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MihajloPupinWikipedia

MihajloPupin
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

MihajloIdvorskiPupin,Ph.D.,LL.D.(SerbianCyrillic:
,pronounced[mixjlodoski
ppin]9October1858[3][4]12March1935),alsoknown
asMichaelI.PupinwasaSerbianAmericanphysicistand
physicalchemist.Pupinisbestknownforhisnumerous
patents,includingameansofgreatlyextendingtherangeof
longdistancetelephonecommunicationbyplacingloading
coils(ofwire)atpredeterminedintervalsalongthe
transmittingwire(knownas"pupinization").Pupinwasa
foundingmemberofNationalAdvisoryCommitteefor
Aeronautics(NACA)on3March1915,whichlaterbecame
NASA.[5]

MihajloIdvorskiPupin

Contents
1
2
3
4
5

Earlylifeandeducation
StudiesinAmericaandPh.D
Pupincoils
ResearchduringtheFirstWorldWar
Contributionstodeterminingbordersof
Yugoslavia
6 MihajloPupinfoundation
7 Literarywork
8 PupinHall
9 Patents
10 Honorsandtributes
11 Privatelife
12 Legacy
13 Seealso
14 Notes
15 Furtherreading
16 Externallinks

Earlylifeandeducation
MihajloPupinwasbornon9October(27September,OS)
1858inthevillageofIdvor(inthemoderndaymunicipality
ofKovaica,Serbia)inBanat,intheMilitaryFrontierinthe
AustrianEmpire.Healwaysrememberedthewordsofhis
motherandcitedherinhisautobiography,FromImmigrant
toInventor(1925):

Pupinaround1890
Born

9October1858
villageofIdvorinBanat,Military
Frontier,AustrianEmpire(nowin
Serbia)

Died

12March1935(aged76)
NewYorkCity,NewYork,USA

Citizenship Serbian,American
Nationality Serbian
Fields

Physics,Invention

Almamater ColumbiaCollege
Doctoral
students

RobertAndrewsMillikan,Edwin
HowardArmstrong

Knownfor Longdistancetelephone
communication
Notable
awards

ElliottCressonMedal (1905)
IEEEMedalofHonor (1924)[1]
EdisonMedal[2] (1920)
PulitzerPrize (1924)
JohnFritzMedal (1932)
Signature

Myboy,Ifyouwishtogooutintotheworld
aboutwhichyouhearsomuchatthe
neighborhoodgatherings,youmustprovide
yourselfwithanotherpairofeyestheeyesof
readingandwriting.Thereissomuch
wonderfulknowledgeandlearninginthe

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worldwhichyoucannotgetunlessyoucan
readandwrite.Knowledgeisthegolden
ladderoverwhichweclimbtoheaven
knowledgeisthelightwhichilluminatesour
paththroughthislifeandleadstoafuture
lifeofeverlastingglory.[6]

Pupinwenttoelementaryschoolinhisbirthplace,toSerbianOrthodox
school,andlatertoGermanelementaryschoolinPerlez.Heenrolledin
highschoolinPanevo,andlaterintheRealGymnasium.Hewasone
ofthebeststudentstherealocalarchpriestsawhisenormouspotential
andtalent,andinfluencedtheauthoritiestogivePupinascholarship.
Becauseofhisactivityinthe"SerbianYouth"movement,whichatthat
timehadmanyproblemswithAustroHungarianpoliceauthorities,
PupinhadtoleavePanevo.In1872,hewenttoPrague,wherehe
continuedthesixthandfirsthalfoftheseventhyear.Afterhisfather
diedinMarch1874,thesixteenyearoldPupindecidedtocancelhis
educationinPragueduetofinancialproblemsandtomovetothe
UnitedStates.

