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D(
METODE DE
ANALPI DITLEAfE
TN LABoa.ATONUL
DE ATOCHTMIE MEDTCO.SAMTAN.I
i!.11,! folostt lll laboBronl de blochlmi m.Al@-6ah1n!tc. foleli. $ gEnoral ln chlDte. El.
au lolt adapt8le cri.l.lo. I omlonlui hdtcal. Avhd b ved.r6 ma!.. dtvoF
Blkt6 A alalllelor m6dlco-.eitere. fapaul cl a.e.ta dall4 .. ea.outd, ln nurn[I toalto m..e, uori so qeuq nr he!! tu colectivlilfl (rcolt, i roi6,
o.z[mi), procun 9t mo.llt{tea c! rezultltu] .!!ll!61 .I llo ott hal !.iEdo
ouo.cut, pmhu .3e put, hn m&ulrto d. !tBorr6. ln laholatoi!] d6 o}lhr6
hedico-Bdtta s-!u ldart t nclode d. chimt cu un speciftc dMlt. S6 P!lor, h.@dole r.plde, care nu n{eslrl u volm m.re d6 luoru, !e por x6d-
Metodele d,6
ia cu !*cttvl ce de p&culd uqor, cu Bta.lle al aDoEtuli l4l m6,m6tod6le o.!e 3u totugt o ..n.lbtlit!t6 !i sFclflcitrte .uficl4t6.
D!p! cE 6{ u{rat !n cryitolql pEod@r, araliza chhlc[ .Ei. d
dou! f6lu r drllza ehtmtcn caUtativn d daltz. chimic! cdtitattvi. in la[o!Etorll de btochihte Ee brGeqi. atft e.ltza @lttltlvI (r@Doagielea colpulut
clutat ,! prodEul de a.Urat) cit qi e&lua cstiiativU (dozaea co+ulut cau-
t.t
tn pEduul de @1tzat).
A,
ANALIZA CALIrATTVT
ollsrlce,
aF
d6
i!
c6ea
hstodr de
1. U@g-BE&e
Metodele crLrblce de ,Dsltre
Be
(lgsj! see.
-l5rr,
Mt d
iL i&-dfrc.E r rrMr
lddd8.}at@ (rlrDsi.El
irl.@.I b u.td. lGt dete EUd6 utrlt!@zI pEprtot.ra lcdsltoso a gtrE'er,
M.toala FeLtilg
d6
r6dw6
AI@oEt
odd cu_
Eeu
lti tl !s
obrtlo
-160-
R
I
Cu
o-r-o-coor.zl
-OB
Cu_OE
%"i>
\on
b,
M6tod6 d
R@uoa.telor pet6tnoto!
tr !.tp! s. boleazl , prrclpttsr.s prot6i!olo! car !6 gNlslc h el'rf6 corord.U nl !nnl. tn prsret! idirtlor, sub
SmI d. s.td iibulDl rEotuhu!.
PFba
rcld .ulio.dlcrtrc.
n63cuvtr dolullo d.
g6
pl.k
azl
tl .tbu
pt_
2,
M6roito Olrce
..
Meiode 8p6ctrcs.oplc
Ll.
Umeaztr
u.i.t@
F {flg,59)
Et
o lo,nl! co!E!a.Dt!
do prtsme P.
PlB.59. S@twcoFd.
'
Luhtna alh! d. h .lre A CtEDdo prt! t@tttr L2 tt osro d.lcompuod de p!tuEo tl udlrtlfle c@!ddt3 ,e ce @blril h oh.6s! plh fst! r,
trt{
.!.ct& Ier@s.
Pq:m pleFa b .ytda$ r .Fct-dd do r!.EtBo .e DEpard o &!t$. de od[G&oglobin!. plir tdedusla @i rt6l6,n ire s&g6 ndr{ e!E-
.{ r!@iotut h
h.Eogtobhtr
idul,
d culoar vtol&c..
olfl
c.
oxlhmoglobtDot.
y.
da
L, C, &.
b, Met d6 bslt
pe hodidcaEa
tn6luti @rnci,to
-163lomall, cdtr.reh de $lI prute.c l! suprat rd Daclui!a @nti! ptEa@lt blllili, teo6t@a supetf,clalt a dilet sclde tt crbtalele d6
suff nu hai sltlt mDltrtte l& supnitg tt cad nrcet 8Pe port a do lod i licbtdulut.
vllf
c,
s!atul{, Ia urlla
Metoda cNpatoFrrtrc!
oolp
gilit i! prdu.).
B- ANALIZA CANTI'I'ATIVA
-r6a_
.. volmotli.
Etuuficl 6.te o heioat! ito s!U!I odt rirl' btu F
radFr cttbtco 6t*but cu .orqu ftrii. nlluet h votr., @.&d tt iL_
t6rmlur! @llmdur do BbrvalaE cu aru0olrit hdlc.ro.uot. fo
,.&.eaq h
uoiodi rero@tltol @!F{ d6 ,lrlrzir s. sl! rt dr@lv.t b .otu$6 & e6_
tr.tt !.clDo.out!. cu.Juionrl @t etugr ur!ar., r clllr eh.r.rg td b
t to$. @ oorFr d. u.lt rt, . lNinb. o r.a.l6 oLtD&t.lb Dt .. 6 h!
E Falrt sl@1. rb .ohts c.E ru htEr h r.o$. !&I h .&rt ts$.r, oaE .n! uELtl @ .Jrbrur tlato.t r[or.
Yotnr.trt utG o ucrodt.iblrf ar ..pldl. Erta n o
d t. crM6bodr
-105ta.ad Et{DrElol .. !!du6. L o .tDptl !t!r.. I n&.t r&l dlorrr.d!ir. d. o.ntrr$. otelottt ((trrrll.
Cll!r.6u oe.6t!.S. ror$.r {tr.r. tl toltlld r...r.ri blo.lt hgarrrt, .. !od. ctloulr o.ltlt t. iL ruh.t !g.rlttatl b.olugr & rdlrrr.
ir rol@.tr!. .. blo..ro &luFl ntIrb !o!rn!L, @ [!n{dt ru .ubmuldDu,
d.ort6. a..t rorn$l .ht.Gtlvrlot , lrt odoulrtcr .. tro..u nlilu uaLtr!b$. Cr ryt?rtul..t r.....rl o t{u.tt, lD Firt B.!r.Uur fiu rrh!!.y., lt o Fb.tf trrdtll. P.otlu r.. !ri.r bhr.S. brl Ur. hdorL volunr*
ol !. .!I urEli.rul d.InDlur .. ..r. rI r rA o. trt . d. NroH aulotv.tl
bi!-o .oufl.. 8. h htI".!i Fhl! oUldhlo d rFonuruv OO ml rEl votu d.
10 El &luB! d..iidtrrt tt t. drllgl r-2 pb&ud lorr$. r!rm..or r%r !. vi
oolon b .lb.t!r. Dbtr.o biutctl .. d.ut[ o rotu$. llcr n, .sred del n cuo tsollr .Chd r!rr!. /o!trt! il6 ECr . pF(t,, vtrma iDdio.toetul d6 lr
dh.dE rr !o'u, ttt .r.. oprttb, ln acst momt 6{ afl@ t'Fatd iL.chrur@g; t.r.$a ,-. D6h.cut dioltn ec!.flcl.
lc
lt Os + IIcl
Nrcl
+ s2o
16 &De
b n!.tt
dc
Frud
ib
,lt$r
v. o6tl!.
Ir!! .our!. d. Ed ru. !.zultt ol D6tnr o !.!.tr. ooDpLd, utl .6hlNrOH. con 0!6 p!o!rr.d$ba.oruflilot Elrad. (.ohtvd.ot ), 1r 10116. osiL 06sl oErtrtr .oblval.o-
ttt
to
lil
IICI folGtfl ta
drDft
10
vi @restedo o .eiitste
ea_
Patn
.!
dtrtrt
Dlfrl lllr
de @qtr
616
st_
diltr. &lri qi td. hn acidihetflo
wtuhetrictr de n@t!dlr@ prl! cr!. s6 dtemrn! cofltr-
Mto<1616 ale
f.l .L-!@e
.e ba,@I
6 trtslos metod.
.toa.Iimt"t6r
po
Eeg
e6te losJte
!tti{
solurt6 a
E t
bats 86
pulj! di3@Iag.
oE_+H+=H2o
in mootttur crrd !r{nr de l@i E+ devire egnl 4 ndE l de 1@I
oE-, soiu$a deviDe neutd {!u Mt 6t nici lcidla dcl lezict) MoEetn 1!
c@ solutia a ilovelit Mrtrd se n@9to I.&t do 4LtBl6t!'
PEctur d @hl"alsil b ootod, de rstBu,ale se po'te otFem cu
uqurtrtl @ ajutonr inilteatortlor de pll, ()aE i9t schtmbl culoalea
i! scidtmetri, cetttat & ilc &id loate E detetulDai{ p'tn lddu8Eea
rt Dlech,l de 4trnl6tt.
ir alcaliatrle, cutttets de bertr Doete fl detolbhEtd prin adtrugEEe
rl[.I solusl al Actd p&! l! FDctul .b ecn&alel!.
Prl! btod4 lulr.lirlltii se pot flco deteml]ntr 9i de '[N't o're
r.!oId6ar! h totalttat6 {@tthtrg 66 @ Aclzlt, n. N bo,tc D 6x6Eplu'
@l
6o1usl
ttlEt.
il b.rd Dto!
curbe de
168
pH-ulul nu -se
ate
E+ scid trprat,
oeEu
Dgulat,
I)inc
cld .ceuc cu irds,id de sortir) se obsert o varhto
Eare gi
c@trstioi iolilor E+. to!{ dul{ dplgtra pndli
= 10. culba de
bruc! . @_
!e!tE, tDrre pE = ? qt llt :
61.
-..\_
,e44,
Fig,60. Curba de tit sre
eql aclil t!! cu o bazi taia
to leutGuzaEa
tr@ tn Eicg.
d6
n6utrElt2aE diatre o
actd
ei-
bazl Blebtr cu
it!gb!6a pEcrutut de
elrvaraE.
d6
Dac! to
@std lolulre md
so sdeusa
s-
U-
,
t! r.ctiitc & !orE!!99. ln caplio1ll prGda. 84 lttrrrt c! tu sumtto
ceud, plnctlil rle ehr.ares N cBle s6lad cr pmc119,63; Crba d6 tl
tul ilo ratlallt.to {h oral Bqinltrlrtt dd etd slab
tralo b !o.cE. d
4 o narl tqr 9t . u.r r,or. .lit6 @ aald t !.), et Mtrrrt.r iultrs
@ .cad .bb .u o
plnbd d
r.grrD.i rfcdhl 6!r h c@ .ciig'S
Do s6a, b rqcqtre de tEtr{rir@ e tts
! inFlt3lg alasoEr ildrc.bEr[i, c{E & rsce to n@s do cubd de titr*
AIo3Ela trdroibrllor
lo! d.
bldrog@ a eluEei
iL .Eltat.
toDl-
ds
Ca semplu do
-172-
:#.H
c.E
E ,atd !t!b.
carcul. N@.!rlil de ht ito NaoE Vlo lolorrF s. iduti.& oo roor
dcou&6 ,{u tlt h Dah.r NE t 10 Et suh 4r Brdltlfirl 86 dDdEl h Ect
L l 000 rnl !E ga.tda.
le qti. cl 1 b1 t{sOH n/10 @rr.dizeezd r Dt sot.Ect !/rot!!e!e
SE 0,00r!5 g IICU.
ieulfld lMlflr
do Druuld N. de NaoE !/r0 folost! la Htr6a rctdttl$i lftele @ too qt 0,0(a65, s. ob$@ actdftlre. lrh6rlhgIlClt
tite.
hEdthd !u&{iql dc hl N2 116 Nlorr ,10 folo.rs t& tn!a!@ &rdi{$r 6DH_
D.t6 cu 100 d @ 0,0036s, !6 obqE eci&taroa @hbintt{ e ucdut gs.ffc b
g ncl la r 000 bt.
