Vi - TCVN5017 1 2010

TIU CHUN QUC GIA
TCVN 5017-1 : 2010

ISO 857-1 : 1998
HN V CC QU TRNH LIN QUAN - T VNG - PHN 1: CC QU TRNH HN KIM LOI
Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 1: Metal welding processes
Li ni u
TCVN 5017-1 : 2010 thay th cho TCVN 5017 : 1989.
TCVN 5017-1 : 2010 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 857-1 : 1998.
TCVN 5017-1 : 2010 do Ban k thut Tiu chun Quc gia TCVN/TC 44 Qu trnh hn bin son,
Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
TCVN 5017 : 2010 (ISO 857) Hn v cc qu trnh lin quan - T vng bao gm 2 phn:
- Phn 1 (ISO 857-1 : 1998): Cc qu trnh hn kim loi
- Phn 2 (ISO 857-2 : 2005) Cc qu trnh hn vy mm, hn vy cng v cc thut ng lin quan.
HN V CC QU TRNH LIN QUAN - T VNG - PHN 1: CC QU TRNH HN KIM LOI
Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 1: Metal welding processes
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny nh ngha cc qu trnh hn kim loi v cc thut ng lin quan.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng
b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
ISO 4063 : 1998, Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
(Hn v cc qu trnh c lin quan - Danh mc cc qu trnh v cc s hiu tham chiu).
ISO 13916 : 1996, Welding - Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass
temperature and preheat maintenance temperature (Hn - Hng dn o nhit nung nng trc,
nhit gia cc lp hn v nhit nung nng trc cho bo dng).
3. Thut ng c bn
3.1 Hn kim loi
Nguyn cng lin kt kim loi bng cch nung nng hoc p hoc kt hp gia nung nng v p
bo m tnh lin tc ca kim loi cc chi tit c ni ghp vi nhau.
CH THCH 1: C th s dng hoc khng s dng kim loi in y c nhit nng chy bng
nhit nng chy ca kim loi c bn. Kt qu ca qu trnh hn l mi hn.
CH THCH 2: nh ngha ny cng bao gm cc qu trnh to ra lp ph kim loi trn b mt.
3.1.1 Hn p lc
Qu trnh hn thng khng c kim loi in y, trong ngoi lc c tc dng ti mc c th
gy ra s bin dng do nhiu hoc t ca c hai b mt c hn vi nhau.
CH THCH: Thng thng, nhng khng cn thit cc b mt c nung nng cho php hoc
thun li cho vic to ra qu trnh hn.
3.1.2 Hn nng chy
Cng vic hn c thc hin khng c tc dng ca ngoi lc m bng cch lm nng chy cc b
mt c hn vi nhau v thng c b sung nhng cng c th khng cn thit phi b sung kim
loi in y nng chy.
3.1.3 Ph b mt (bng hn)

To ra mt lp kim loi trn chi tit gia cng bng phng php hn t c tnh cht hoc kch
thc yu cu.
3.1.4 Ni (bng hn)
To ra mi ni bn lu gia hai hoc nhiu chi tit bng phng php hn.
CH THCH: Thut ng ny dng phn bit hn vi ph b mt.
3.2 Cht mang nng lng
Hin tng vt l cung cp nng lng cn thit cho hn bng cch truyn hoc bin i nng lng
trong cc chi tit gia cng (hn).
CH THCH 1: Trong iu 4 s dng cc cht mang (ti) nng lng vi cc s hiu tng ng
sau:
1 Cht rn
2 Cht lng
3 Cht kh
4 Cht phng in
5 Cht pht x (bc x)
6 Chuyn ng ca mt khi lng
7 Dng in
8 Khng c qui nh
CH THCH 2: Khi hn c s dng cc cht mang nng lng l cht rn, cht kh hoc cht phng
in th nhit cn dng cho hn phi c tc dng vo cc chi tit gia cng, trong khi hn bng
chm tia nng lng bc x, hn bng chuyn ng ca mt khi lng hoc hn bng dng in th
nng lng (hoc nng lng c hc trong hn ngui c p lc) c to ra bi s bin i nng
lng trong bn thn chi tit gia cng (hn).
i vi cht rn, cht lng v cht kh, yu t quyt nh l entanpi ca chng. Cht phng in v
dng in l cc c cu dn hng nng lng ca cc ht tch in chuyn ng ti vng hn.
Trong trng hp cht phng in nng lng ny c to ra bi plasma hoc tia la in v trong
mi trng dng in, nng lng ny c to ra bi nhit ca in tr. Khi c dng in chy qua
do cm ng hoc c truyn ti bi dy dn.
Bc x l s truyn nng lng di dng sng bi nh sng hoc cc chm ht tch in. i vi
chuyn ng ca mt khi lng, cc yu t c trng l lc v s dch chuyn theo thi gian. Cc
dng khc nhau ca chuyn ng l chuyn ng tnh tin, chuyn ng quay v chuyn ng dao
ng.
4. Thut ng lin quan n cc qu trnh hn kim loi
4.1 Hn p lc
4.1.1 Cht mang nng lng: Vt th rn
4.1.1.1 Hn chi tit c nung nng
Cc qu trnh hn bng p lc khi cc chi tit gia cng c nung nng bng dng c gia nhit trong
vng mi ni c hn.
CH THCH: Vic nung nng c th l nung nng khng i hoc nung nng mch ng v mi hn
c thc hin bng cch tc dng lc m khng c b sung thm vt liu in y. Lc c tc
dng bi dng c hnh nm hoc thng qua vi phun cp mt trong cc chi tit c hn.
4.1.1.2 Hn bng dng c hnh nm c nung nng
Hn chi tit c nung nng bng dng c hnh nm c nung nng.
Xem Hnh 1.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 B phn cp chi tit hn
3 Ngun in
4 Dng c hnh nm
5 Chi tit gia cng
Hnh 1 - Hn bng dng c hnh nm c nung nng
4.1.1.3 Hn bng vi cp chi tit hn c nung nng
Hn chi tit c nung nng bng vi cp chi tit hn c nung nng.
Xem Hnh 2.
CH DN:
1 Chi tit gia cng (hn)
2 Ngun in
3 Vi cp chi tit hn
4 Mi hn
Hnh 2 - Hn bng vi cp chi tit hn c nung nng
4.1.1.4 Hn bng u inh
Bin th ca qu trnh hn bng vi cung cp chi tit hn c nung nng khi m u mt ca mt