WhenIlandedatCastleGarden,fortyeightyearsago,I
hadonlyfivecentsinmypocket.HadIbroughtfive
hundreddollars,insteadoffivecents,myimmediatecareer
inthenew,andtomeperfectlystrange,landwouldhave
beenthesame.AyoungimmigrantsuchasIwasthendoes
notbeginhiscareeruntilhehasspentallthemoneywhich
hehasbroughtwithhim.Ibroughtfivecents,and
immediatelyspentituponapieceofprunepie,which
turnedouttobeabogusprunepie.Itcontainednothingbut
pitsofprunes.IfIhadbroughtfivehundreddollars,it
wouldhavetakenmealittlelongertospendit,mostlyupon
bogusthings,butthestrugglewhichawaitedmewould
havebeenthesameineachcase.Itisnohandicaptoaboy
immigranttolandherepennilessitisnotahandicapto
anyboytobepennilesswhenhestrikesoutforan
independentcareer,providedthathehasthestaminato
standthehardshipsthatmaybeinstoreforhim.[7]

MihajloPupinin1916

BirthplaceofMihajloPupin

StudiesinAmericaandPh.D
ForthenextfiveyearsintheUnitedStates,Pupinworkedasamanual
laborer(mostnotablyatthebiscuitfactoryonCortlandtStreetin
Manhattan)whilehelearnedEnglish,GreekandLatin.Healsogave
privatelectures.Afterthreeyearsofvariouscourses,intheautumnof1879
hesuccessfullyfinishedhistestsandenteredColumbiaCollege,wherehe
becameknownasanexceptionalathleteandscholar.AfriendofPupin's
predictedthathisphysiquewouldmakehimasplendidoarsman,andthat
Columbiawoulddoanythingforagoodoarsman.Apopularstudent,he
waselectedpresidentofhisclassinhisJunioryear.Hegraduatedwith
honorsin1883andbecameanAmericancitizenatthesametime.

FirstmeetingoftheNACAin
1915(Pupinseatedfirstfrom
right)

HeobtainedhisPh.D.attheUniversityofBerlinunderHermannvon
Helmholtzandin1889hereturnedtoColumbiaUniversitytobecomea
lecturerofmathematicalphysicsinthenewlyformedDepartmentofElectricalEngineering.Pupin'sresearch
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pioneeredcarrierwavedetectionandcurrentanalysis.[8]
Pupincompletedhisstudiesin1883asoneofthebeststudents,especiallyinthefieldofphysicsand
mathematics,whichgavehimadiploma.Later,hewentbacktoEurope,initiallytheUnitedKingdom(1883
1885),wherehecontinuedhisschoolingattheUniversityofCambridge.HewasanearlyinvestigatorintoX
rayimaging,buthisclaimtohavemadethefirstXrayimageintheUnitedStatesisincorrect.[9]Helearnedof
Rntgen'sdiscoveryofunknownrayspassingthroughwood,paper,insulators,andthinmetalsleavingtraces
onaphotographicplate,andattemptedthishimself.Usingavacuumtube,whichhehadpreviouslyusedto
studythepassageofelectricitythroughrarefiedgases,hemadesuccessfulimageson2January1896.Edison
providedPupinwithacalciumtungstatefluoroscopicscreenwhich,whenplacedinfrontofthefilm,shortened
theexposuretimebytwentytimes,fromonehourtoafewminutes.Basedontheresultsofexperiments,Pupin
concludedthattheimpactofprimaryXraysgeneratedsecondaryXrays.WithhisworkinthefieldofXrays,
PupingavealectureattheNewYorkAcademyofSciences.Hewasthefirstpersontouseafluorescentscreen
toenhanceXraysformedicalpurposes.ANewYorksurgeon,Dr.Bull,sentPupinapatienttoobtainanXray
imageofhislefthandpriortoanoperationtoremoveleadshotfromashotguninjury.Thefirstattemptat
imagingfailedbecausethepatient,awellknownlawyer,was"tooweakandnervoustobestoodstillnearlyan
hour"whichisthetimeittooktogetanXrayphotoatthetime.Inanotherattempt,theEdisonfluorescent
screenwasplacedonaphotographicplateandthepatient'shandonthescreen.Xrayspassedthroughthe
patientshandandcausedthescreentofluoresce,whichthenexposedthephotographicplate.Afairlygood
imagewasobtainedwithanexposureofonlyafewsecondsandshowedtheshotasif"drawnwithpenand
ink."Dr.Bullwasabletotakeoutalloftheleadballsinaveryshorttime.[10][11]