AitDlnil &t.Utet! titDr! cu aci.ttr&t6a @mbtlaitr, 6e ob$n6 etditator
II
a sEutur
1o!).
Metodo
rcltletnce
do oJddo4ttEere
(ond&.tli&)
tt !ed@E Bht ba2Et p les.fltle it ,xklo-{dEoE o@ so Drodrc &t!e doq{ ebsrets (dlire c!t3 @ 5a Dwrbond.r6,
t r .trl3lt! riluclio!), d .Jurorrt rD6t lotrlu Otlstc. Acst6 E b.ts .6 h.r
!'!Erc * ord<tib6rdce, d@rMa d4d c@ so v. vEar!, iterErEr tolcFtlor
.rt dltx .16 lubstuto caro @ rt de oxiikit h Eacs{ rs.potivI.
Clar6.a!.{ borodelo! de oxtito-reitqcE . &ce ih4d tl-nhh& 6uh_
.t!!Ffo! ondut . Alt el se .Usdlg @6oder6: D6mlnSElohetrtcl, ioito@trtc!,
etulto@trlcg, beEBro@tde!, bro@etrrc!, c6iiD.dc{, dt@@iric! b
,
c.t ondetut ost r{p.c{v pomalgr.lator ds lorasau (Eirroa), bin bi.s,
@hr d.6 !or.!lu {r2cr2o?)' te@hil .t Ftl.ru ((B!o3)' Mostecd ite bobit gl b,@E! de potarh (KBro3 + KBr)' dtedte oeddut t3rt.vaLot, Ble_
db tttamlui trtvara .
Metodele it4 oxtdae
- t?l' -
lgt&a
SOa +
t!r!8oa +
tlro
+ 60
Ao.t{ 5 .!oDl il6 oate6 .ald.gl 10 6El .i. Udro!6. D..l 2 @letL .i, loboa octit d 1o rioEl .L tt&.g!, o @t6ll v! odrtr 5 rtoEl
it htd!'olE. E.Dir.Latul{la d Xlihot y. n d!6I grttdda @f-!l.tt .
l&oa+lB2rca*iclottra
- lblor
+ tq8oa +
8E2o+ locot
@l6de & (MnO{ ondoaz! 5 @tecd6 d6 C2O4E2, &.t so}.tsi6l6 stst etrvlroDto tt .cestl prcFltt. i! 6olug 6 norrr6 h.rllFle s
A|!Bc tocmd b eor!r.[ propol$e. A.ifel, oolival@tul-eaam al !.m!Dsm!tu. holeulail KMiO
llluI de pot !,! er.
td ehlvsldtul-a@ al actdF
2
lur
d.llc 6i.
-------i-------!,
10
KIfIO
Er lu cu8ug d
10 c o tr
tO
c!
roo
nl it!
3%
}r gfdtsto).
volmetrlci
b) loilom6trta te o moiodl
A.tt 1, d.
re&fla
xmpru,
zs-o1-
BerctDa
de oxido-le&cos,
s2O3N!2 + 2J =.S4O6Na2
- t-=
bom
+ 2NsJ .au
s,o1- , z,t-
8- -,rr.2J
Bub
tomtr 1610!:
-8
rldli[ cl ,2 .-i !.du. h 2tu pdn hlrtr! larchil notatlv, iar g2S
oxld8t
S pdn
o-
.-.a
uot
Echivaldtll-grah
,.1
toddul
ro6a atohtc[ a J
oBte
li
se
Bo-
baloD cotat
trta-u
die
dEe la sem
tod qi
cu aD! bt-
Detemtlea f&tohlui
de
r 12 =
2Nar +N!2s4%
777
ig
Mtoda
Roacria
K2CI2O7 + 6KJ +
rllzso4-aJ2
+ c!2{so4)3
4K2SO4
+lH2O
N'2s4o6
-178facro.ul de
@89. rl &l!gs,
de tro.ulrir
= 0.988r.
3) Metod. volMsdc6 de
h s: -#i-
oErDrt,r
!acrll chtrrc6
AC
b.logd = Mloadu.l
de As pBtpttat.
Etu4
Deard. Bolubtlttata pr@tdktelor @i .i. b ftDcF6 9t de tonIEfilnd Dlopolitdall .u,c@r., s @oe.Ddtr c, het dele h .rs6ro-
-l?9rehie s!
6e tucrezo
l! tuc!!d @i, sb
15oC' temperahru
lt
care preclpi-
rt@iile
ce
'rgetrtomet
tn
timpul
ttG
tlillrll su cdacte! colotdal 9i a! 'toci pEprlet{li tdsorbete' De acea'h
pul tltllrtt se v. agrr3 Frtetft neod de @ctie peDlru ' lmpiedtca ad_
i !u @r fl
soltlia lonilor de a4ini Bau d6lalospn; 'stfel' rezuttatete titr!
se poate ltce
In .!8ntoBehle' del.mlntla pldctdur de ehivsldi[
se u'bdlette cu tts_
pnnul
sau dtrect .4q.! alutonl Mi lndtcato' t!
'az
l! c!re du s mrl fomeaz[ precDttar ln
,l tttraroa, ph! s prlnde nom'nrd
prindeiee ac66tul momont e!_
vasul d6 roaott (reac$e erte complet!) iltocll
ln placttcl te
folosegie
lndlcator'
nu in timpr'1
ndea re.clt6t ile pr@tDlrde dinrE hdogeni gI lDii de arglnt !l
nu do pue la
!6acriel, crnttteta do c&ttt .16 lotaitu addu4Er! ca indlc&to!
potaEtu 10% pent4
lntiEpl&t, .t !e s@te* c@ o'5-r Dl solu$e ce@ai de
fiocsle so ml sotuii
totoBi
Be
pot
Ca tndrcrrort do ad6olh$
cl -
r81
tdrilul
KNO!
(1)
tt &rtet d. !6dit'
snrttiul roaos6l .o !o.t e6d6e fotostrd ca ldlcato" alault da n6r
g im@iu. DupI pEctplt$.s hrhuot tdnor ae eg' ronu 'to to'lunst cNs- dh
prllr! ptclturE d orbEt h ircs ioos.'! 6dd'6{ d' nt l'rlc)' 0l!6 cc
lor6az! rolufA tr Etu. Raclta so prcdrc6 d!$ 6cu!B3:
!6ru1t! !od.!at de trglbt
(2)
(3)
t6 titEazd 6q ajutorul rcdeatdur lsdnoatauilul d6 fle! ir aboDru, d!p! !6ac!! (r) {r (2), ptlE
lE apltlia sdorii e!tl. c@6.tud oaairatea de azotlr de Elgtrl latEhrbtst
la !!@ipiia& Et carrftatea d uotar de argtnt r!@6 tu xcs, se
loate ds_
ih&e odtltat6a d6 rzot&r d ugtnt c!} a Eacsouat cu clofudlo
tt 4 clon ,
tar ln feciie d6 &easltr cdtillre se calcrileaz! clotulile clolul, de obicol,
,i
sub tom4 de NaCl Elu ctMetoda cu lodeat se !!ttc! p@iru dolalos ctoerllo" !r stogE
9t udcisurii) ln
p!6z6nle
n{.
oa plecipit8lea
3e oplette
Se qtie
O,OO5s5
g NaCl,
bl
133 -
n/ro (15 - s = 6)
6 mI .olutle AgNOg !/1O dot6ml!6 prctpttd6a iondd
solu$o ASNOS
0,00686 E
in 6
x 6 = 0,03610 s
urin! a
Cl-
dtr
NaCl.
s Nacl.
0osi d6 2 000 mr
24 de
o!6.!4u.1t-
s Nrcr.
!4eq!e-egsdss!89!!g:
ldlu i.u
oholator III.
ComDl6roNl
0,01 n
(u^o
V100).
ccnpl.renul ItI a!. o L!g! udulaft h chtnl5 !!!Uttc! rt !r htoollmlr m.dlco-!.ntii*, D@t}u ol !st6 loluh(l tl dI oomDlectl 60 t ltabtlt.
PrDotul ds 6.htv.lot! a.l Fsog6l do @mplciaro .!te pus h ovld.nt!
@ .Ju!o!d i[drcab!flor @mal6xonomeidor.
Ildlcat rlt tr @ppldoohoirl6 Eht8ubstets oare foooe! cu catjoEll
@mpuEi bt43 ooroletl 6otutdu nl apB. Aeoqtt tnitloatorl slrt cololNr! olgatrlci tl 60 @t !@63c tndicatoll motalocFrrlct.
lab t
d[Wea compllorlui, ton[
m6t ]Uci sr rIEtue tixafl de indicator, Esio nece.a! ca iond motaltc 3n stb6 s.ffnttat nar r@r. faF d6 cohDloxo! ilocii Ia_
DlntB nume&9lt indrcstolt lotostfl in comptq@msrlt6, tn laborErolEl d biochlmto cel mai imponet 6to mu&i1nrl, D,! Duot d v6doE ohlhl. @t6 erea do amonl! & &idului pupEto. S folosotro ahosi6oat @ cto_
Nm de dodtu tu prcpo#e do 1Oo I clorur{ d soiUu 9t u gr.a hdloeior rnq-
Tltrrlea complerdometltcI !e
tl
tr rudtu sloatin,
doa!c6
ottru ..
po.t6
6rsctu&26
modtco-Bettad, pntru
tlltt
dozarGa
apol
tr
!*ssrt
u!
ooE_
Itr
aDE
d*
ti I
o o solugo Nao[ 10% !nl! ce so claltactr, s6 (}m!ter6az{ epot ou sp[ btiUBillat! plnd la !6mn t& 1 Ooo ml; t ht solutlo 6oDpldo!, ittr6@I O,z hg calsotEfl. de comDlexon
calciE plopalrtd ln
-185t d. oalolu p.a. N!{ as!ulU. d6 lort la, spot se sdaus[ r d ECI
cmosnhat. Ss vepod 6r{ la Eoele @Dp16t!. So dtzolel loztduul ilo olonr! ita oalotu c6 !-a foEat b apI dBtrbt! tl 86 t!.co btrt !alo! ootat d6
1 ooo El. so spal! do .ltova ori cspsule @ apd btilkdlat! gI 86 aduco .Dot la
6ema Ia 1 000, Eolufs 1 cdI. le 1 El 0,8 Eg calctu, Pdtlu tltrars,.olutla .s (ulresz!. 1/10 (E volu .9iutl6 cu I rc1u lpl btdisiltet!, ex0!t mle
rsi6), L. 1 Dl .olufle d6 lee, E coDliE 0,08 I o6lotu, d6ot 5 6l&luFo tl
cdbon
carbonst ea
va
tttia
Itr
,100,
Mottul do
usE
luofl.
