Manufacturing Processes Lab MEM564 / LS01/Ridhwan Rev.

01-2014

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
Program

: Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Manufacturing) (Hons) (EM221/241)

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220)
Course
: Manufacturing Processes Laboratory
Course Code : MEM564
Course Outcome: CO1,CO2,CO3,CO4
LAB SHEET NO:

1.0

TITLE: Sand Testing Preparation (Green Sand)

2.0

INTRODUCTION
2.1

Green Compression Strength

Green compression strength refers to the stress required to rupture the sand specimen under
compressive loading. The sand specimen required to rupture the sand specimen under
compressive loading. The sand specimen is then taken out of the specimen tube and is
immediate (any delay causes the drying of the sample which increases the strength ) put on
the strength testing machine and the force required to cause the compression failure is
determined. The green strength of sand is generally in the range of 0.03 to 0.16 MPa.
2.2

Permeability

The rate in cc/min at which air will pass through the standard compression specimen is used
as an index of permeability Standard permeability is determined by measuring the time
3

necessary for 2000 cm of air to pass through the standard specimen while it is confined in
2

the specimen tube and under a pressure of 10 gm/cm if the time is determined the
permeability number can be calculated from the formula:
P= (V. H)/ (p. A. T)
Where;

V: volume of air = 2000 cm

H: height of sand specimen = 2 inches
2

P: pressure = 10 gm/cm

A: cross sectional area of the sand specimen =1in

3

T: time, sec, for 2000 cm air to pass through specimen

The formula reduces to AFS Permeability:
P

3000.7
for old machine working with Hg
T (sec)
The formula reduces to AFS Permeability For Rdsdale-Dieter:
P=

30557
.
air pressure in cm of water x time in (sec)

30557
pxt

Manufacturing Processes Lab MEM564 / LS01/Ridhwan Rev. 01-2014

3.0

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the green compression strength and permeability of molding sand.

4.0

APPARATUS
4.1
MATERIALS
Green Sand (Silica Sand, Coal Dust, Bentonite, Water)
4.2
EQUIPMENT
Permeability Machine, Sand Rammer, Universal Sand Strength Testing Machine.
4.3
HAND TOOLS
Specimen Tube, Vernier Caliper

5.0

METHOD OF APPROACH
5.1
Specimen Preparation:
Since the strength of molding sand depends greatly on its degree of ramming, the condition of
molding the standard test sample must be carefully controlled. In laboratory work, reproducing
ramming conditions are achieved by the use of a standard sand rammer and specimen tube
accessories. The sand (6.375 to 7.25 kg) is placed in the specimen tube and rammed by
impact with three blows of a standard weight. The ramming device is manually operated and
the weight is dropped from a height of 50.8 0.125 mm. Three (3) rams should produce a
specimen of 50.8 0.8 mm in height to produce this size of specimen this usually sand of
145 to 175 g would be required. To obtain this height, the weight of the sand should be
adjusted.

6.0

LAB REPORT PREPARATION:

The report should include the following items:

Calculation of the percentage error for permeability.

Observation during the experiment of mold preparation in order to obtain good quality
of products.

*Student should use the standard cover page.

*The report content should base on 10 items highlighted in standard report descriptions.