hoc hai dy thp c cp qua vi v c nung nng bng ngn la hoc bng phng in to
thnh git kim loi nh, di tc dng ca lc git kim loi ny c p phng thnh dng u m
inh.
CH THCH: Cng c th thc hin cc qu trnh hn 4.1.1.2 n 4.1.1.4 bng cht mang nng
lng, chuyn ng ca khi lng (hn siu m) hoc bng s kt hp ca c hai qu trnh trn.
Xem hnh 3.
CH DN:
1 Ngn la
2 Git kim loi nng chy
3 Ngun in
4 Vi cp dy
5 Chi tit gia cng
6 Mi hn
Hnh 3 - Hn bng u inh.
4.1.2 Cht mang nng lng: cht lng
4.1.2.1 Hn trong khun c c p lc
Hn p lc khi mi ni c t trong khun c v kim loi nng chy c rt ln cc b mt
c hn ti khi hon thnh c mi ni hn.
Xem hnh 4.
CH THCH: Kim loi nng chy thng c to thnh bi phn ng nhit nhm (xem 4.2.2.2)
CH DN:
1 Khun c
3 Mi hn
5 Kim loi nng chy
Hnh 4 - Hn trong khun c c p lc
4.1.3 Cht mang nng lng: cht kh
4.1.3.1 Hn bng ngn la oxy - kh t c p lc (47)
Hn p lc trong cc chi tit hn c nung nng ti cc b mt hn li vi nhau bng ngn la
oxy-kh t v mi hn c to thnh bng tc dng ca lc m khng c b sung kim loi in y.
Mi ni ghp ca cc chi tit hn c th l loi h hoc khp kn.
Xem Hnh 5.
a) Mi ni ghp loi kn
b) Mi ni ghp h
CH DN:
1 u c chn li
2 Mi hn
3 M hn
4 Ngn la hn
5 Chi tit gia cng hn
Hnh 5 - Hn bng ngn la oxy-kh t c p lc
4.1.4 Cht mang nng lng: Cht phng in

4.1.4.1 Hn gip mp vi h quang di chuyn dc theo mi hn (185)
Hn h quang p lc, trong h quang b mt t trng y di chuyn dc theo mi hn nung
nng cc b mt c hn, sau cc b mt ny c p li vi nhau bng lc v c hn li.
4.1.4.2 Hn xung (77)
Hn p lc khi s dng nhit t h quang c to ra bi s phng in nhanh. p lc c tc
dng c xung ng trong qu trnh hoc ngay sau s phng in.
CH THCH: Cng c th c s nung nng thm do in tr km theo. Qu trnh ny c s dng
ch yu cho hn cc vt cy.
4.1.4.3 Hn h quang cc vt cy bng nng chy v rn c vng gm hoc khi bo v (783)
Hn xung mt vt cy c u mt tip xc ban u vi chi tit hn v sau mi s phng in bng
cch nng u mt vt cy ln v bo v s phng in bng vng gm hoc kh bo v.
Xem hnh 6.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 H quang
3 Vng gm
4 Vt cy (chi tit hn)
5 Sng hn
6 L xo
7 Nam chm nng
8 Ngun in
9 Chi tit hn (gia cng)
Hnh 6 - Hn h quang cc vt cy bng nng chy v rn c vng gm hoc kh bo v
4.1.4.4 Hn h quang cc vt cy bng phng in ca t in (785)
Hn h quang vt cy c dng cht trong h quang c to ra bng s phng in vi dng in
c cng ln t mt t in nung nng gia vt cy v chi tit hn.
CH DN:
1 Vt cy
3 H quang
4 ng chn
Hnh 7 - Hn h quang cc vt cy bng phng in ca t in
4.1.4.5 Hn h quang cc vt cy bng phng in ca t in c u mi la dng chuyn
dng (786)
Hn xung mt vt cy khi h quang c mi bng s nng chy v bc hi ca mt u mt dng
chuyn dng ca vt cy bi dng in c cng ln.
Xem Hnh 8.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 u vt cy
4 H quang

6 Sng hn
7 L xo
8 Ngun in
Hnh 8 - Hn h quang cc vt cy bng phng in ca t in c u mi la dng chuyn
dng
4.1.5 Cht mang nng lng: s (cht) bc x
(Cho n nay cha c qu trnh hn no)
4.1.6 Cht mang nng lng: chuyn ng ca mt khi lng
4.1.6.1 Hn ngui bng p lc
Qu trnh hn ch s dng p lc tc ng lin tc to ra cc bin dng do ln.
4.1.6.2 Hn ngui bng chn dp
Hn ngui bng p lc trong cc khun chn dp c s dng nh cc g kp to ra s
bin dng v chy do yu cu.
Xem Hnh 9.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 g kp
Hnh 9 - Hn ngui bng chn dp
4.1.6.3 Hn ngui bng thc p
Hn ngui bng p lc vi vic s dng khun thc p chuyn dng.
Xem Hnh 10.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
3 Chy p
4 Khun thc p
Hnh 10 - Hn ngui bng thc p
4.1.6.4 Hn (bng) va p
Hn p lc trong cc chi tit gia cng c hn li vi nhau bng lc p. Nhit c to ra do
va chm t ngt s tham gia vo qu trnh hn.
4.1.6.5 Hn n (441)
Hn bng va p trong cc chi tit gia cng c hn li vi nhau khi chng va p vo nhau do
s n ca cht n.
Xem Hnh 11.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 Sng va p
4 Cht n
5 Tm di chuyn
6 Tm c bn
a) Hn n bc kim loi
CH DN:
1 ng
4 Tm dng ng
2 ng bo v
5 Dy n
3 Ngi n
6 Cht n chnh
7 Mi trng chuyn ng bng cht do
b) Hn n ng vi tm dng ng
Hnh 11 - Hn n
4.1.6.6 Hn bng xung lc ca t trng

Hn bng va p trong xung ca dng in c cng ln khi i qua mt cun dy bao quanh
cc chi tit hn to ra mt t trng sinh ra lc hn.
Xem Hnh 12.
CH DN:
1 ng (chi tit hn)
2 Nt (chi tit hn)
3 Ngun in
4 Mi hn
5 Cun dy nam chm
Hnh 12 - Hn bng xung lc ca t trng
4.1.6.7 Hn bng ma st
Hn p lc trong cc b mt hn ni vi nhau c nung nng bng ma st, thng bng cch
quay mt hoc c hai chi tit hn tip xc vi nhau hoc bng cch ch quay chi tit ma st; thng
thng mi hn c hon thnh bi lc p thc sau khi chi tit ma st ngng quay.
Xem Hnh 13.
4.1.6.8 Hn bng ma st vi ng dn ng lin tc
Hn bng ma st khi s dng chuyn ng quay c vn tc khng i.

Xem Hnh 13.
CH DN:
1 Phanh
3 Bavia
4 Mi hn
5 g kp
Hnh 13 - Hn bng ma st
4.1.6.9 Hn bng ma st vi qun tnh
Hn bng ma st trong nng lng quay c tch tr trong mt bnh c vn tc quay gim
lin tc.
Xem Hnh 14.
Hnh 14 - Hn bng ma st vi qun tnh

4.1.6.10 Hn bng ma st c qu o
Hn bng ma st trong mt chuyn ng c qu o c to ra ti mt phn cch ca mi hn
bng cch quay c hai chi tit hn vi cng mt vn tc, theo cng mt chiu nhng trc quay ca
mt chi tit hn c dch chuyn nh so vi trc quay ca chi tit kia.
Xem Hnh 15.
CH THCH: Khi kt thc chu k dch chuyn, cc chi tit hn li thng hng vi nhau v c hn
li.
Hnh 15 - Hn bng ma st c qu o
4.1.6.11 Hn bng ma st hng knh
Hn bng ma st trong mt vng c hnh dng thch hp c quay v nn hng knh trn hai
on chi tit, hnh tr rng to thnh mi ni hn a)
Xem Hnh 16.
CH THCH: Cng c th s dng k thut nong mt vng bn trong cc on chi tit hnh tr
rng to thnh mi ni hn b). Trong phng n th ba c), c th hn mt vng thng bng vt
liu khc vi mt ngoi ca thanh hnh tr c.
Hnh 16 - Hn bng ma st hng knh