0,1rnl, lolufl.
s dluoazl 2
NaOE
dl
s6r
n pntru alo..UnllAts
tl ut ltrI
d .peiul!
d. ln-
olldo.
M.iod6 .Lotrc.hlE1oe al
tlhar.
t!
lood h(ucatof;tlo! df6Ilto D6tod6 sIcttoclrEtuo, Dehtru a .o stablll puctul d chlv..l6t! !r Facullor vorum.tdc. AslLl, fololild D6tod! de titraE poidqoBtdc!, to funo$. il 00!06-
tli$i
irh
6160-
tmdur de
p!6crdtar6
tl
decft
b.
utiXzoar6
azonotlta
O@ohetfta .ste o m.ro.t! chimtc! de amlrz!
tt.tsr
g!_
slserte
!@.8 I
ru
dsoomFu.lo .ut8tulE 6sr. <r.scohprB! ftrr{
rI (re!t cu d.grj.F de grr).
.r,o
gd
at
il
.\
,,.M2
-*,
toa de
- sNroBr,
2NaoH
tm
de 22,41
Dacd
22
d4
aai x S
graDo
4o $l
.!0 Dl . . -..,........
!bl ....,,.....,.,
14,008 g
ag
" ndrra.008
.c=____67
h gEm., ttlhd o[ h
60. D.ot !6 E bnds
rt.l
fo tunoflc ae 8r.t
c.n6t
r..
d!6
ust
9t
tr!, p6ta .loistblnltuo ga-mttlc B. blo!.Et b laborato.rl cllllc .pulrtd romr.k, tt bilEte Vu Slyt6.
4!9IE!Ugjt!I!4 (qM@trsl roBty, fl8-65) .to iomat dlrt!{
tulr d6 sitcli
lomu d U, @ <bul ruort a d b. naBui& a sste !revlzui[
'!
S lsrto BuFdou! cu s et @t 11 rth .dcl!. Dco6+ro tbtn6tdd, bttdl oe
te Fadrt ld billlrhr 9t zetbt do Dllllltri 9r Dr9olt5 p6.tru D!!ur!r6a 30lugilo! c6 t!t!I h r6!c$..
Sub obiletul rt, rdturs arj @ ihaietn Dlo!o!.t, tI 6st6 Eradad ln
,u lttrl El dlvtzlut d,e clte 0,02 ol. A@tI !o!H@ B6w69i trEts detoiCa aper
-$3hhlsa Flhdut
no
rlot d.g.Jrr
dlD
l@
c, qlivtmstrts
Flg.65. ApF
M.todr gnvh.trrcl {gaaum6irt.) o.te o m6rod! oUhtc! d slrlr! canttenv!, bor .I p otrtldloa Lnd produ!
illolubil (!!6otpttar) cs!. e iozultat h urla @t EacFt chlmrco
trrre oolDul
stq.
tl E !6eottv .!6ol8c,
in g!.vrm6ido, rlehn6 6!.e clerscl rsacF. chthtcd car
sls loc
leactlv 9t corpUl d. .toz!t, procun
,t cobpolrSa p!olpttetulul Ezliltar,
d6 dozat
ttro
r.
e i.eilvul
h6lo.rot
ghvlDetrrco
6otos1t6
qq.ttcurt., h
-l3s_
1. loooc, b.c ilo EB, {a4lu.N Du!o), s!trtrror l4t!tc, DrF6dt, stadY6,
cuptoaE lo.tatce, c@t!lnla{, milre, crelte Datlu c@.t., indgliat ds
poltple ql b..ldF @rrtr.{.
ullrc
gEvlm.ticn 6tni
- o!i!"l!e.;
- Linod, Plelfltatul 6t ctlctneti
r oalcrila!6a lotultatdd.
Rozdtatd r!dr!6t dspinde d. aolul .m 3$l deculat olDlalill. &
gravlhoEal ,u!, Rospect.re. Btllct{ s cddtttllor lndlc.to D3nln o s.lld
tltotr 6.t6 d. ma!3 tnportand. EFrl ctre li DrtEA vd6E p!! !! fls nohsd!.te D.t.L !o!ulht6 rufodce d6 rorltt te
l) PEDar.!6. pohot ilo u.irzs! 6st de o d@.ebl!I ihponsli.Prlma
tspd a p!6gdltdt oste recoltiretr prcbet. A.tf6l, ln laborat ldl culio de mult
olt s6 d6trmid gralrmfic prlte,n 1e pllshatt.e. ln &.t caz 6Bt n6c6.ar
antl.oagdda (do ohicel, oxalat d. pot lu 2 %), leBpectlidu-E slrlct iDdlcaE& d. rocoltarla 1 ml
solugc dllco.gueid se rocolteazl dicr 9 bl stogE tl .o agttl uto!. ln a
doua el[p6, 6lngel6 Dacossulabll ste cdhuugat, Dclitu a 3e 8p.ra F1a6E& de
eleh6Dile ftsirato. ututrr..rea 6t pI *te destar6. pls6et.
Bd
se scoltezo strge
pe o @luS.
2)@
s6 obttm
p!
adluBerea
cu sub3tdta de dozat
BerzeliB, Erl.mver.ao ln
c@6de, de Ed6 Be pot 6@at u!or. P@ipitsoa tEbuie 3tr fie lota.I! 9i d
mod,l dm e6te exeotet! dt llde ezuftaid daliei. Do .c664 trebuie cuog.ute cddilifle S c.!6 e qdttr p@t tarE. etdl ordinea .ildugllil !6acti_
eIo!. cudtatoa qi cohcdtB$a ile Eetiv l!@ae, tepEtu.a & le ,
ttblul n6sd lslltru p@tpitae, c@ di&!n ihel ploitu&l de aalizat 9imecompus i!6o1ubtl. Precipltare. 6e faco lb pahae
-190toda g!svtm6t!r.[
.cf.
30%
tdlrd, deoa!c6
ilalu6a..
flo d6
obt_
191
dnca. IrupI D,[tirr@ Dor or e doo*telte htnia ib 6rte cddt dv! @ ba!d{ .lDEtrl, c@ e Frll c.l Mt Dict; oo@! Lirtl. de ilt q cedtailvl
d lodl !tb!" c@ e lot l!a md rtEi, tr fdtr;ia de EltR carlitatvl cu
Eflglcfg4 ce e F.x rl od @.1. Fe @t Lrd hl!6ei i[e filtfr ca!6trE e.te @ilBd tt cottt te de c.i'!I @ rnltl ra carcrDaiea b$t6l tl
cu6 tFhd sl 66 srb 0,0001 g.
Dt@rf,tl fltilo! e dosE &4I erntn r.a 6. DreiEtat c t!.l[te flF
tt t tt ru dp! cetltde. dc &rqFe b ce * gl.9te Eccltstrtur. ln eoorat
,6 foloE.. Mdt @ d@okd 3-r2 @. 6 tEpd AlHrtt, virtur tuhihrl ds
.oug6F rr !f,lier e ri!6tte.lc r,oEsi Floftl[i h c.re e ot6e fltratur,
fid . arrg6 ftls! lel h &hgc. c6ur iie Dffi. & filt tlehot. str .e adlpiezo Drfoct p6 peEgi &ier, kr D.rgi,@ ld 3! 6e d I @ @b b,za
!O!ier. EM! de nraru * loliivelte F lf,Die, .!oi & uerette d ard dtutilst!, lonhu ca 6I &iloE Frftct & p.rd.r6 !tu r- 'l!!td. .rd$e B! ru 6o
peil$I ftuli h hird. de 6lt!q .!6el Allrtg B ttehl Elotatd.
I,dtn a eeleE nttra@, IEecidtstd s il.i8laaz! ld D...lsbtl FiD
sdtEat3E (se lal .{ & <teDlrtr !e n&hl Esdlui ib F..fuits6), soh$a
limFd d dasr+E (stEo@t@tu|) e .@4E h El&u tt d+n fltEr
ac6steL ae t@e to Elt{ qi rtuipitltd. Pahu rcaasta e sprljinl ci4ul pa!arilui de pEcipttue de baeita de BUcU( ce a seElt h agil@ !r tlipur ple
ctpltltil; Bolu$a * &utgE pe laghetd. Se dr.rre@I bogleta etJer ca .olu$a B!.
.6 6ctltg{ pe p.!4ii @dui do lllrtie, c@l de m is de Eltd N se rmplo
cu eruIe ptl le E{rgie, ci e lsd rperiDatii I m eb ni@lul D.rgbti,
!@tn r lDpidiea iEc.lg erqEei lrir capildlt te De peetii prblei,de.e-
p8 tlitroi
d6 f
ltr,
Vltoza de
AItEE depilde de btrirtE Iortlor Eltrrilui, ale vi.cozitak fir&rr oi .rt ti tl tucg. d. &qlelatui la cde B
de 6oim !6hiei qi rle blol tu 4r4 ritril,t! Illtia de 6l-
filtra),
ou rruion[ lb6t
e v! rltu h .ettt& Etct d ajuioril ur !dFte, Ull,ilq4 BI se B.EgI ctupfet, hr Drt Erlt tlrihd. A.ifsl, dacd 86 Io_
lorqt, do u@Dru, p@hr slade u Elrm de 50 bl Uchtit <te Bpltdo, 6ste
b.i bttre dE d to@6 nr dtN iie 10 on ctte 5 Et & tcn&t 0!stod!+6.U .o
ilt.ez !t totatttrto iltlre d6 ! .dtruga o Do!{ cdtftde .to ttdhtal), ilectt ite
Ltohr{hJ de spdt@
splLra
.rulril
rot
ph! c6 llohtih{ & 6crs6 obgNr prtD &c rd, dupd .p!r!r3, nu
mal o6lbo 4b.r.!,ls !t!it!6 (q Dd @).