Pupincoils
Pupin's1899patentforloadingcoils,archaicallycalled"Pupincoils",followedcloselyonthepioneeringwork
oftheEnglishphysicistandmathematicianOliverHeaviside,whichpredatesPupin'spatentbysomeseven
years.TheimportanceofthepatentwasmadeclearwhentheAmericanrightstoitwereacquiredbyAmerican
Telephone&Telegraph(AT&T),makinghimwealthy.AlthoughAT&TboughtPupin'spatent,theymadelittle
useofit,astheyalreadyhadtheirowndevelopmentinhandledbyGeorgeCampbellandhaduptothispoint
beenchallengingPupinwithCampbell'sownpatent.AT&Twereafraidtheywouldlosecontrolofaninvention
whichwasimmenselyvaluableduetoitsabilitytogreatlyextendtherangeoflongdistancetelephonesand
especiallysubmarineones.[12]

ResearchduringtheFirstWorldWar
WhentheUnitedStatesjoinedtheFirstWorldWarin1917,PupinwasworkingatColumbiaUniversity,
organizingaresearchgroupforsubmarinedetectiontechniques.[13]Togetherwithhiscolleagues,professors
WilsandMorcroft,heperformednumerousresearcheswiththeaimofdiscoveringsubmarinesatKeyWestand
NewLondon.Healsoconductedresearchinthefieldofestablishingtelecommunicationsbetweenplaces.
DuringthewarPupinwasamemberofthestatecouncilforresearchandstateadvisoryboardforaeronautics.
ForhisworkhereceivedalaudativefrompresidentWarrenG.Harding,whichwaspublishedonpage386of
hisautobiography.[14]

ContributionstodeterminingbordersofYugoslavia
In1912,theKingdomofSerbianamedPupinanhonoraryconsulintheUnitedStates.Pupinperformedhis
dutiesuntil1920.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,PupinmetwithCecilSpringRice,theBritishambassadortothe
UnitedStates,inanattempttoaidAustroHungarianSlavsinCanadiancustody.Canadahadincarceratedsome
8,600socalledAustriansandHungarianswhoweredeemedtobeathreattonationalsecurityandweresentto
internmentcampsacrossthecountry.Themajority,however,turnedouttobeUkrainian,butamongthemwere
hundredsofAustroHungarianSlavs,includingSerbs.TheBritishambassadoragreedtoallowPupintosend
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delegatestovisitCanadianinternmentcampsandaccepttheirrecommendationofrelease.Pupinwentonto
makegreatcontributionstotheestablishmentofinternationalandsocialrelationsbetweentheKingdomof
Serbia,andlatertheKingdomofYugoslaviaandtheUnitedStates.
AfterWorldWarI,Pupinwasalreadyawellknownandacclaimedscientist,aswellasapoliticallyinfluential
figureinAmerica.HeinfluencedthefinaldecisionsoftheParispeaceconferencewhenthebordersofthe
futurekingdom(ofSerbs,CroatsandSlovenians)weredrawn.PupinstayedinParisfortwomonthsduringthe
peacetalk(AprilMay1919)ontheinsistenceofthegovernment.[15]

MyhometownisIdvor,butthisfactsayslittlebecauseIdvorcantbefoundonthemap.Thatis
asmallvillagewhichisfoundnearthemainroadinBanat,whichbelongedtoAustroHungary,
andnowisanimportantpartofSerbs,CroatiansandSloveniansKingdom.Thisprovinceon
theParisPeaceConferencein1919,wasrequestedbytheRomanians,buttheirrequestwas
invalid.TheycouldnotnegatethefactthatthemajorityoftheinhabitantswereSerbs,
especiallyintheIdvorarea.PresidentWilsonandMr.Lancingknewmepersonallyandwhen
foundoutthatIwasoriginallyfromBanat,Romanianreasonslostitsweight.[16]

AccordingtotheLondonagreementfrom1915.itwasplannedthatItalyshouldgetDalmatia.Afterthesecret
LondonagreementFrance,EnglandandRussiaaskedfromSerbiasometerritorialconcessionstoRomaniaand
Bulgaria.RomaniashouldhavegottenBanatandBulgariashouldhavegottenapartofMacedoniaalltheway
toSkoplje.[15]
InadifficultsituationduringthenegotiationsonthebordersofYugoslavia,Pupinpersonallywrotea
memorandumon19March1919toAmericanpresidentWoodrowWilson,who,basedonthedatareceived
fromPupinaboutthehistoricalandethniccharacteristicsoftheborderareasofDalmatia,Slovenia,Istria,
Banat,Meimurje,BaranjaandMacedonia,statedthathedidnotrecognizetheLondonagreementsigned
betweenthealliesandItaly.