4.1.6.12 Hn rn (43)
Hn p lc trong cc chi tit hn c nung nng trong khng kh trong l rn sau c hn
bng lc p ca ba hoc bt c lc xung no khc gy ra bin dng d ti cc b mt c
hn.
Xem Hnh 17.
CH DN:
1 e
3 Ba
4 Mi hn
Hnh 17 - Hn rn
4.1.6.13 Hn siu m (41)
Hn p lc trong cc dao ng c hc c tn s cao v bin thp kt hp vi mt lc tnh cho
php hn hai chi tit vi nhau nhit thp hn nhiu so vi im nng chy ca vt liu.
Xem Hnh 18.
CH THCH: C th hoc khng cn b sung thm nhit.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 Dao ng siu m
3 B chuyn i
4 Sonotrode
5 Dng c to rung
Hnh 18 - Hn siu m
4.1.6.14 Hn siu m c nung nng
Hn siu m vi e c nung nng ring trong qu trnh hn.
Xem Hnh 19.
CH DN:
1 e c nung nng bng in
2 Dao ng siu m
3 B chuyn i
4 Sonotrode
5 Dng c to dao ng
Hnh 19 - Hn siu m c nung nng
4.1.7 Cht mang nng lng: dng in
4.1.7.1 Hn in tr (2)
Hn p lc trong nhit cn thit cho hn c to ra bi in tr c dng in chy qua t i

din vi vng hn.
4.1.7.2 Hn im (21)
Hn in tr trong mi hn c to ra ti mt v tr trong cc chi tit hn gia cc in cc hn
im, mi hn c din tch xp x bng din tch ca mt nt cc in cc hn.
Xem Hnh 20.
CH THCH: Trong qu trnh hn cc in cc tc dng lc vo v tr (im) hn.
CH DN:
1 V tr (im) hn
2 in cc hn im
4 in cc hn im
5 Ngun in
a) Hn im trc tip (212)
CH DN:
1 Tm dn in
2 V tr (im) hn
4 Ngun in
5 in cc hn im
b) Hn im gin tip (211)
Hnh 20 - Hn im in tr
4.1.7.3 Hn ng (hn ln) mi ni chng (221)
Hn in tr trong lc c tc dng lin tc v dng in to ra lin tc hoc gin on mt lot
cc mi hn im ph chm ln nhau, cc chi tit hn c t gia cc bnh in cc hoc gia
mt bnh in cc v mt thanh in cc.
Xem Hnh 21.
CH THCH: Lc v dng in c truyn bi cc bnh in cc c chuyn ng quay lin tc
to ra mi hn ng lin tc hoc c chuyn ng quay gin on theo chng trnh to ra mi
hn ng khng lin tc.
CH DN:
1 Bnh in cc
2 Mi hn
4 Bnh in cc
5 Ngun in
Hnh 21 - Hn ng (hn ln) mi ni chng
4.1.7.4 Hn ng (hn ln) c cn phng (222)
Hn in tr hai chi tit hn c chiu dy nh nhau c t ph chm ln nhau mt on ti thiu
c th t c.
Xem Hnh 22.
CH THCH: Cc bnh in cc dt phng to ra mi hn c chiu dy hu nh bng chiu dy ca
mt trong hai chi tit c hn vi nhau.
a) Trc khi hn
b) Sau khi hn
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
Hnh 22 - Hn ng (hn ln) c cn phng
4.1.7.5 Hn ng (hn ln) trn di tip xc (226)
Hn ng trn mi ni hn ph chm ln nhau thng qua mt di tip xc c t mt mt bn
hoc c hai mt bn ca cc chi tit hn.
Xem Hnh 23.
CH DN:
1 Bnh in cc
2 Mi hn
3 Di tip xc
5 Bnh in cc
6 Ngun in
Hnh 23 - Hn ng (hn ln) trn di tip xc
4.1.7.6 Hn ng (hn ln) mi hn gin mp trn cc l kim loi
Bin th ca hn ng trn di tip xc trong cc chi tit hn c ni i tip vi bng hoc
dy kim loi c t hoc dn tip theo chiu trc ca mi ni hn p ln mt hoc c hai mt
(nh v chn) ca mi hn.
Xem Hnh 24.
CH DN:
1 Cc in cc
2 Cc l kim loi c dn hng vo vng hn
3 Cc vi phun lm mt
4 Mt ct trc khi hn
5 Mi hn hon thnh
Hnh 24 - Hn ng (hn ln) mi hn gip mp trn l kim loi
4.1.7.7 Hn g ni (23)
Hn in tr trong lc v dng in c nh v bi mt hoc nhiu g nh ra trn mt hoc
nhiu b mt c hn, cc g ny to thnh cc mi hn trong qu trnh hn.
CH THCH: Dng in v lc thng c truyn qua cc tm, g hoc kp.
Xem Hnh 25.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 in cc
4 Ngun in
5 in cc hn g ni
A Trc khi hn
B Sau khi hn
a) Hn g ni trc tip
CH DN:
2 Tm
3 Ngun in
4 in cc hn g ni
A Trc khi hn
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 Tm
4 in cc hn g ni
B Sau khi hn
b) Hn g ni gin tip
Hnh 25 - Hn g ni bng in tr
4.1.7.8 Hn gip mp in tr (25)
Hn in tr trong cc chi tit hn c t ni i u vi nhau di tc dng ca p lc trc
khi bt u nung nng. p lc c duy tr v dng in c php chy qua cc chi tit hn ti khi
t c nhit hn v to ra mi hn.
Xem Hnh 26.
CH THCH: Dng in v lc c truyn qua g kp.
CH DN:
1 g kp.
2 Mi hn
3 G li ca mi hn
4 g kp
6 Ngun in
A Trc khi hn
B Sau khi hn
Hnh 26 - Hn gip mp in tr
4.1.7.9 Hn chy gip mp (24)
Hn in tr trong cc chi tit hn tin dn v pha nhau trong khi dng in i qua ti cc im
c xc nh vi s tip xc nh nung nng kim loi tng t v n kim loi nng chy ra.
Xem Hnh 27.
CH THCH: Khi t ti nhit hn, vic tc ng nhanh ca lc s to ra g li ca kim loi v
mi hn c hon thnh. Vic nung nng ti tng t c th c tin hnh trc bng cch nung
nng s b. Dng in v lc c truyn qua g kp.
CH DN:
1 g kp
2 Mi hn
3 Ba via
4 g kp
5 Chi tit hn
6 Vng nung nng tng t (le sng)
7 Ngun in
A Trc khi hn
B Sau khi hn
Hnh 27 - Hn chy gip mp
4.1.7.10 Hn in tr vi dng in cao tn (291)
Hn in tr trong dng in xoay chiu c tn s ti thiu l 10 kHz c dn ti chi tit hn
thng qua cc cng tc c kh hoc c cm ng bi cun cm trong chi tit hn cung cp nhit
cho hn.
Xem Hnh 28.
CH THCH: Dng in cao tn c tp trung dc theo cc b mt c hn to ra nhit cc b