fuU.re. t! plh@l d6 pEchnt t est6 .t DEisat, it.ose6 nltlul !6
ntu
! i?i !6 pt..it drn plDcildtd,
lorb
eltevs orr
Itchtd de
5) !E9gI94_999&&ts!4 se &ce la te!.ratuD camer6i. Dup! sp5lapr6cipttatel se deshidrat.r! @ c@l SO", apo o eter (pe hlrtta de lll-
re,
ttu, Ea! tu p.Iar, prln deeta&), dqpl ac@a se cuc, r! tmp.atura camc!et, tD dslc.tor, h caE 6e produce EBflor@ e.rlui cu o tlompd do !1d sau
cu o pomptr adptmtoae. Alteort, Gc@. prelpitatulrd spliat se iac 1, temleratur[ .idlcaaB la 105-11ooc 8t clfd Dai mnlt tr etuve ruscale! Ee produce
td sot -60I) La.ce!Bt! teEp.ldurI apo & daFod. Nu to6te precilttat16 6e
lot uBca 1B tmprztui ridicate, doaMe 6ele 3e descompul,
Dsc, p.&tpttltnl st o sunEtold orysict (ata cum se tutimll{ ln ltboratofll de bioclimie ln doreEi prcteinelo. B.! a nbdlcgeNrut plln mot ila
gravimetrlcl), dup! EcaE *t6 ctEtlnt gi Be calculeaz! a@i .zlttatul dalize|, Dac! p!@tptlsbrl e.!e o 5ubtel} ergrDicl (l! Bpeci,l ln chimia gener#
1t), u@eaz! calctne@ &estuia lmp&ut a }iti. de filtd cutihtivl, ps-
t( r
mrtra d
- 194-
pute,
cu ajutod uet foarleci B6 tal6 o tucattr sio{ dtn marg.t!6a li}ttei phtr
Ia echilibrarea p.fct{ a celo! dou! rcnde1e, Se vr ivea gttJn si Du so pEi
Elaa mu!da!6 p rcd61-
gezn !e
.gftut
195
colput csE
fib
8ftlim6t
Tehlica
leacflet, t!{
epmhet[.le
cdt
trg6 se intrcduce 1
m]
o-
luue oialat de potlstu 29, (are Nr de dtico.grdet). PeBte 6oru$a sttcoagurat! E6 rolt6sz[ 9 el dluge- (Este de prelerat s! se utilizeze o pdbet!
gEd!t[.) so aglt] prtru mogodzae litrl a sctrhra bNBc), So oblhe Blnge
!*oaAldabtl, tBtr dilEt 9/r0 (din ea@a dticoaglrmF1oi). Ia calcdaE! rezultah ut ss va rjr Be@! de d!u$s BtogBlui, Epnb6ta se cdlhttugheiztr timp
d6 20-3Or la 3 000 rctln a pstn Bepardea plllmei de elehentele fiBuBio.
!!r-
*4,rr!a
= o,.s sfrbd@c@.
ol6ct: p x
ffi
= mg tthlbo8ln
l.
1oo mr plasBE,
tr ca&
p rEr.ltrtr
. \$
= s nbltnos@
16 1 ooo
hl
plaBE;.
fftN caUtadvtr, oaro t! lleal.lil a nost uBcat! la tosoc timp d. o o!& (ptd ra Ct4trt. c@8tdt6), .Dot .o rotedtr gr@rEtsa. S6 Alteaz! pdn ntrta @at!, se
ctrtliogto, s3 !p.U cu ap[, al@ol ti 6te1, ru dqp! oc@a 66 @uc5 hlrna cu
DEctplt tul 1. 1o5oc ttnD d6 o o!{ (pln{ la Feutata coMta.i!);.6 ctr&rEt6
tt tUfoEnla drtE gEulrtoa hlrdol ca6 c@tiE p!*ipttahil tt g]4t6ra htF
tt6t ueote ($!ai!t d f,1trs6) !6ploztrrE BButatoa flbrtnogEulut dglqt !r
1,8 ml pL!b!. Cslcdrn s6 f*e oa to prt@ va!lut{.
Ob6.natlo: hgtods s6 po.t6
de
Eluetrlo, .!a!a
i! grlvlDorr!.,
cbtlrlEe, olslafll
vtooha
an
Bo lolosotto
2, l4!toit6 grlo6
ldeiodl fllloo
d. .nallll ou tsuv!
s6
br
Al.l.l fo!!t
pEol.s.
oa! !I i6 ouno$cl:
p,lltru a
putea ta.6 o
r_
dstomtnllt !_
a, Dnalmetd.
- h6t d!
aroomotrolor.
p!.dtett o d6rl6 & lt.lttd6 6talotr cu d.mtt4l culi juld deMttqll nomal6 a ncHdelor d drnlmt.A.tfI,p.ntru shge, care $ nod mmd.16 ddsltrtoa c'rpriD6! l[tE 1.05? 9i 1,066 g/
/cms, ge va preg{tt o serie d6 llchtil,o 6tal@, @ dosiaatea dprlr)!! trt!6
Pertru a.oaBti s6
no!cui6, .ttust.
,t
Motoita plctrtu.Ior
de
cdtttaioa
do
calo se lF
trcduca leEtul (fomat din mt.t dtce do ptMbr, @
ce s kbtI6qio o gfeut.to colerp@lro.ie 9t 1 tDprtmtr o
DozrF6 ve!flcll{
tr pluth6. P6 nJ! sht gtad.tti ce tidlcd dasrtat6a.
t,,,,
!t
H,-
odEltE
!&[ ls 1OO, ir
ataotut
&Df,
ea n
Eo
-200b. Yls@zlpotlta
loculelo
Uohtd
rreds pr.Folsonall @
t DD6EtE! ltcldddur. L htotogls so iLl6mlnl rtlcorttai.a umt ltoud !r .ohpars$6 o a aFIs.67, vllcozthohul ges..
D.d t .t36rds (yl.oozth.id. !6b{v!). DBi6frhuer vtsoorul$r .hu6rtu 6. f.G cu vrBcorta.int Eo.. (ttg.
0?), Aco.h 416 forEAt dint!{ hb de .dcu tn bm! d. U. Csr (lou! I!mull (A B) B6 pEturgoac b d@! iuhrt c!p @, oars . rmrld ou doul
6ato
Ptrnu mlct.
P6
c,
201
&Eeslgc
..t o betod! do @[tI ]ardt F d.l6Et !re3 l!iUrelrcSs rl E l li!.tats d! @utst' cid o tlzl d. 16&l tBo
dbl!-E Deillu t!@pr@t d. o @tt{ aLsttlt btrd DoiUu t!8!4et@t tL
ddsltrt. dlf.rttl sr rtr lcuDt{ dtcgr, nt .cttdr-ro. fu rmrcmrr ae rcf!&c916 !o dosob.e: rra l!.tdd!" . . DrdI 9t rut reft.ct.t1.R.,. lrctdatl loEort d6 li o !@tr <lo l@!rl s d cad. p. .up!.faF do 66Pera$
dlhtE cele doutr d6([l o daddq <lrI6rtt6. Atrhll h clr ttis,lold.otl .tt!96 .uD!.fEls d6 6.p0r#. ae nlh.tto FDt ds trotdag. Rara sBal! .!t
?a!. IhaStrad ca! e.to D.rp.Edctlr.t! po a4rai.ts do .6p.!.re dl$r. oolc
ibu{ morut rt 0r!6 .d.g! .c@tl iar.&ll b Fctul d. lDcldug. Irrza mfr.ctat! ..ts !!la holdet{ clE tl{ 3oblEbrt dr@F! tlE.Ad drn pu!.tur d.
tn.ld{g, rBf!.ctbdu6. clid Ea t@l<!6dt! 63t cttir r.za mlnall, t!d!.!@t d6 dallt.i.a oslor doul m.dti, Eri rd&ctat! .o .trI b conthuu. Bzt hcldeoto (.6 conturdl cu lrzs lorin tl). Uldrl!! iormat d. !a!a hctd.otE
6u rizs hormrll 3o lltmttG uprnl do lpcldatl (d),la legltd loftirt d. !azs Brlaotattr ou Elr !o!mu !. nM6!t6 gAlE_Iglr3gEg (6) (88.68).
Bfraeto@trL
c6lul do
FtA,
Flg,69.
E1l6rde
idtall.
-202hal Dd! pton ctod ta @ uurit urghi A, laza letuacrat{ & ya iteDdrta
,t
@t hult de ea @Dald tomtud u @ghr d6 ref.@Fe de eOo E o va co_
fiDd! d ltEita de sopaer diltre col ilouE Eedi. Ulghlul do r.ctdFt! c{nie fl co&sFDde E ugld d lefreFo de 9oo, se ruerte urglt Uhn!. ndetlDd valoaer eS urut do i.ctddll pst6 uetrd tmtttr, raza Ef.asrai{ se u
trt uce to tot tttate n! acelaqt heaUu, dupl toE e !6frodet, tolrt$d &eme-
S{ cdltltat
Btr
'Intr
c=
'ndlc
rsh'clro.
stdtd nzlc! cato dsptods, ta substerele eflate tn si!!o de sohlt., d6 eoicdtlela loluFot, do h!.im6. tr de .rructule Ertcl a psltrculelo! diDtvar..
nebact m6tEle Bh ap6.ar. eu ajuioflrl circla Be rl.tmro! lldislo do to_
fractl al @ut modlu, b nefle do unghtu.t Uftltd. h eeu.l uStr,,rur Udt!,lrr
dlcI. ds
Err! 16 q 6 !tse--.
lln 00"
S6
va
tqs
drD tttgpEoheili
a b rc6.t caz
+!9. o-r,
ci sh
glJo
c@rchd !
..
bdlc.l6 de E&!cS6.
'
ctnpud tlece sct
p t n{,bon
208
ocda,fult
trdicols d6 !6llEo$s
rB.?0.
goh6DA refr.ctomo-
ste
Tab6la
Drdosl. d !6frso$
l[
a1
8Fl bliu.tud
nrncfl. do t6mpratulI
Ildioo d. lsflaolt6 ol
bdroo d6 !1racfl6 ar
1,S43?
1,33364
1,93958
21
22
1,S]t352
1,33S46
24
25
1,33291
1,33231
I,BX212
1,34242
1,43252
15
16
1,33339
26
I,83242
1,SSSS1
27
1,33291
l1
!,33t24
2A
!,xs220
18
1,33316
1,34303
1,33300
29
3o
1,33203
1,33196
10
11
t2
13
f.i
19
2o
201 _
6fr&
rrmd
d..&!
la tllcqe
Oo
oAceU ae rrAa.dc
ltt B.te
10} oaE
-.,
-q)5-
&o
l*o
1,33?O5
1,33irts
6,8
8,6
1,33781
1,33420
lo,I
r,$858
15,2
17,1
1,3:t89G
1t
1,1.15?5
t,34,2
1,3,4651r
1,3!64?
LA1721
1,3,,?61
1,34?96
56,8
50
a\2
@,4
66,5
47,7
6r,8
t,39vl2
19,6
21,8
1,34010
1,34044
26,2
1,3ltSlo
70'9
24,1
30,5
1,3!4947
78,5
ao,6
62,4
1,33084
1, SilO86
1,34a:16
1,3!48?3
7\2
L,$t237
r,31275
,7,2
1,34944
1,35021
1,35053
1,35095
1,3,(t13
rtl,6
1,
1,34350
1,34383
1,34426
1,3ilrl63
43,6
1,35205
45
1,35212
L,35279
1,9s3lG
I,Xll121
t,31162
1,34199
t2,a
35
4,1
50,3
1, 34500
1,x4537
54,7
I,A51|2
t5169
84,9
a7,L
a0,2
st,4
ga,5
95,7
*,4
90,,
1,35352
102
r,35384
104,1
d.@
!G
Polade.ki, dte o o.iodtr fittc! & drll'n cduriv{, h.td
pNp.ietata EE snb3lel. o4di@ .r. a Fti d@r r@ldl porcdz{re. A@dt'
lMha lotadz&rt
spr6
&.!ta (d6xtroere=
d+)
lwira h
ca-r6
vrbratl[
ot6c-
,t
t!.crea @Et
rMlea8e lrin
lde
Dt@t.
