1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning

WCDMA Radio
Network Coverage
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
z
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the contents and process of radio network planning
Understand uplink budget and related parameters
Understand downlink budget and related parameters
Page1
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
3. HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page2
Capacity, Coverage, Quality

z
Capacity & Coverage
Users Cell Load Interference Level
Capacity
Cell Coverage
Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity
COST
Capacity & Quality
Users Cell Load Interference Level
Quality
Quality
Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity
Coverage & Quality
Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage
Page3
Coverage
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

z
Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network
Page4

z
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Radio network dimensioning includes coverage

dimensioning and capacity dimensioning
Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to

input requirements when the coverage and capacity are
balanced
Page5

z
Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Input
Capacity Related
-Spectrum Available
-Subscriber Growth Forecast
-Traffic Density
Coverage Related
-Coverage Region
-Propagation Condition
-Area Type Information
QoS Related
Number of NodeB
Carrier configuration
CE configuration
Iub configuration
-Blocking Probability
-Indoor Coverage
-Coverage Probability
Page6

z
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site Selection
Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to

determine:
Theoretical location of sites
Implementation parameters
Cell parameters
Page7

z
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Based on RND result, sites location, implementation parameters

and cell parameters, we should predict coverage results such as
best serving cell, pilot strength, overlapping zone
We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB number,

NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after analyzing the
coverage prediction results
Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters that should
satisfy coverage requirement
Page8

z
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Coverage by transmitter:
Display the best server
coverage
Coverage by signal level:

Display the signal level
across the studied area
Overlapping zones:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
Page9

z
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey
We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location is

not available
Based on experience , backup site location is selected in search

ring scope , search ring =1/4R
Page10

z
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user distributions

(snapshots)
By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection status and
rejected reason for each mobile
The example of Monte Carlo simulation:
Page11

z
The following takes coverage probability for an example to

further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed
1st snapshot
2nd snapshot
3rd snapshot
Simulation result
100%
20%
60%
100%
0%
75%
60%
40%
Page12

z
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)
Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by

incremental operation
Page13

z
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation
Measure and analyze results of multiple snapshots to have a

overall understanding of network performance
Handover Status:
Display areas depending on the
probe mobile handover status
Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):

Displays the pilot quality across
the certain area
Pilot Pollution:
Displays pilot pollution statistics
across the certain area
Page14
Contents
Page15
Contents
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Page16
Process of R99 Coverage Planning

z
Goal of R99 coverage planning
obtain the cell radius
estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage requirement

Start
Link Budget
Path Loss
Propagation model
Cell Radius
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB number
Total coverage area
=
NodeB coverage area
NodeB Number
End
Page17
9
Area = * 3R 2
8
3
Area = * 3R 2
2
Contents
Page18
Uplink Budget Principle

Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against Slow
fading
Pa
th
Lo
ss
SHO Gain against fast

fading
Fast fading margin
NodeB Antenna Gain
Body Loss
UE Antenna Gain
Cable Loss
NodeB
Sensitivity
UE Transmit Power
Penetration
Loss
Slow fading margin
Interference margin
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
UPLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Maximum
Allowed path loss
Margin
Loss
NodeB reception sensitivity
Page19
Element of Uplink Budget

1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )
The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power class of

the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP standard
The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally considered
due to their popularity in the market
Grade of UE power TS 25.101 )
Power Class
Nominal maximum output power
Tolerance
+33dBm
+1/-3dB
+27dBm
+1/-3dB
+24dBm
+1/-3dB
+21dBm
+2/-2dB
Page20

2. Body Loss ( dB )
For voice, the body loss is 3 dB
For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB
3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )
In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi
Page21

4. Penetration Loss ( dB )
Indoor penetration loss means the difference between the

average signal strength outside the building and the average
signal strength of first floor of the building
In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells provide an

effective solution for achieving a high degree of indoor
penetration
Page22

Sector Type
Gain of Antenna (dBi)
Omni
11
2 Sector
18
3 Sector
18
6 Sector
20
6. Cable loss ( dB )
- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna
Cable Loss
5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )
- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna

- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna
Page23

z
Path Loss and Fading
Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance
Long term (slow) fading - caused by shadowing
Short term (fast) fading - caused by multi-path propagation
Page24

7. Slow Fading Margin
Slow Fading Margin depends on
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge

The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required
Standard Deviation of Slow Fading
Probability Density
The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required
SFM required
Coverage
CoverageProbability
Probability@
@Cell
CellEdge:
Edge:
PPCOVERAGE (x)
= P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ] ]
COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > F
threshold
Without SFM
With SFM
Fthreshold
Received Signal Level [dBm]
Page25

