Do you recall the visual elements of ar? They apply to all
kinds of ar, but each artform uses them in special ways,
Here area few things to remember as you create paint
ings and look at them.
Lines in paintings canbe the outlines or just edges
Where two colors meet, The painted lines or edges can be
sharp and clear or soft and blurred, Critics reer to this
difference as soft-edge or hard-edge painting, Some
Paintings are dominated by outlines and linear detail
Others are dominated by color and free brushstrokes An
historians speak of these differences as a linear style
versus. painteriystyle,
Golorand value can vary in many ways, Paintings may
hhave few or many different hues. Colors can range from
light to very dark in value. painting with dramatie
lighting and shadows can differ in mood from one with
closely related values. Chiaroscuro (say k-ar-roh-sxuH.
oh) isan Italian term forthe dramatic use of light and
dark,
Golors can be used to creat a flat, abstract design of
to capture shimmering qualities of ight and space, When
‘analogous colors (next to each other on the color whee),
are placed close together, a painting “glows” with color
Ifyou put small dots of pure colors next to each other,
the eye will tend to see thers as mixed. This technique,
called Points, was developed by the French paintet
Georges Seurat,
‘exturesin paintings can be uniform or varied,
smooth or rough. Acrylic and oil paints can be built up
in thick layers to create actual textures, Paintings with
very realistic details and textures are called trompe Facil)
(say tromp toy), French for “fool the eye.”
Space in paintings, as well as shapes and forms can be
flat and abstract or give the illusion ofa three-dimen-
sional world, Highlights, shadows and overlapping,
shapes also help to suggest distance
To create the illusion of space and distance artists
‘master the use of color for atmospheric perspective,
Atmospheric perspective shovts the idea of a hazy
distance. Background areas are painted with light, cool
hhues and only little detail, Colors in the middleground
and foreground are brighter, warmer and darker. More
detail is added to the foreground than the middleground,
What other techniques can you use to ereate the illusion
of depth?
Katsushila Hokus, Duck Stream, The seeping curves are
placed at ntrasthat end your eye upward! through the stream
‘hich the ducks re swimming. Beith Museum LondonWays to Design Paintings
Think about the principles of design when you organize
our Paintings. For example, you might want to ereate
thellusion of reality. To do that, you will think about
Proportions patterns and movernent in a naturalistic
Yay. On the other hand, you might want your painting
toexpressa definite, intense feling, or some unusual,
imaginative idea based on fantasy
When you decide on a general approach to your
Painting you can make choices ofthe principles of
thsign. You can ask, for example, whether the balance
should be asymmetrical or symmetrical for your idea,
You can decide whether to use exaggerated, normal ot
ial proportions. Your idea can alsa help you make
Ascisions about movement, pattern, and emphasisin
Your painting. Think about the principles you might use
ind how they can make your painting even better,
{Fm Hisbhorn Mascum and Sulpture Garden, Smithsonian
‘ston, Git of foxeph H. Hirshhorn,
inet Maker 957. Casein on paper, 30" 22" (77x
Wiliam Harnett, Od Model,
px Hows this composition
ned? Wht sina can
Youtindn this cmmposition
Ad he overall desig of facob
Lawrence's painting What kind
‘ot balance do you seein both
PsiningsOifon canvas 5
287x710). The Museum
‘of Fine At Boston, Chases,
Henry Hayden Fund
la Cabo ery, Bride- Willows Bary Spring, 10s Pastels are often