LurlDa lDlalizstt s oiibe pr,! t!o.*6a tuntdt obtqnuit prl! Blr!Btel birtlnlg@b, ()h osts 6pstd do l6t6da. TAbd clt.tsllt Mbtc do Epat
do Istodd
.rb E tsqlr
de 6S0
fl ltpild
oote
&
@!L cae tese drF pd6h! rl ou6 este o !e6 lolllrratt,rdc{ vrbftar{ !uBd totlr siEgu p1e, rslp@iuouru ! plaNt sogEdt.
FIg.?3.
?otaliE hut
8c!4. loluirtrot
rlut.
ort @ spar.i
247
ob8tdF
o?tic &Oyn.
Oculanil
ete imDlr$i $
dou,
ststem oprio
i."r e de lbl*ie, aler.tnl s6 pEe Ia Fect fer, cuv4 Dttld ealizon{ @t e mhere chluti dt! ocdlia stot esal 1ud.ar4. fu r@t DotEt.
,paHuil i.drcl g.adaila zee. htrodEfid dtle pol*i@r ti 1Dlrzor cwa @
su!lrDt optic activ4 cdle doutr cihpui nu Mi slDt 6gd lrnrate, d6E@
plulil lullti lolatiats eEte rciti + ualtzotul nu priDde l@t!a d pldUl etit. Dac{ e Dte*e e,lizorul, so on lle lo u oorEnt &r sgluz@a i!le@itllii tullose a cel@ dou{ ctrylrl ale @ulatului; rdiEr e.I@ntloi, pentR
a obliE 4g!x'5Er ctuFrirto! t@iros, s frce c{tr dr..Dts D@tn srbBtu&re dstlogiF tt cltre Btuea Dentru Bubstetsle rmgie. reriDoa@gnru
lui a c@ .a edt anatimEl Dneall putelea stsbn6 a .ib<tatei dielmArt E. Etatotie a @i BubBtefp dletvate @ie, @
- n r@ etotaElelr
- @tlage ebrt@ti tu dotufle:
- tdpe!tuE eru$6i;
- tqthea d6 udI a lmintt lobnzd6 (pohtitutrele s$t crElluite
p@tE ltultu tt@ctutic! gdlsA . Bodiului cu l@gnre. de rdn 5893m/)
liot a rtltd cI D@tn o aurtt! lEgtbe de @dI d t@Dershrd, @glrul de edE dts proDolFual @ grlimea siElltd de srr& 9r @ @caAcsto qutdtl atau la bua eau4i canritraiE potatt@ltt@.in tabolarrrr clhtc, tblttDo&d s6 ttdlizeartr t! dor.t@ gtte@r dt! uril. pola!"tbstrd 6lcdt lt d.aetui@ gl@261 it! trh{ st Frl{tr @ orm lugt
d. 189,a t6; bto.lDd Gelo do sc.artlt lEgine, cmra h gnd. a Dt4ter
6a}@old td! r & o8suzs.. tlt@sti{Bt lMlbe . @rc &d ctuSrrr
dal! itrld llre-tll ib e!@r!.
dozSdu{o cetlt4tle d
gl@zi
stE.
II), daiollt{ pftzdlEl lolEollca$ poltilv seu ngatlv. C! o.lc cdduct!!' ,olu$lle opun o !-
n6 ooaduclto.! d
DIlo!
l.tdclt(.
(oorduoio! de Eradul
"=f;
ln c,'6:
p esr4 ro2tdtdta
'0
s0-
.p6ojflc[ oohducton
dat;
tulsrmei i
6oFuDea.
Di[ !6lall3
de
Eat .$
E doduc:
p=R9.
lf
so
E lstdi.t
oberts 99!4]f!!q!EEej&sE9!-!r991!slrcut{
qPctflce
"ls
l. "1.
; '^E
e ,ls
rmEui
-209!',:in
umN
6u!rd rezistdle,
ro noliEea de rczisttdtate.
Prin lezt!flvttatea R s !reI Eolultl Bo tolElege reztstelra opsd de o
colodl do soluflo ile 1 cm c! suprefale leclilrdi do I cm- li trece'ea @dRoztsilvttde se
&\!!lhd ln olhr/cm/cm2.
Pdn 9.94E!:UU@94- s
sr:
r',\
uet
ltrsolurlo,
IodI
'lin
'ub
fludl{ unol dtlrenlo de polsnllal apllo&ie. O Eolulte m.t dlluat! &'o rt p{_
id lonl pe ultEiel do volum 9t ve avea o cddncttbtlttat mal ntcu'
ln afdd rlo ooncertrnlie, condrotlhllltates sol solulit osto hflumiotl
tl de !9BI!XSEIE, filnd dtloot p!o!o4loni.l[ cu aceastt lntru'nlu 'om!6!a!u!Ii
Eo dtrtolerte ntcao!&u usoozlti$l soluill' o dxt! ft elodclod temperatull'
do
sB mlqod
ln
tr lolult,
h'6 o dotomrlrE
arEi qt
t{& or
diE o!8EDtBm.
detemtusi
reztstqDi llclidelor
lr{
mw
FIg.74. Pltnc1llrl de
putll
l<oNlaEch.
t< g!.Ivsoh6inrl
!! o{ rrdte
t! .to echlrblar{ rl
.btr"",
PeDtru culrbrsa
Or = tt) dE
"1i.
FsIl !e poote fol@r tlr l@d galvsometruIul u
prtltrrs zgomt
htdstta_
h<ltcator opt,c (@ht uagio); ta p@ctlil .te ochlltbla.lo fbrs
ochlulul rogrc o6t trchisi. CalvreDotr6lo sbt FrSn 66nstbUo ta culeDtul d_
t mlrlh!,
sau
lniluBtrta ersloascd do
!.u6cL.
cultcX de
d.t6Bi!i
a!6r!b,r!
d6
borato! !!oduc6
Ezrsdrr[raroa speelfic!
f,
Ir =;'
-tR
/=
,r c.!e e eBt c@stdia
!4.1t.a1
d6i6hiMt{ de
ta_
!6a), ia!
duptr cent.Itug.re so
pe
-2r1 f.
liot coloribetfl.
po
Fotocolorl@tn. este o betod! oldcn de aalz{ cotitatia!'tazat!
care hce plln
!rcplieilt e solusflol @roEte, ite a E$E o Frte {trn i@tna
tu ca'd ctod
plo't@lnl da sallzat 6'to coloEt 9t
lNdusul do esttrat sau u @mIM al
Metoda cololtmerrtcl de
ut!2tr
nlce, Iomee!
comruqt sau
c6!1oct1 co-
meloda do
umltoatole condltt:
1) Culouea cale spole
h \ma re"ltei
6'
nu vnr1ezo io
tihp
sau hdchtnF
6u do PII'
tar aptdlre ql vens$a clilodl
fle
su6cl6nt de
6!
l,) Itasc$,,
'enstbiltr,
de d'11_
s[ fle p6!coput!. .ht.r t! @o.dtr4,i mlci ato su!6lst'l h pFdutul
b&l htcl
i!
de ieDplsturi
celo ce
meazl
66 va dl'cuia despE
partd
Aztcd a
Etodei
co_
r=t
+t.
lmiD,ai csto tNsb!furl i @rBt6 crd6tc! 6su t6eio!. AbBoltFa rbtutt d6 clhe botecilte suD.tetei el@d6 d@rvar! st6 sdle6v[,
r rrclt fhcare Bd6t&l{ at orrto o eDttl rtrAtDa de EdI . .adtaglor luchd; derSia
D*[ B dau ihr,tr erlFl ii6 c@@tr.S. dt 6.itt .t6 soolulatl 6t! c
lorat, iltzotvat, s irtEite b dB ideit@, !6r&ct tE4aMt6, ti s6 t6d
EE treed acoraql e&icd & tmin:i Ddr A@@ err$6, ettse a.t .o!c!trai{ alare Mi lntens @1o.rr{ de.ft err4. D.t sLh c6cGhai{. Rszlilt} o!
ta tlecdea faBcicddut lmies Dd! erug6, taiuag. l6tD!s{ 6st! Efllui!
@ allt mal e1ilt, e clt &trS. ete Ed @6rrsi{ (d6cl @ dtt tldLEt mai
multe mol@ule abelb@tol. Chd eru!& aFE @i iroEs ololeu {A9.?6) nr
olu$a cu o cd.orEFo Mi scnrut{, IalciculEl hrtN c@ o srdbate elt
reibld lD c&tit6ti Dat dct, rnrflnrrd @ lrir bai Eic de nolsort &bsort@te, iar solu6a apaie Dlt srab coloratI (na.??).
pr,!tr< Eorq$e c@6d.E.te Elutd o cstttst mE d.l@hi; solu$a este h!a3 @lorat{.
Dac! o Boluge
dlordl
de o
Fig.?7. Tre.jltq &eicduld lmlEB pdep 6olqg. rgluattr. Est !eUmt! o @r(l...t6 dLU dn lEctcul:
eru[. ,]68
silab @lo!at!.
itoul
E 3tr&t Ea EEo6 de
luE. &patu @i t!t6E
3o-
lolatd
h-
(ftg. ?8),d@u@o
co-
timgie u lD{!
F d6 hol4de ahdolt !G
Eai ma-
stdbrtiS {ie
tutrd
,scicnl
6taat Mi
BubS!6, 9i to cue faciculul lmies hbbeltr @
luir nal mlc de Eol*udecft soruflr
rela$t - afihoita ad6.er lui l@b.rt tot e @dDe Etrahrlui do Bolu$e stri-
ld}lt
rl
E@r
stabtUt
thind ql scld@a ilt@ttlSi t.diatcforla pacace.e folo@ @b.le.ela$t ruh b!@ lgtt td LMbar!Bee!: Ab6olb$a l@lnLu ere h.ce p.ltrt + elu$e @lo!.te *!e rE neft de
grcsihea stntllui de iichid, aL .@ai@$. p1Elj61 {t de Etqa 6ut6tort6lo!
i-t--
l=le_-"
concoDrraF& solutter.
se ts
t = I 16*'0'c
otd 0 = I ch, k
Dect,
6gd d nolocdo
6gd!,
d6oarsc6 firolcutul
lhsolbet dihlraro.
3,
se mtcqor26
La
ro, ,u
Golu$a
solult de cd_
m.i dllqt!
ntud cu C Et C1
comatnlitle
215
dtf6r:tt
ctr:
ctr'_I1
r6larl csr
.tI la !.zr
@to.io.,trrer EhOE.
Metodele cobnDeklc6 u6tt!at6 h t.tofatotut de
btochthts
medr.o-
tt & otalon.