cao trc khi tc dng lc hn.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 Ngun in tn s cao
3 in cc hn
5 in cc hn
Hnh 28 - Hn in tr vi dng in cao tn
4.1.7.11 Hn bng dng in cm ng
Hn p lc trong nhit c to ra t in tr ca cc chi tit hn c dng in cm ng chy
qua.
Xem Hnh 29.
CH DN:
1 B phn cm ng (thanh cm ng)
4 Con ln p
5 Mi hn
3 Ngun in
a) Hn c s dng thanh cm ng
CH DN:
1 Ngun in
2 Cun cm ng
4 Con ln p
5 Mi hn
b) Hn c s dng cun cm bao quanh
Hnh 29 - Hn bng dng in cm ng
4.1.7.12 Hn vt cy bng in tr (782)
Hn in tr i vi vt cy hoc chi tit tng t.
Xem Hnh 30.
CH DN:
1 in cc hn g ni
2 Ngun in
3 in cc hn g ni
5 Mi hn
Hnh 30 - Hn vt cy bng in tr
4.1.8 Cht mang nng lng khng qui nh
4.1.8.1 Hn khuych tn (45)
Hn p lc trong cc chi tit hn c gi tip xc vi nhau di tc dng lin tc ca p lc v
c nung nng trn cc b mt c hn hoc trn ton b cc chi tit vi nhit xc nh trong
khong thi gian iu chnh c.
Xem Hnh 31.
CH THCH: Qu trnh ny dn n bin dng do cc b m c s tip xc kht hon ton ca
cc b mt c hn v s khuych tn ca cc nguyn t qua mt phn cch, to ra s lin tc ca
vt liu gia cc chi tit. C th thc hin nguyn cng hn ny trong chn khng c kh hoc mi
cht bo v, khng nn dng kim loi in y.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 Nung nng bng cm ng
4 Bung cng tc
Hnh 31 - Hn khuych tn
4.1.8.2 Hn cn
Hn p lc trong lc c tc dng dn dn bng cc con ln vn hnh bng c kh sau khi nung
nng bng cc bin php khc nhau.
Xem Hnh 32.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
3 Con ln
Hnh 32 - Hn cn
4.1.8.3
Bc kim loi bng cn
Hn p lc trong kim loi c bn lin kt vi kim loi bc sau khi nung nng cc chi tit gia cng
ri p li bng cc trc cn vn hnh bng c kh.
Xem Hnh 33.
CH DN:
1 Trc cn di
2 Kim loi c bn
3 Kim loi bc
4 Trc cn trn
Hnh 33 - Bc kim loi bng cn
4.2 Hn nng chy
4.2.1 Cht mang nng lng: vt th rn
4.2.1.1
Hn bng ma st ca mt trc
Hn nng chy trong nhit c to ra bi ma st gia mt trc ng quay khng nng chy v
cc chi tit hn (gia cng).
Xem Hnh 34.
CH THCH: Trc ng c di chuyn dc theo mi ni to ra mi hn gip mp.
CH DN:
1 Trc quay
Hnh 34 - Hn bng ma st ca mt trc
4.2.2 Cht mang nng lng: cht lng
4.2.2.1
Hn trong khun c
Hn nng chy trong mi hn c bao bc kn trong khun v kim loi in y nng chy c
rt ln trn cc b mt c hn ti khi to thnh mi hn.
4.2.2.2
Hn nhit nhm (71)
Hn trong khun c trong nhit cho hn thu c t phn ng ca hn hp oxit kim loi vi bt
nhm nghin mn, s chy ca hn hp to ra phn ng ta nhit lm nng chy kim loi in y.
Xem Hnh 35.
CH THCH: C th tin hnh nung nng trc hoc khng nung nng trc. Trong mt s qu trnh
hn cng c th b sung thm vic tc dng lc.
CH DN:
9 Cht cn
1 Nt x
10 Rnh thot
2 V ni
11 Ca nung nng trc
3 Lp lt bng vt liu chu la
12 Hp khun
4 Ti
13 u ngt
5 Bt chy
14 Mng x
6 Np ni
15 u rt
7 Cch nhit
8 ng
A Ni nu
B Mt ct qua khun
Hnh 35 - Hn nhit nhm
4.2.3 Cht mang nng lng: cht kh
4.2.3.1
Hn kh (3)
Hn nng chy trong nhit cho hn c to ra do t chy kh t hoc hn hp kh t vi oxy.
Xem Hnh 36.
CH DN:
1 Chi tit hn
2 Mi hn
3 Kim loi in y
4 Ngn la kh
5 Kh t v oxy
6 M hn kh
Hnh 36 - Hn kh
4.2.3.2
Hn oxy-axetylen (311)
Hn kh vi kh t l axetylen.
4.2.3.3
Hn oxy-propan (312)
Hn kh vi kh t l propan.
4.2.3.4
Hn oxy-hydro (313)
Hn kh vi kh t l hydro.
4.2.4 Cht mang nng lng: phng in (c bit l h quang in)
4.2.4.1
Hn h quang (1)
Cc qu trnh hn nng chy s dng h quang in.
4.2.4.2
Hn h quang in cc nng chy (101)
Cc qu trnh hn h quang s dng in cc nng chy.
4.2.4.3
Hn h quang in cc nng chy khng c kh bo v (11)
Cc qu trnh hn h quang in cc nng chy khng s dng kh bo v bn ngoi mi hn.
4.2.4.4
Hn h quang tay in cc nng chy (111)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c thao tc bng tay khi s dng que hn c thuc bc.
Xem Hnh 37.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 X
4 H quang
5 Que hn c thuc bc
6 Kim hn
7 Ngun in
Hnh 37 - Hn h quang tay in cc nng chy
4.2.4.5
Hn h quang bng trng lc vi que hn bc thuc (112)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy khi s dng que hn c thuc bc c kp cht trong c cu cho
php h que hn xung di tc dng ca trng lc.
Xem Hnh 38.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 X
4 H quang
5 Que hn c thuc bc
6 Thanh gi
7 Ngun in
Hnh 38 - Hn h quang bng trng lc vi que hn bc thuc
4.2.4.6
Hn h quang bng dy c li thuc t bo v (114)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy khi s dng dy hn cha thuc hn trong li, khng dng kh bo
v bn ngoi.
Xem Hnh 39.
CH DN:
2 H quang
3 Mi hn
4 M hn
5 u tip xc
6 Dy hn cha thuc hn trong li
7 Cc con ln cp dy hn
8 Ngun in
Hnh 39 - Hn h quang bng dy c li thuc t bo v
4.2.4.7
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn (12)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy khi s dng mt hoc nhiu dy in cc hoc dy in cc c li
thuc hn hoc thanh in cc, h quang c bao bc hon ton bi x nng chy do thuc hn
dng ht ph ln mi ni hn chy ra.
Xem Hnh 40.
CH DN:
1 B hn
2 X
3 Thuc hn
4 ng dn thuc hn
5 u tip xc
6 Con ln cp dy hn
7 in cc hn dng dy (dy hn)
8 H quang
9 Mi hn
10 Ngun in
Hnh 40 - Hn h quang di lp thuc hn
4.2.4.8
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn vi mt dy in cc hn (121)
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi ch s dng mt dy in cc hn.

