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GSM BSS Network PS KPI (Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments) Optimization Manual
GSM BSS Network PS KPI (Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments) Optimization Manual
Optimization Manual
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Product Name
Confidentiality Level
INTERNAL
Product Version
Total 39 pages
Prepared by
Date
Reviewed by
Date
Reviewed by
Date
Granted by
Date
2008-11-23
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Revision Record
Date
Version
Description
Author
2008-11-23
1.0
Draft completed
2008-12-25
1.0
2016-11-02
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Acronym and
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
PDCH
PCU
MS
Mobile Station
CQT
KPI
DT
Drive Test
GPRS
EDGE
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Contents
1 Basic Principle..............................................................................8
1.1 Definition...........................................................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Checking the Um Interface.......................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Checking Resources.................................................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Simultaneously Checking the Um Interface and Resources.....................................................................9
1.2 Theory Introduction...........................................................................................................................................9
2 Signaling Procedure....................................................................10
2.1 Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments........................................................................................10
2.1.1 Meaning..................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.2 Measurement Point.................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Number of Failed Uplink TBF Establishments...............................................................................................12
2.2.1 Meaning..................................................................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Measurement Point.................................................................................................................................12
2.3 Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts.............................................................................................12
2.3.1 Meaning..................................................................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Measurement Point.................................................................................................................................12
4 Cases.........................................................................................32
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4.1 Case 1 Extended Attach Delay Caused by Improper Settings of Power Control Parameters of an Indoor Cell
in Chengdu Network..............................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Case 2 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Settings of Frequency
Hopping Parameters in the Network in Czech Republic.......................................................................................34
4.3 Case 3 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Configuration of TMA Factor
in the Network in White Russia Network..............................................................................................................37
5 Feedback.................................................................................... 39
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Figures
Figure 2-1 Successful uplink TBF establishment in one-phase access.................................................................10
Figure 2-2 Successful uplink TBF establishment in single-block access.............................................................11
Figure 2-3 Successful uplink TBF establishment on PACCH..............................................................................11
Figure 2-4 Uplink TBF establishment in one-phase access..................................................................................13
Figure 2-5 Uplink TBF establishment in single-block access..............................................................................13
Figure 2-6 Uplink TBF establishment on PACCH................................................................................................14
Figure 3-1 Uplink TBF establishment (one-phase access)...................................................................................16
Figure 3-2 Overall flow.........................................................................................................................................17
Figure 4-1 Extended attach delay..........................................................................................................................32
Figure 4-2 Resending uplink data.........................................................................................................................33
Figure 4-3 Low transmit power the MS................................................................................................................33
Figure 4-4 Frame error rate at the G-Abis interface.............................................................................................35
Figure 4-5 Packet Uplink Assignment message....................................................................................................36
Figure 4-6 MA bitmap in a SI 13 message............................................................................................................37
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Tables
Table 4-1 Attach and ping test after adjustments..................................................................................................34
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Basic Principle
1.1 Definition
The Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is defined differently for the different
concerns of each telecom operator.
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Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments = 1 - Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS
TBF Establishments due to No Channel/Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment
Attempts
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Signaling Procedure
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2.
3.
Successful establishment of uplink TBF on the PACCH (establishment of the uplink TBF
with the downlink TBF)
In the case that the MS initiates an uplink TBF establishment request on the PACCH, if
the BSC sends the PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message and then receives the
uplink data block on the assigned channel from the MS, it indicates that the uplink TBF
is successfully established on the PACCH. Figure 3.1 shows the procedure of successful
uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH. Every time the BSC receives the uplink data
block from the MS after sending the PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message, the
counter Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments is incremented by one.
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2.
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2.
The MS generally establishes the uplink TBF using the one-phase access until the BSC sends
an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message instructing the MS to use the single-block access
procedure. The message contains the single block packet assignment construction or
multiblock packet assignment construction.
Figure 2.1 shows the procedure of uplink TBF establishment using single-block access. When
sending the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message, the BSC reserves the corresponding
radio resources on the data service channel for the MS to respond with a PACKET
RESOURCE REQUEST message.
As shown in Figure 2.1, every time the BSC receives a PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST
message from the MS, the counter Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts is
incremented by one.
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3.
Uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH (establishment of uplink TBF with the
downlink TBF)
The MS can request the establishment of an uplink TBF in a downlink TBF. The MS
sends a PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message carrying Channel Request
Description in a downlink TBF to initiate an uplink TBF establishment procedure. This
message is triggered by the transmission request of the LLC PDU at the upper layer of
the MS.