Er6tD!.r .. laco F u ocian atb. O co lttle d M.plt r eBt ca
toaio pluh.tolo (0.16 rl. plob6t d ualtkt cit,t de 6r..b@Ior) .6 f,e oor_
,oltdal <un idcld lEbln g 6i.rbtr &6r!rt die6t!u, iicit slo.lrn.a 6rra_
lulut d soluie Bl n acolsrl. Eprtstole cq elujto 6tdd se
!!.ps!{ ou 6ub_
3tdi6l @ft ro d6tothlll b colc4tagr dtfodte. fol@jld .ootEg! Ercttv! ca
tl p.!tn ploho do eattrai. SohBUs 6tal@ s! prcpad tl colcolir&flt ap6Plats o ce& pebaur! b ptubo d6 q@lst. poEln a sv6a u Fztrtrat pft.16,
e.i6 n oesar ca ilbryalut do coc4nt elte xlri. ttortr oEqtst sle .6d.1 d.
otal@. s! A6 cft hnl D1c.
i! s6le Eaiod, &lu!ul6 etrt@ oloEte .e pBpa!! dtr afto Buh3r&nts,
cale ar ac6.tt cdo@ ti itut Mr dtatdle {t Dat u!o, d6 pEtErar, l. aiublt colcontEill a sohlGt @BI'szlrC o @e@hltlo iletoBllttl ! .uh&_
ldl de i!a11r3t. ID uitlEd dbp, sd. erLtrnr. erd@ e.!e btooult! d6s@!t
oonc@tlaIe os
-216 -.
cu Bttcle coloiato; avmtajul c@6i5 ln faptul
6ra-
bll!.
d ujit t81otr E lolGette ln Ishontorul m6dtcoBelts! ln detomtndea nitdtllor d rntlailto! ln aps d biut, 9!ecu ai I!
detmtn6.6r pfliilul.
Metoda Bedilor de
at
tr
Eltn oommlad6.
dalv! dl, hetod& 6erulo! de Bolulll talon, Ia d6t.mtnsre! leEogtoblmt
dt! sbgs; se pu. o plo[turl d .hg. p6 o buoai! de lrlrd 116 !1ie 9t Bo
com!6t! crldlea ou o Blie d6 etaloan d lfltle, a cdro! cololag ooredpiD
d llEl eumlt6 oartli4t do hmoglotdn!.. Ests o moood! d6 oltontars,oar asitrll ,6 folosgtte !sr.
- Metoda sauzlltt iil
. !.u6az! p dtluusa rlobel d6 ,nauzai, ltll c. !6 oblno aoeiti ,ltenstisr d ouloalo ou
!.tal@lut, B. utrlrz6sz6 u !h8n, iub.rElon, ou lc6ati 8losim. e lorurtet
rb llcldd o. tl prb6. ttal@ul poote fl tnloouit pdnrr-.\rn iub d6 srrcu oololaitr; D acst oli, ouloolea stlclel oo!.purd6 u!61 dumtto odontlast 5 !u!st !l6i 3l prrtun av8riajul oI nu hal t!br16 !!ep.!al erltdul ds ltecarg datI. ID a.Ea.g Doiodn lst n6o66d oa Eialonul s!
oorlpud{ !s3l oorclhsltl mal nrart dclt r plotatorator se mst lolosett ,netoda colorlmotltoi
car6
$t
ca
tr
metoda de doza.
lDc!
acelatl c@centra-
,n bholatorul de t't@Ithie redlcalI e6le utiuzat aparatul d@ult tehogloblroelru, lomat dtnt!-u .dru de msiellal plstlc, !!v{zut cu d
post s6t, car AEad!&! u cld cotrIoc$out drD B{cU mat6 Ba! Uptom6.
l! Iltrtofll .sdrurur, de o larte 9I de att& & crandd s g{sesc doul ialoan (lontm a 6e Iic coEpdaila mar ulor) dn dttcld d o dettl culod. lntr soste iloud et.lome se hircaloe o !e!td g!.datd, tr car Bo docutd
leac$a (6s.80). tn oprutctl ge lEtIndroo !tu{ la dlvlzluns o,1o o solu$6 d
ECl n/10, !osi6 oalo .6 edaug6 0,02 el BlngE, !6coltat c! multd p!@Irl dtr
!u.Ip. dg.iduir ahostscil .s aglti ti , la6! & rcpEus col pr4,, 5' . ln co!traot 6u aotdul olorltdltc, Iohogloll!. .e transiorhl h clolhtdlst do Imailntr,
d6 oulosle blutl!, cu aJutord u6l pbetB PEEtu! B6 duueerl aoluga, plal co
s obflle o l!l.nBit.i. d odoa!.ss.I! cu 5 c6lo! doutr oialosnr nt scoBt momnt Be cttetto dlrccl ! prubotl gEda$a, clr co!6!purd6 lr#ltiDtl .olu$oi
at 06r. dl omitiatsa d6 hmoSlobln! 3r!t6ti ln r00 mt 3l!88.
'@Acelta
u
pEol., lordai lot p l6ga osre BtE h baia hgiodol oolo!tm6idc6. fi !.osst! m6iod! !6 osallz.Ezl iDt.trlttstoa culorj.l probel cu ttrtenlttats oulodt .olulot tilon, pllr vadle. glt.iBil lilatulut d Uohtd Bt
pebot. so qiie oI ls ht3trslt4l gd ar. oulofll, oononila$tl .td lnvlB
prcpol$oDll c\r Elo8lm. strstulr{ iL !olu$e! odtolm rdhuoi:
3t6
prcodd hat
---L
CI'
--9-
6Bta odcontlE$a
c
I
lmbi (neounoBoqt!)
corcntla$a .talooolori
rlr .cat4
c xr
a prcbol:
qi
a*eit!
ce
aldalft cobliDetrd !p
Dlto
J*,::jH'*""1J"",1#jl
idetle ti
,a.crcut di&ze,
or 6st s_
8ear} to del'hrl fi&{.d lascicd clre o cw! c,
<le fo!_
hn cill!&icI. Cuere se Dot ridtca 3au cotDl{
ct sjuro.rr hr chalieE, dpa @esttaie. bh<
cud 66 rn_
tFdee otutsa elald gi t cearrlg, elula
de aa]lzsr.
Ia drDftrl Ae!&, cwe e
sise{le t po2itte vrtjca]A c!
te o pliml de sticl5 D heaAF,rE
se eilrEddcl, tEd d
circ! 6-{ h, qt gE*lt de cisa 10 mh, p.ln
coo he_
ce 6ecae Ascrcut l@ims.
p.ftrEle de stictX e. qrero
Si
scheba
Ftg.81.
-l:g::r,
stot .onfocitolat
r@ci.ururur ru_
letite ,r ocdalu,
latit
&lctcdEte
tascrcihilul c a
absoltflel
alcoluio
se.rn rehga i
= ru_k0",
"*e .
@briherlta ab6olu6
uriUe&! ca 6us! d tMln{
tot t@ln stb{, cde &!U posto
fl ledEI ls o duDrt{ tEstmo <l
ud, a .Detndd, cu ajutonil flI_
ireld cololate sleodre.
in Ddlctptu, b eololthelD
Eo
.t con
alatd ou
pd!t!-o
sotuFo s
tuidt.
Ftdtn d6ro.Einlsu6
de
@lort'lodo
tunhtt oe
d,a irt@.ltat6r totellt
e.!at6EA lltsnslitLlt
td@dce
chFrrt.
Flg.84. Dlafl63De l
hud
au-
ioton6tlI1ut.
I,
1. lDharoa
DtsfEg@ drn drepuil soru$ot de andrz*.e la[ d6cbrs, l& hanhuh! I.! cea dt! dreptur @wt @ tp5 dt6tflat! s6 DtcPrazd !!i! Nttfta
tsburdrt, pbtr ce lltolsttlte. I a @eshl fa,crod devbe egald cu tntutta-
,!aj!t
do a frc6 o
!) s. rctelt! dt6F,zttiYul de n@inaft !toi co @b1e fa8clcnt6 luiD@so cad pe oniot0 loto@t ,td- se ptlvoda h @rrar, avlnd c16 akqn
goaoult @to .Ie dspozttrvdut iL [@lns!e hdgdrttle tt so ddchld dl&frl8i_
Deto ls msirum. se potrlE t dt.ul s 53. pern c! s! nu !e obltnl o l!hb[ Brplr{to@ pcn!ru @N- s6 dods@lt tolints sat trl4oi cero doull @d6srt trE .le dtspozttthlut de nubd, pLI ee 6e .b$e o tmag&e clad a
.lucra,
(hlDI
vorlnc$e! .porehilut se lac6 cur!.lrea cuv6lor d .pE tt apd dl6tllsl{, Lt rcvoie. &oslea.e $-.rg lnallt6 cu slcool - .oid 0oo ml alooo) .rrlrc d. 060 tt s hI Hcl coc@trrt), aFi cu a!! tt spd
dt.ttlltd. rluDE car6 ! led sI se uu@ ls lompEtqla camslol ssu ta .tuv,
la 6O-8OoC, P.nt o ulclre .a!td5, dtpl apo dl.tlhB se !p.U cu alcool tlet.!, Curel6 Itl Eodlttcl tltEp.@ts ou tlmpd, d@rec sticls devtle olace;
ln aco.t cM, el6 so lnl@utosc. Dup! c6 rp8atrn r iost Fr8 !e!f@t la !!Dot
fdld cuv6, .6 !@6 o poeh6 de w6 !l e DrtE te tt @urarr.els doul alhpuri hobuto s[ i6 tddttc ithinato; b cs.@har, o dv[ 6st6 D.I opsc!.La
Debd!!., cuv6lo ru s. !Frc! d6cft d p6!4 lataralt; &c[ 3o.luctrd6 pelettt tr8spaen$, ahlrotele ltraite de dg6te boahficU mult tdspalots crvlor, CtDd Be tltsd@ ticud tu cuve. este !e6d 61 6e itlrs! p&tti *teltort !t cuvel. paitu . nlllh,e mtulele picltu plli pe peleltt ateEi. cale !r modili.a a@tblr ttlEdtsEr f@tcd ui 1tuinos,
Modril de luc : D'46 ce sa redfrcat 4aratul, ae ,!!edue ltchtdd
de emllat btr{ .!vI, de gMtfre ildlcatl lb Dotod!. cuva s6 ptaeazu h
.lporhrl drn ddnCE obsewaiorubn. in 6uportul dl! dB.pta !e prlBoaz! o cuvl
do *att dlmensiuc, Dlinn @ iictiitil & @mFara$e: o solu$e iom.iI altn
fnslnto d6
Es.tivli sttt
colors9i 9i iichidul
de co@peaale
!p!
apale colorlt. Dac!. itcltdul de com!@Bare este ieolo!,
iliEtllstl. RoIuI cuvei de componsue este de a echilibla pterdelile tle tumtrl
so lDl@i6ete cu
dr. tu caztrl clnd me0oda !u ttdicu flltrul, @ Iotoseqte fllfrdt cu dU. ext,nc_
lia ces @t dare. In genera!, se uttlizeaztr frlhle complimdta! fali do culoalea soluliel & daliral. Se stgte apoi ilolul oculalutui, ,hd a limtts do
sepa"are dtltre cele d@, clmpurt tpsle .Ia.[,
Tamburul dil stltrg! (din dreptul pNbei) Be ddchtde la lbsorblta = 100'
E = O (degchldore maxlhi). se potllvtto ln @dar, . bsovEaze hmbu_
fll din dreapta ptu{ Ia egalza!a clmpurtlo! 9t se citeqte dttnclia. se lepetd
de 2.3 ori cttt@ 9t se lace hedie.