8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading
SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case
SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability
SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO
SHO Gain Against SFM
(dB)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Standard deviation=11.7
Path loss slope=3.52
98%
95%
92%
90%
85%
Area coverage probability
Page26

9. Fast Fading Margin
Fast fading margin
required to guarantee fast power control
the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER requirement
Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC
Uplink case: UE moves

towards the edge of the cell
Page27

10. SHO Gain against Fast fading
SHO gain against fast fading reduces the Eb/No requirement
SHO gain against fast fading leads to a gain for reception

sensitivity
SHO gain against fast fading exists for both uplink and downlink
(Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is 1.5dB)
SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO Eb/No with SHO
Page28

11. Interference Margin in Uplink
Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

N oiseR ise = 10 L og 10 (1 U L )
Higher cell load leads to heavier interference
Interference margin affects cell coverage

NoiseRise(dB)
Interference Curve in Uplink
[dB ]
50% UL Load 3dB

60% UL Load 4dB
75% UL Load 6dB
UL Load
Page29

12. NodeB Reception Sensitivity
Re ceptionSen sitivity = N th + NF + E b / N 0 PG
Nth : Thermal Noise
NF: Noise Figure
Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality
PG: Processing Gain
Page30

Nth : Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by environment

and equals to:
N th = 10 log( K * T * W )
KBoltzmann constant, 1.3810-23J/K
TTemperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K
WSignal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
Nth = -108dBm/3.84MHz
Page31

NF: Noise Figure :
For Huawei NodeB, latest NF is 1.6dB
For commercial UE, typical NF is 7dB.
Page32

PG: Processing Gain :
Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate, and the detail
formula is present below:
chip rate
Pr ocess Gain = 10 log(
)
bit rate
Page33

Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to

maintain service quality
Eb/No is obtained from link simulation
Eb/No is related to following factors
Service type
Multi-path channel model
User speed
The target BLER
Page34
Contents
Page35
Downlink Budget Principle

Antenna Gain
Pa
th
Lo
ss
SHO Gain against Slow

fading
Slow fading margin
SHO Gain against fast

fading
Fast fading margin
NodeB Antenna Gain
Body Loss
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Transmit Power
CableLoss
Penetration
Loss
UE
Sensitivity
Interference margin
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Maximum
allowed path loss
Margin
Loss
UE reception sensitivity
Page36
Element of Downlink Budget

z
Interference Margin in Downlink

NoiseRise =
I total PN + I own + I other No + ( + f ) PMax DL / CL

=
=
PN
PN
PN
Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the interference

ratio of other cell to own cell
Interference margin is equal to noise rise

Interference Margin
IM(dB)
30.00
25.00
=0.6, f
PMax=20W,
= 1.78,
DL = 0.9
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
CL(dB)
Page37
Case Study : R99 Uplink Budget
Page38
Case Study : R99 Downlink Budget
Page39
Contents
Page40
Link Budget Difference of HSDPA and R99

z
Coverage Requirement
R99: Based on target continuous coverage service
HSDPA: Based on cell edge throughput
Simulation KPI
R99: Connect Success Rate, Coverage Probability, Pilot Pollution

Proportion and SHO
HSDPA: Cell Average Throughput and Cell Edge Throughput
Page41

z
Target Network Load
R99: DL target load should be set to 75%
HSDPA: DL target load can be raised to 90%
Cell total power
75%
HSDPA
power
Cell total power
R99 DCH Power
90%
CCH
R99 DCH Power
More power
to ensure
R99 capacity
CCH
time
time
Page42

z
Other Parameters
R99:
Power control margin should be considered.
SHO gain should be considered.
HSDPA:
Power control margin need not be considered.
SHO gain should not be considered for HSDPA.
Other elements: Number of HS-PDSCH, HSDPA power, etc.
Page43
HSDPA Deployment Strategy

Mature Phase
Focus on:
HSDPA+R99
f2
HSDPA+R99
R99+HSDPA
f1
R99+HSDPA
R99+HSDPA
HSDPA+R99
f2
R99
f1
R99+HSDPA
R99
Urban
Suburban & Rural
HSDPA Performance
Initial Phase
Focus on:
HSDPA coverage
no impact on R99
Hot Spot & Dense Urban
Page44
HSDPA Link Budget Categories

HSDPA+R99
HSDPA Throughput Requirement
Guarantee R99 CS Traffic Capacity
R99
Not Change R99 Coverage
R99 requirement should be met first, and then HSDPA throughput !