MihajloPupinfoundation
In1914,Pupinformed"FundPijadeAleksiPupin"withintheSerbianAcademyofSciencesandArts[17]to
commemoratehismotherOlimpijadaforallthesupportshegavehimthroughlife.Fundassetswereusedfor
helpingschoolsinoldSerbiaandMacedonia,andscholarshipswereawardedeveryyearontheSaintSavaday.
OnestreetinOhridwasnamedafterMihajloPupinin1930tohonourhisefforts.Healsoestablishedaseparate
"MihajloPupinfund"whichhefundedfromhisownpropertyintheKingdomofYugoslavia,whichhelater
gaveto"Privrednik"forschoolingofyoungpeopleandforprizesin"exceptionalachievementsinagriculture",
aswellasforIdvorforgivingprizestopupilsandtohelpthechurchdistrict.[18]
ThankstoPupinsdonations,thelibraryinIdvorgotareadingroom,schoolingofyoungpeopleforagriculture
scienceswasfounded,aswellastheelectrificationandwaterplantinIdvor.[19]Pupinestablishedafoundation
inthemuseumofNaturalHistoryandArtsinBelgrade.Thefundsofthefoundationwereusedtopurchase
artisticworksofSerbianartistsforthemuseumandfortheprintingofcertainpublications.Pupininvesteda
milliondollarsinthefundsofthefoundation.[18]
In1909,heestablishedoneoftheoldestSerbianemigrantorganizationsintheUnitedStatescalled"Unionof
SerbsSloga."TheorganizationhadamissiontogatherSerbsinimmigrationandofferhelp,aswellas
keepingethnicandculturalvalues.Thisorganizationlatermergedwiththreeotherimmigrantsocieties.[20]
OtheremigrantorganizationsintoonelargeSerbiannationalfoundation,andPupinwasoneofitsfoundersand
alongtimepresident(19091926)).
Healsoorganized"Kolosrpskihsestara"(English:CircleofSerbiansisters)whogatheredhelpfortheSerbian
RedCross,andhealsohelpedthegatheringofvolunteerstotraveltoSerbiaduringtheFirstWorldWarwith
thehelpoftheSerbianpatrioticorganizationcalledthe"SerbianNationalDefenseCouncil"whichhefounded
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andled.Later,atthestartoftheSecondWorldWarthisorganizationwasrehabilitatedbyJovanDuiand
workedwiththesamegoal.PupinguaranteedthedeliveryoffoodsuppliestoSerbiawithhisownresources,
andhealsowastheheadofthecommitteethatprovidedhelptothevictimsofwar.HealsofoundedtheSerbian
societyforhelpingchildrenwhichprovidedmedicine,clothesandshelterforwarorphans.[21]

Literarywork
Besideshispatentshepublishedseveraldozenscientificdisputes,
articles,reviewsanda396pageautobiographyunderthenameMichael
Pupin,FromImmigranttoInventor(Scribner's,1923).[22]Hewonthe
annualPulitzerPrizeforBiographyorAutobiography.[23][24]Itwas
publishedinSerbianin1929underthetitleFrompasturestoscientist
(Odpanjakadonauenjaka).[25]Besidethishealsopublished:
PupinMichael:DerOsmotischeDruchundSeineBeziehungzur
FreienEnergie,InauguralDissertationzurErlangungder
Doctorwurde,BuchdruckereivonGustavShade,Berlin,June,
PupinHallatColumbiaUniversity
1889.
PupinMichael:ThermodynamicsofReversibleCyclesinGases
andSaturatedVapors,JohnWiley&Sons.1894.
PupinMichael:SerbianOrthodoxChurch,J.Murray.London,1918.
PupinMichael:Yugoslavia.(InAssociationforInternationalConciliationAmer.BranchYugoslavia).
AmericanAssociationforInternationalConciliation.1919.
PupinMichael:TheNewReformationfromPhysicaltoSpiritualRealities,Scribner,NewYork,1927.
PupinMichael:RomanceoftheMachine,Scribner,NewYork,1930.
PupinMichael:DiscussionbyM.PupinandotherprominentengineersinTowardCivilization,editedby
C.A.Beard.Longmans,Green&Co.NewYork,1930.