Co.flci@tul de *iilclte rcptllnt{ extinclia ln etraiul de 1 cm grcBlme. Dact s-a lotoslt o ave de 2 cD gEsim6, .e impalte ra 2; dac$ 3a folosit o cuvtr de 5 m, extbclia se nmu\eqt ctr 2, p@tn i afla cooficienhd
Detlmi@lea c@centlafiet 6ubEtsiei itr prclE
Be poate
lace prln.
loseror)
se
e-Lt@@.
Nld
de
canttlsts,
ducoze
mg,
do
0,1
0,05
dn oprulnttr
?!a..!.r 6!tEt
6gu!
0,2
0,29
0,33
d6 otsl@@
0,15
85.
t!
lalor eGm 3o s
.utEt6r! li
x-
Ednc$a
O,2O
@MFDdo
a- 9@-J:9
025
6ai b@!'!!l.legae
plr,
st
ta o tehlici
9t dlt@.
Portru o
=%
1. I
cdtit{li
o cotttare
d 1,98 ml soluile &mmiac 0,4%- so ldaugd 0,02 ml slnge.e.olht dtn pllpa
dogetulli, So va produce lrst nteeo hooltza. Peste sorulia de hmo8lobtn!
obliNtS se adaug[ 6 ltrf de btsturiu do lldpsulfit (dittonli) d dodl! tt 60 a_
gltii solu$a s. vE coloru in vtitntu. de...o hehoglot Da care 3e 5&e! 6ub
Aendca de
llt.e lntr{
sohlr
grcslme El tototut!.ttr la
so lntlodw 8pl dl6tllut6.
86
iltrul aalbo
5r0
calcullro. rezult telor: fol@ind 6ltrl s 5?, Iactorol de psii 66to 33.
hrlltBtte .xthcitr obihut! (d. *@plu 0 40) @ ,..tofll d6 pattr 33 ll .3
100
ml 3bg.
c! Rlt l
nu
-224Pdttu a lnlrtura ac6te neqjuBuri, la fotocolo.imerlele Bi.ten puIrEaae lnstd, u disloztdi iobelectrtc de spreciele a Intdsitlt hinoas6. in &est caz, egala.ea irteEititii lhinoso so iace cu ajutorut cehloi ,otoelechice. care trus[ofhl olergia luinoaB, tu eneryi lchic!, Eftich s
neryia oloctrice dezvoltate d celnla ,otoelechicd este pmpo4i@1tr cu inrdBit3tea dergtei lmlnoaBe !t se mlsoad cu sjutolut uui grtyeometN. ABitzl
t-Y
N o Etnguli
ohis, de E !c 1 18g,86) hece !!tnar@ cmd@3ato! 2 co lorm6@5 u f.sctcd paral.l, spol p!rntr-@ fittlr 3 Donocrohe
tic. In d.phrl fa8cicululii B aEaztr cuaa 4 c6 contin. ltclUd, htdsft.tea fa6ciculdu care a tls.ut ldr ltchrd esre plihit{ de celuta iotoelecr.icn s, care
lre8ioma elelgta lubimasr lu enelgie elechic!, & cIr6l lnrerEfiate estem&
6uEt! ile s.lvaomotlel ?.
La olectsrototuottu se rucreaz{ stlel se moltazn Alr i lndtcai !r
s6 eonsamteqte
tlteduce
ln.uv[
o natell. de
rcMdato
*hncris h
Be .duce
sr.lizi
a glsalulur
de o-
rl uei solufll, print.-u prccedeu a6@5n{to! cotorimorliel.Opalescenla E6i solurii e6te dat, de Frriculele alate tn susr@sle tn sol!fle. Fasclcdul llmiros lDilhlnd aceote pu{cde 1a ie rea iun sotulie ale o tht@Bitlt
scdzut!, datolttd dituztot razelor de 1@ini care au itiLtil parriculol. pdrm
plodeerea difruiei lhtDti este necessr cr dihdsieile psrdculelo! B! Ee mai
m8!t decit tbgimoa de !rd! a lazeloa incid@te, la! pa.dcurele s! aibi dipal4cDlu.
!I E, nu sdlmeteze tu rimput exarinbii, Dlnutuea deg de nEird particnlelo! tn tu6p@sre, Mtrsuuea tatasiil$i Iulnii dituzat ile tichdul opalesc@t cercqtrt Bo lueqte nefelomehte.
Potru detemtnurile @felmetrice se pot folost rprlare spctal sau se poi
sde?ta colo mefrul Duboscq, iotohehn PulIlicn sau t.O,R. s mlsorr trmjmon6t@1 apropiate
pinde de mlriEea
M dtluzsti to1l< direclie perpli[cuta.tr po cea a taoclcilului ircidotrt, M!6uralea leduce t htensit{iii Dul falcrcu1 llDinos ca4 s shebltrr o solulie o_
p6lec@tI se nunogro greg:ltsqlg rn opactEefie se poate rorosi ollce .pirar
folo.it ltr colorihetaie (Belta de eratose, cololthetrul DuboEcq, fotocololirne_
ca
49!4C.
Metodele nolelmehioe s foloses.
sutEisntlor
d ,tarc colotdalE fl
tr! lrbo!.loril
-2XOg. Snetrcfotometliz
Spetelotomotlia o6te o metod! ftzictr de ualt!tr bsrat{ p uallla
56
ltatic,
de o
.u!6t.nglo
cu
.pctefotomstrt. de 61!l,
l) !Eegx9&&rge!!L.@_-cE9$fl.9 6!t o hotodl fiztol d6 ane.uzl omtltaUv!., la oEre se mlsos!6 tltensttatsa u l faBcicd d o alumltl tunglmo d
ud[,
I,u,hln. d. o .humitl lEglho d6 udg (luEtn! @oorcmauol) .. poai oblit cu ajuton! dlspolltmlut lMIt mon@ronator. Plh d3ooEplllr\on
lmtnlt alhe la t!6oereo pllrtr-o lltsnE d6 cua.t s obft fEcicutel oonponnto Eoeclohotloo; atollnd lI dleptul spotrdut ls disc oDac, plev6zut d
&nt! foalt su8ro,aaeasta v& Usa .I tre@tr ln mod llacitc o mzl n@crcmettcl dla 6!ect!rn obtlnut. Be 6tott pltsma ptl{ olDd rMs n6o6eE&trc! ajuge tu dleltul fet.I qI se obth i@! d6 rEdme ds DiB ilorit!,
ElctMolorlmotnl ln car lmlla oie obinutE de ta s homcftmato! so nh69t6 Bpectsfotohotn. fu pEroEt, spectrctoio@trot Bhi dotrte ou
mon@shatoare, capabil6
rctu,
iUD
celea
printl{
BE
ste.tez. ladt.fll
231
co-leitare
edte spectlorotometEl
Acest& este
c@stmit,
ir lahoratodelo
med,-
Be.Lndn (iig.8?i.
,! lllnctpiu,
J
I
od
rl
o
l2
-42c! ajutoEl spectrfotometnlui se tDr d,lia conllrri bt@himici dif6rtir aEtrcattzt, Iaz !.,rid@ qi Uilride@t@, activitate @iE tic! etc.
2) !893!:9&ts!e!4e3_9449 eate o Eerodii 6ztc} .le aaliz! colorl_
mtdcl, h care E m&oul ilteitate& raila$ei eletEmaglotice sr1s6 d
atoDlt Eui elemdt {6!etN d6 misie). Spettrd d,e misie aI uqt *oe Be
obflie plln dcitarea lli cu srutoEl @i sBe de aergto, eue ps@&tr ehiieroa de tot@i. Emisia loate E ln diferfto .r.ae'n ale 6Dern1ul, d ta vizlbll Ia infra@gu, Excitzfta atohltn 6e poato ohse cu rlutD.d fllct t sd
Ld bua anaii@1 catitative
233
roioDotria cu rletr!4 et o @todl d6 dali,n raDtd}, bazat{ p m!6ualea intetrEit[Fi !ad.fno! ohise de ol@@to h nacld. M6talele stcaun 9I alcaltno+oEaio allate
toh{
soluF
cdlel tDi$sitst o.t DmImtidau @ tut@1tat6r radtaget Ecp$@te de c6hle, E!rgtr elednc! tadtatl sb Elsudl @ E galvuoErlu ss61bil, a
chol devlotle va d deci propo$ondI @ !ru&d de ltoDl *clt.S, d6ct cu
concdtrifr
dotuFei
ste alc{tuti
l! eleMfirl EsFe6v. Fototuetftl cu 8!ctd poate dte!mtna cdceltE$a ffeitut 61em6t dh eluFo, lr! ceut cd . glloBc nar Edtei penttu ac$ta Ee ,nterFre tttre aadrl 9i @lih btoer@tric! @ att se_
lecitv; 6ttrl est ca&tertutic Fltn A*ats ot@at !t le[ st trsctr ladlalia emiBE de elddtul spettv, ahsottird. h tohlttrts rsda$tl hiBo d
cotelalt ot6beie. sclimbhd fltnt, & IDt iletomira diD .c@irt solu$o
baie {eta.Iolo alcalt e d alrlte-deErso disiat.
Foto@tld c! trac&d cdl bd r&!tu !t 6ste tuoeor r1 tip ZtsB 9t
- o Nr65 de coEtunbil ges, cr6 poats n o !et61te d 8& tich6fiit (bute), o buietie cu eetrlen{ su guil d6 ra .stsau de dthdrar a oratului (Atetrde! EurBe de cophstiDtt N so %..soza h aprcpiE. sugslor
4e c du!I);
- o Nrsn de ad sub DE.t@, ca: Ldlt6 d ae! 6hpliDst Bu coF
- ilou.d ledEtosr il,e ptugi@r uil E@rat la s{t6a de gu,.lbil ),mtat ta 3ur3a de ae!, Prli@a glzdut oste regt.r{ la 2-s @ .pt, ta" . arllut tui& 0,3 Et 0,6 ati
9I sub tnquonF
curdtulll de ao! Bub pre8tue do 0,4 - 0,0 dt, aspllE lolulld tl o vapoltzerz!, tldBfolmlnd.o ln po!Acu16 {ne. I,nlfl ca pu6olo1e d[ fie de ac6a9i
m!!lm, eate noooBai or pr63l@a aoelut 3tr fl. odstlnu ((g 89). Echemd
fiuciloaau a plrvodzotorulul o!i6 !!ltri[ ln IIE]rle 90. Cu crt dlauetlul p.!ttolei putvo!t2!i6 oste mal mtc, ou ail't pulrIlzatorul st lrEl eflcient, d.orrooo
laliloulole mtct tloc hat ut!! $l Etale do vapoll tl ntohii do m6ta1 pot fl excitall m&i !9or la fl&cl1rtri
dn..t6..