Figure 3.1 shows the procedure that the MS sends a PACKET DOWNLINK
ACK/NACK message carrying the Channel Request Description. Every time the BSC
receives an uplink TBF establishment request from the MS, the counter Number of
Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts is incremented by one.
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The procedure for uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access is described as follows:
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1.
2.
After receiving the Channel Request message on the RACH, the network starts the
internal signaling procedure. Based on the cause of the access request and cell attributes,
the network determines the immediate assignment type. For the establishment of an
uplink TBF using one-phase access, the network selects an appropriate encoding mode
for the uplink TBF and requests radio resources for the TBF based on the usage of
resources in the accessed cell. After the request is approved, the network assigns the
corresponding radio resources to the TBF and calculates the starting time of the TBF. At
the specified time, the network starts the uplink TBF and monitors the uplink RLC data
blocks sent by the MS on the assigned channel.
3.
When the request for radio resources is approved, the network sends an Immediate
Assignment message on the AGCH. The message carries the uplink packet assignment
construction assigned by the network to the MS, including TFI, USF (dynamic
assignment) or assignment bitmap (fixed assignment), channel encoding mode of RLC
data blocks, encoding mode of uplink RLC data blocks with TLLI, power control
parameters, polling bit, TAI (optional), and TBF Starting Time (optional).
4.
During the packet access and before the timer T3186 expires, if the MS receives an
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message for the downlink packet assignment procedure
on the AGCH, the MS must terminate the packet access procedure and respond to the
downlink assignment message based on the downlink TBF establishment procedure. The
MS stops sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message and assigns radio resources based
on the contents carried in the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message. At the TBF
Starting Time (optional), the MS accesses the assigned channel.
5.
On the assigned PDCH channel, the MS uses the encoding code carried in the
assignment message to send RLC data blocks for preemption decision. The RLC data
blocks contain TLLI.
6.
If the network receives an RLC data block on the uplink TBF, it indicates that the uplink
TBF is successfully established.
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The following takes the one-phase access procedure as an example to describe the
optimization method. The purpose is to locate the faulty signaling and NEs based on the
signaling flows. You can check the following flows step by step: check the transmission on
the Abis interface, check whether the assignment message is sent to the BTS, check the Um
interface in the downlink (whether the assignment message is sent to the MS), and check
whether the MS responds to the assignment message (whether an uplink data block is sent).
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In normal cases, the frame error rate is less than 10e-5 (1/10000). That is, each channel
receives one error frame every four minutes on average. In this case, the quality of links
is good, and the MS can stably transmit data.
2.
When the quality of links is poor, the frame error rate is less than 10e-4 (1/1000). That is,
each channel receives one to three error frames every minute on average. In this case, the
burst of error frames causes a low rate of the MS, large transmission delay, and even call
drops and network disconnection.
3.
When the frame error rate is greater than 10e-4, links are rather unstable. In this case,
out-of-synchronization occurs, and the number of out-of-synchronization TRAU frames
greatly rises. The MS can only perform services with low throughput requirements (for
example, upper-layer signaling or small WAP applications) and cannot perform services
with high throughput requirements (for example, FTP).
In practice, leased lines (for example, microwave satellite) are used for the transmission, and a
telecom operator cannot directly control the lines. Therefore, it is acceptable that the frame
error rate is less than 5/1000. If the frame error rate on the channels on a cell is high for a long
time, an error occurs on the transmission. In this case, you need to check transmission lines to
improve the network.
The related KPIs are listed in the following table.
KPI
Cell Level
Frame error
rate at the GAbis interface
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Total Number of Received TRAU Frames = Number of Received Normal TRAU Frames + Number of
Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames + Number of Received Check Error TRAU Frames +
Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames. In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the Number of Received
Empty TRAU Frames is not counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames cannot be directly
calculated. The Total Number of Received TRAU Frames should be equal to the Total Number of Sent
TRAU Frames. Therefore, when calculating the frame error rate on the G-Abis interface, you can
replace the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames with the Number of Sent Valid TRAU Frames plus
the Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames. In C12, the Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames is
counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames can be directly calculated through the
preceding formula.
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Nam
e
Meaning
Setting Principle
Value Range
T3168
Cell Level
Uplink Assignment
Success Ratio
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CCCH overload
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BSC Level
Cell Level
Equipment
fault
Available TCHs
Configured TCHs
TCH Availability
Insufficient Channels
Insufficient channels cause congestion, covering the following cases:
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1.