PupinHall
ColumbiaUniversity'sPhysicalLaboratoriesbuilding,builtin1927,isnamedPupinHallinhishonor.It
housesthephysicsandastronomydepartmentsoftheuniversity.DuringPupin'stenure,HaroldC.Urey,inhis
workwiththehydrogenisotopedeuteriumdemonstratedtheexistenceofheavywater,thefirstmajorscientific
breakthroughinthenewlyfoundedlaboratories(1931).In1934UreywasawardedtheNobelPrizein
ChemistryfortheworkheperformedinPupinHallrelatedtohisdiscoveryof"heavyhydrogen".[26]

Patents
Pupinreleasedabout70technicalarticlesandreviews[27]and34patents.[28]
PatentsreleasedinAmerica
Numberofpatent
U.S.Patent519,346(https://www.google.com/patents/US519346)Apparatusfortelegraphicortelephonic
transmission
U.S.Patent519,347(https://www.google.com/patents/US519347)Transformerfortelegraphic,telephonicor
otherelectricalsystems
U.S.Patent640,515(https://www.google.com/patents/US640515)Artofdistributingelectricalenergyby
alternatingcurrents
U.S.Patent640,516(https://www.google.com/patents/US640516)Electricaltransmissionbyresonance
circuits
U.S.Patent652,230(https://www.google.com/patents/US652230)Artofreducingattenuationofelectrical
wavesandapparatustherefore

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Date
8May1894
8May1894
2January
1900
2January
1900
19June1900

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Numberofpatent
Date
U.S.Patent652,231(https://www.google.com/patents/US652231)Methodofreducingattenuationofelectrical
19June1900
wavesandapparatustherefore
15April
U.S.Patent697,660(https://www.google.com/patents/US697660)Windingmachine
1902
12August
U.S.Patent707,007(https://www.google.com/patents/US707007)Multipletelegraphy
1902
12August
U.S.Patent707,008(https://www.google.com/patents/US707008)Multipletelegraphy
1902
U.S.Patent713,044(https://www.google.com/patents/US713044)Producingasymmetricalcurrentsfrom
4November
symmetricalalternatingelectromotiveprocess
1902
23August
U.S.Patent768,301(https://www.google.com/patents/US768301)Wirelesselectricalsignalling
1904
U.S.Patent761,995(https://www.google.com/patents/US761995)Apparatusforreducingattenuationof
7June1904
electricwaves
16March
U.S.Patent1,334,165(https://www.google.com/patents/US1334165)Electricwavetransmission
1920
U.S.Patent1,336,378(https://www.google.com/patents/US1336378)Antennawithdistributedpositive
6April1920
resistance
3December
U.S.Patent1,388,877(https://www.google.com/patents/US1388877)Soundgenerator
1921
U.S.Patent1,388,441(https://www.google.com/patents/US1388441)Multipleantennaforelectricalwave
23December
transmission
1921
U.S.Patent1,415,845(https://www.google.com/patents/US1415845)Selectiveopposingimpedanceto
9May1922
receivedelectricaloscillation
U.S.Patent1,416,061(https://www.google.com/patents/US1416061)Radioreceivingsystemhavinghigh
10May1922
selectivity
U.S.Patent1,456,909(https://www.google.com/patents/US1456909)Waveconductor
29May1922
24April
U.S.Patent1,452,833(https://www.google.com/patents/US1452833)Selectiveamplifyingapparatus
1923
23February
U.S.Patent1,446,769(https://www.google.com/patents/US1446769)Aperiodicpilotconductor
1923
U.S.Patent1,488,514(https://www.google.com/patents/US1488514)Selectiveamplifyingapparatus
1April1923
U.S.Patent1,494,803(https://www.google.com/patents/US1494803)Electricaltuning
29May1923
29April
U.S.Patent1,503,875(https://www.google.com/patents/US1503875)Toneproducingradioreceiver
1923