-23s- cmra
zd
d6 ar6sr6c 16 (c@roo$oDar{
s eoBlecE ou seruI
.l
t,
ou vsrorlt
n6 !6glst
l. o prs3tun
un d6blt oo!3t!,lti
- lllutold u (!9.88), h oi!..osit amst41 d gu @ a6!d trolrrlt ou pElttout6t6 Dulvlrlrt , AEttonrl Dr!tuoo o traolrl r ol!r tm!.lEturl .6 rrdicl la 2ooooc, h.oalut urlltrllu gilldul mots! s.u hr@,
tt te
8OOOoc, tl o.rul uitUrlllr aoenbn t, pe!{oulel6 d .olu$.
Fltl,.frratl tls h
ita! d vapolt ir .tomtl d. stat .,(olia$ .mri latua$, sDootacl. porru oa
Ao.Ila s{ {re oollhrtlt 6Er !.o6!at ca preltura rt dbrtut a.lulur gtgaldur
ud4 5s9-6sg,6 af !
- Etstebul optic, csr6 6sto tot@t .tt! mai mutt l@tfl6 c6 dlr(,oetr
it
,tds:,
oalo glediFus
do
lr 1b 1 o0O
Modul d6
0_
cltlF
& .prhile 91
60
Se analiz6rzl
pulvedzatonn.
- s6 bcl de gsul.
- s. lnchrdo anil.
S6 vo lelpscta
Crlcularoa
h.&egrglEgEls
Fotoo@rlootrla sst o meood! flrlol d6 sldrrl c.nttadrd, lE at{ p
fr&u!rea lnteBtt{Sl ,hor..cst l uoi goluflt. Metoda ost udlt4t[ !t 1ab.-
c6tl.
2s7
iltn
fluolelc{t
d @r5i6 poat! B
dallzat ,i @ u
u{r
dispozid?
t. Eletefoeza
Elocrrcturza oste o meiodt Azic! de ana.ltzi ce tstivn, buat! p
hlgrarea porttcrilolor cototds.Ie, cilo au sarctd electltce, tltr_s
cimp elocPar6culel6 coloidal6 cale au salclnl lsfi.e
loztqve misEed tnt {
solu! pdu ca!. lreo E @!@t ietdo Otlil atrs6 do
Fkl @gsdy (catod),
lar pardcd6l cotoidalo ou ssctrr 6l6c!!lcA b6g.ded sttgEed Erld arlase d6
pohr poztav (erod), r,ttgrara lErd@leto. ftE!r!8t6
lozifiv se lrmoqro eaJo_
!&99@X9:e-EE!ts-r9Egr (arboib.og ode o t6todd ioad rH6stlrt. Patt&tnob @rokLl. llSre{rd h-o b.athr &Ud .dtortEt,
2)
ptu:Ut{
ilt)lbri@oelu$ot{d!6.
a..s.tI h6todi, Dr8t!I6 Fdidreror Dd dcFilde tr d. aB rr.tod, cu slrt ld,lortBi Ftucderc @brihb il D.ald !.!o., l@oae61 da
tu
9-
forza
nltn letrtr electtufi@! tEtnte B! atb{ lorr do dthoslut u!tfo!me, o gFBlDe 6tft,@I !d o p@nat6 <bos6ttt! t96% @ldlortr). In Dr@6t Be
folo6elc tr 6!6c1!t hlftra wnd:(s u.l tl
.4 !t ht d6 Sclt6tch6r-s.brd !!.
2024 qt 204s. El.tti de et4tFnorsztr s plsbeMe to @t ds cartotr, fdr! a s6
lrdol, l6rltl d M6hri6 {l pEl Chd .o l@!ti'I, oFrstoNl i!6hd. sI !
foarto oral ! EllDI, ds.re. g!&tmea de rB btid mud&.it. hlrua qI ntgruoa 63te tmll6drcdl. CoUl6 d,o tt!U. 16 td. h b.nzl lat. d.3-5 cm, dupn
Etutta de
D!t! cuvr
6lootc
io!z!:
a- !.r6ta1o cuEt; b- lsheb a soluSo t D!o: c- ol6oi$d d pllttllr dbstdd d. hlltto tuth.! StE 661. d6ud jdortdrl; e- capldl @vel.
er*ttod
de
jghEalurt
4 !tu! bozilo
il blrde d lectrcforezd,
Dietii-battltuat de rodu
2,O7 E
15g
-ut
ittl.. i! cdul -
tl
curhrl
Be
w! dd !6
leDda d,o
alba6ir do
pot
pEru$@1
ire
d cdtitat6. de
bemf@ol coloEt ed6 se 6x@,1 !e
pet6lne. Compozilia &luHei @lorante vsria2d dlpl drferili aut rl, Se fol@ett6 de obtc.t u6lioda lo@dI d eluF6 @rorot!:
Albat d blml@l
1g
Solufl. sat{rat! de suloat @E6tr tr al@t etillc 100 ml
in cdril eleotelore4i 6erilui, so Ioloette o soluite d
J.
Clonatoglatra
ra comloneltllor 6 !o.t
6ace prh:
qrcdatosllfr
1)
de aiboibdo (b coto{nl), c{. Be bazeet !6 6d&rE
jal ib o stt! su!.t@H.
s6letiv{
!
con!@nFror
tta
ca ae6t ad6o ana r. Fde 610.1, to ldDtEq @tce @!p 6d!o!bet
(oxld de a.hhh, drUcaF de al@idu, a4ue, ca.t@.r {te calctu, tale,aeldd
ticd;
6e
lsi
str
P@tN doza@ se s6ate @loae ito a{,6orh.ni iU! tu!, iar dup! ac6e,
fi@ere stlet sopuat esLe irtrdt E trr-.pnbert a etmt; 6e i&o dozsea
.ubtaDtsl .tlatlncEte prh peed@ ctlmice sau @io.iDt"rcc.
pe
coflcl@tul de
deacldr
NmeEte
Iufle apoas! s
solBt
E &toBeEte
6 allEre
,t
tnrteot
tl
(6c.94).
f4 pdrt4. eupe'io'd
a c'msrel 3e
de trui
gle& tui .e ta! buts
ta JglshEt, S cale .e
jgl6abulul
bttodrce &l@lul. De o F!t6 6l a&a s
e gnse h6eir6 parale1e cu jshe,bur, F cu6 6. rcr agrra benztl d tirtio ctustogBtrc!.
Pe b6nda d6 hlrtie de flIttu ltri.i! cdvenabil ! aplic{ @ volum de
0,01 ol dir p&d@l il,e daltzat, slb foma ret lete b aFo*toauv I co de
ca!&l, se lu, 6, se @ce, spol s tnteduce @ cap&ul S jghahn cu solvdt,
6r6uh+ de baghota d6 sticu; nlrtta 66 1a6! si adae yoltical, stlel ca p.ts e slutie & an lirat s! se afle cm lr 2 ctu eub bagletl.
tu! cip adtato, }llth .e tmpleg@az{ cu eli@t, @rc se va 34!ge
pljr hitts (idgue). lrlgdea dueaz6. ole sau zlle. h nre$e de Detode tI
plodc. In m@tri to c.r 6olv td a d@ ta patd d.oru$e de ediz&t,
.ubtelele din pdttr 6e dgll*eEz! o dat{ ou solv6nqrli rlte!! d. ilsplad. 3
@hpo@Sr@ m 4te eSEr! c! a soivatului. ci edt prF4!oD$ e gradd
ile slubUitate &l coEp@tu1ul. Dup!. mtgxsr6, }lltta B6 .@dq s r:@! tt
coE!@@lil se FE tl evtdn l @ dmlfl colore$ Bpemd (develolore). 60
,ro.t &ce gI exeorl cetitatlv, plID decup8!! (,mD@eltuhi @lont, elsr
' tl clCE Dtl! @de colo metdc6.
I'i9.94. Cabeld d crcDalogra6e:
!- jdi@ttt 2- bera d rulilorei B- schersr
4- hlnt6 d6 liltn.
k. U!&&-I3!&eu4&s
Metodelg ladtochlmlce 66 bazeazd pe m&urara
ladioaciiltt{lti izoto-
1. U9tsgc-.ggcse4r:!s!4!
ut solusl
coloidlre
fizicl
do
mii, st6
d6 mU qt 6lUar
-246pdr$cdei'Abd h_
larttculet, Sind ilir@t prclo4iona16 cu acsalte; 2i lsluol
vlB prcpoiFon r o sluul eceBtela; cu clt puttculE are wlmul rot m!re,
!1 depluaft Ya lrttltrt E ru6! mst hue de Eolequle .le &'ei de dtuF$te
tlocue vs tocetilt doptasdes pducdeti 3) vtscozltdoa DediDlui de dt8p!sI., frbd t@!s propor$@sld cu sco&sta; 4) mdrlhea 3@i!ii eletlice 3 !fflculotor @lotdale, firnd hrerB pepoliloDEl6 cu &etltai o cft s.tlDa loctdci s puHcderor cololdalo este mal ma!e, cu Euit @6t.3o re8dlg cu o
brll nlt n@ tr *dlDntoel mal ldl. strEttEcalos tl sePat.M Ddrll'ulolor cotordal6 td lma contdtuglrlt .6 polio fotograEE h lErnl Donoc!@s-
Uttncatrlfigsei a io.t pu3! la pulci do .wil6td sEdtr8' Ptnbulole colotdde .o poat c1!.1!c. !I hotoda lrtlscort tl)gtrttt' d'+{ vltat! d
3t!.trncaB !i @ltl9 s@dhcrg (6)
Prr! ultracotdtugirt . Poi sepa!tr pptotele Dl,htdc6' Ii ulha.entdtugcl6 noat.m, p.6ts a evlla f!csroi, l.gtrrolo lo6tdlcs tld Elo'dt
pdtru 3
cu t0snE d..61 3ub !F.tur., !dLlclrdu-.o f!6oaEs h n'lllmrei,
.o iut a rElrl tu.!a.
Ult@adtus.u ! rolo.tte tr latDritoslolo da coE6tlrl, d'oat'o
.p rtu$ e.t blrte codl.ltoar,
rtLTiU
trdlr
dd,
ritttDrn
tiD!
su .Ip&&t o
tle do culonron po
D. T,UCRAItI PRACTICE
- Rccuoatierea
glucozel irr
utn!
cu hotoda Fellng.
-ua.
- Dozaea gravrmetric, a dbdnogaului dtu pldDr.
- Detetuimrea d@ttllii Erilei @ uoat6.iEet.d.
- Deteminare. poteleto! 6ed@ prtu met d. retusctohet.lcd.
- DetetutnrEo haEoglobhei cu hetodc SaNt.
- Detlmlddrt cu @lorimetnrt Duboscq- Detemtn[rt cu fotocoldhehul Itrtfdch.
- Dtetuln.rea hmoglobinei tn stoge drrptr bet <ll rreitmey..
ANDXi
&pn r4o}(lB qi
"--..i;:.
'\**,i