HSDPA+R99
HSDPA Throughput Requirement
No WCDMA
R99/R4 Capacity, Coverage Requirement
R99 and HSDPA requirement should be met simultaneously !
Page45
HSDPA Link Budget Element

z
DL Coupling Loss
DL _ CouplingLo ss = PL _ DL + Lf _ BS Ga _ antenna + Lb + SFM NSHO + Lp
Cell edge Ec/No
Ec
= 10 log(
No
PHS DSCH
( + f ) DL Pmax
+ 10
DL _ CoupleLoss NF Nt
10
Page46
HSDPA Link Budget Principle

z
Goal of HSDPA link budget
The HSDPA link budget is usually based on the R99 link budget to get the
cell edge throughput in downlink
The HSDPA cell edge throughput need to be calculate depend on

simulation results, which is related with cell edge Ec/No
Page47
Simulation Conditions
Channel model-TU3
5 codes

z
According to R99 Cell Radius and HSDPA Power Allocation,

calculate Cell Edge Throughput
R99 Network Cell Radius
Downlink Path Loss
Downlink Coupling Loss
Ec/No at Cell Edge
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLoss-TxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+
RxCableLoss-RxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
HSDPA power
Ec
= 10 log(
No
PHS DSCH
( + f ) DL Pmax + 10
Simulation Results
Cell Edge Throughput

Page48
DL _ CoupleLossNFNt
10

z
According to Cell Edge Throughput requirement and HSDPA

Power Allocation, calculate HSDPA Cell Radius

Simulation results
Ec/No at Cell Edge

Downlink Path Loss
HSDPA Cell Radius
HSDPA power
PHS DSCH
( + f ) DL Pmax
Ec
No
DL _ CoupleLoss =
NFNt
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLoss-TxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+
RxCableLoss-RxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
Page49

z
According to Cell Edge Throughput requirement and Cell Radius,

calculate HSDPA Power
Cell Radius

Simulation results
Ec/No at Cell Edge
Downlink Path Loss
PHSDPA = PHS DSCH + PHS SCCH

=
( DL _ CoupleLoss Nt NF + ( + f ) DL Pmax )
Pmax
HSDPA Power
Page50
Ec
No + P
HS SCCH
Case Study HSDPA Link Budget

z
Assumption:
Downlink maximum path loss: 129.06 dB
Cable loss : 0.5 dB
NodeB antenna gain : 18dBi
Penetration loss : 20dB ( required in indoor coverage )
Body loss : 0 dB
Slow fading margin without soft handover gain against SFM : 13.1
Page51

z
Assumption:
Channel type: TU3
Non-orthogonality factor: 0.5
Adjacent cell interference factor: 1.78
HSDPA code resource: 5
Cell radius: 0.36 km
UE Category: 8
Max transmitter power of downlink: 20000 mW
Total power of HSDPA: 6000 mW (30% downlink power allocation)
Page52

z
According to the assumption above, the DL Coupling Loss for

HSDPA is calculated below:
DL _ CouplingLo ss = PL _ DL + Lf _ BS Ga _ antenna + Lb + SFM NSHO + Lp
= 129.06 + 0.5 - 18 + 0 + 13.1 + 20 = 144.66dB
Cell Edge Ec/No will be carried out base on equation below:

Ec
= 10 * log(
No
= 10 * log(
PHS DSCH
+ f ) DL Pmax + 10
DL _ CoupleLoss NF Nt
10
6000
( 0 . 5 + 1 . 78 ) * 0 . 9 * 20000 + 10
144 . 66 108 . 16 + 7
10
) = 10 . 2 dB
Base on the simulation result, the Cell Edge Throughput for HSDPA
can be obtained is 173.80 Kbps
Page53
Thank you
www.huawei.com

1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WCDMA Radio

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the contents and process of radio network planning

Understand uplink budget and related parameters

Understand downlink budget and related parameters

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Capacity, Coverage, Quality

Capacity & Coverage

Users Cell Load Interference Level

Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity

Capacity & Quality

Users Cell Load Interference Level

Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity

Coverage & Quality

Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Radio network dimensioning includes coverage

Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site Selection

Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to

Theoretical location of sites

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Based on RND result, sites location, implementation parameters

We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB number,

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Coverage by signal level:

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey

We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location is

Based on experience , backup site location is selected in search

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation

U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user distributions

The example of Monte Carlo simulation:

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

The following takes coverage probability for an example to

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation

Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)

Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.