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Do you recall the visual elements of ar? They apply to all kinds of ar, but each artform uses them in special ways, Here area few things to remember as you create paint ings and look at them. Lines in paintings canbe the outlines or just edges Where two colors meet, The painted lines or edges can be sharp and clear or soft and blurred, Critics reer to this difference as soft-edge or hard-edge painting, Some Paintings are dominated by outlines and linear detail Others are dominated by color and free brushstrokes An historians speak of these differences as a linear style versus. painteriystyle, Golorand value can vary in many ways, Paintings may hhave few or many different hues. Colors can range from light to very dark in value. painting with dramatie lighting and shadows can differ in mood from one with closely related values. Chiaroscuro (say k-ar-roh-sxuH. oh) isan Italian term forthe dramatic use of light and dark, Golors can be used to creat a flat, abstract design of to capture shimmering qualities of ight and space, When ‘analogous colors (next to each other on the color whee), are placed close together, a painting “glows” with color Ifyou put small dots of pure colors next to each other, the eye will tend to see thers as mixed. This technique, called Points, was developed by the French paintet Georges Seurat, ‘exturesin paintings can be uniform or varied, smooth or rough. Acrylic and oil paints can be built up in thick layers to create actual textures, Paintings with very realistic details and textures are called trompe Facil) (say tromp toy), French for “fool the eye.” Space in paintings, as well as shapes and forms can be flat and abstract or give the illusion ofa three-dimen- sional world, Highlights, shadows and overlapping, shapes also help to suggest distance To create the illusion of space and distance artists ‘master the use of color for atmospheric perspective, Atmospheric perspective shovts the idea of a hazy distance. Background areas are painted with light, cool hhues and only little detail, Colors in the middleground and foreground are brighter, warmer and darker. More detail is added to the foreground than the middleground, What other techniques can you use to ereate the illusion of depth? Katsushila Hokus, Duck Stream, The seeping curves are placed at ntrasthat end your eye upward! through the stream ‘hich the ducks re swimming. Beith Museum London Ways to Design Paintings Think about the principles of design when you organize our Paintings. For example, you might want to ereate thellusion of reality. To do that, you will think about Proportions patterns and movernent in a naturalistic Yay. On the other hand, you might want your painting toexpressa definite, intense feling, or some unusual, imaginative idea based on fantasy When you decide on a general approach to your Painting you can make choices ofthe principles of thsign. You can ask, for example, whether the balance should be asymmetrical or symmetrical for your idea, You can decide whether to use exaggerated, normal ot ial proportions. Your idea can alsa help you make Ascisions about movement, pattern, and emphasisin Your painting. Think about the principles you might use ind how they can make your painting even better, {Fm Hisbhorn Mascum and Sulpture Garden, Smithsonian ‘ston, Git of foxeph H. Hirshhorn, inet Maker 957. Casein on paper, 30" 22" (77x Wiliam Harnett, Od Model, px Hows this composition ned? Wht sina can Youtindn this cmmposition Ad he overall desig of facob Lawrence's painting What kind ‘ot balance do you seein both PsiningsOifon canvas 5 287x710). The Museum ‘of Fine At Boston, Chases, Henry Hayden Fund la Cabo ery, Bride- Willows Bary Spring, 10s Pastels are often

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