ng hoc m km. Trng hp c bit, ti nhng ni
c nhiu cht n mn kim loi mnh, ngoi vic m trn
cn phi tng tit din ca cc in cc ca trang b ni
t v phi c ch kim tra thng xuyn.
in cc chn trong t ca trang b ni t khng c
qut nha ng hoc cc lp sn cch in khc.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
147
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v
I.7.70. Phi u tin dng dy trung tnh lm vic lm dy trung
tnh bo v.
lm dy ni t ph v dy trung tnh bo v, cho
php s dng cc vt dn t nhin di y:
1. Kt cu kim loi ca ngi nh (ko, ct, gi thit
b, ct thp ca ct b tng ct thp v.v.).
2. Kt cu kim loi trong sn xut (ng ray, cu trc,
khung kim loi ca cc b phn giao thng i li (thang
my, hm sn v.v.).
3. ng thp ca thit b in.
I.7.71. Cm s dng v kim loi ca dy dn kiu ng, cp treo

ca ng dn in, v kim loi ca ng cch in, tay
nm kim loi, v ch ca dy v cp in lm dy ni
t hoc dy trung tnh bo v. Ch cho php dng v ch
ca cp vo mc ch trn trong ci to li in thnh
ph c in p 380/220 V.
Trong cc gian v thit b ngoi tri c yu cu ni t,
ni trung tnh th v kim loi ni trn phi c ni t
chc chn trn ton b chiu di. Hp cp v hp u
dy cn c ni vi v kim loi bng cch hn hoc
bng bulng. Cc mi ni bng bulng phi c bin
php chng g v chng ni lng.
5. V cp bng nhm.
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v t trong nh v

ngoi tri phi tip cn c kim tra. Vic kim tra
khng p dng cho dy trung tnh ca cp bc, ct thp
ca kt cu btng ct thp, cng nh dy ni t t
trong ng, hp hoc kt cu xy dng.
6. Kt cu kim loi ca ct btng c hoc btng ly tm.
Dy ni t bng thp t ngoi tri phi m km.
Khi s dng chng lm dy ni t chnh th phi p

ng cc yu cu ca dy ni t trong quy phm ny.
I.7.72. Dy ni t bng ng hoc nhm hoc thp phi c kch

thc khng nh hn tr s quy nh trong bng I.7.1.
Nhng vt dn in t nhin phi c ni ti trang b

ni t chc chn, lin mch.
Cm s dng dy nhm trn chn trong t lm dy

ni t.
4. ng kim loi dn nc, thot nc, dn hi nhit (tr

cc ng dn cht chy n) ca cc thit b in in p
n 1 kV.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
148
Phn I: Quy nh chung
149
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
Bng I.7.1. Kch thc nh nht ca dy ni t v dy

trung tnh bo v
Thp
Tn
ng Nhm
Trong
nh
Ngoi
tri
Trong
t
Dy trn:
- Tit din, mm2
- ng knh, mm
4
-
6
-
10
Tit din dy cch

in, mm2
1,5(*)
2,5
Tit din rut ni t

v ni trung tnh ca
cp hoc dy nhiu
rut trong v bo v
chung vi cc rut pha,
mm2
2,5
Chiu dy cnh thp

gc, mm
2,5
Tit din thp thanh,

mm2
Chiu dy, mm
24
3
48
4
48
4
ng:
Chiu dy thnh ng,
mm
2,5
2,5
2,5
3,5
ng thp mng:
Chiu dy thnh ng,
mm
1,5
2,5
Khng
cho php
I.7.74. Vi nhng thit b in c in p cao hn 1 kV v dng

in chm t nh, tit din ca dy ni t phi m
bo khi c dng in chm t tnh ton mt pha m
nhit pht nng lu di ca dy ni t t ngm di
o
t khng vt qu 150 C.
Ghi ch: Khi t dy trong ng, tit din ca dy trung tnh bo v

c php bng 1mm2 nu dy pha c cng tit din.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
I.7.73. Vi nhng thit b in c in p cao hn 1 kV v dng