4.2.4.9
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn vi thanh in cc (122)
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi s dng mt thanh in cc trn hoc li c thuc hn.
4.2.4.10
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn vi nhiu dy in cc hn (123)
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi s dng nhiu hn mt dy in cc hn.
4.2.4.11
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn c b sung thm bt kim loi (124)
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi s dng mt hoc nhiu in cc hn c b sung thm bt kim
loi.
4.2.4.12
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn vi cc in cc c li thuc hn (125)
Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi s dng mt hoc nhiu in cc c li thuc hn.
4.2.4.13
Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v (13)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy khi s dng mt dy in cc trong h quang v b hn c
bo v khi tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi bi kh c cung cp t ngun bn ngoi.
Xem Hnh 41.
CH DN:
1 Chi tit
2 H quang
3 Mi hn
4 Vi phun
5 Kh bo v
6 u tip xc
7 Dy in cc hn
8 Cc con ln cp dy
9 Ngun in
Hnh 41 - Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v
4.2.4.14
Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh tr, hn MIG (131)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c kh bo v l kh tr, v d nh acgon hoc heli.
4.2.4.15
Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh hot tnh, hn MAG (135)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c kh bo v l kh hot tnh ha hc.
4.2.4.16
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c li thuc hn trong mi trng bo v bng kh hot
tnh (136)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng bo v bng kh hot tnh khi s dng in cc
c li thuc hn.
4.2.4.17
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c li thuc hn trong mi trng bo v bng kh tr (137)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi trng bo v bng kh tr khi s dng in cc c li
thuc hn.
4.2.4.18
Hn MIG-plasma (151)
S kt hp ca hn MIG v hn h quang plasma.
4.2.4.19
Hn in-kh (73)
Hn h quang in cc nng chy c kh bo v khi s dng mt dy in cc hn to ra kim loi
lng ng trong b hn, kim loi ny c gi trong mi hn bng cc tm trt lm mt di chuyn
dn ln pha trn khi mi hn c hon thnh.
Xem Hnh 42.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
8 Chi tit hn
9 Cc tm trt
3 Ngun in
10 H quang
4 Lm mt bng nc
11 Kh bo v
5 Dy in cc hn
12 B hn
6 Cc con ln cp dy
13 Kim loi hn
7 Dn hng in cc
14 Lm mt bng nc
Hnh 42 - Hn in - kh
4.2.4.20
Hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v vi in cc khng nng chy (14)
Hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v vi in cc khng nng chy, v d nh in cc
vonfram.
4.2.4.21
Hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v l kh tr vi in cc vonfram (141), hn TIG
Hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v, khi s dng in cc khng nng chy, in cc vonfram
nguyn cht hoc c hot tnh trong h quang v b hn c bo v bng mt loi kh tr.
Xem Hnh 43.
CH THCH: Cng c th b sung thm kim loi in y.
CH DN:
2 H quang
3 Mi hn
4 Kim loi in y
5 Vi phun
6 Kh bo v
7 Tip xc in
8 in cc vonfram
9 Ngun in
Hnh 43 - Hn h quang trong mi trng kh bo v l kh tr vi in cc vonfram
4.2.4.22
Hn h quang plasma (15)
Hn h quang khi s dng plasma ca h quang c thu hp li.
CH THCH: C th bo v ph thm bng mt loi kh ph. C th b sung thm hoc khng b
sung thm kim loi in y.
4.2.4.23
Hn h quang plasma vi h quang trc tip
Hn h quang plasma trong ngun in cung cp c ni gia in cc v chi tit hn (gia
cng).
Xem Hnh 44.
CH DN:
1 H quang trc tip
2 Mi hn
3 Kim loi in y
4 Vi phun kh plasma
5 Kh plasma
6 Vi phun kh bo v
7 Kh bo v
8 Tip xc in
9 in cc vonfram
10 C cu nh la
11 Ngun in
Hnh 44 - Hn h quang plasma vi h quang trc tip
4.2.4.24
Hn h quang plasma vi h quang gin tip

Hn h quang plasma trong ngun in cung cp c ni gia in cc v vi phun to tia
plasma.
Xem Hnh 45.
CH DN:
1 H quang gin tip
2 Lp rp cho hn
3 Kim loi in y
4 Vi phun kh plasma
5 Kh plasma
6 Vi phun kh bo v
7 Kh bo v
8 u tip xc
9 in cc vonfram
10 C cu nh la
11 Ngun in
Hnh 45 - Hn h quang plasma vi h quang gin tip
4.2.4.25
Hn h quang plasma vi h quang bn trc tip
Hn h quang plasma trong h quang lc th trc tip lc th gin tip.
Xem Hnh 46.
CH THCH: Thng c dng gia cng sa b mt.
CH DN:
1 H quang bn trc tip
2 Lp rp cho hn
3 Kim loi in y
4 Vi phun kh plasma
5 Kh plasma
6 Vi phun
7 Kh bo v
8 Tip xc in
9 in cc vonfram
10 C cu nh la
11 Ngun in
Hnh 46 - Hn h quang plasma vi h quang bn trc tip
4.2.4.26
Hn plasma vi bt kim loi
Hn h quang plasma vi vic cung cp bt kim loi.
Xem Hnh 47.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 H quang trc tip
3 Vi cung cp kh bo v ph (ty chn)
4 Vi phun plasma
5 Kh plasma
6 Kh bo v ph (ty chn)
7 Vi phun kh bo v
8 Bt kim loi in y + kh bo v
9 Tip xc in
10 in cc vonfram
11 C cu nh la
13 Ngun in
Hnh 47 - Hn plasma vi bt kim loi
4.2.5 Cht mang nng lng: cht bc x
4.2.5.1
Hn laze (52)
Hn nng chy khi s dng mt chm tia sng n sc.
Xem Hnh 48.
CH DN:
2 Ngun sng
3 Ngun in
4 Gng elip
5 Thanh laze hoc ng cha kh
6 Chm tia sng
7 Chm laze
8 Thu knh
9 Kh bo v
10 Mi hn
Hnh 48 - Hn laze
4.2.5.2
Hn laze trng thi rn (521)
Hn laze trong s dng tinh th trng thi rn to ra laze.
4.5.2.3
Hn laze trng thi kh (522)
Hn laze trong s dng kh to ra laze.
4.2.5.4
Hn chm tia in t (51)
Hn nng chy khi s dng chm tia in t hi t.
Xem Hnh 49.
CH DN:
2 Bung cng tc
3 Chm tia in t
4 Cun dy li tia
5 Anot
6 Catot
7 Bung chn khng
8 Ngun in
9 Cun dy hi t
10 Mi hn
Hnh 49 - Hn chm tia in t
4.2.5.5
Hn chm tia in t trong chn khng (511)
Hn chm tia in t c tin hnh trong chn khng.
4.2.5.6
Hn chm tia in t trong kh quyn (512)
Hn chm tia in t c tin hnh trong kh quyn.
4.2.6 Cht mang nng lng: chuyn ng ca mt khi lng.
(Hin cha c qu trnh hn no).
4.2.7 Cht mang nng lng: dng in
4.2.7.1
Hn in x (72)
Hn nng chy khi s dng tc dng kt hp ca dng in v in t trong mt hoc nhiu in cc
nng chy v mt b x nng chy dn in c in cc i qua vo trong b hn, c b x ln b
hn c gi ti mi ni hn bi cc tm trt lm mt di chuyn dn t di ln trn.
Xem Hnh 50.
CH THCH: Sau thi gian phng h quang lc ban u, u mt ca in cc c bao ph bi x