The channels configured for a cell are insufficient, and PS traffic is heavy. In this case, a
channel is multiplexed by the maximum number of MSs. You need to add static channels
and dynamic channels. In addition, you need to check the settings of PS channel
management parameters and set PDCH Uplink Multiplex Threshold to 70 (the
maximum value, indicating that a maximum of seven uplink TBFs can be multiplexed on
a PDCH).
2.
Check whether insufficient channels are caused by the preemption of dynamic PDCHs
by voice services. If the Number of Reclaimed Dynamic PDCHs and the Number of
Reclaimed Busy Dynamic PDCHs are large, it indicates that CS services are busy and
preempt channels of data services. In this case, you need to add static PDCHs. In
addition, you can set Level of Preempting Dynamic Channel to Control channels
cannot be preempted.
3.
If the Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments is low due no channel, but the
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments is high, you need to check whether
EGPRS dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured. If EGPRS
dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured, GPRS channels are
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insufficient. In this case, you need to convert some EGPRS dedicated channels or
EGPRS preferable channels to EGPRS ordinary channels, and set Allow E Down G Up
Switch to Open.
The related parameters are described as follows:
Name
Meaning
Setting Principle
Value Range
Maximum
Ratio
Threshold of
PDCHs in a
Cell
Value range: 0
100
PDCH
Uplink
Multiplex
Threshold
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Default value: 50
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Name
Meaning
Setting Principle
Value Range
Level of
Preempting
Dynamic
Channel
Value range:
If the PDCH is
configured as an EGPRS
ordinary channel, and this
parameter is set to open,
uplink GPRS services
and downlink EGPRS
services can be
multiplexed on the same
channel. Otherwise,
uplink GPRS services
and downlink EGPRS
services cannot be
multiplexed on the same
channel.
Allow E
Down G Up
Switch
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted,
Control channels
cannot be
preempted,
Dynamic channels
carrying services
cannot be
preempted.
Default value:
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted.
Default value:
Open
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Cause
Cell Level
Insufficient
Channels
Cell Level
Quality of downlink
air interface
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2.
3.
4.
Cell error
5.
6.
Cell Level
No response
from MS
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Table 2 and set bit 5 to 1). In addition, you need to check Uplink Default MCS Type and
Maximum Value of N3101, as shown in the following table.
Name
Meaning
Setting
Principle
Value Range
Uplink
Default
MCS Type
If the default
MCS type is set to
a large value, the
MS access fails. If
the default MCS
type is set to a
small value, the
uplink rate of
small services is
affected.
Value range:
MCS1MCS9
Default value:
MCS2
Maximum
Value of
N3101
If this parameter
is set to a lower
value, the
tolerance of the
network to uplink
errors decreases
and the
probability of
abnormal TBF
releases increases.
If this parameter
is set to a higher
value, the network
still assigns uplink
resources to an
MS even though it
does not receive
correct MS data
blocks because of
MS activities.
Therefore,
network resources
are wasted.
Default value: 20
In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the uplink encoding mode is adjusted based on the encoding mode on
the downlink and the adjusting is improper. Currently, the optimized uplink LA/IR algorithm is
incorporated into the C12 version.
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Name
Meaning
Setting
Principle
Value Range
Alpha
Parameter
If this parameter is
set to a lower
value, the output
power of the MS
increases; if this
parameter is set to
a higher value, the
output power of
the MS decreases.
Value range: 0
1.0
If this parameter is
set to a lower
value, the output
power of the MS
increases; if this
parameter is set to
a higher value, the
output power of
the MS decreases.
Value range: 0
31
Default value: 14
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Name
Meaning
Setting
Principle
Value
Range
Delay Blocks of
Uplink Immediate
Assignment (internal
software parameter)
In the one-phase
access procedure, after
sending an Immediate
Assignment message,
the network uses the
parameter to calculate
the starting time of an
uplink TBF. At= the
starting time, the
network starts the
uplink TBF and
assigns radio block
resources to the TBF.
The parameter
specifies the starting
time of an uplink TBF
at the network side.
The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
3.
In the two-phase
access procedure, the
network uses the
parameter to calculate
the scheduling time of
a single block
assigned to the MS. At
the specified starting
time, the network
assigns a radio block
to the MS at the
location of the frame
number for the MS to
send an uplink access
resource request.