in chm t ln, tit din ca dy ni t phi m bo
khi c dng in chm t tnh ton mt pha chy qua
O
m nhit ca dy ni t khng vt qu 400 C (iu
kin pht nng ngn hn ph hp vi thi gian ct ca
thit b bo v chnh).
150
I.7.75. Thit b in n 1 kV v cao hn c trung tnh cch ly,

in dn ca dy ni t khng c nh hn 1/3 in
dn ca dy pha, cn tit din khng nh hn tr s trong
bng I.7.1, v khng cn ly ln hn 120 mm2 nu l dy
thp, khng ln hn 35 mm2 nu l dy nhm, v khng
ln hn 25 mm2 nu l dy ng.
Trong nh xng sn xut, li ni t chnh dng thanh
2
thp phi c tit din khng nh hn 100 mm . C th
dng thp trn cng tit din.
I.7.76. i vi thit b in c in p n 1 kV trung tnh ni
t trc tip, m bo kh nng ct t ng khu vc
Phn I: Quy nh chung
151
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
xy ra s c, tit din dy pha v dy trung tnh bo v

phi chn sao cho khi chm v hoc chm dy trung tnh
bo v, dng in ngn mch khng nh hn:
I.7.77. Thit b in c in p n 1 kV trung tnh ni t trc

tip, dy trung tnh bo v nn t chung v bn cnh
cc dy pha.
3 ln dng in danh nh ca dy chy cu chy

gn nht.
Dy trung tnh lm vic phi tnh ton m bo dng

in lm vic lu di. Dy trung tnh lm vic c th l
dy cch in c cch in nh dy pha. Vic cch in
dy trung tnh lm vic cng nh dy trung tnh bo v
bt buc nhng ch nu dng dy trn c th to ra
cp in ngu hoc lm h hng cch in ca dy pha
do tia la gia dy trung tnh trn v v hoc kt cu (v
d khi t dy trong ng, hp, mng). Khng yu cu
cch in nu dng v hoc kt cu ca b thanh ci
(trn gi hoc trong thit b hp b) lm dy trung
tnh lm vic v bo v, cng nh vi v nhm hoc ch
ca cp (xem thm iu I.7.71).
3 ln dng in danh nh ca phn t ct khng iu

chnh c hoc dng in chnh nh phn t ct iu
chnh c ca ptmt c c tnh dng in quan
h ngc.
bo v li in bng ptmt ch c phn t ct in
t (ct nhanh), tit din ca dy phi m bo dng in
chy qua khng nh hn mc chnh nh dng in khi
ng tc thi nhn vi h s phn tn (theo s liu ca
nh ch to) v h s d tr 1,1. Khi khng c s liu ca
nh ch to, i vi ptmt c dng in danh nh n
100 A, bi s dng in ngn mch so vi mc chnh
nh phi khng nh hn 1,4; i vi ptmt c dng
in danh nh trn 100 A - khng nh hn 1,25.
Tit din ca dy trung tnh bo v, trong mi trng
hp phi khng nh hn 50% tit din ca dy pha.
Nu yu cu trn khng p ng c gi tr dng in
chm v hoc chm dy trung tnh bo v th vic ct
dng ngn mch ny phi bng thit b bo v c bit.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
152
Trong gian sn xut, mi trng bnh thng, c

php dng kt cu kim loi, ng, v v kt cu
thanh ci lm dy trung tnh lm vic (xem thm iu
I.7.70) khi:
Cp in cho ph ti n l mt pha c cng sut nh,
in p n 42 V.
Cp in mt pha cho cun dy ng ct ca khi
ng t hoc cngtct.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
153
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
Cp in mt pha cho thit b chiu sng v mch iu

khin tn hiu ca cu trc bng mt pha.
dng thit b ct ct dy trung tnh lm vic cng vi

dy pha.
I.7.78. Khng cho php dng dy trung tnh lm vic lm dy

trung tnh bo v cho cc dng c in cm tay mt pha
hoc mt chiu. Dy trung tnh bo v phi l dy ring
th ba u vo cm ba cc.
I.7.81. Trong li in trn khng in p n 1kV c trung