lng v sau c nng chy lin tc ti khi mi hn c hon thnh. Cc in cc c th l cc
thanh hoc cc tm trn hoc c li thuc hn.
CH DN:
2 Ngun in
3 Lm mt bng nc
4 in cc
5 Con ln cp in cc
6 Km cp in cc
8 Cc tm trt
9 B x
10 B hn
11 Kim loi hn
12 Lm mt bng nc
13 Mi hn
Hnh 50 - Hn in x
5. Thut ng lin quan n cc k thut hn
5.1 Thut ng lin quan n cc phng php hn
5.1.1
Hn mt ng
Phng php hn trong mi hn c to thnh hoc lp hn c ng kt theo mt ng
hn.
CH THCH: Mi hn c th bao gm mt hoc mt s ng hn.
5.1.2
Hn hai ng
Phng php hn trong mi hn c to thnh hoc lp hn c ng kt theo hai ng

hn.
5.1.3
Hn nhiu ng
Phng php hn trong mi hn c ch to hoc lp hn c kt ta theo nhiu ng hn.
CH THCH: Cng c th xc nh theo s ng hn (v d "hn ba ng").
5.1.4
Hn mt pha
Phng php hn trong mi hn c ch to t mt pha (bn) ca chi tit hn.
5.1.5
Hn hai pha
Phng php hn trong mi hn c ch to t hai pha (bn) ca chi tit hn.
5.1.6
Hn hai pha vi mt ng hn
Phng php hn trong mi hn c ch to t hai pha (bn) ca chi tit hn theo mt ng
hn, mi ng hn ch c mt vt hn.
5.1.7
Hn hai pha ng thi
Phng php hn trong mi hn c ch to bng cch hn ng thi t hai pha (bn) ca chi
tit hn.
Xem Hnh 51.
CH DN:
1 u hn
3 u hn
4 Mi hn
Hnh 51 - Hn hai pha ng thi
5.1.8
Hn sang tri (hn tri)
Phng php hn kh trong thanh kim loi in y di chuyn pha trc ca m hn theo
hng hn.
Xem Hnh 52.
CH DN:
2 Thanh kim loi in y
3 M hn
4 Ngn la kh
5 Mi hn
Hnh 52 - Hn sang tri (hn tri)
5.1.9
Hn sang phi (hn phi)
Phng php hn kh trong thanh kim loi in y di chuyn pha sau m hn theo hng hn.
Xem Hnh 53.
CH DN:
1 Ngn la kh
2 Mi hn
4 M hn
Hnh 53 - Hn sang phi (hn phi)
5.1.10
Hn trn rnh hn hp
Phng php hn nng chy trong khe h gia cc chi tit hn hp. C th hn bng cc qu
trnh hn h quang in cc nng chy khc nhau, v d, hn h quang in cc nng chy trong mi
trng kh hot tnh, hn in-kh, v.v
5.1.11
Hn phn on ngc
Phng php hn trong cc on ngn ca mi hn c hn theo hng ngc li vi hng
hn chung sao cho phn cui ca mt on mi hn ph chm ln im bt u ca on mi hn
trc .
Xem Hnh 54.
CH DN:
1 Ngn la kh
4 M hn
5 Hng hn cc on ngn ca mi hn
6 on mi hn th hai
7 on mi hn th nht
8 Mi hn
Hnh 54 - Hn phn on ngc
5.1.12
Hn y
Phng php hn trong m hn c y i theo hng hn.
Xem Hnh 55.
CH DN:

2 Mi hn
3 M hn
Hnh 55 - Hn y
5.1.13
Hn ko
Phng php hn trong m hn c ko i theo hng hn.
Xem Hnh 56.
CH DN:
2 Mi hn
3 M hn
Hnh 56 - Hn ko
5.1.14 Hn lc ngang
Phng php hn trong ng hn c to ra bng cch cho m hn dao ng theo chiu
ngang so vi hng hn.
Xem Hnh 57.
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
3 M hn
Hnh 57 - Hn lc ngang
5.1.15
Hn nh
Phng php hn nh v ng v tr tng quan ca cc chi tit hoc b phn c hn vi nhau

bng cc mi hn im hoc cc on ngn ca mi hn.
5.2 Thut ng lin quan n cc c tnh c l ca mi hn
5.2.1
Hot ng hn
Hot ng trong cc chi tit gia cng c ni (lin kt) vi nhau bng hn.
CH THCH: Trong hn h quang, hot ng hn trng vi thi gian t chy ca h quang.
5.2.2
iu kin hn
iu kin ch to cc mi hn: cc iu kin ny bao gm cc yu t v mi trng (v d, thi
tit), cc yu t v ng sut v cc yu t cng thi hc (v d, ting n, nhit, trng thi lm vic b
g b) v cc yu t lin quan n cc chi tit hn (v d, kim loi c bn, dng rnh hn, v tr hn).
5.2.3
Thng s hn
D liu cn thit cho ch to mt mi hn c cht lng tt khi s dng qu trnh hn cho; cc d
liu ny bao gm, v d kim loi in y, cc thng s ch nh v c v in, nhit nung nng
trc, nhit duy tr khi hn v nhit gia cc lp hn, trnh t thc hin cc lp hn.
CH THCH: Mt s v d v biu ca cc thng s hn in c gii thiu trn Hnh 58.
CH DN:
1 Chu k
6 in p (dng in)
2 Thi gian thc
7 in p xung (dng in xung)
3 Thi gian xung
8 in p c s (dng in c s)
4 Thi gian suy gim ca dng in
9 Thi gian
5 Thi gian tng ca dng in

Hnh 58 - V d v cc thng s hn
5.2.4
Gc nghing ca m hn
Gc gia ng tm ca m hn v ng trc dc ca mi hn theo hng hn.
Xem Hnh 59.
CH DN:
2 Gc nghing ca m hn
3 M hn
4 Mi hn
Hnh 59 - Gc nghing ca m hn
5.2.5
Gc m hn
Gc gia ng tm ca m hn v mt phng chun trn chi tit hn c chiu xung mt phng
vung gc vi hng hn.
Xem Hnh 60
CH DN:
1 Gc m hn
2 M hn
Hnh 60 - Gc m hn
5.2.6
Tm vi ca in cc
Khong cch gia u mt ca ng tip xc v u mt ca dy in cc hn (dy hn).
5.2.7
Khong cch ng tip xc
Khong cch gia u mt ca ng tip xc v im mi h quang.
Xem Hnh 61.
CH DN:
1 Khong cch ng tip xc
Hnh 61 - Khong cch ng tip xc
5.2.8
Hng hn
Hng thc hin qu trnh hn.
CH THCH: Hng hn c nh r bi hng pht trin ca lp hn.
5.2.9
Tc nng chy
Tc ti kim loi in y nng chy.
CH THCH: Tc nng chy c biu th bng chiu di ca kim loi in y trn n v thi
gian.
5.2.10
Tc cp kim loi in y
Tc cung cp kim loi in y trong qu trnh hn.
CH THCH: Tc cp c biu th bng chiu di ca kim loi in y trn n v thi gian.
5.2.11
Tc hn
Tc tin ca thao tc hn theo hng hn.
5.2.12
Thi gian lm ngui
Thi gian lm ngui gia hai nhit cho thng c qui nh cho mt ng hn v vng nh
hng nhit tng ng.
V D:
t8/5 biu th thi gian lm mt t 800 oC xung 500 oC.
5.2.13
Thi gian nng chy