Honorsandtributes
MemberofAmericanPhysicalSociety
MihajloPupinwas:[29][30]
PresidentoftheInstituteofRadioEngineers,USA
(1917)
PresidentofAmericanInstituteofElectrical
Engineers(192526).
PresidentofAmericanAssociationforthe
AdvancementofSciences
PresidentofNewYorkAcademyofSciences
HonorarymemberofGermanElectricalSociety
HonorarymemberofAmericanInstituteofElectrical
Engineers
MemberofNationalAcademyofSciences
MemberofFrenchAcademyofSciences
MemberofSerbianAcademyofsciences
MemberofAmericanMathematicalSociety
MemberofAmericanPhilosophicalSociety
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Titles
Doctorofscience,ColumbiaUniversity(1904)
Honorabledoctorofscience,JohnsHopkins
University(1915)
Doctorofscience,PrincetonUniversity(1924)
Honorabledoctorofscience,NewYorkUniversity
(1924)
Honorabledoctorofscience,MuhlenbergCollege
(1924)
Doctorofengineering,CaseSchoolofApplied
Science(1925)
Doctorofscience,GeorgeWashingtonUniversity
(1925)
Doctorofscience,UnionCollege(1925)
Honorabledoctorofscience,MarietteCollege(1926)
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Honorabledoctorofscience,UniversityofCalifornia
(1926)
Doctorofscience,RutgersUniversity(1926)
Honorabledoctorofscience,DelawareUniversity
(1926)
Honorabledoctorofscience,CanyonCollege(1926)
Doctorofscience,BrownUniversity(1927)
Doctorofscience,RochesterUniversity(1927)
Honorabledoctorofscience,MiddleburyCollege
(1928)
Doctorofscience,UniversityinBelgrade(1929)
Doctorofscience,UniversityinPrague(1929)
Medals
EliotKressonMedalofFranklinInstitute(1902)
HerbertawardofFrenchacademy(1916)
Edison'smedalofAmericanInstituteofElectrical
Engineers(1919)
HonorablemedalofAmericanradioinstitute(1924)
Honorablemedalofinstituteofsocialsciences(1924)
PrizeGeorgeWashingtonfromwesternassociationof
engineers(1928)
Whiteeagle,firstdegree,KingdomofYugoslavia
(1929)
Whitelion,firstdegree,thegreatestmedalofCzech
Slovakia(1929)
MedalJohnFritz,fourAmericannationalassociation
engineerselectromechanics(1931)[17]

Other
Pupinwaspicturedontheold50millionYugoslav
dinarbanknote.
HomepageworldwebbrowserGooglehasbeen
dedicatedon9October2011,to157thbirth
anniversaryofscientistMihajloPupin.Onthe
drawinginhonorofthePupinbirthsymbolically
representedasaboyandagirlwithtwodifferenthills
talkingonthephone.[31]
TheCentralRadioInstitutewasrenamedthe
TelecommunicationandAutomationInstitute
"MihailoPupin"inhishonorin1956.[32]
Asmalllunarimpactcrater,intheeasternpartofthe
MareImbrium,wasnamedinhishonor.[33]
HealsoservedontheboardoftrusteesforScience
Service,nowknownasSocietyforScience&the
Public,from1926to1929.
Honorarycitizen,cityofZrenjanin[34]and
MunicipalityofBled[35]
VariousstreetsandschoolsacrossSerbiaarenamed
afterhimBoulevardofMihajloPupin(incapitalcity,
Belgrade)ortenthBelgradegymnasiumMihajlo
Pupin,beingthemostfamousexamples.
AroadbridgeovertheDanubeRiverinBelgradewas
namedPupinBridgeinhishonorafterthevoteofthe
citizens.

Privatelife
AftergoingtoAmerica,hechangedhisnametoMichaelIdvorsky
Pupin,stressinghisorigin.HisfatherwasnamedConstantineand
motherOlimpijadaandPupinhadfourbrothersandfivesisters.In1888
hemarriedAmericanSarahCatharineJacksonfromNewYork,with
whomhehadadaughternamedBarbara.Theyweremarriedonlyfor
eightyears,becauseshediedfrompneumonia.
Pupinhadareputationnotonlyasagreatscientistbutalsoagreat
person.Hewasknownforhismanners,greatknowledge,loveofhis
homelandandavailabilitytoeveryone.Pupinwasagreatphilanthropist
andpatronofthearts.HewasadevotedOrthodoxChristiananda
prominentFreemason.