tnh ni t trc tip, tr s dng in ngn mch dng
kim tra kh nng ct khi c ngn mch gia cc pha
vi dy trung tnh c xc nh theo cng thc gn
ng di y:
I.7.79. Khng c t cu chy hoc thit b ct trong mch

dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v.
Mch dy trung tnh lm vic ng thi lm trung tnh
bo v c th cng ct ng thi vi dy pha.
Nu dng thit b ct mt cc, bt buc phi t dy
pha, khng c t dy trung tnh.
I.7.80. Khng c php dng dy trung tnh lm vic ca
ng dy ny lm dy trung tnh ca thit b in c
cung cp t ng dy khc.
c php dng dy trung tnh lm vic ca ng dy
chiu sng lm dy trung tnh ca thit b in c
cung cp t ng dy khc nu ng dy trn c
cung cp t cng mt my bin p, tit din dy trung
tnh lm vic phi ln p ng trong mi trng
hp v loi tr kh nng b ct khi ng dy khc k
trn ang lm vic. Trong trng hp ny, khng c
Phn I: Quy nh chung
154
Trong :
Up: in p pha ca li in
: Tng tr ton phn im nt ca

mch vng gia dy pha v dy trung tnh ly bng
0,6 W/km.
Zbt: Tng tr ca my bin p.

Ch tnh n Zbt trong cng thc trn nu ng mch
vo my bin p 3 pha Y/y - 12 v khi Zbt ly theo s
liu ca nh ch to. Cn cc trng hp khc khng
a Zbt vo cng thc tnh ton.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
155
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
I.7.82. Trong nhng gian m t v c hi n mn th dy ni

t phi t cch tng t nht 10 mm.
I.7.83. Dy ni t phi c bo v chng h hng v c hc v
ho hc, lu nhng ch giao cho vi ng cp, ng
dn, ng st v.v. Bo v chng h hng v ho hc
phi c bit ch ti nhng khu vc c mi trng d
n mn.
I.7.84. Dy ni t xuyn qua tng phi c t trong nhng
l h, lun trong ng hoc v bc cng.
I.7.85. Khng cho php s dng dy ni t vo cc mc ch
khc. Ch cho php s dng dy ni t ni tm thi
vo my hn nu tit din ca dy ni t m bo dn
c dng in hn chy qua. Ch c s dng dy
trung tnh ni vo mch iu khin ca my cng c
trong trng hp c bit.
I.7.86. Ti ch dy ni t vo cng trnh phi c nhng k hiu
ring d quan st.
Dy ni t t trn, cc kt cu ca trang b ni t
pha trn mt t phi sn mu tm hoc en.
Trong nhng gian c yu cu cao v trang tr, cho php
sn dy ni t ph hp vi mu ca gian phng, nhng
ti ch ni hoc phn nhnh ca dy ni t phi sn 2
vch mu tm hoc en cch nhau 150 mm. ng dy
Phn I: Quy nh chung
156
in nhnh 2 dy, trong dy trung tnh c s dng

lm dy ni t th ti ch hn hoc ch ni ca dy
trung tnh cng phi sn mu tm.
I.7.87. Mi ni gia dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v vi
nhau phi m bo tip xc tt bng cch hn trc tip
hoc kho ni chuyn dng. Mi hn phi c chiu di
chng ln nhau bng 2 ln b rng ca thanh ni nu l
tit din ch nht, hoc 6 ln ng knh ca thanh ni
nu l tit din trn.
Trn cc DK c php ni dy trung tnh ging nh
ni ca dy pha.
Mi ni trong gian m t, c hi hoc kh n mn kim
loi phi thc hin bng cch hn. Trng hp khng c
iu kin hn, cho php ni bng bulng nhng mi
ni phi c sn bo v. Mi ni phi tip cn c
kim tra
I.7.88. Khi s dng cc vt dn nu trong iu I.7.70 lm
dy ni t phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
1. Mi ni ca chng phi tip xc chc chn v phi
m bo dn in lin tc sut chiu di ca vt dn.
2. Khi s dng cc kt cu kim loi k tip nhau lm
dy ni t phi ni chng vi nhau bng cc thanh dn
Phn I: Quy nh chung
157
Chng I.7: Ni t
Chng I.7: Ni t
c tit din khng nh hn 100 mm2 v ni bng hn.