Thi gian dng cho vic lm nng chy kim loi in y.
5.2.14
Thi gian nung nng
Thi gian nung nng gia hai nhit cho thng c qui nh cho kim loi mi hn hoc vng
nh hng nhit.
V D:
t8/5 biu th thi gian nung nng t 500 oC n 800 oC.
5.2.15
Thi gian hn
Thi gian cn cho ch to mi hn (tr nguyn cng chun b hoc hon thin).
CH THCH: Thi gian hn bao gm thi gian (cho) sn xut hn v thi gian phc v (thi gian
ph).
5.2.16
Thi gian sn xut hn
Thi gian trong din ra thao tc hn.
5.2.17
Thi gian phc v
Thi gian thc hin cc nhim v lin quan n hn (v d, thay i in cc, tho x).
5.2.18
Thi gian duy tr s nung nng trc Tm
Nhit ti thiu trong vng hn phi c duy tr nu qu trnh hn b dng li (xem ISO 13916).
5.2.19
Nhit nung nng trc, Tp
Nhit ca chi tit hn trong vng hn ngay trc khi bt u bt c thao tc hn no.
CH THCH: Nhit nung nng trc thng c biu th l nhit ti thiu v thng bng
nhit ti thiu gia cc lp hn (xem ISO 13916).
5.2.20
Nhit gia cc lp hn, Ti
Nhit o c trong mi hn nhiu lp v kim loi c bn lin k ngay trc khi thc hin lp hn
tip theo.
CH THCH: Nhit gia cc lp hn thng c biu th l nhit ln nht (xem ISO 13916).
5.2.21
Nng lng ng, Ei
Nng lng in tiu th trong qu trnh hn mt n v chiu di kim loi mi hn v c tnh ton
theo cng thc sau:
Ei
IU
v
trong
U l in p hn;
I l cng dng in hn;
v l tc hn.
5.2.22
Nhit lng cp vo, Qi
Nhit c cp vo trong qu trnh hn da trn mt kch thc c trng nh chiu di ca ng
hn hoc mi hn, din tch mt ct ngang ca mi hn, ng knh ca im hn im.
i vi hn h quang, nhit lng cp vo c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
Q i = E i
trong :
Ei l nng lng ng;
l hiu sut nhit.

5.2.23
Hiu sut nhit,
T s gia nhit lng cp vo v nng lng ng
Qi
Ei
5.2.24
Hiu sut nhit tng i, '
T s gia hiu sut nhit ca bt k qu trnh hn no x v hiu sut nhit ca qu trnh hn h
quang di lp thuc hn, UP c biu th bi:
' =
x
UP
5.2.25
Dng nhit ba chiu
Dng nhit trong qu trnh hn xut hin song song v vung gc vi b mt ca tm thp hn.
5.2.26
Dng nhit hai chiu
Dng nhit trong qu trnh hn ch xut hin song song vi b mt ca tm thp hn.
5.2.27
Chiu dy chuyn tip, dt
Chiu dy ca tm thp hn ti din ra s chuyn tip t dng nhit ba chiu sang dng nhit hai
chiu.
CH THCH: dt ph thuc vo nhit lng cp vo.
5.2.28
Tc in y
Khi lng ca kim loi in y c tiu th trong mt n v thi gian sn xut hn.
5.2.29
Tc in y kim loi ton b mi hn
Khi lng ca kim loi ton b mi hn c in y trong mt n v thi gian sn xut hn.
5.2.30
Hiu sut in cc
T s gia khi lng ca kim loi ton mi hn c in y trong rnh hn hoc trn chi tit hn
v khi lng ca kim loi in y c tiu th, hoc dy c li thuc hn trong hn h quang in
cc nng chy vi in cc c v bc, c biu th bng phn trm.
5.2.31
T s in y
T s gia chiu di ca ng hn v chiu di ca thanh kim loi in y tiu hao.
5.2.32
Tc in y kim loi ca mi hn
Khi lng ca kim loi mi hn in y trong rnh hn trn mt n v thi gian sn xut hn.
5.2.33
Chiu rng lc ngang
Hai ln bin lc ngang ca thanh kim loi in y hoc dng c hn.
5.2.34
Bin lc ngang
Mt na chiu rng lc ngang
Xem Hnh 62.
CH DN:
1 Chiu rng lc ngang
2 Bin lc ngang
3 u hn
4 Chi tit hn
5 Mi hn
Hnh 62 - Chiu rng lc ngang, bin lc ngang
5.2.35
Tn s lc ngang
S ln dao ng ca thanh kim loi in y hoc dng c hn trong mt n v thi gian.
5.3 Thut ng lin quan n mi hn
5.3.1
im bt u hn
im trn chi tit hn ti qu trnh hn c hoc c bt u.
5.3.2
Mi hn nh
Mi hn dng nh v cc chi tit hoc cc cm chi tit c lin kt vi nhau v tr chnh xc cho
hn.
5.3.3
V tr mi hn nh
V tr trn chi tit ti qu trnh hn c hoc c thc hin.
5.3.4
Mi hn tm thi
Mi hn dng c nh tm thi g cho lp rp v c ty b i khi hon thnh cng vic hn.
5.3.5
ng hn c lc ngang
ng hn c to ra do chuyn ng lc ngang ca thanh kim loi in y hoc dng c hn.
5.3.6
ng hn khng c lc ngang
ng hn c to ra khi khng c chuyn ng lc ngang ca thanh kim loi in y hoc dng
c hn.
5.3.7
im bt u hn tr li
im trn chi tit hn ti qu trnh hn c hoc c hn tr li.
5.3.8
im kt thc hn
im trn chi tit hn ti qu trnh hn c hoc c dng li.
5.3.9
Vng hn
Vng trn chi tit hoc cc chi tit hn ti qu trnh hn c hoc c thc hin.
5.4 Thut ng lin quan n hot ng hn nh l mt hm s ca thi gian
5.4.1
Chng trnh hn nh
Chng trnh quy nh v tr v kch thc ca cc mi ni hn nh v trnh t hn nh.
5.4.2
Trnh t hn nh
Th t t cc mi hn nh.
5.4.3
K hoch hn
Chng trnh qui nh th t v hng hn cc mi hn trn chi tit gia cng.
5.4.4
Trnh t hn cc ng (lt) hn
Th t hn cc ng hn hoc lp kim loi in y.
5.4.5
Trnh t hn
Th t hn cc mi hn trn chi tit gia cng.
5.4.6
Qui trnh hn
Danh mc qui nh qui trnh hn y (v d, k hoch hn, cc iu kin hn, cc thng s hn).
5.5 Thut ng lin quan n g hn
5.5.1
Tm g lc bt u hn
Chi tit bng kim loi (hoc bng vt liu thch hp khc) c g t c th t c ton b
chiu dy ca kim loi mi hn ti im bt u ca mi hn.
5.5.2
Tm g lc kt thc hn
Chi tit bng kim loi (hoc bng vt liu thch hp khc) c g t c th duy tr c ton b
chiu dy ca kim loi mi hn ti im kt thc ca mi hn ( trnh hnh thnh vt lm cui
ng hn).
5.5.3
m lt
Chi tit bng vt liu thch hp dng ngn nga s st l ca b kim loi nng chy trong qu
trnh hn v cng c th c dng h tr cho vic hnh thnh ng hn c chn.
5.5.4
m lt c nh
m lt c thit k lin kt vnh vin vi chi tit gia cng sau khi hn.
5.5.5
m lt tm thi
m lt c thit k tho ra khi chi tit gia cng sau khi hn.
5.5.6
Vt liu hn
Tt c cc vt liu nh vt liu in y, kh, thuc hn hoc bt hn c s dng trong qu trnh
hn v cho php hoc to iu kin d dng cho vic hnh thnh mi hn.
5.5.7
m kh bo v
Vt liu ph (v d, kh to hnh) dng ngn nga s oxy ha pha chn mi hn v cng
gim ri ro gy st l b kim loi nng chy.
6. Thut ng lin quan n hn c kh ha
6.1
Hn tay
Qu trnh hn trong km cp in cc hn, sng hn, n hn hoc m hn kh c vn hnh
bng tay (xem Bng 1).
6.2
Hn bn t ng
Hn tay c s c kh ha vic cp dy hn (xem Bng 1).
6.3
Hn t ng
Qu trnh hn trong cc nguyn cng (thao tc) chnh (tr vic iu khin chi tit gia cng) c
c kh ha (xem Bng 1).
CH THCH: C th iu chnh bng tay cc phng n hn trong qu trnh hn.
6.4
Hn hon ton t ng
Qu trnh hn trong tt c cc nguyn cng (thao tc) hn c c kh ha (xem Bng 1).
CH THCH: Khng th iu chnh c bng tay cc phng n hn trong qu trnh hn.
6.5
Hn rbt
Hn hon ton t ng khi s dng tay my, c th c t chng trnh trc cho cc hng hn
khc nhau v cc cu hnh khc nhau ca chi tit gia cng.
Bng 1 - Cc v d v phn loi theo mc c kh ha
V d
Hn h quang trong
mi trng kh bo v
Loi chuyn ng
Hn h quang in cc
nng chy trong mi
trng kh bo v (13)
Dn
hng
u
hn/chi
tit gia
cng
Cp kim
loi in
y
iu
khin
chi tit
gia
cng
tay
tay
tay
Hn bn
t ng
tay
c kh
ha
tay
Hn t
ng
c kh
ha
c kh
ha
tay
Hn hon
ton t
ng
c kh
ha
c kh
ha
c kh
ha
Thut
ng
Hn h quang in cc
vonfram trong mi
trng kh tr Hn TIG
(141)
Hn tay
7. Thut ng lin quan n s lng u hn