The parameter
specifies the time
when the MS sends a
Packet Resource
Request message
(two-phase access).
Delay Blocks of
Uplink Single Block
Assignment (internal
software parameter)
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The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
9.
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Name
Meaning
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Setting
Principle
Value
Range
The parameter
specifies the starting
time of an uplink TBF
at the network side.
The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
3.
In the two-phase
access procedure, after
receiving a Packet
Resource Request
message from the MS,
the network uses the
parameter to calculate
the starting time of an
uplink TBF. At the
specified starting time,
the network starts the
uplink TBF and
assigns radio block
resources to the TBF.
The network also uses
the parameter to
calculate the TBF
Starting Time assigned
to the MS to notify the
MS of the time to
access the assigned
channel.
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The Frequency Parameters in the uplink assignment message indicates whether the MS joins in
frequency hopping and the coding scheme of the FH frequencies. ARFCN indicates no frequency
hopping; Indirect encoding indicates the indirect coding of FH frequencies; Direct encoding 1
indicates direct coding 1 of FH frequencies; Direct encoding 2 indicates direct coding 2 of FH
frequencies.
< Frequency Parameters IE > ::=
< TSC : bit (3) >
{ 00 < ARFCN : bit (10) >
| 01 < Indirect encoding : < Indirect encoding struct > >
| 10 < Direct encoding 1 : < Direct encoding 1 struct > >
| 11 < Direct encoding 2 : < Direct encoding 2 struct > > } ;
< Indirect encoding struct > ::=
< MAIO : bit (6) >
< MA_NUMBER : bit (4) >
{0|1
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uplink and downlink balance level is high; both the immediate assignment success rate and
the assignment success rate are low. The related counters are listed in the following table.
Cause
Cell Level
TRX Level
Balance
between
uplink and
downlink
MR Measurement ->
Uplink-and-Downlink Balance
Measurement
MR Measurement ->
MR Measurement ->
3.4.7 CS KPIs
When CS parameters are improperly configured, PS KPIs are affected. In this case, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is low. Therefore, you should check the CS KPIs,
mainly the call drop rate, congestion rate, assignment success rate, uplink and downlink
balance, and success rate of call establishment.
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Cases
Analysis
According to the analysis of MS signaling, when establishing an uplink TBF, the MS always
resends uplink data blocks but does not receive any acknowledgement message from the
network. In this case, N3101 overflows, and the establishment of the uplink TBF fails. In
addition, the transmit power of the MS is very low. Therefore, it is possible that improper
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settings of the uplink power control parameter of the MS cause a low transmit power. In this
case, the network cannot receive any uplink data block from the MS, and the establishment of
the uplink TBF fails, thus causing an extended delay of the attach.
Figure 1.2 Resending uplink data
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Solution
According to the preceding analysis, the cause of an extended delay is that the uplink data
block is not sent to the network normally. The possible causes of failure to send the uplink
data block are as follows: (1) low uplink power; (2) overhigh uplink encoding mode.
According to the possible causes, you can make the following adjustments: (1) lower the
value of the GAMMA parameter to raise the uplink power; (2) decrease three levels for the
uplink encoding mode based on the downlink encoding mode.
During the CQT after the preceding adjustments, perform 200 number of times of attach and
ping operations. All operations succeed and no extended delay appears. Figure 1.1 lists related
test data.
Figure 1.1 Attach and ping test after adjustments
Attach Test
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Ping Test
1.39
100.0%
1.13
100.0%
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Analysis
1.
2.
3.
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When the frequency hopping information is incorrect, the MS does not respond to an
uplink assignment command.
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
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According to the protocol, the GPRS Mobile Allocation in an SI 13 message defines the
frequency band information of frequency hopping. The frequency hopping information in the
SI 13 message, however, is null, which is inconsistent with that in data configuration.
Therefore, a defect in product implementation causes incorrect frequency hopping
information in the system message. In this case, the establishment of the uplink TBF fails.
Configure the channel on a frequency that does not join in frequency hopping. Then, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is normal.
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Solution
Huawei recommends that you disable frequency hopping. The fault will be rectified in later
versions.
Analysis
1.
2.
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4.
Solution
You can modify the configuration of TMA factor to solve the problem.
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Feedback
The on-site engineers must provide the following information for troubleshooting:
1.
Function Type
Measurement Type
DSP Measurement
Abis interface
measurement
PS Call Measurement
PTRAU Measurement
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2.
3.
4.
Data configuration.
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