Khi s dng cc kt cu i vi thit b in c in
p n 1 kV trung tnh ni t trc tip phi ni chng
bng cu dn c tit din ging nh dy ni t.
I.7.89. Nhng ng thp lun dy dn in, hp mng v kt cu
khc s dng lm dy ni t hoc dy trung tnh bo v
phi c ni vi nhau chc chn.
Trng hp ng thp t h c th s dng cc mng
sng ni trn lp sn minium hoc s dng cc kt cu
ni khc c tip xc chc chn.
Trng hp ng thp t kn ch c php ni bng
mng sng xit cht trn lp sn minium.
Khi mi ni c nhng on ren di, trn mi pha ca
n phi c ai c hm.
Trng hp t kn cng nh t h trong li in c
trung tnh ni t phi c 2 mi hn ti mi pha ca u
ni ng (trng hp ny khng cn t ai c hm nu
t h).
Nu khng c iu kin hn th cho php s dng cc

ai gi, khi ni phi co sch ng v m thic ti mt
tip xc ca chng trc khi t ai.
I.7.91. Vic ni dy ni t ti cc kt cu ni t phi bng
cch hn, vic ni dy ni t ti thit b my mc v.v.
c th bng cch hn hoc bulng ni chc chn. Cc
mi ni ny trn b phn rung ng hoc chn ng
phi c bin php m bo tip xc tt (ai c hm,
vng m hm).
Dy ni t hoc trung tnh bo v cho thit b thng
xuyn b tho lp hoc t trn b phn chuyn ng
phi bng dy dn mm.
I.7.92. im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc my pht in ni
t trc tip hoc qua thit b b dng in in dung
phi c ni ti li ni t hoc thanh ni t chnh
bng dy ni t ring.
I.7.93. H ni t an ton, ni t lm vic v ni t chng st
phi c ni ti li ni t bng dy nhnh ring.
Khi dy dn in lun trong cc ng thp v cc ng

thp ny c s dng lm dy ni t, ti u vo phi
c ni kim loi gia ng thp v v thit b in.
I.7.90. Ni dy ni t vi in cc ni t ko di (v d ng
dn) phi ni ti u dn vo cng trnh bng cch hn.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
158
Phn I: Quy nh chung
159
Ph lc I.3
Ph lc I.3
Ph lc I.3
Ws : Nng lng bc x mt tri
(W/cm):
h : H s pht nhit (chn bng 0,9)
Ph lc I.3.1
Tnh ton kim tra dng in lu di cho php
ca dy dn trn
b : T s gia in tr xoay chiu v mt chiu

v : Tc gi tnh ton
Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn theo iu

kin pht nng do dng in v do bc x mt tri c
tnh bng cng thc sau:
(m/s)
hW : H s tn nhit do i lu c tnh bng cng thc

thc nghim Rice nh sau:
hr: H s tn nhit do bc x (nh lut StefanTrong :
Boltzmann) c tnh bng cng thc sau:
I : Dng in lu di cho php
[A]
d : ng knh ngoi ca dy dn
[cm]
q : tng nhit cho php trn dy dn
[C]
T : Nhit khng kh ng vi thi im kim tra

v thng chn nhit khng kh cao nht
a : H s tng in tr do nhit
(C)
(1/C)
R20dc : in tr dy dn in 20 C vi dng
in mt chiu
Phn I: Quy nh chung
(W/cm)
160
Cc tr s la chn trong tnh ton