Xem Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Thut ng lin quan n s lng cc u hn
iu s No
Thut ng
S lng cc u hn
Minh ha
7.1
Hn vi mt u hn
Mt
CH DN:
2 Kim loi in y
3 u hn
7.2
Hn vi hai u hn
Hai
CH DN:
1 Chi tit hn (gia cng);
2 Kim loi in y
3 u hn
7.3
Hn vi ba u hn
Ba
CH DN:
1 Chi tit hn (gia cng);
2 Kim loi in y
3 u hn
7.4
Hn vi nhiu u hn
Nhiu hn ba u hn
8. Thut ng lin quan n s lng cc in cc hn

Xem Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Thut ng lin quan n s lng cc in cc hn
iu s
No
Thut ng
S lng cc in cc
hn
Minh ha
8.1
Hn vi mt in cc hn
Mt
CH DN:
2 H quang
3 in cc
4 Ngun in
8.2
Hn vi hai in cc hn
Hai
CH DN:
2 H quang
3 in cc
4 Ngun in
8.3
Hn vi ba in cc hn
Ba
CH DN:
2 H quang
3 in cc
4 Ngun in
8.4
Hn vi nhiu in cc hn
Nhiu hn ba
9. Thut ng lin quan n vic b tr kim loi in y hoc in cc khng nng chy
Xem Bng 4.
Bng 4 - Thut ng lin quan n vic b tr kim loi in y hoc in cc khng nng chy
iu s
No
Thut ng
B tr kim loi in
y hoc in cc
khng nng chy
Minh ha
9.1
Hn vi cc in cc
song song
Bn cnh nhau v
vung gc vi hng
hn
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 Ngun in
3 in cc
4 H quang
9.2
Hn vi cc in cc t Bn cnh nhau v so
so le nhau
le vi hng hn
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 Ngun in
3 in cc
4 H quang
9.3
Hn vi cc in cc b
tr b i trc sau
Hai in cc c b
tr in cc ny sau
in cc kia theo
hng hn
CH DN:
1 Mi hn
2 Ngun in
3 in cc
4 H quang
9.4
Hn vi cc in cc b
Nhiu hn hai in
tr theo dy
cc c b tr in
cc ny sau in cc
kia theo hng hn
MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 Thut ng c bn
4 Thut ng lin quan n cc qu trnh hn kim loi
5 Thut ng lin quan n cc k thut hn
6 Thut ng lin quan n hn c kh ha
7 Thut ng lin quan n s lng u hn
8 Thut ng lin quan n s lng cc in cc hn
9 Thut ng lin quan n vic b tr kim loi in y hoc in cc khng nng chy

Vi - TCVN5017 1 2010

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vi - TCVN5017 1 2010

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 5017-1 : 2010

3.1.3 Ph b mt (bng hn)

Bin th ca qu trnh hn bng vi cung cp chi tit hn c nung nng khi m u mt ca mt

4.1.4 Cht mang nng lng: Cht phng in

5 Vt cy (chi tit hn)

4.1.6.6 Hn bng xung lc ca t trng

Hn bng ma st khi s dng chuyn ng quay c vn tc khng i.

Hnh 14 - Hn bng ma st vi qun tnh

Hnh 16 - Hn bng ma st hng knh

Hn p lc trong nhit cn thit cho hn c to ra bi in tr c dng in chy qua t i

CH THCH: Dng in cao tn c tp trung dc theo cc b mt c hn to ra nhit cc b

2 Chi tit hn (gia cng)

11 Ca nung nng trc

3 Lp lt bng vt liu chu la

16 Chi tit hn (gia cng)

Hn h quang di lp thuc hn khi ch s dng mt dy in cc hn.

2 Chi tit hn (gia cng)

Hn h quang plasma vi h quang gin tip

CH THCH: Sau thi gian phng h quang lc ban u, u mt ca in cc c bao ph bi x

Phng php hn trong mi hn c to thnh hoc lp hn c ng kt theo hai ng

Xem Hnh 52.

1 Chi tit hn (gia cng)

Phng php hn nh v ng v tr tng quan ca cc chi tit hoc b phn c hn vi nhau

2 Thi gian thc

7 in p xung (dng in xung)

3 Thi gian xung

4 Thi gian suy gim ca dng in

5 Thi gian tng ca dng in

Thi gian nng chy

l hiu sut nhit.

7. Thut ng lin quan n s lng u hn

8. Thut ng lin quan n s lng cc in cc hn

You might also like