Pupin'sburialsiteinWoodlawn
Cemetery

MihajloPupindiedinNewYorkCityin1935atage76andwasinterredatWoodlawnCemetery,Bronx.

Legacy
HeisincludedinThe100mostprominentSerbs.

Seealso
ListofSerbs
NikolaTesla
Listofscienceandreligionscholars
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Notes
1.IEEEGlobalHistoryNetwork(2011)."IEEEMedalofHonor".IEEEHistoryCenter.Retrieved8July2011.
2.IEEEGlobalHistoryNetwork(2011)."IEEEEdisonMedal".IEEEHistoryCenter.Retrieved8July2011.
3.AlthoughPupin'sbirthyearissometimesgivenas1854(andSerbiaandMontenegroissuedapostagestampin2004
tocommemoratethe150thanniversaryofhisbirth),peerreviewedsourceslisthisbirthyearas1858.See:
DanielMartinDumych,"Pupin,MichaelIdvorsky(4Oct.185812Mar.1935)(http://www.anb.org/articles/1
3/1301339.html?a=1&n=Pupin&ia=at&ib=bib&d=10&ss=0&q=1),"AmericanNationalBiographyOnline,
OxfordUniversityPress,2005.Accessed11March2008.
BergenDavis,"BiographicalMemoirofMichaelIdvorksyPupin(http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/mpupin.
pdf)",NationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesBiographicalMemoirs,tenthmemoirofvolumeXIX
(1938),pp.307323.Accessed11March2008.
AccordingtoPupin'sobituarynotice(http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=93460410&SrchMode=1
&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1205209275&clientId=1376
6)intheNewYorkTimes,(14March1935,p.21),hedied"inhis77thyear."AccessedviaProQuest,11
March2008.
4.TheTeslaMemorialSocietytributewebpage(http://www.teslasociety.com/pbust.htm),thoughdedicatedtoa"150
years"birthdaycelebrationin2004,includesaphotoofPupin'sgravestoneshowingthedates4October1858and12
March1935.Accessed9October2011.
5."NASAFirstMeeting".Nasa.gov.Retrieved20121227.
6.MichaelI.Pupin'sautobiography"FromImmigranttoInventor"(Scribner's,1925),p.12(http://radnaetika.org/conten
t/view/176/57/lang,en/)
7.FromImmigranttoInventorMichaelPupinGoogleBoeken.Books.google.com.20051130.Retrieved
20121227.
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Furtherreading
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihajlo_Pupin&printable=yes

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MihajloPupinWikipedia

MichaelPupin,"FromImmigranttoInventor"(CharlesScribner'sSons,1924)
EdwardDavis,"MichaelIdvorskyPupin:CosmicBeauty,CreatedOrder,andtheDivineWord."In
EminentLivesinTwentiethCenturyScience&Religion,ed.NicolaasRupke(Frankfurt:PeterLang,
2007),pp.197217.
BergenDavis:BiographicalMemoirofMichaelPupin,NationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnited
StatesBiographicalMemoirs,tenthmemoirofvolumeXIX,NewYork,1938.
DanielMartinDumych,PupinMichaelIdvorsky,OxfordUniversityPress,2005.Accessed11March
2008
LambiMiroslav:JedanpoglednaivotideloMihajlaPupina,UniverzitetuNovomSadu,Tehniki
fakultet"MihajloPupin",Zrenjanin,1997.
S.Bokan,MihajloPupininjegovodelo,NaunaizdanjaMaticesrpske,NoviSad,1951.
S.Gvozdenovi,ikago,AmerikaiVidovdan,SavezSrbauRumunijiSrpskaNarodnaOdbrana,
Temivarikago,2003.
J.Nikoli,FeljtonVeernjihnovosti,galerijasrpskihdobrotvora,2004.
P.Radosavljevi,Idvorskizasvavremena,NIN,Br.2828,2005.
R.Smiljani,MihajloPupinSrbinzaceosvet,EdicijaSrbizaceosvet,NovaEvropa,Beograd,2005.
SavoB.Jovi,HristovsvetosavacMihajloPupin,IzdavakaustanovaSv.arh.sinoda,Beograd,2004.
DragoljubA.Cucic,MichaelPupinIdvorskyandfatherVasaZivkovic,150thAnniversaryoftheBirthof
MihajloPupin,BanjaLuka,2004.

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