1. Nng lng bc x mt tri: tham kho cc s liu
tnh ton ca cc nc khu vc ln cn, la chn:
2
Ws = 0,1 W/ cm
Phn I: Quy nh chung
161
Ph lc I.3
Ph lc I.3
2. Tc gi tnh ton:
i vi dy siu nhit (TAL): nhit cho php trn

dy dn t ti 150oC trong iu kin vn hnh bnh
thng, ngha l:
v = 0,6 m/s
3. Nhit khng kh T ph thuc thi im kim tra
dng in lu di cho php, iu kin bt li nht l
chn nhit khng kh cao nht v ph hp vi iu
kin kh hu Vit Nam T = 40C.
4. H s tng in tr do nhit ph thuc vt liu
dy dn:
i vi dy nhm li thp, thng thng: a = 0,00403
i vi dy hp kim nhm :
a = 0,00360
i vi dy ng:
a = 0,00393
5. T s gia in tr xoay chiu v mt chiu b c th

tham kho bng trang sau cho cc loi dy nhm li
thp thng dng.
q = 150C - 40C = 110C

i vi dy cc siu nhit (ZTAL): nhit cho php
o
trn dy dn t ti 210 C trong iu kin vn hnh bnh
thng, ngha l:
q = 210C - 40C = 170C
Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn ph thuc nhiu
vo thi im kim tra. V d nu kim tra vo ban m,
nhit khng kh T = 25C, nng lng bc x mt tri
Ws = 0, cho kt qu dng in lu di cho php tng ln
ng k so vi ban ngy.
6. tng nhit cho php trn dy dn q ph thuc

nhit cho php trn dy dn v nhit khng kh
T (= 40C iu kin kh hu Vit Nam):
i vi dy nhm li thp, dy hp kim nhm: nhit
cho php trn dy dn t ti 90C trong iu kin
vn hnh bnh thng, ngha l:
q = 90C - 40C = 50C
Phn I: Quy nh chung
162
Phn I: Quy nh chung
163
Ph lc I.3
Ph lc I.3
Bng t s in tr AC/DC ( RAC/RDC) ca dy nhm rut thp

tng cng (loi ACSR)
Ph lc I.3.2
Chn dy chng st
Nhit , C
Dy chng st c la chn ch yu l p ng c
iu kin n nh nhit khi ngn mch mt pha. Dng
in ngn mch cho php trn dy chng st c tnh
bng cng thc sau:
Tn s, Hz
Trong :
I: dng in ngn mch cho php
(A)
Nhit , C
t: thi gian tn ti ngn mch
(giy)
S: tit din dy chng st
(mm2)
Tn s, Hz
K: hng s ph thuc vt liu ch to dy chng st:
Phn I: Quy nh chung
164
i vi dy nhm li thp
k = 93
i vi dy thp m km
k = 56
i vi dy thp ph nhm
k = 91117
Phn I: Quy nh chung
165
Ph lc I.3
Thng dng cho dy chng st c kt hp cp quang.

Kh nng chu n nh nhit khi ngn mch mt pha ca
dy chng st c so snh bng i lng c trng
[kA2s].
V d dng in ngn mch cho php trn dy chng st
tnh c l I = 10 kA, thi gian tn ti ngn mch t = 0,5 s,
kh nng chu n nh nhit ca dy chng st s l:
(10 kA)2.0,5 s = 50 kA2s
Trong thc hnh c th dng cc biu dng tnh
ton dng in tc thi cho php v so snh vi dng
(1)
in ngn mch I N mt pha ca h thng in ti v tr
cn kim tra, iu kin n nh nhit s m bo khi:
_ IN(1)
I<
Phn I: Quy nh chung
166
Ph lc I.7
Ph lc I.7
Ph lc I.7.1
Cc s ni trung tnh thit b
1. S c dy trung tnh bo v v dy trung tnh lm vic chung:
A
B
C
Dy trung tnh (PEN)
Ni t
lm vic
Thit b in
mt pha
Thit b in
ba pha
Kt cu kim loi
2. S c dy trung tnh bo v tch mt phn:

A
B
C
Dy trung tnh lm vic(N)
Dy trung tnh bo v (PE)
Ni t
lm vic
Thit b in
ba pha
Thit b in
mt pha
Phn I: Quy nh chung
Thit b in
ba pha
Kt cu kim loi
169
Ph lc I.7
Ph lc I.7
3. S c dy trung tnh lm vic v dy trung tnh bo v ring:

A
Ph lc I.7.2
Cch tnh in p tip xc v in p bc cho php
(Chi tit tham kho tiu chun IEEE Std 80 - 2000)
Tr s in p tip xc v in p bc cho php c tnh
nh sau:
B
C
Dy trung tnh lm vic(N)

Dy trung tnh bo v (PE)
Ni t
lm vic
Thit b in
ba pha
Thit bin
mt pha
Kt cu kim loi
rs : in tr sut ca lp vt liu b mt, Wm

rs : in tr sut ca t, Wm
hs : Chiu dy lp vt liu b mt
ts : Thi gian dng in qua ngi (ly bng tng thi
gian tc ng ca bo v v thi gian ct ton phn
ca my ct), giy
Nu khng c lp b mt th r = rs v Cs = 1.
Phn I: Quy nh chung
170
Phn I: Quy nh chung
171
QUY PHA M TRANG B I N

PHN I: QUY NH CHUNG
NHA XUT BAN LAO NG - XA HI

Chu trach nhim xut ban:
NGUYN NH THIM
Bin tp & chu trach nhim ni dung:
B CNG NGHIP
Chu trach nhim ban in, li & trnh by:
CNG TY MINH TU

Quy phạm trang bị điện - Quy Định Chung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quy phạm trang bị điện - Quy Định Chung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHA VIT NAM

QUY PHA M TRANG B I N

CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHA VIT NAM

Ha Ni, ngay 11 thang 7 nm 2006

Cn c Ngh nh s 55/2003/N-CP nga y 28 tha n g 05 nm 2003 cu a

Cn c Ngh nh s 179/2004/N-CP ngay 21 thang 10 nm 2004 cua

Phm vi p dng v nh ngha............................................. 1

Phm vi p dng v nh ngha........................................... 32

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Phm vi p dng ................................................................. 49

Chn dy dn v cch in, kim tra kt cu chu lc

IU KIN NGN MCH

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Phm vi p dng v nh ngha.......................................... 96

Phm vi p dng ..........................................................110

Phn I: Quy nh chung

o cng sut. ................................................................. 117

Ni t cc thit b in cm tay........................................ 143

Phm vi p dng v nh ngha......................................... 121

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

I.1.4. Trang b in trong nh: bao gm cc thit b in c

I.1.12. Cn c vo mc nguy him do dng in gy ra i

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

qu mc cho php theo bng I.1.1 v bng I.1.2.

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Bng I.1.2: Mc p sut m ti mt s v tr lm vic

Mc p Mc m cc cta di trung tn [Hz],

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

I.1.14. Bc x mt tri: Trang thit b in t trong nh c th b

Phn I: Quy nh chung

c s my bin p khng ln hn 3 v lng du cha

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

2. Vt liu chu h quang l vt liu khng thay i tnh

Bng I.1.3: Phn loi kt cu xy dng theo bc chu la

Cu kin lm bng vt liu

Cu kin lm bng vt liu

5. Vt liu chu ho cht l vt liu khng thay i tnh

Phn I: Quy nh chung

I.1.25. in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng bt k thi im

Gi tr in p gia pha vi t hoc gia cc pha, c tr

I.1.29. st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)

I.1.30. Dao ng in p (Voltage fluctuation)

Phn I: Quy nh chung

I.1.31. Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))

Hin tng khc nhau gia in p trn cc pha, ti mt

Phn I: Quy nh chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

Chng I.1: Phn chung

gia cc dng in ti hoc s khng i xng hnh hc