Working

1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer,

it steps down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It
has a capability of delivering a current of
500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value and the peak value
is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle of the A.C.
input Diode D1 is forward biased and acurrent I
flows inthe circuit in the direction S1 D1 ABEOS1.
During this time diode D2 is reverse biased. So it
does not conduct any electric current. During
the next half cycle the diode D2 is forward and
D1 is reversed. Hence D2 conducts current in the
direction S2 D2 ABEOS2 and D1 does not conduct
any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated. In
both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction ABE.
Even though the voltage across RL is
unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth
using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C
current. A resistor is then used to adjust the
output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all
A.C components from the supply and resistance
is adjusted for the required output. As this is a
simple circuit,only one capacitor and a
resistance are being used. But there will be
slight factor of A.C.current still left in the output
but it is negligible. The output Direct Current
and voltage light up the LED.